Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| evolution of two alanine glyoxylate aminotransferases in mosquito. | in the mosquito, transamination of 3-hk (3-hydroxykynurenine) to xa (xanthurenic acid) is catalysed by an agt (alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase) and is the major branch pathway of tryptophan metabolism. interestingly, malaria parasites hijack this pathway to use xa as a chemical signal for development in the mosquito. here, we report that the mosquito has two agt isoenzymes. one is the previously cloned aehkt [aedes aegypti hkt (3-hk transaminase)] [han, fang and li (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, ... | 2006 | 16681462 |
| predator identity and additive effects in a treehole community. | multiple predator species can interact as well as strongly affect lower trophic levels, resulting in complex, nonadditive effects on prey populations and community structure. studies of aquatic systems have shown that interactive effects of predators on prey are not necessarily predictable from the direct effects of each species alone. to test for complex interactions, the individual and combined effects of a top and intermediate predator on larvae of native and invasive mosquito prey were exami ... | 0 | 16676542 |
| [representing and intervening in public health: viruses, mosquitoes and rockefeller foundation experts in brazil]. | the attempts by experts from the of the rockefeller foundation (rf) to eliminate yellow fever in brazil were hampered by the pathology's low visibility. most cases of yellow fever were atypical and easily confused with other fevers. in the 1920s, the rf experts who tried to assess the presence of yellow fever relied mainly on clinical observations. in the 1930s, however, they devised indirect methods of visualizing the presence of the disease agent. visceroctomy revealed the presence of acute ca ... | 1998 | 16676454 |
| involvement of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases in the response of mosquito larvae to dietary plant xenobiotics. | the response of mosquito larvae to plant toxins found in their breeding sites was investigated by using aedes aegypti larvae and toxic arborescent leaf litter as experimental models. the relation between larval tolerance to toxic leaf litter and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) was examined at the toxicological, biochemical and molecular levels. larvae pre-exposed to toxic leaf litter show a higher tolerance to those xenobiotics together with a strong increase in p450 activity levels. this ... | 2006 | 16651188 |
| global transport networks and infectious disease spread. | air, sea and land transport networks continue to expand in reach, speed of travel and volume of passengers and goods carried. pathogens and their vectors can now move further, faster and in greater numbers than ever before. three important consequences of global transport network expansion are infectious disease pandemics, vector invasion events and vector-borne pathogen importation. this review briefly examines some of the important historical examples of these disease and vector movements, suc ... | 2006 | 16647974 |
| the global distribution of yellow fever and dengue. | yellow fever has been subjected to partial control for decades, but there are signs that case numbers are now increasing globally, with the risk of local epidemic outbreaks. dengue case numbers have also increased dramatically during the past 40 years and different serotypes have invaded new geographical areas. despite the temporal changes in these closely related diseases, and their enormous public health impact, few attempts have been made to collect a comprehensive dataset of their spatial an ... | 0 | 16647971 |
| switchover to the mated state by spermathecal activation in female anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | both aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes undergo physiological and behavioral changes after the females mate, but unlike ae. aegypti, the mated state in an. gambiae is not attained through the action of male accessory gland substances. experiments in which the spermathecae of mated females were manipulated suggest that a spermatheca filled with sperm is responsible for triggering oviposition behavior. an estimated 48% of the previously mated an. gambiae females mated again when the in ... | 2006 | 16647081 |
| larvicidal activity of essential oils from brazilian croton species against aedes aegypti l. | aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue fever, an endemic disease in brazil. in an effort to find effective and affordable ways of controlling this mosquito, the larvicidal activities of essential oils from croton species widely found in northeastern brazil were analyzed. the essential oils were extracted by steam distillation, and their chemical composition was determined by gas liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. the main components were methyleugenol and alpha-copaene fo ... | 2006 | 16646345 |
| inhibition of adult emergence of aedes aegypti in simulated domestic water-storage containers by using a controlled-release formulation of pyriproxyfen. | concrete domestic water-storage jars are a common larval habitat of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in countries of southeast asia. the efficacy of a novel controlled-release formulation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, designed to inhibit adult emergence for 6 months (the approximate duration of the main dengue transmission season in many endemic countries) was tested in cambodia against a local strain of ae. aegypti in 200-liter jars. the resin-based formulation contained 4.8% acti ... | 2006 | 16646342 |
| comparative efficacy and persistency of permethrin in olyset net and conventionally treated net against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. | the efficacy of the olyset net was compared to a net treated conventionally with permethrin 10% emulsifiable concentrate at the world health organization recommended dose. the nets were assessed under laboratory conditions against the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. knockdown efficacy for the olyset net was assessed after the first 10 washings and then after the 15th and 20th washings. data were not collected for the conventionally treated netting after 5 washings because ... | 2006 | 16646331 |
| bioefficacy of olyset nets against mosquitoes in india. | olyset nets are highly effective in killing anopheline mosquitoes within 3 min of exposure, as evidenced in cone bioassay tests. these nets also showed their efficacy on other vector mosquitoes (aedes aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus) at higher exposure periods. the efficacy remained at approximately 90% even after 20 washings at an interval of 24 h against anopheles culicifacies and cx. quinquefasciatus. use of the nets inside the house also resulted in drastic reduction of daytime resting dens ... | 2006 | 16646330 |
