Publications

kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) chemokine vmip-ii and human sdf-1alpha inhibit signaling by kshv g protein-coupled receptor.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes two proteins that are similar to human cc chemokines and a g protein-coupled receptor (kshv-gpcr) that is constitutively active. kshv-gpcr binds a number of human cxc and cc chemokines. we showed that interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (ip-10), a human cxc chemokine, inhibits kshv-gpcr signaling (geras-raaka et al., j. exp. med. 188, 405-408, 1998). here we show that viral monocyte inflammatory protein-ii (vmip-ii), one of the kshv-encode ...	1998	9918794
big but weak: how many pathogenic genes does human herpesvirus-8 need to cause kaposi's sarcoma? (review).	human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) is implicated in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). in the last two years several hhv-8 gene products were heralded to 'cause ks' without any evidence that the respective gene is expressed in the tumor cells of ks lesions. in this framework it is of interest that almost 10% of the genes encoded by hhv-8 have been suggested to promote ks development due to either mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, chemoattractive, angiogenic or transforming activities. the rapidly grow ...	1999	9917504
ifn-gamma induces endothelial cells to proliferate and to invade the extracellular matrix in response to the hiv-1 tat protein: implications for aids-kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis.	previous studies indicated that the tat protein of hiv functions as a progression factor in kaposi's sarcoma (ks), an angioproliferative disease common and aggressive in hiv-1-infected individuals (aids-ks). in particular, tat that is released by infected cells stimulates the growth and invasion of spindle cells of endothelial origin derived from ks lesions (ks cells). other work suggested that inflammatory cytokines may act as initiating factors in ks since they induce normal endothelial cells ...	1999	9916748
usefulness of molecular detection of human herpesvirus-8 in the diagnosis of kaposi sarcoma by fine-needle aspiration.	kaposi sarcoma (ks), a multifocal angioproliferative disorder, occurs most commonly in patients with aids, in whom it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. ks is often in the differential diagnosis in hiv-infected patients undergoing fine-needle aspiration (fna). fna diagnosis of ks is usually made by morphologic observation of scant tissue fragments composed of bland spindle cells and crush artifact. human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) has been identified by polymerase chain reaction ( ...	1999	9894458
hypothesis. hhv-8 in multiple myeloma: is this the first paracrine model of human tumorigenesis and do koch's postulates apply?		1998	9893745
[hhv-8 related diseases].	kaposi's disease: hhv-8 sequences have been found in all the epidemiological forms of kaposi's disease. there is a direct relationship between hhv-8 infection and pbmc and later development of kaposi's disease. the hhv-8 sequences can be found in spindle cells or endothelial cells in kaposi lesions. other diseases: hhv-8 is also associated with certain lymphomas including body-cavity-based lymphomas and castleman's disease. it has also been put forward that there is a relationship between hhv-8 ...	1998	9879330
human herpesvirus 8 is not associated with kawasaki disease.		1998	9877378
accessibility of selenomethionine proteins by total chemical synthesis: structural studies of human herpesvirus-8 mip-ii.	the determination of high resolution three-dimensional structures by x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) is a time-consuming process. here we describe an approach to circumvent the cloning and expression of a recombinant protein as well as screening for heavy atom derivatives. the selenomethionine-modified chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-ii (mip-ii) from human herpesvirus-8 has been produced by total chemical synthesis, crystallized, and characterized by nmr. the ...	1998	9877169
[human herpesvirus-8 in hungarian blood donors and in patients with kaposi sarcoma].	the pathogenic role of kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus-8 in the development of kaposi's sarcoma is widely accepted today. here the authors report an indirect immunofluorescence assay based seroepidemiologic study. their results indicate that 1.56% (17/1089) of the hungarian adult population and 100% (12/12) of kaposi's sarcoma patients have serum antibodies to hhv-8 latent nuclear antigens.	1998	9876459
future trends in kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma.		1998	9874115
agonists and inverse agonists for the herpesvirus 8-encoded constitutively active seven-transmembrane oncogene product, orf-74.	a number of cxc chemokines competed with similar, nanomolar affinity against 125i-interleukin-8 (il-8) binding to orf-74, a constitutively active seven-transmembrane receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8. however, in competition against 125i-labeled growth-related oncogene (gro)-alpha, the orf-74 receptor was highly selective for gro peptides, with il-8 being 10,000-fold less potent. the constitutive stimulating activity of orf-74 on phosphatidylinositol turnover was not influenced by, for exa ...	1999	9873037
etiology and pathogenesis of posttransplant tumors: new insights into viral oncogenesis.		1997	9869881
the association of skin diseases with human herpesvirus 8 infection in hiv carriers.	the seroprevalence to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) or human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) was surveyed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) carriers with or without skin diseases, and also in hiv-1 negative individuals in thailand. using an immunofluorescence assay, the seropositive rates to lytic antigens of hhv-8 in hiv-1 carriers with or without skin diseases were 25% and 7.4%, respectively, but none of hiv-1 negative individuals had antibody. the seroprevalence to hh ...	1998	9856078
