Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| current advances in dengue diagnosis. | 2004 | 15242935 | |
| aedes aegypti genomics. | the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is the primary, worldwide arthropod vector for the yellow fever and dengue viruses. as it is also one of the most tractable mosquito species for laboratory studies, it has been and remains one of the most intensively studied arthropod species. this has resulted in the development of detailed genetic and physical maps for ae. aegypti and considerable insight into its genome organization. the research community is well-advanced in developing important molecular tools t ... | 2004 | 15242713 |
| impact of population age structure on wolbachia transgene driver efficacy: ecologically complex factors and release of genetically modified mosquitoes. | wolbachia symbionts hold theoretical promise as a way to drive transgenes into insect vector populations for disease prevention. for simplicity, current models of wolbachia dynamics and spread ignore ecologically complex factors such as the age structure of vector populations and overlapping vector generations. we developed a model including these factors to assess their impact on the process of wolbachia spread into populations of three mosquito species (anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti and cul ... | 2004 | 15242712 |
| tn5 as an insect gene vector. | the purpose of this study was to explore alternatives to insect-derived transposable elements as insect gene vectors with the intention of improving existing insect transgenesis methods. the mobility properties of the bacterial transposon, tn5, were tested in mosquitoes using a transient transposable element mobility assay and by attempting to create transgenic insects. tn5 synaptic complexes were assembled in vitro in the absence of mg(2+) and co-injected with a target plasmid into developing y ... | 2004 | 15242711 |
| nutritional regulation of jh synthesis: a mechanism to control reproductive maturation in mosquitoes? | juvenile hormone (jh) titers must be modulated to permit the normal progress of development and reproduction in mosquitoes. in adult female aedes aegypti, jh levels are low at adult eclosion, elevated in sugar-fed females and low again after a blood meal. although degradation plays a role, jh titer is fundamentally determined by the rate of biosynthesis in the corpora allata gland (ca). ca from newly eclosed females (0-1 h after emergence) exhibit a very low basal jh biosynthetic activity, aedes ... | 2004 | 15242710 |
| olfactory regulation of mosquito-host interactions. | mosquitoes that act as disease vectors rely upon olfactory cues to direct several important behaviors that are fundamentally involved in establishing their overall vectorial capacity. of these, the propensity to select humans for blood feeding is arguably the most important of these olfactory driven behaviors in so far as it significantly contributes to the ability of these mosquitoes to transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as dengue, yellow fever and most significantly human malaria. her ... | 2004 | 15242705 |
| mosquito transposable elements. | the completion of the genome assembly for the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, and continuing genomic efforts for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, have allowed the use of bioinformatics tools to identify and characterize a diverse array of transposable elements (tes) in these and other mosquito genomes. an overview of the types and number of both rna-mediated and dna-mediated tes that are found in mosquito genomes is presented. a number of novel and interesting tes from thes ... | 2004 | 15242704 |
| using rna interference to develop dengue virus resistance in genetically modified aedes aegypti. | diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses are significant public health problems, and novel methods are needed to control pathogen transmission. we hypothesize that genetic manipulation of aedes aegypti mosquitoes can profoundly and permanently reduce vector competence and subsequent transmission of dengue viruses (denv) to human hosts. we have identified rna interference (rnai) as a potential anti-viral, intracellular pathway in the vector that can be triggered by expression of virus-specific, ... | 2004 | 15242701 |
| [spatio-temporal variability in the transmission of dengue in buenos aires city]. | cases of dengue detected in buenos aires city between 1999 and 2000 confirmed the possibility of epidemic outbreaks. the activity of its vector aedes aegypi was monitored to study the spatial and temporal risk of dengue transmission. adult oviposition activity of aedes aegypti showed an heterogeneous spatio-temporal distribution pattern. it was detected between october and may. the vector was detected from spring to fall in the northern, western and southern areas of the city (periphery) and onl ... | 2004 | 15239537 |
| influence of breeding sites features on genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti populations analyzed on a local scale in phnom penh municipality of cambodia. | this study analyzed genetic differentiation of 20 aedes aegypti populations collected along a street in phnom penh municipality of cambodia. using allozyme and microsatellite variations, we demonstrated that populations were differentiated and the pattern of differentiation was dependent on the type of breeding sites. moreover, insecticide treatments with temephos mostly affect the population functioning of discarded containers. low gene flow detected could limit the natural diffusion of resista ... | 2004 | 15238693 |
| chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal activity of essential oils from leaves of different cinnamomum osmophloeum provenances. | chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from eight provenances of indigenous cinnamon (cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh.) were compared. according to gc-ms and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils of the eight provenances and their relative contents were classified into five chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, linalool type, camphor type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, and mixed type. the larvicidal activities of leaf essential oils and their constituents from the five chemotypes of ind ... | 2004 | 15237942 |
| the mechanism of action of the antidiuretic peptide tenmo adfa in malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | the mechanism of action of tenebrio molitor antidiuretic factor 'a' (tenmo adfa) was explored in isolated malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. in the ramsay assay of fluid secretion, tenmo adfa (10(-9) mol l(-1)) significantly inhibited the rate of fluid secretion from 0.94 nl min(-1) to 0.44 nl min(-1) without significant effects on the concentrations of na+, k+ and cl- in secreted fluid. in isolated perfused tubules, tenmo adfa had no effect on the transepithelial voltage (vt) and resistance ( ... | 2004 | 15235016 |
| critical period for pupal commitment in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | changes in ecdysteroid levels that lead to commitment of pupal and adult development were studied in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. application of juvenile hormone at the time of pupal commitment usually results in delay or blockage of pupal and adult development. with methoprene, a juvenile hormone mimic, the jh sensitive period was found to be within 19 h after ecdysis to the fourth instar, at which time methoprene treatment caused a delay in pupation. consistent with this observati ... | 2004 | 15234627 |