hhv-8 is not associated with follicular dendritic cell tumours.	follicular dendritic cell tumours are rare malignancies derived from the follicular dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles. these tumours have been associated with epstein-barr virus infections and with the hyaline vascular subtype of castleman's disease. because many examples of castleman's disease have been associated with kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (hhv-8), this study uses polymerase chain reaction technology to examine five cases of follicular dendritic cell tumours for hhv-8. o ...	1998	9850342
herpes virus type 8-negative primary effusion lymphoma associated with pax-5 gene rearrangement and hepatitis c virus: a case report and review of the literature.	at present, there is no case report of hhv8- primary effusion lymphoma (pel) with t(9;14)(p13;q32) involving both pax-5 and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement, which is a rare translocation in b-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma, in an hiv- patient. we examined an hiv-seronegative 63-year-old japanese man with hepatitis c virus-associated liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma manifesting peritoneal lymphomatous effusion without tumor mass at any body site. the lymphoma cells were exa ...	1998	9850179
human herpesvirus-8 glycoprotein b interacts with epstein-barr virus (ebv) glycoprotein 110 but fails to complement the infectivity of ebv mutants.	to characterize human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) gb, the open reading frame was pcr amplified from the hhv-8-infected cell line bcbl-1 and cloned into an expression vector. to facilitate detection of expressed hhv-8 gb, the cytoplasmic tail of the glycoprotein was tagged with the influenza hemagglutinin (ha) epitope. expression of tagged hhv-8 gb (gb-ha), as well as the untagged form, was readily detected in cho-k1 cells and several lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls). hhv-8 gb-ha was sensitive to endog ...	1998	9837804
diva, a bcl-2 homologue that binds directly to apaf-1 and induces bh3-independent cell death.	we have identified and characterized diva, which is a novel regulator of apoptosis. sequence analysis revealed that diva is a member of the bcl-2 family of proteins containing bcl-2 homology domain 1, 2, 3, and 4 (bh1, bh2, bh3, and bh4) regions and a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic domain. the expression of diva mrna was detected in multiple embryonic tissues but was restricted to the ovary and testis in adult mice. the expression of diva promoted the death of 293t, ramsey, and t47d cells as well ...	1998	9829980
further confirmation of the association of human herpesvirus 8 with kaposi's sarcoma.	recently, a new herpesvirus-like dna sequence named kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) or human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) has been isolated from almost all cases of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). it has not been found in most benign and malignant cutaneous hemangioproliferative disorders other than ks. to further verify the specificity of the association of this new viral dna with ks, we examined in total 42 cases of vascular neoplasms of endothelial derivation using nested polymerase chain react ...	1998	9826166
seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among zambian women of childbearing age without kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and mother-child pairs with ks.	the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) among a group of zambian women of reproductive age and among mother-child pairs in which either one of them has kaposi's sarcoma (ks) was determined. a cross-sectional group of 378 pregnant women was randomly recruited into the study, and 183 (48.4%) had hhv-8 antibodies. among the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1-infected women, 51.1% were hhv-8-seropositive, whereas of hiv-1-negative women, 47.3% were hhv-8-seropositive. in addition, 21 wom ...	1998	9815235
detection of human herpesvirus 8 dna sequences in tissues and bodily fluids.	human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) has been proposed as a sexually transmitted etiologic agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). in this study, by use of a sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay, hhv-8 dna was detected in the skin lesions (92%), normal skin (23%), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) (46%), plasma (7%), saliva (37%), and semen (12%) but not stool samples from ks patients. the average number of hhv-8 copies per microgram of positive target dna was 64, 000, 9000, 40, 33,000, and 300 for ...	1998	9815212
new advances in multiple myeloma.	recent studies have led to new insights into the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, including appreciation of the potential role of human herpesvirus-8 infection and further characterization of some of the cytogenetic abnormalities present in this disease. new strategies to optimize the use of allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation include the development of various immunotherapeutic techniques to enhance the antitumor effect, and, in the case of allogeneic transplantation, to reduce ...	1998	9814656
distinct biology of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from primary lesions and body cavity lymphomas.	the dna sequence for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus was originally detected in kaposi's sarcoma biopsy specimens. since its discovery, it has been possible to detect virus in cell lines established from aids-associated body cavity-based b-cell lymphoma and to propagate virus from primary kaposi's sarcoma lesions in a human renal embryonic cell line, 293. in this study, we analyzed the infectivity of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus produced from these two sources. viral isolates ...	1998	9811747
immunoglobulin vh gene mutational analysis suggests that primary effusion lymphomas derive from different stages of b cell maturation.	primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a recently described distinct subtype of non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with infection by the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also called human herpesvirus-8. most cases of pel are also associated with the epstein-barr virus (ebv). in order to better characterize the cellular origin of pel, we investigated the immunoglobulin (ig) heavy chain variable region (vh,) genes expressed by tumor cells of the bc-1 and bc-3 cell lines derived from pels and fi ...	1998	9811353
aids-related malignancies.		1998	9800109
the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma.		1998	9795583
increasing kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seroprevalence with age in a highly kaposi's sarcoma endemic region, zambia in 1985.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a newly discovered virus found in all forms of ks. in the united states, kshv infection appears to be most common amongst individuals at high-risk for ks. preliminary data from africa suggest that kshv infection may be much more common in the general population.	1998	9792393
trauma-induced kaposi's sarcoma of the hallux. an unusual case.	kaposi's sarcoma is the most common malignant lesion in patients who test seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. although many cases of this tumor have been described in the literature, only a few cases have been related to koebner's phenomenon following trauma. biopsy of lesions remains the standard method of diagnosis, but the numerous treatment options available today require treatment to be determined on a case-by-case basis. the authors present an unusual case of trauma-induced, ...	1998	9791955
[painless, red-violet skin lesions during immunosuppression].	a patient with painless, bluish-red skin lesions under immunosuppressive treatment for kidney transplantation is presented. the clinical and histological diagnosis was kaposi's sarcoma. this is a rare but serious complication in the immunocompromised patient. human herpes virus 8 (hhv 8) was recently found in the lesions from patients with kaposi's sarcoma. this supports the important role of immunosuppression in the development of this tumor. therapy consists of reduction or stopping of the imm ...	1998	9789478
chemokines activate kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor in mammalian cells in culture.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)/human herpesvirus 8, a virus that appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas, encodes a g protein-coupled receptor (kshv-gpcr) that exhibits constitutive signaling. in this report, we show that two chemokines, interleukin 8 (il-8) and growth-related protein-alpha, activate kshv-gpcr over constitutive levels. moreover, as with human receptors, the integrity of the elr motif of these chemokines is req ...	1998	9788958
human herpesvirus-8 and relatives of patients with plasmocytic diseases.		1998	9787198
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in kikuchi's disease.	kikuchi's disease is a fairly common self-limited disorder among orientals that usually involves the cervical lymph nodes of young individuals and occurs predominantly in females. frequently, the disease is associated with fever or flu-like symptoms, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr), neutropenia, and lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, suggesting a viral origin. however, no infectious agent has been identified. the presence of kaposi sarcoma-associate ...	1998	9781647
comparison of the prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 (kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in brazil and colorado.	the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8; kaposi's sarcoma [ks] herpesvirus) infection was determined by ifa in 297 persons living in brazil and colorado. the prevalence of antibody to hhv-8 in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-seropositive gay men with and without ks was similar in brazil and colorado. in brazil, the prevalence of hhv-8 antibody was significantly greater in hiv-1-seronegative gay men than in hiv-1-seronegative male intravenous drug users. hhv-8-seropositive brazilia ...	1998	9780272
prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected homosexual men in slovakia.		1998	9770082
purification of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) and analyses of the structural proteins.	the kaposis's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infected bcbl-1 cell line, adapted to and grown in medium containing 10% horse serum, was induced to lytic replication with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) for virus production. supernatants from induced cells were filtered through a 0.45-microm filter and virions were concentrated by polyethylene glycol extraction and high speed centrifugation. the virus was purified by a glycerol gradient zonal centrifugation step followed by isopy ...	1998	9766893
squamous cell carcinomas after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia: further evidence of a multistep process.	secondary solid tumors are rare events occurring in patients who underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and fanconi's anemia. human herpes virus 8 (hhv8), epstein-barr virus (ebv), and human papillomaviruses (hpv) sequences have been found in squamous cell carcinoma (scc) occurring in organ transplant recipients. the tumor suppressor gene p53 has been strongly linked to the occurrence of scc in the nonimmunocompromised population.	1998	9753353
dendritic cells derived from bone marrow and cd34+ selected blood progenitor cells of myeloma patients, cultured in serum-free media, do not contain the kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus genome.	the aim of our study was to test if dendritic cells contain the kshv genome. cd34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells (pbpc) and bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in x-vivo 15 medium supplemented with gm-csf and tnf-alpha in gas-permeable containers. dendritic cells were identified morphologically and immunophenotypically. the kshv genome was not identified in any of the cases using a nested primer pcr approach. serological analysis corroborated the molecular findings: no antibodies for ...	1998	9753067
transfusion virology: progress and challenges.	discoveries of new human viruses and new technologies for their detection have made, and will continue to make, major contributions to the safety of blood transfusion. this article discusses the practical issues involved in the implementation of additional serological screening tests for viruses such as human t-lymphotropic virus, and reviews current information on the prevalence and pathogenicity of more recently discovered viruses, such as hepatitis g virus (hgv) or gb virus-c (gbv-c) and huma ...	1998	9745887