| target of rapamycin-mediated amino acid signaling in mosquito anautogeny. | mosquitoes generate an enormous burden on human health worldwide. disease-transmitting species use a reproductive strategy, termed anautogeny, that requires a blood meal to initiate egg maturation. whereas this strategy is important for driving disease transmission, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still poorly understood. the production of yolk protein precursors (ypps), a central event in egg maturation, is called vitellogenesis. ypps are synthesized in the fat body, the ... | 2004 | 15229322 |
| mosquito repellency of the seeds of celery (apium graveolens l.). | when the mosquito repellencies of four fractions of apium graveolens seeds (one hexane, two dichloromethane and one methanolic) were investigated in the laboratory, all four were found to offer human volunteers some protection against female, adult aedes aegypti. the hexane fraction, however, was found to exhibit the highest repellency in the laboratory, with median effective doses (ed50) and ed95 of 0.41 and 2.93 mg/cm2 skin, respectively. only this fraction, which was also found to provide pro ... | 2004 | 15228722 |
| the changing epidemiology of yellow fever and dengue, 1900 to 2003: full circle? | yellow fever and dengue are old diseases, having caused major epidemics in centuries past. both were effectively controlled in the mid 1900s, yellow fever in francophone africa by vaccination and yellow fever and dengue in the americas by effective control of the principal urban vector of both viruses, aedes aegypti. in the last 25 years of the 20th century, however, there was a resurgence of yellow fever in africa, and of dengue worldwide. the factors responsible for this resurgence are discuss ... | 2004 | 15225982 |
| evaluation of olyset insecticide-treated nets distributed seven years previously in tanzania. | insecticide-treated nets represent currently a key malaria control strategy, but low insecticide re-treatment rates remain problematic. olyset nets are currently one of two long-lasting insecticidal nets recommended by who. an assessment was carried out of the effect of olyset nets after seven years of use in rural tanzania. | 2004 | 15225349 |
| analyses of cis -acting elements that affect the transposition of mos1 mariner transposons in vivo. | the left (5') inverted terminal repeat (itr) of the mos1 mariner transposable element was altered by site-directed mutagenesis so that it exactly matched the nucleotide sequence of the right (3') itr. the effects on the transposition frequency resulting from the use of two 3' itrs, as well as those caused by the deletion of internal portions of the mos1 element, were evaluated using plasmid-based transposition assays in escherichia coli and aedes aegypti. donor constructs that utilized two 3' it ... | 2004 | 15221453 |
| longitudinal studies of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand and puerto rico: blood feeding frequency. | we used a histologic technique to study multiple blood feeding in a single gonotrophic cycle by engorged aedes aegypti (l.) that were collected weekly for 2 yr from houses in a rural village in thailand (n = 1,891) and a residential section of san juan, puerto rico (n = 1,675). overall, mosquitoes from thailand contained significantly more multiple meals (n = 1,300, 42% double meals, 5% triple meals) than mosquitoes collected in puerto rico (n = 1,156, 32% double meals, 2% triple meals). the por ... | 2000 | 15218911 |
| longitudinal studies of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand and puerto rico: population dynamics. | aspiration collections of adult aedes aegypti (l.) were made weekly from inside and outside of houses for 3 yr in a rural thai village (n = 9,637 females and n = 11,988 males) and for 2 yr in a residential section of san juan, puerto rico (n = 5,941 females and n = 6,739 males). in thailand, temperature and rainfall fell into distinct seasonal categories, but only temperature was correlated with fluctuations in female abundance. average weekly temperature 6 wk before mosquitoes were collected an ... | 2000 | 15218910 |
| sequences of flavivirus-related rna viruses persist in dna form integrated in the genome of aedes spp. mosquitoes. | flavivirus-related sequences have been discovered in the dsdna genome of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti mosquitoes, demonstrating for the first time an integration into a eukaryotic genome of a multigenic sequence from an rna virus that replicates without a recognized dna intermediate. in the aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line, an open reading frame (orf) of 1557 aa with protease/helicase and polyprotein processing domains characteristic of flaviviruses was identified. it is closely related to ... | 2004 | 15218182 |
| description of the transcriptomes of immune response-activated hemocytes from the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and armigeres subalbatus. | mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue, malaria, and lymphatic filariasis, exact a devastating toll on global health and economics, killing or debilitating millions every year (54). mosquito innate immune responses are at the forefront of concerted research efforts aimed at defining potential target genes that could be manipulated to engineer pathogen resistance in vector populations. we aimed to describe the pivotal role that circulating blood cells (called hemocytes) play in immunity by gen ... | 0 | 15213157 |
| yellow fever: readily prevented but difficult to treat. | 0 | 15210636 | |
| virulence reaction norms across a food gradient. | host-parasite interactions involve competition for nutritional resources between hosts and the parasites growing within them. consuming part of a host's resources is one cause of a parasite's virulence, i.e. part of the fitness cost imposed on the host by the parasite. the influence of a host's nutritional conditions on the virulence of a parasite was experimentally tested using the mosquito aedes aegypti and the microsporidian parasite vavraia culicis. a condition-dependent expression of virule ... | 2004 | 15209108 |
| reduced juvenile hormone synthesis in mosquitoes with low teneral reserves reduces ovarian previtellogenic development in aedes aegypti. | we investigated the relationship among nutritional reserves, previtellogenic ovary development and juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis in aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. by raising larvae under different nutritional regimes, two adult phenotypes (large and small females) were generated, which differed significantly in size at eclosion (measured by wing length). we measured the total amount of protein, lipids and glycogen in newly emerged (teneral) large and small females. teneral reserves were sign ... | 2004 | 15201301 |
| identification of a chemosensory receptor from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, that is highly conserved and expressed in olfactory and gustatory organs. | aedes aegypti is a highly anthropophilic mosquito responsible for the transmission of dengue and yellow fever around the world. like other mosquitoes, the biting and host preference behaviors of this disease vector are largely influenced by its sense of smell, which is presumably facilitated by g protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. here, we report the identification and characterization of aaor7, the first candidate odorant receptor from ae. aegypti. this receptor displays extremely hig ... | 2004 | 15201207 |