spectrum of aids-associated malignant disorders.		1998	9743013
human herpesvirus-8 orf k8.1 gene encodes immunogenic glycoproteins generated by spliced transcripts.	a cdna library from phorbol ester-induced human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) carrying bcbl-1 cells was screened with an hiv+ks+ serum, and several cdna clones encoding hhv-8 proteins were identified. sequence analysis of two full-length cdna clones show open reading frames (orfs) encoded by spliced messages originating from the hhv-8 k8.1 gene. one cdna encodes an orf of 228 amino acids, designated k8. 1.a, with a cleavable signal sequence, a transmembrane domain, and four n-glycosylation sites. the sp ...	1998	9740785
establishment and characterization of ebv-positive and ebv-negative primary effusion lymphoma cell lines harbouring human herpesvirus type-8.	in this study we report on the establishment and characterization of two novel lymphoma cell lines (cro-ap/3 and cro-ap/5) which carry infection by human herpesvirus type-8 (hhv-8) and have derived from aids-related primary effusion lymphoma (pel). these two cell lines are representative of different virologic subtypes of pel, i.e. hhv-8+/ebv- pel in the case of cro-ap/3 and hhv-8+/ebv+ pel in the case of cro-ap/5. consistent with the diagnosis of pel, both cro-ap/3 and cro-ap/5 expressed indete ...	1998	9734661
antibodies to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in patients with multiple myeloma.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) serologic assays were used to detect specific antibodies to kshv lytic and latent antigens in 27 patients with multiple myeloma, 27 control patients with other cancers, and 50 random blood donors. antibodies to kshv recombinant minor capsid antigen orf65 were found in 81% of patients with multiple myeloma, 22% of control patients with other cancers, and 6% of the blood donors. antibodies to kshv latent nuclear antigens were found in 52% of patients ...	1998	9728556
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) in bone marrow biopsies of patients with waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is suspected to play a role in the aetiology of multiple myeloma. because of similarities in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma and waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (wm), we investigated dna samples from 20 bone marrow biopsies with wm for the detection of kshv by pcr (ks330/orf26). we performed two rounds of amplification and found that only 1/20 of the dna samples obtained from biopsies had a detectable kshv sequence. the positive patient was ...	1998	9722309
absence of hhv-8 dna sequences in malignant mesothelioma.	human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) associated primary effusion lymphomas arise and grow in the body cavities as effusions, but it is not known whether the lining of body cavities and mesothelium derived malignancies are potential targets of hhv-8 infection. we examined a series of 13 diffuse malignant mesotheliomas and four mesothelial cell rich effusion samples of non-neoplastic aetiology from non-immunodepressed patients using the polymerase chain reaction to detect hhv-8 specific sequences. hhv-8 am ...	1998	9713597
identification of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of k1 transforming protein of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is consistently identified in kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity-based lymphoma. kshv encodes a transforming protein called k1 which is structurally similar to lymphocyte receptors. we have found that a highly conserved region of the cytoplasmic domain of k1 resembles the sequence of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (itams). to demonstrate the signal-transducing activity of k1, we constructed a chimeric protein in which the cytoplasmic ...	1998	9710606
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a vascular tumor predominantly found in the immunosuppressed. epidemiologic studies suggest that an infective agent is the etiologic culprit. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), or human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8), is a gamma human herpesvirus present in all epidemiologic forms of ks and also in a rare type of a b cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel). in addition, this virus is present in most biopsies from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated m ...	1998	9709807
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded oncogenes and oncogenesis.	molecular biologic studies of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) have identified a number of potential viral oncogenes that may contribute to kshv-related neoplasia including a d-type cyclin, an il-6-like cytokine, and a novel member of the interferon regulatory factor family. kshv is functionally related to other dna tumor viruses by encoding specific proteins to inhibit prb, pro-apoptotic, and interferon-signaling tumor suppressor pathways. the virus appears to employ molecular pir ...	1998	9709306
cancers in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.	although the exact incidence of cancers in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children is not clear, an excess of non-hodgkin's lymphomas and soft tissue tumors as well as a multitude of otherwise rare tumors in childhood, such as cervical, thyroid, or pulmonary carcinoma, has been reported. in contrast to the findings in hiv-infected adults, kaposi's sarcoma is rare in children in industrialized countries but not in children living in the sub-saharan area. treatment of the neoplastic d ...	1998	9709300
overview of the epidemiology of immunodeficiency-associated cancers.	immunodeficiency, be it congenital, therapeutic, or infectious in origin, increases the risk of certain, but not all, types of cancer. a common feature of these cancers is that specific infectious agents appear to be important in their etiology, not only in immunodeficient subjects but also in the general population. people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are at an increased risk of kaposi's sarcoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, hodgkin's disease, squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunc ...	1998	9709294
emerging viruses in blood transfusion.		1998	9704434
detection of epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus dna in csf from persons infected with hiv who had neurological disease.	to determine the frequency and clinical relevance of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) dna detection in the csf from patients infected with hiv.	1998	9703169
primary-effusion lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma in a cardiac-transplant recipient.		1998	9700178
human herpesvirus 8 as a potential sexually transmitted agent in honduras.	the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) was studied in 326 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and -negative persons from honduras; women constituted 77% (n = 251) of the subjects. sera were tested for lytic hhv-8 antibodies by an ifa, and positive samples were confirmed by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. of the 326 persons tested, 58 (17.8%) had hhv-8 antibodies. among the hiv-infected women, 22.7% were seropositive; 11.3% of the hiv-negative women were seropositive. hhv-8 s ...	1998	9697741
body-cavity-based lymphoma in an elderly aids-unrelated male.	body-cavity-based lymphoma (bcbl) is a recently described subtype of human non-hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the localization of neoplastic cells exclusively in the body cavities. bcbl is found most commonly in aids patients, and is known to be highly associated with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv). we describe here a case of bcbl that occurred in a 101-year-old man. he was successively treated with etoposide, but died 8 months after the diagnosis of bcbl. no lymphoma masse ...	1998	9695416
renal pathology of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	renal complications of hiv infection are clinically and morphologically diverse. these may affect the glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular compartments. tubulointerstitial injury predominates in most autopsy-based studies, whereas glomerular disease is most frequently identified in biopsy-based studies. the most common glomerular lesion is hiv-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and related mesangiopathies (collectively termed hiv-associated nephropathy). increasingly, a variet ...	1998	9692353
shedding of cytomegalovirus and herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 in saliva of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients and healthy controls.	we used the polymerase chain reaction to study the presence of dna from cytomegalovirus (cmv) and human herpesvirus (hhv)-6, hhv-7, and hhv-8 in saliva from 44 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-infected patients at different stages of disease and in 15 healthy hiv-seronegative controls. cmv dna, hhv-6 dna, and hhv-7 dna were found in all groups, but hhv-8 dna was found only in symptomatic hiv-1-infected patients (5 [17%] of 29). one of the patients with hhv-8 dna in saliva had oral kapos ...	1998	9675467
no association between human herpesvirus type 8 infection and multiple myeloma.		1998	9665152
serologic evidence for mother-to-child transmission of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection.		1998	9660357
human herpes virus 8 (kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus).	human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) is a recently discovered herpesvirus related to herpesvirus saimiri and epstein-barr virus (ebv). it has been assigned to the rhadinovirus genus (gamma-2 herpesvirus) on the basis of its genomic sequence and structure. hhv-8 is the first member of this genus known to infect humans and it is now evident that it is the likely cause of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). the virus is present in endothelial and spindle cells of ks, and in hiv disease the presence of hhv-8 in peripher ...	1998	9659514
the immunogenic glycoprotein gp35-37 of human herpesvirus 8 is encoded by open reading frame k8.1.	human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and body cavity-based lymphomas (bcbls). the hhv-8 genome is primarily in a latent state in bcbl-derived cell lines like bcbl-1, but lytic replication can be induced by phorbol esters (r. renne, w. zhang, b. herndier, m. mcgrath, n. abbey, d. kedes, and d. e. ganem, nat. med. 2:342-346, 1996). a 35- to 37-kda glycoprotein (gp35-37) is the polypeptide most frequently and intensively recognized by ks ...	1998	9658120
treatment of classical kaposi's sarcoma with intralesional injections of cidofovir: report of a case.	the effect of intralesional injections of cidofovir, a nucleotide analog with potent in vitro activity against human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), was studied in vivo in an hiv-negative patient with classical kaposi's sarcoma (ks). after five weekly injections of the drug, no clinical, histological, immunohistological, or virological changes could be detected in comparison with saline-injected lesions. these findings suggest that, once the ks tumor has developed, active viral replication is no longer i ...	1998	9624609
human herpesvirus 8 in the prostate glands of men with kaposi's sarcoma.	the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks) resembles that of a sexually transmitted pathogen. however, human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), the proposed cause of ks, is found in semen only infrequently and at low titers. to determine whether hhv-8 was present in the urogenital tract, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies were obtained from six men with ks (five with concurrent hiv infection) and four without ks (three with concurrent hiv) and assaye ...	1998	9621094
human immunodeficiency virus tat modulates the flk-1/kdr receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and components of focal adhesion in kaposi's sarcoma cells.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) spindle cell growth and spread have been reported to be modulated by various cytokines as well as the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) gene product tat. recently, hiv-1 tat has been shown to act like a cytokine and bind to the flk-1/kdr receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor a (vegf-a), which is expressed by ks cells. we have characterized signal transduction pathways stimulated by hiv-1 tat upon its binding to surface receptors on ks cells. we observed that ...	1998	9621077