| dengue fever outbreak in a recreation club, dhaka, bangladesh. | an outbreak of dengue fever occurred among employees of a recreation club in bangladesh. occupational transmission was characterized by a 12% attack rate, no dengue among family contacts, and aedes vectors in club areas. early recognition of the outbreak likely limited its impact. | 0 | 15200876 |
| dengue spatial and temporal patterns, french guiana, 2001. | to study a 2001 dengue fever outbreak in iracoubo, french guiana, we recorded the location of all patients' homes and the date when symptoms were first observed. a geographic information system (gis) was used to integrate the patient-related information. the knox test, a classic space-time analysis technique, was used to detect spatiotemporal clustering. analysis of the relative-risk (rr) variations when space and time distances vary, highlighted the maximum space and time extent of a dengue tra ... | 0 | 15200850 |
| sequence analysis of the genome of the neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the genome of the neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus (nesenpv), which infects the european pine sawfly, n. sertifer (hymenoptera: diprionidae), was sequenced and analyzed. the genome was 86,462 bp in size. the c+g content of 34% was lower than that of the majority of baculoviruses. a total of 90 methionine-initiated open reading frames (orfs) with more than 50 amino acids and minimal overlapping were found. from those, 43 orfs were homologous to other baculovirus orfs, and 29 of these were ... | 0 | 15194780 |
| key premises, a guide to aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) surveillance and control. | the population densities of aedes aegypti linneaus in four towns in trinidad were studied using standard house-to-house inspections of all water-holding containers to determine whether persistently positive containers and premises existed over a three-month period in the wet season, from may to july 2002. from a total of 1503 houses inspected, 223 were positive with 41 persistently positive over the three month period and classified as 'key premises'. the definition of the term key premises is d ... | 2004 | 15191621 |
| molecular characterization of the singed wings locus of drosophila melanogaster. | hormones frequently guide animal development via the induction of cascades of gene activities, whose products further amplify an initial hormonal stimulus. in drosophila the transformation of the larva into the pupa and the subsequent metamorphosis to the adult stage is triggered by changes in the titer of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. singed wings (swi) is the only gene known in drosophila melanogaster for which mutations specifically interrupt the transmission of the regulatory signa ... | 2004 | 15189568 |
| differential modulation of murine host immune response by salivary gland extracts from the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are major vectors of numerous infectious agents. compounds in mosquito saliva not only facilitate blood-feeding, but may also have an impact upon the immune system of vertebrate hosts. consequently, the exposure to mosquito saliva may influence pathogen transmission, establishment and disease development. using two medically important vector mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus say, we examined the effects of mosquito saliva on immune cells of ... | 2004 | 15189245 |
| evaluation of a sampling methodology for rapid assessment of aedes aegypti infestation levels in iquitos, peru. | an epidemic of dengue during 2001 in northwestern peru reemphasized the need for efficient, accurate, and economical vector surveillance. between november 1998 and january 1999, we carried out extensive entomological surveys in two neighborhoods of approximately 600 contiguous houses located in the amazonian city of iquitos, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate the aedes aegypti (l.) rapid assessment survey strategy. based on pan american health organization recommendations, this strategy ... | 2004 | 15185957 |
| ectopic expression of a cecropin transgene in the human malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae): effects on susceptibility to plasmodium. | genetically altering the disease vector status of insects using recombinant dna technologies is being considered as an alternative to eradication efforts. manipulating the endogenous immune response of mosquitoes such as the temporal and special expression of antimicrobial peptides like cecropin may result in a refractory phenotype. using transgenic technology a unique pattern of expression of cecropin a (ceca) in anopheles gambiae was created such that ceca was expressed beginning 24 h after a ... | 2004 | 15185949 |
| in vitro repellency of n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide and n,n-diethylphenylacetamide analogs against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | seventeen analogs of the repellent compounds n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and n,n-diethylphenylacetamide (depa) were evaluated in vitro for repellency against laboratory-reared aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston mosquitoes by using a modified membrane blood feeding test system. the system was a valuable tool for comparing the effective concentrations of the repellent analogs. additionally, this method used easily controlled test conditions, allowing completion of the many ... | 2004 | 15185946 |
| laboratory and simulated field evaluation of a new recombinant of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus against culex mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | in the laboratory, three microbial mosquito larvicidal products consisting of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis de barjac (bti), bacillus sphaericus (neide) (bsph) (strain 2362), and the university of california riverside (ucr) recombinant (producing toxins of both bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis) were bioassayed against larvae of culex quinequefasciatus say (susceptible and resistant to bsph 2362), and aedes aegypti (l.). bti proved highly effective against ... | 2004 | 15185945 |
| comparative resistance of anopheles albimanus and aedes aegypti to n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (ai3-37220) in laboratory human-volunteer repellent assays. | the insect repellents n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and the racemate and 1s,2's stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (ai3-37220) were tested against anopheles albimanus wiedemann and aedes aegypti (l.) in laboratory human-volunteer assays. estimated skin doses of deet or racemic ai3-37220 required to reduce biting by 95% in ae. aegypti were 2.3 and 3.5 x 10(-2) micromol/cm2 skin, respectively, whereas estimated doses for 95% bite reduction of an. albimanus in an ... | 2004 | 15185944 |
| enhancement of cry19aa mosquitocidal activity against aedes aegypti by mutations in the putative loop regions of domain ii. | improvements in the mosquitocidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry19aa were achieved by protein engineering of putative surface loop residues in domain ii through rational design. the improvement of aedes toxicity in cry19aa was 42,000-fold and did not affect its toxicity against anopheles or culex. | 2004 | 15184189 |
| alkalization of larval mosquito midgut and the role of carbonic anhydrase in different species of mosquitoes. | we have previously demonstrated the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (ca) in the alkalization mechanism of the aedes aegypti larval midgut. in this study, we used hansson's histochemistry to examine the distribution of the enzyme in the midgut of six different species of mosquito larvae (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus). additionally, we quantitated ca content in the gastric caeca, anterior and po ... | 2004 | 15171946 |