high human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence in the homosexual population in switzerland.	the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) in the swiss population was investigated. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sera reactive to the recombinant hhv-8 antigen orf 65.2 were found in 24% of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients without and in 92% of hiv-positive patients with kaposi's sarcoma. surprisingly, 20% of homosexual hiv-negative men, versus only 7% of heterosexual hiv-negative individuals and 5% of blood donors, had antibodies to hhv-8.	1998	9620422
mapping and serodiagnostic application of a dominant epitope within the human herpesvirus 8 orf 65-encoded protein.	a dominant epitope within the human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) orf 65-encoded protein was mapped to an 8-amino-acid (aa) sequence (rkppsgkk [aa 162 to 169]) by an amino acid replacement method. using a 14-aa peptide (p4) encompassing this epitope as the antigen, we developed an enzyme immunoassay for hhv8 antibodies. the presence of p4 antibodies in a panel of 61 human serum specimens was highly correlated with biopsy-confirmed kaposi's sarcoma. the homologous epstein-barr virus peptide derived from b ...	1998	9620379
high prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 in relatives of patients with classic kaposi's sarcoma from sardinia.	a survey for antibodies to a recombinant small viral capsid antigen (svca) of human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) was conducted in sardinia, one of the world's highest incidence areas for classic kaposi's sarcoma (ks). prevalence of antibodies to hhv-8 svca was greatest in patients with ks (95%), followed by family members (39%) and a sardinian control population age- and sex-matched to the relatives (11%). within families, prevalence of antibodies was about equal among spouses, children, and sibli ...	1998	9607855
antiviral activity of tumor-suppressor pathways: clues from molecular piracy by kshv.	a common feature of many tumor viruses is that they possess genes that produce specific proteins to inhibit major cellular tumor-suppressor pathways. despite intensive studies, the reasons why these diverse and unrelated viruses have independently evolved oncogenes remains obscure. kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv or hhv8) has pirated a number of recognizable cellular genes that are key to cell survival and proliferation. in this review, we provide an overview of the known activities ...	1998	9594662
emerging pathogens: the hong kong experience.		1997	9594216
absence of human herpesvirus 8 dna sequences in vascular tumors of the liver.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv), also designated human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), has been detected consistently in kaposi's sarcoma, body cavity lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease, both in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and -negative patients. identification of kshv/hhv8 dna sequences in various benign and malignant vascular tumors in hiv-negative patients was reported in one study, but was not confirmed in several other studies. the vascular lesions, other th ...	1998	9588771
cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: a case series from the children's cancer group and the national cancer institute.	to describe the spectrum of malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children and the clinical outcome of patients with these tumors.	1998	9586885
kaposi's sarcoma in liver transplant recipients on fk506.		1998	9583882
an unusual localisation of kaposi's sarcoma: the external auditory canal.	the epidemic form of kaposi's sarcoma is associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. cutaneous and mucosal manifestations are frequently reported in the ent sphere, mostly involving the oral cavity. the external and middle ear are only rarely concerned with only one case of a mastoid lesion without extension to the external auditory canal (eac) being reported to this day. the present article describes the first case of involvement of the eac with extension to adjacent structures. thi ...	1998	9581194
limited transmission of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in cultured cells.	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) (also called human herpesvirus 8) is a novel gammaherpesvirus strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma. although virions can be produced in high yield from latently infected b-cell lines treated with phorbol esters, little is known about the infectivity of such virus, and efficient serial propagation of kshv has been problematic. here we report on the infectivity of kshv produced from phorbol-induced bcbl-1 cells, employing an ass ...	1998	9573290
aids-related primary lymphoma of the pleural cavity. a case report.	pleural effusions are common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). their most frequent causes are kaposi's sarcoma and mycobacterial infections. we report cytologic, immunophenotypic and molecular features of a primary pleural non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) that represent an uncommon cause of isolated pleural effusion in patients with aids.	1998	9568138
seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 in healthy subjects and patients with aids-associated and classical kaposi's sarcoma in france.		1998	9543459
human herpesvirus 8 in kaposi's sarcoma and kaposi's sarcoma-mimicking vascular tumors.	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) had been a rare and unusual vascular tumor until a recent epidemic of a disseminated and fulminant form of ks in aids patients. infectious agents have been suspected of causing ks, and recently partial genomic dna sequences of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) have been identified in aids-associated ks lesions. since then, genomic dna sequences of hhv8 have been isolated in other forms of ks. although the partial genomic dna sequence of hhv8 was reported to be, if rare, identified ...	1998	9539320