| variation of genetic expression during development, revealed by esterase patterns in aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae). | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze esterase patterns during development of aedes aegypti from the cities of marília and são josé do rio preto (sjrp), brazil. the zymograms showed a total of 23 esterase bands, 22 of which were in the specimens from marília and 19 in those from sjrp. these esterase bands were considered to be the product of 23 alleles distributed tentatively in eight genetic loci. most of the alleles were developmentally regulated. the larval stage expressed th ... | 2004 | 15168721 |
| nodamura virus nonstructural protein b2 can enhance viral rna accumulation in both mammalian and insect cells. | during infection of both vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines, the alphanodavirus nodamura virus (nov) expresses two nonstructural proteins of different lengths from the b2 open reading frame. the functions of these proteins have yet to be determined, but b2 of the related flock house virus suppresses rna interference both in drosophila cells and in transgenic plants. to examine whether the nov b2 proteins had similar functions, we compared the replication of wild-type nov rna with that of mut ... | 2004 | 15163762 |
| [effect of temperature on longevity and infection with the nematode strelkovimermis spiculatus (nemata: mermithidae), a parasite of mosquitoes]. | strelkovimermis spiculatus is a common parasite of culicid species in argentina. effect of temperature on longevity and infectivity of juvenile preparasites of s. spiculatus was determined at 4, 10, 20 and 27 degrees c. three containers with 100 ml of dechlorinate water and 300 preparasites (12 hour-old), were placed for each day and temperature, during 40 days (total = 480 containers). survived preparasites were counted on 12 containers per day (three for each temperature). when number of survi ... | 2006 | 15162782 |
| ph tolerances and regulatory abilities of freshwater and euryhaline aedine mosquito larvae. | the ph regulatory abilities of two members of the mosquito tribe aedini, known to have dramatically different saline tolerances, are investigated. the freshwater mosquito aedes aegypti and the euryhaline ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus tolerate very similar ph ranges. both species complete larval development in waters ranging from ph 4 to ph 11, but naïve larvae always die in water of ph 3 or 12. across the ph range 4-11, the hemolymph ph of o. taeniorhynchus is maintained constant while that of a. ... | 2004 | 15159434 |
| differences in the effects of salinity on larval growth and developmental programs of a freshwater and a euryhaline mosquito species (insecta: diptera, culicidae). | the effects of salinity on growth and development of the euryhaline ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and the freshwater aedes aegypti are compared. o. taeniorhynchus grow larger, and have greater intrinsic growth rates, than a. aegypti. females of each species attain greater mass, take longer to develop, and have greater growth rates than do males. in o. taeniorhynchus, pupal mass, larval stage duration and growth rates (dry mass) increase with salinity, whereas growth rates (wet mass) remain constan ... | 2004 | 15159433 |
| stage-specific expression of two actin genes in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | abstract the expression patterns of two muscle-specific actin genes were studied in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the coding sequence of aeact-2 exhibits between 82 and 85% similarity with coding sequences of the drosophila melanogaster and predicted anopheles gambiae actin genes. the transcription of the aeact-2 gene was differentially regulated during developmental stages with higher levels of expression in larvae and lower levels in pupae and adults. the aeact-2 gene is mainly exp ... | 2004 | 15157225 |
| mosquito appetite for blood is stimulated by plasmodium chabaudi infections in themselves and their vertebrate hosts. | arthropod vectors of disease may encounter more than one infected host during the course of their lifetime. the consequences of super-infection to parasite development are rarely investigated, but may have substantial epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. | 2004 | 15151700 |
| characterization of a sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase from the cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis): a lepidopteran mechanism closer to that in mammals than that in dipterans. | numerous invertebrate species belonging to several phyla cannot synthesize sterols de novo and rely on a dietary source of the compound. scpx (sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase) is a protein involved in the trafficking of sterols and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. we have isolated scpx protein from spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) and have subjected it to limited amino acid sequencing. a reverse-transcriptase pcr-based approach has been used to clone the cdna (1.9 ... | 2004 | 15149283 |
| subcellular localization of the mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 and sterol carrier protein-x. | subcellular distribution of aedes aegypti sterol carrier protein-2 (aescp-2) and aescp-x was studied using electron microscopy. in both cultured a. aegypti cells and in the larval midgut, aescp-2 was detected mostly in the cytosol, with some labeling mitochondria and nucleus, but not in membranous vesicles. the widespread distribution of aescp-2 in the midgut epithelium is consistent with its potential lipid transfer function in all phases of cholesterol absorption. in contrast, aescp-x was foun ... | 2004 | 15145982 |
| yellow fever in the americas. | dutch slave traders brought yellow fever to the americas from africa during the mid-seventeenth century. for the next two and a half centuries, the disease terrorized seaports throughout the americas. proof of the mosquito hypothesis was delayed because of two aspects of the disease: patients are viremic only during the first several days of clinical illness, and most mosquitoes require about 2 weeks of viral incubation before becoming infectious. control of aedes aegypti in urban centers failed ... | 2004 | 15145381 |
| optimised expression in escherichia coli and purification of the functional form of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa delta-endotoxin. | achieving high-level expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa mosquito-larvicidal protein was demonstrated. the 130-kda cry4aa protoxin was overexpressed as an inclusion body in escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter together with the cry4ba promoter. the solubility of the toxin inclusions in carbonate buffer, ph 10.0, was markedly enhanced at a cultivation temperature of 30 degrees c. elimination of the tryptic cleavage site at arg-235 in the loop between helices 5 and 6 ... | 2004 | 15135419 |
| variation over space and time of aedes aegypti in phnom penh (cambodia): genetic structure and oral susceptibility to a dengue virus. | we studied spatial and temporal variation in 20-23 aedes aegypti samples collected in phnom penh and its suburbs to estimate the population genetic structure using allozymes and the susceptibility to a dengue-2 virus. based on seven allozyme systems, we detected low levels of genetic exchanges (i.e. high, significant f(st) values) between populations collected in the city centre, and different patterns of genetic structure for samples collected in the suburbs, depending on the type of environmen ... | 2003 | 15134196 |