molecular and pathologic characterization of an aids-related body cavity-based lymphoma, including ultrastructural demonstration of human herpesvirus-8: a case report.	body cavity-based lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma, is a newly recognized acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related lymphoma that has been linked to the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8). to date, direct visualization of the virus in a clinical sample has not been demonstrated. we have performed an extensive clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, ultrastructural, and molecular genetic correlative study on multiple tissue samples obtained premortem and ...	1998	9537479
human herpesvirus 8 in premalignant and cancerous skin lesions in a japanese patient with adult t-cell leukaemia.		1998	9531356
emerging viruses.	an emerging virus is a term applied to a newly discovered virus, one that is increasing in incidence or with the potential to increase in incidence. many viruses fit into this definition. hiv is the clearest example of a previously unknown virus that has now produced one of the largest pandemics in history. recent advances have occurred in the identification and understanding of new hantaviruses in the americas, causing an acute respiratory disease. the possible causal role of human herpesvirus ...	1998	9529635
reactivities of human sera with human herpesvirus-8-infected bcbl-1 cells and identification of hhv-8-specific proteins and glycoproteins and the encoding cdnas.	the reactivates of human sera with uninduced and phorbol ester (tpa)-induced human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8)-infected bcbl-1 cells were examined by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and by radioimmunoprecipitation reactions (rip). the seroprevalence of hhv-8 infections is low in the united states general population and only low levels of hhv-8 antibodies were detected in the seropositive sera. in contrast, high levels of antibodies against hhv-8 lytic and latent antigens were detected by ifa in the ser ...	1998	9527930
mechanisms of growth control of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus-associated primary effusion lymphoma cells.	primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv). several cytokines, including interleukin-6 (il-6), basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf), and platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) may be important for survival of ks cells. however, little is known about the interaction of cytokines with kshv-infected lymphocytes from pel. therefore, we investigated what cytokines were produced by kshv-infected pel cell lines ...	1998	9516148
serologic association of human herpesvirus eight with posttransplant kaposi's sarcoma in saudi arabia.	this study investigates the association between human herpesvirus eight (hhv8) and kaposi's sarcoma (ks), the most common cancer occurring in renal transplant recipients in saudi arabia.	1998	9500639
human herpesvirus 8 variants.		1998	9500366
randomized comparative trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus bleomycin and vincristine in the treatment of aids-related kaposi's sarcoma. international pegylated liposomal doxorubicin study group.	cytotoxic chemotherapy is frequently required for the more severe manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related kaposi's sarcoma. combinations of bleomycin and vincristine (bv) or bv with the addition of doxorubicin (abv) are the most commonly used regimens against which new treatments may be compared. we report a multicenter phase iii study that compared pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (pld) to the bv combination.	1998	9469358
cardiac tamponade in a patient with aids: a review of pericardial disease in patients with hiv infection.	pericarditis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection may be asymptomatic or symptomatic, but is sometimes overlooked because of signs and symptoms of other organ system diseases. a case report of cardiac tamponade in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is presented. to determine the incidence and causes of pericardial disease in patients with hiv infection, a review of the literature was conducted. fifteen autopsy and echocardiographic series involving ...	1998	9458682
detection of human herpesvirus-8 dna in oral ulcer tissues of hiv-infected individuals.	to determine the frequency of detection of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) in hiv-related oral ulcers.	1997	9456675
overview: kaposi's sarcoma, oral neoplasms.	since the last international workshop on the oral manifestations of hiv in 1993 there has been extremely rapid progress in our knowledge of the possible aetiology of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and this is reflected in this section which concentrates mainly on the epidemiology and molecular aspects of ks. research continues in assessing potential links of oral neoplasms and especially in non-hodgkin's lymphomas in patients with hiv/aids.	1997	9456672
gamma-interferon produced by cd8+ t cells infiltrating kaposi's sarcoma induces spindle cells with angiogenic phenotype and synergy with human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat protein: an immune response to human herpesvirus-8 infection?	kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an angioproliferative disease associated with infection by the human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8). hhv-8 possesses genes including homologs of interleukin-8 (il-8) receptor, bcl-2, and cyclin d, which can potentially transform the host cell. however, the expression of these genes in ks tissues is very low or undetectable and hhv-8 does not seem to transform human cells in vitro. in addition, ks may not be a true cancer at least in the early stage. this indicated that besides it ...	1998	9446657