| the early gene e74b isoform is a transcriptional activator of the ecdysteroid regulatory hierarchy in mosquito vitellogenesis. | in the mosquito aedes aegypti, blood feeding activates vitellogenesis that involves yolk protein precursor (ypp) genes in an insect metabolic tissue, the fat body. vitellogenesis is regulated by the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) regulatory hierarchy, in which the ets-domain protein e74 is a key transcriptional regulator. the mosquito aae74 gene encodes two isoforms-aae74a and aae74b. both aae74 isoforms are 20e-inducible early gene products. aae74b reaches its maximal expression at 10(-7)m of 20e, wh ... | 2004 | 15130514 |
| [productivity of aedes albopictus' breeding containers in paraíba valley, brazil]. | to estimate the potential productivity of artificial, permanent, and natural breeding containers of aedes albopictus, potential vector species of dengue. | 2004 | 15122376 |
| biolarvicides in vector control: challenges and prospects. | biolarvicides, based on mosquitocidal toxins of certain strains of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis h-14 (bti) are highly effective against mosquito larvae at very low doses and safe to other non-target organisms. during past two decades various biolarvicide formulations produced in india and abroad have been tested at malaria research centre and some formulations have undergone large-scale operational trials. biolarvicide formulations of b. sphaericus are useful in ... | 2003 | 15119068 |
| genetic heterogeneity of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in martinique. | in martinique, aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses has been the target of insecticide control for more than 35 years. despite significant control efforts, dengue has become a major disease of public health concern. we conducted a population genetic analysis based on isoenzyme variations combined with an estimation of infection rate to a dengue virus among 26 ae. aegypti samples. aedes aegypti samples could be differentiated for their susceptibility to dengue infection (infection rates ra ... | 2004 | 15117302 |
| larval habitats and distribution patterns of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse), in thailand. | this study was conducted to survey larval breeding habitats and to obtain larval abundance during the dry period covering all 5 geographical zones of thailand. our results indicated aedes aegypri is prevalent all over the country, whereas aedes albopictus is more restricted to the remote area of the south. water storage containers, especially water jars, served as a main larval breeding habitats of ae. aegypti, whereas broken cans and plastic containers are considered primary breeding sites for ... | 2003 | 15115122 |
| temephos resistance in two forms of aedes aegypti and its significance for the resistance mechanism. | aedes aegypti, at the larval stage, has been subjected to the temephos selection in laboratory. the level of temephos resistance was detected in a microplate by biochemical assay using who bioassay technique. the major enzyme-based resistance mechanisms involved in temephos resistance include elevated nonspecific esterase, oxidase and insensitive acetylcholinesterase. after 19 generations of temephos selection, the selected group showed resistance ratios of 4.64 and 16.92, when compared with a n ... | 2003 | 15115088 |
| the plant virus tomato spotted wilt tospovirus activates the immune system of its main insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis. | tospoviruses have the ability to infect plants and their insect vectors. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), the type species in the tospovirus genus, infects its most important insect vector, frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips (wft). however, no detrimental effects on the life cycle or cytopathological changes have been reported in the wft after tswv infection, and relatively few viral particles can be observed even several days after infection. we hypothesized that tswv infect ... | 2004 | 15113877 |
| the antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of gram type and pathogenicity. | previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against gram- escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against gram+ micrococcus sp., is melanization. we examined the immune responses mounted by aedes aegypti towards gram- enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium, and gram+ bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. using light microscopy, electron microscopy ... | 2004 | 15109959 |
| acute spotted fever rickettsiosis among febrile patients, cameroon. | although potential arthropod vectors are abundant in cameroon, acute febrile illnesses are rarely evaluated for arboviral or rickettsial infections. serum samples from 234 acutely febrile patients at clinics in tiko and buea, cameroon, were examined for antibodies to rickettsia africae and african alphaviruses and flaviviruses. these serum samples did not contain antibodies against typhoid, and blood malarial parasites were not detected. serum samples of 32% contained immunoglobulin m antibodies ... | 2004 | 15109409 |
| is new zealand prepared to deal with arboviral diseases? | to now, new zealand has been spared arboviral diseases, except for the odd imported infection. however, two exotic vector mosquitoes (ochlerotatus camptorhynchus and ochlerotatus notoscriptus) have become established in new zealand and the routine arrival of infected people from overseas may soon lead to local arboviral transmission. large populations of wild wallabies and brushtail possums could serve as reservoirs of ross river virus and other arboviruses. several other exotic mosquito species ... | 2004 | 15108743 |
| the transepithelial voltage of the isolated anterior stomach of mosquito larvae (aedes aegypti): pharmacological characterization of the serotonin-stimulated cells. | the lumen-negative transepithelial voltage (v(te)) of the isolated and perfused anterior stomach of mosquito larvae (aedes aegypti) was studied with a 'semi-open' preparation in which one end of the gut was ligated onto a perfusion pipette and the other end remained open to the bath. all experiments were performed with serotonin-stimulated preparations. v(te) was abolished after addition of 2.5 mmol l(-1) dinitrophenol and depended on the presence of cl(-). na(+) substitution experiments showed ... | 2004 | 15107433 |
| [a simulation model for the control of the aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue and yellow fever, by the crustacean mesocyclops spp]. | a simulation model is presented to show the predation dynamics of mesocyclops spp. over aedes aegypti. | 2006 | 15106875 |
| signature of the oligomeric behaviour of nuclear receptors at the sequence and structural level. | nuclear receptors (nrs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that control a large number of physiological events through the regulation of gene transcription. nrs function either as homodimers or as heterodimers with retinoid x receptor/ultraspiracle protein (rxr/usp). a structure-based sequence analysis aimed at discovering the molecular mechanism that controls the dimeric association of the ligand-binding domain reveals two sets of differentially conserved residues, which partition the e ... | 0 | 15105832 |
| effect of temperature stress on immature stages and susceptibility of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya virus. | a high temperature stress of 44.5 degrees c for 10 minutes on the larval stages was found to affect the susceptibility of adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya virus. at this temperature, the mortality of the mosquito larvae was found to be approximately 95%, whereas a temperature greater than 45 degrees c for 10 minutes was found to be lethal. a temperature tolerant (tt) strain was developed by exposing the larvae to a temperature of 44.5 degrees c for 10 minutes at every generation for ... | 2004 | 15100445 |
| [evaluation of the inhibiting activity of the diflubenzuron on the ecdysis of larvae of aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera, culicidae)]. | the inhibiting activity of diflubenzuron on the ecdysis of aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated, with a view to using this product in mosquito control. this study also aimed to determine the interaction between this product, the type of artificial containers and the susceptibility of the mosquito. bioassays were carried out in the backyard of a residence, using seven kinds of artificial habitats: tires, glass, concrete roofing, cans, plastic containers, cement and pottery. in each kind of artifici ... | 2013 | 15094897 |
| studies on dengue in rural areas of kurnool district, andhra pradesh, india. | a dengue case was reported for the 1st time in a rural area of kurnool district, andhra pradesh, india. entomological and serological investigations were carried out to determine the prevalence of dengue vectors and dengue virus. aedes aegypti was recorded for the 1st time in rural areas of andhra pradesh. breeding of ae. aegypti was observed only in containers with nonpotable water. cement cisterns and tanks, stone tubs, and clay pots were the major breeding habitats of ae. aegypti. larval indi ... | 2004 | 15088710 |
| procedures for the evaluation of field efficacy of slow-release formulations of larvicides against aedes aegypti in water-storage containers. | in thailand, water-storage jars, barrels, drums, pails, and tanks constitute vast developmental sites for aedes aegypti in urban, semiurban, and rural areas. earthen water jars, cement jars, and concrete tanks constitute the greatest proportion of artificial containers where ae. aegypti breed. this species is a major vector of the causal agents of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and vector control by larviciding is one of the main approaches to disease control. at present, temephos sand gra ... | 2004 | 15088706 |
| evaluation of surveillance devices for monitoring aedes aegypti in an urban area of northeastern peru. | in this study, we assessed the efficacy of the american biophysics corporation standard professional (abc-pro) light trap, the omni-directional fay-prince trap (with and without co2), and the centers for disease control and prevention wilton trap as a means of evaluating populations of adult aedes aegypti in an urban area of northeastern peru. efficacies of collections from each of the trap types were compared to backpack-aspirator collections and human-landing collections. collections were cond ... | 2004 | 15088699 |
| metabolic fate of [14c]-labeled meal protein amino acids in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | we developed a method to follow the metabolic fate of [(14)c]-labeled euglena gracilis protein amino acids in aedes aegypti mosquitoes under three different adult nutritional regimes. quantitative analysis of blood meal protein amino acid metabolism showed that most of the carbon of the amino acids was either oxidized to co(2) or excreted as waste. under the three different adult nutritional regimes, no significant differences in the metabolism of amino acids were found, which indicated that the ... | 2004 | 15081827 |
| safety and efficacy of chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine formulations in nonhuman primates. | to construct chimeric yf/den viruses (chimerivax-den), the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of yellow fever (yf) 17d virus were replaced with those of each wild-type (wt) dengue (den) virus representing serotypes 1 to 4. chimerivax-den1-4 vaccine viruses were prepared by electroporation of vero cells with rna transcripts prepared from viral cdna (f. guirakhoo, j. arroyo, k. v. pugachev, c. miller, z.-x. zhang, r. weltzin, k. georgakopoulos, j. catalan, s. ocran, k. soike, m. ratteree, an ... | 2004 | 15078958 |
| identification of chimpanzee fab fragments by repertoire cloning and production of a full-length humanized immunoglobulin g1 antibody that is highly efficient for neutralization of dengue type 4 virus. | a safe and effective dengue vaccine is still not available. passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies from humans or nonhuman primates represents an attractive alternative for the prevention of dengue virus infection. fab monoclonal antibodies to dengue type 4 virus (denv-4) were recovered by repertoire cloning of bone marrow mrnas from an immune chimpanzee and analyzed for antigen binding specificity, v(h) and v(l) sequences, and neutralizing activity against denv-4 in vitro. fabs 5a7, 3c ... | 2004 | 15078949 |
| dengue vector prevalence and virus infection in a rural area in south india. | we conducted a 2-year (1997-1999) longitudinal, entomological and virological study in three dengue endemic villages in vellore district, tamil nadu, to understand the dynamics of dengue transmission. aedes aegypti (linn.), ae. albopictus (skuse) and ae. vittatus (bigot) were the prevalent vector species. aedes aegypti was breeding throughout the year with a breteau index ranging from 9.05 to 45.49. aedes albopictus and ae. vittatus were prevalent mainly in the rainy season. small water holding ... | 2004 | 15078269 |
| comparative genome analysis of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti with drosophila melanogaster and the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. | an in silico comparative genomics approach was used to identify putative orthologs to genetically mapped genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, in the drosophila melanogaster and anopheles gambiae genome databases. comparative chromosome positions of 73 d. melanogaster orthologs indicated significant deviations from a random distribution across each of the five a. aegypti chromosomal regions, suggesting that some ancestral chromosome elements have been conserved. however, the two genomes also r ... | 2004 | 15073225 |
| mechanisms of k+ transport across basolateral membranes of principal cells in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the mechanisms of k(+) entry from the hemolymph into principal cells of malpighian tubules were investigated in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the k(+) channel blocker ba(2+) (5 mmol l(-1)) significantly decreased transepithelial (tep) fluid secretion (v(s)) from 0.84 nl min(-1) to 0.37 nl min(-1) and decreased the k(+) concentration in secreted fluid from 119.0 mmol l(-1) to 54.3 mmol l(-1) with no change in the cl(-) concentration. even though the na(+) concentration increased signi ... | 2004 | 15073198 |
| plasmodium ookinete-secreted proteins secreted through a common micronemal pathway are targets of blocking malaria transmission. | the mosquito midgut ookinete stage of the malaria parasite, plasmodium, possesses microneme secretory organelles that mediate locomotion and midgut wall egress to establish sporogonic stages and subsequent transmission. the purpose of this study was 2-fold: 1) to determine whether there exists a single micronemal population with respect to soluble and membrane-associated secreted proteins; and 2) to evaluate the ookinete micronemal proteins chitinase (pgcht1), circumsporozoite and trap-related p ... | 2004 | 15069061 |