transcription mapping of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genome in a body cavity-based lymphoma cell line (bc-1).	kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) gene transcription in the bc-1 cell line (kshv and epstein-barr virus coinfected) was examined by using northern analysis with dna probes extending across the viral genome except for a 3-kb unclonable rightmost region. three broad classes of viral gene transcription have been identified. class i genes, such as those encoding the v-cyclin, latency-associated nuclear antigen, and v-flip, are constitutively transcribed under standard growth conditions, ...	1998	9444993
seroprevalence of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus antibody in young adult hodgkin's disease.		1998	9439351
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus--a new concern for human reproduction?	the detection of the recently discovered kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv) in human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected donor semen and in blood from a normal blood donor has led us to review this new area of health concern, with emphasis on a number of studies conducted into the presence of the virus in semen and the possibility of transmission during assisted conception procedures.	1997	9436709
aetiology of kaposi's sarcoma: current understanding and implications for therapy.	kaposi's sarcoma is an angiogenic neoplasm composed of endothelial and spindle cells. the enormous increase in kaposi's sarcoma with hiv infection, and recent discovery that a new human herpesvirus (kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also called human herpesvirus 8) is present in this tumor, has activated intense interest in the aetiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease. today, kaposi's sarcoma is one of the most frequent neoplasms in men under 50 years old in the usa, and i ...	1997	9430784
antiviral drug susceptibility of human herpesvirus 8.	we studied the susceptibility of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) to a number of antiherpesvirus agents. the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (anp) analogs cidofovir and hpmpa [(s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine] effected potent inhibition of hhv-8 dna synthesis, with 50% effective concentrations (ec50) of 6.3 and 0.6 microm, respectively. adefovir, an anp with both antiretrovirus and antiherpesvirus activity, blocked hhv-8 dna replication at a fourfold-lower concentration than did fosc ...	1997	9420052
human herpesvirus 8 detection in nasal secretions and saliva.	the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in nasal secretions and saliva from 14 hhv-8-seropositive persons, including 8 kaposi's sarcoma patients: 7 were human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected, 6 of whom were asymptomatic. hhv-8 was detected in one or both body fluids in 8 (57%) of 14 subjects. parallel pcr testing revealed the concomitant presence of cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and hhv-6 in various combinations in these body fl ...	1998	9419191
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma.		1997	9417645
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and multiple myeloma.		1997	9417642
the liver in aids.	deficits in cell-mediated immunity in aids result in a wide variety of hepatic complications, including granulomas, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, multimicrobial aids cholangiopathy, kaposi's sarcoma, and lymphoma. kupffer cells are the major hepatic target cell population for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), and rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus infection have served as a model for ultrastructural analysis of viral clearance by these cells. the majority of patients with estab ...	1997	9408969
absence of human herpesvirus 8 and epstein-barr virus genome sequences in cutaneous epithelial neoplasms arising in immunosuppressed organ-transplant patients.	recent studies have implicated herpesvirus 8 and epstein-barr virus in the development of cutaneous malignancies in immunosuppressed patients. in order to examine the strength of this association, we examined 37 malignant, pre-malignant and benign cutaneous epithelial neoplasms removed from immunosuppressed organ recipients for the presence of human herpesvirus 8 and epstein-barr viral genome sequences using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and in situ hybridization. we examined 2 actinic keratos ...	1997	9404853
establishment of hhv-8-positive and hhv-8-negative lymphoma cell lines from primary lymphomatous effusions.	primary lymphomatous effusions are represented by cases of non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) which grow in liquid phase in the serous body cavities in the absence of solid tumour masses. based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, virologic and genotypic features, primary lymphomatous effusions are distinguished into body cavity-based lymphoma (bcbl), burkitt's lymphoma (bl) and immunoblastic large-cell lymphoma. the histogenesis and pathogenesis of primary lymphomatous effusions are virtually unclarifie ...	1997	9389573
human herpesvirus 8 dna sequences in blistering skin from patients with pemphigus.	human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) has been detected in kaposi sarcoma (ks) and other lesions in patients both seropositive and seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). kaposi sarcoma has been reported to develop in a disproportionate number of patients with pemphigus. since hhv-8 is so strongly associated with ks, we wondered whether hhv-8 is present in pemphigus lesions from patients without ks or hiv infection. pemphigus lesions and skin from healthy individuals were coded in a blind ...	1997	9382563
the kshv/hhv8-infected bcbl-1 lymphoma line causes tumors in scid mice but fails to transmit virus to a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell graft.	the body-cavity-based lymphoma cell line bcbl-1, which is infected with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8, was injected alone or with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into scid mice. immunoblastic lymphomas developed at or near the site of injection. the lymphomas appeared to derive exclusively from the injected bcbl-1 cells and not from the injected human pbmc. the tumors elicited a marked murine angiogenic response, but known angiogenic cytokines were not dete ...	1997	9375005