| rna interference, arthropod-borne viruses, and mosquitoes. | rna interference (rnai) probably functions as an antiviral mechanism in most eukaryotic organisms. variations in the activity of this antiviral pathway in mosquitoes could explain, in part, why some mosquitoes are competent vectors of medically important, arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and others are not. there are three lines of evidence that show the rnai pathway exists in aedes species that transmit arboviruses. the first is that recombinant sindbis viruses expressing a rna fragment fr ... | 2004 | 15068882 |
| emerging infectious diseases. | human population growth, technological advances, and changing social behaviors lead to the selection of new microbial pathogens. antimicrobial drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments for emerging infectious diseases must be developed. the selective forces that drive the emergence of new infectious diseases, and the implications for our survival, are just beginning to be understood. | 2004 | 15067308 |
| field validation of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) age estimation by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons. | in previous studies, we developed linear regression models to age-grade female aedes aegypti l. reared and maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. the models were based on temporal differences between two cuticular hydrocarbons, pentacosane (c25h52) and nonacosane (c29h60), which were extracted from ae. aegypti legs and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. these initial models predicted adult female age up to 165 dd (12-15 calendar d at 28 degrees c). the age of older mosquitoes, ho ... | 2004 | 15061283 |
| laboratory evaluation of methanolic extract of atlantia monophylla (family: rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisms. | methanolic extracts of the leaves of atlantia monophylla (rutaceae) were evaluated for mosquitocidal activity against immature stages of three mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti in the laboratory. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus and pupae of an. stephensi were found more susceptible, with lc50 values of 0.14 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. insect growth regulating activity of this extract was more pronounced against ae. aegypti, with ei50 value 0.00 ... | 2004 | 15057359 |
| in vivo binding of the cry11bb toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin to the midgut of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin produces numerous proteins among which 94 kda known as cry11bb, has mosquitocidal activity. the mode of action of the cry11 proteins has been described as similar to those of the cry1 toxins, nevertheless, the mechanism of action is still not clear. in this study we investigated the in vivo binding of the cry11bb toxin to the midgut of the insect species anopheles albimanus, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus by immunohistochemical analysis. spodopte ... | 2004 | 15057351 |
| dengue: defining protective versus pathologic immunity. | dengue is an expanding public health problem, and an effective vaccine remains elusive. this review discusses how the significant influence of sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes on the severity of disease can be viewed in terms of beneficial and detrimental effects of heterologous immunity. a more complete understanding of these effects is likely to be critical for predicting optimal vaccine-induced immune responses. | 2004 | 15057297 |
| reassessing the role of defensin in the innate immune response of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | defensin is the predominant inducible immune peptide in aedes aegypti. in spite of its activity against gram-positive bacteria in vitro, defensin expression is detected in mosquitoes inoculated with gram-positive or negative bacteria, or with filarial worms. defensin transcription and expression are dependent upon bacterial dose; however, translation is inconsistent with transcription because peptide is detectable only in mosquitoes inoculated with large doses. in vitro translation assays provid ... | 2004 | 15056359 |
| haematozoan parasites of the lizard ameiva ameiva (teiidae) from amazonian brazil: a preliminary note. | three different haematozoan parasites are described in the blood of the teiid lizard ameiva ameiva linn. from north brazil: one in the monocytes and the other two in erythrocytes. the leucocytic parasite is probably a species of lainsonia landau, 1973 (lankesterellidae) as suggested by the presence of sporogonic stages in the internal organs, morphology of the blood forms (sporozoites), and their survival and accumulation in macrophages of the liver. one of the erythrocytic parasites produces en ... | 2003 | 15049092 |
| a highly conserved candidate chemoreceptor expressed in both olfactory and gustatory tissues in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae is a highly anthropophilic mosquito responsible for the majority of malaria transmission in africa. the biting and host preference behavior of this disease vector is largely influenced by its sense of smell, which is presumably facilitated by g protein-coupled receptor signaling [takken, w. & knols, b. (1999) annu. rev. entomol. 44, 131-157]. because of the importance of host preference to the mosquitoes' ability to transmit disease, we have initiated studies intended to elucid ... | 2004 | 15037749 |
| [risk perception and strategies for mass communication on dengue in the americas]. | dengue is clearly a very serious public health problem. in the americas the number of dengue cases has been increasing since the 1960s, and outbreaks of the disease have been occurring more frequently. furthermore, the density of infestation with the disease vector, the aedes aegypti mosquito, is high in the americas. the general strategy for preventing and controlling dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever is based on promoting behavior changes that lead to incorporating the community in controlli ... | 2004 | 15030659 |
| a field test for competitive effects of aedes albopictus on a. aegypti in south florida: differences between sites of coexistence and exclusion? | we tested whether interspecific competition from aedes albopictus had measurable effects on a. aegypti at the typical numbers of larval mosquitoes found in cemetery vases in south florida. we also tested whether the effect of interspecific competition from a. albopictus on a. aegypti differed between sites where a. aegypti either persists or went extinct following invasion by a. albopictus. similar experiments manipulating numbers of a. albopictus in cemetery vases were conducted at three sites ... | 2004 | 15024640 |
| isonicotinic acid hydrazide: an anti-tuberculosis drug inhibits malarial transmission in the mosquito gut. | we studied the transmission-blocking effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh), a widely used anti-tuberculosis drug, against plasmodium gallinaceum and plasmodium berghei. inh-treatment of infected animals did not inhibit parasite development in the blood of the vertebrate host, but did inhibit exflagellation, ookinete formation, and oocyst development in the mosquito. oocyst development was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. the ed(50) in the p. gallinaceum/chicken/aedes aegypti model and ... | 2004 | 15013786 |
| the naturally derived insecticide spinosad is highly toxic to aedes and anopheles mosquito larvae. | spinosad is a naturally derived biorational insecticide with an environmentally favourable toxicity profile, so we investigated its potency against mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae). by laboratory bioassays of a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad (tracer), the 24 h lethal concentration (lc50) against aedes aegypti (l.) third and fourth instars was estimated at 0.025 p.p.m. following logit regression. the concentration-mortality response of third- and fourth-instar anopheles albima ... | 2004 | 15009445 |
| physiology and nutrition of treponema primitia, an h2/co2-acetogenic spirochete from termite hindguts. | treponema primitia strains zas-1 and zas-2, the first spirochetes to be isolated from termite hindguts (j. r. leadbetter, t. m. schmidt, j. r. graber, and j. a. breznak, science 283:686-689, 1999), were examined for nutritional, physiological, and biochemical properties relevant to growth and survival in their natural habitat. in addition to using h(2) plus co(2) as substrates, these strains were capable of homoacetogenic growth on mono- and disaccharides and (in the case of zas-2) methoxylated ... | 2004 | 15006747 |
| inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in mosquitoes: effect of allatostatic head factors, piscf- and yxfgl-amide-allatostatins. | we investigated the role of head factors and allatostatins (ass) on the regulation of juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis in female adult mosquito. the biosynthetic activity of the aedes aegypti corpora allata (ca) in vitro was inhibited by factors present in the head. disconnecting the ca from the brain resulted in a significant increase in the rate of jh biosynthesis. inhibition was not dependent on intact nervous connections; co-incubation of ca with brains or brain extracts resulted in a signifi ... | 2004 | 15003834 |
| reconstruction of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cry11a endotoxin from fragments corresponding to its n- and c-moieties restores its original biological activity. | subtilisin hydrolyzes cry11a endotoxin (of 70 kd) produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis to fragments of 33- and 36-kd, which correspond to n- and c-terminal halves of the endotoxin molecule. thermitase (a serine protease from thermoactinomyces vulgaris) and insect gut proteases from diptera and lepidoptera exhibit the same hydrolytic effect on cry11a. hydrolyzates maintain high toxicity with respect to larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipiens. the 33- and 36- ... | 2004 | 15000685 |
| toxicity of vectolex (bacillus sphaericus) products to selected australian mosquito and nontarget species. | laboratory and field bioassay studies were conducted in southeast queensland, australia, on the efficacy of vectolex control granule (cg; active ingredient [ai]:50 bacillus sphaericus [b.s.] international toxic units [itu]/mg) and vectolex water dispersible granule (wdg) (ai: 650 b.s. itu/mg) formulations against third-instar larvae of culex annulirostris skuse, culex quinquefasciatus say, culex sitiens wiedemann, ochlerotatus rigilax (skuse), ochlerotatus. notoscriptus (skuse), and aedes aegypt ... | 2004 | 14998127 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to two insect repellents: deet and kbr 3023. | we conducted laboratory tests to assess the sensitivity to the insect repellent 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 1-methylpropylester (known as kbr 3023 or picaridin, trade name bayrepel) of west african strains of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti and of malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex, in comparison with the standard repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet). test mosquitoes were exposed according to a 'separate arms' protocol to logarithmic dose in ... | 2004 | 14996361 |
| interferon-dependent immunity is essential for resistance to primary dengue virus infection in mice, whereas t- and b-cell-dependent immunity are less critical. | dengue virus (den) causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, which are major public health problems worldwide. the immune factors that control den infection or contribute to severe disease are neither well understood nor easy to examine in humans. in this study, we used wild-type and congenic mice lacking various components of the immune system to study the immune mechanisms in the response to den infection. our results demonstrate that alpha/beta interferon (ifn-al ... | 2004 | 14990690 |
| comparison of the transmission potential of two genetically distinct sindbis viruses after oral infection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | within mosquitoes, arboviruses encounter barriers to infection and dissemination that are critical determinants of vector competence. the molecular mechanisms responsible for these barriers have yet to be elucidated. the prototype sindbis (sin) strain, ar339, and viruses derived from this strain, such as tr339 virus, have limited infection and transmission potential in the medically important arthropod vector, aedes aegypti (l.). however, the malaysian sin virus strain, mre16, disseminates in ne ... | 2004 | 14989352 |
| entomological investigations in a focus of dengue transmission in cairns, queensland, australia, by using the sticky ovitraps. | sticky ovitraps (patent pending) were used to sample female aedes aegypti (l.) weekly in a focus of dengue activity in cairns, queensland, australia. in february 2003, transmission of dengue virus serotype 2 began in the suburb of parramatta park, peaking in mid-march 2003. this suburb features many older, unscreened houses with high populations of ae. aegypti. highest densities (2-3.5 females per trap per week) were obtained during peak dengue transmission (january and february) before mosquito ... | 2004 | 14989339 |
| [community participation in the control of aedes aegypti: opinions of the population in one section of havana, cuba]. | to analyze opinions on community participation held by residents of one section of the city of havana, cuba, in order to identify key criteria to use in preparing a participatory strategy for controlling the aedes aegypti mosquito. | 2004 | 14987454 |
| intraspecific dna variation in nuclear genes of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are an abundant source of genetic variation among individual organisms. to assess the usefulness of snps for genome analysis in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, we sequenced 25 nuclear genes in each of three strains and analysed nucleotide diversity. the average frequency of nucleotide variation was 12 snps per kilobase, indicating that nucleotide variation in ae. aegypti is similar to that in other organisms, including drosophila and the malaria v ... | 2003 | 14986924 |
| an immune signalling kinase aamek3 from mosquitoes: cdna cloning and characterization. | in mammals, the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase pathway is one of the four major signalling systems that respond to stress and inflammatory stimuli. a full-length cdna corresponding to aedes aegypti map kinase kinase 3 (aamek3) was cloned and sequenced. it is 1.7 kb and contains an open reading frame of 334 amino acids and eleven conserved kinase domains, including signatures of a putative serine/threonine kinase active site and an atp binding site. the messenger (mrna) and protein expres ... | 2003 | 14986920 |