| susceptibility of laboratory and field-collected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14. | susceptibility levels of a few laboratory-cultured and dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at different storage ages were studied. the susceptibility of laboratory-cultured world health organization (who) bora bora reference, vector control research unit (vcru), and fumakilla malaysia berhad (fmb) strains of ae. aegypti to bti was examined. the sensitivity to bti decreased with storage age. the median letha ... | 2006 | 16646329 |
| laboratory evaluation of the bioinsecticide spinosad for mosquito control. | spinosad, a naturally occurring product of the fermentation of the bacterium saccharopolyspora spinosa, is a highly effective bioinsecticide against a broad range of agriculturally important insect pests, and this agent has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. in this study the efficacy of a spinosad-based product (laser 4.8% emulsifiable concentrate) was evaluated in laboratory bioassays against laboratory-reared mosquito strains of 3 species of medical importance: ae ... | 2006 | 16646328 |
| new findings on the developmental process of ascogregarina taiwanensis and ascogregarina culicis in aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti. | infection in different stages of larvae of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus with ascogregarina taiwanensis and a. culicis, respectively, revealed that the oocysts of ascogregarina spp. are able to infect any instar and can complete their life cycle within 9.5 +/- 1 days. when early instars ingested oocysts, parasite development was synchronized to larval-pupal ecdysis and oocyst dissemination occurred at the time of adult emergence, oviposition, or both. the parasites also developed normally whe ... | 2006 | 16646318 |
| the association of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in allende, nuevo león, mexico. | the recent appearance of aedes stegomyia albopictus (skuse) in nuevo león (nl) worries health officials. it is a vector of dengue fever in asia and is more resistant to lower temperatures than ae. aegypti. the objective of this study was to learn about some ecological parameters of ae. albopictus and their association with ae. aegypti, and other culicids in allende, nl, mexico, during 1999. allende is a small town close to metropolitan monterrey, which has 4 million inhabitants. the design was r ... | 2006 | 16646314 |
| larvicidal effects of various essential oils against aedes, anopheles, and culex larvae (diptera, culicidae). | mosquitoes in the larval stage are attractive targets for pesticides because mosquitoes breed in water, and thus, it is easy to deal with them in this habitat. the use of conventional pesticides in the water sources, however, introduces many risks to people and/or the environment. natural pesticides, especially those derived from plants, are more promising in this aspect. aromatic plants and their essential oils are very important sources of many compounds that are used in different respects. in ... | 2006 | 16642386 |
| persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oil extracts under different storage conditions. | the persistency of larvicidal effects of 13 oils (camphor, thyme, amyris, lemon, cedarwood, frankincense, dill, myrtle, juniper, black pepper, verbena, helichrysum, and sandalwood) was examined by storage of 50-ppm solutions under different conditions (open, closed, in the light, and in the dark) for 1 month after the preparation of the solutions. the stored solutions were tested against aedes aegypti larvae for four times during the storage period. some oils under some conditions stayed effecti ... | 2006 | 16642385 |
| repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against aedes, anopheles, and culex mosquitoes. | since ancient times, plant products were used in various aspects. however, their use against pests decreased when chemical products became developed. recently, concerns increased with respect to public health and environmental security requiring detection of natural products that may be used against insect pests. in this study, 41 plant extracts and 11 oil mixtures were evaluated against the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (linnaeus), the malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (liston), and th ... | 2006 | 16642384 |
| the sensilla of aedes and anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency. | the aim of this study was to detect the role of some mosquito organs in their sensation of repellent materials. a total of 250 females (15 days old) of the target species aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi were prepared and divided into five groups: group 1, without antenna; group 2, without maxillary bulbs; group 3, without proboscis; group 4, without frontal tarsus; and group 5, normal females as control. a mixture of five oils containing litsea cubeba 1%, melaleuca leucadendron 1%, melaleu ... | 2006 | 16642383 |
| co-immunoprecipitation of putative proteins that interact with mosquito proliferating cell nuclear antigen. | we have sequenced cdnas encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) from aedes albopictus cells and from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the mosquito cdnas contained an open reading frame encoding a 260 amino acid protein with a calculated mass of 29.0 kda and a pi of 4.46. there was a single amino acid difference between pcna proteins from ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti. in an. gambiae, the pcna homolog contained 260 residues, and the pcna gene was interrupted by a single 67 nucleotide intron ... | 2006 | 16640730 |
| high efficiency site-specific genetic engineering of the mosquito genome. | current techniques for the genetic engineering of insect genomes utilize transposable genetic elements, which are inefficient, have limited carrying capacity and give rise to position effects and insertional mutagenesis. as an alternative, we investigated two site-specific integration mechanisms in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. one was a modified cre/lox system from phage p1 and the other a viral integrase system from streptomyces phage phi c31. the modified cre/lox system consistent ... | 2006 | 16640723 |
| geographical information system (gis) in investigation of an outbreak. | an outbreak of fever in a village in southern india was reported on 1st september, 2001. the first reported case presented with epistaxis and a platelet count of 27000h(1)/mm3. clinical, laboratory and entomological evidence supported a diagnosis of dengue fever. one third of the village was affected and 3.7 % of the population presented with haemorrhagic symptoms; none were fatal. five acute cases tested for dengue specific igm showed that two were positive. the larvae of aedes aegypti were dis ... | 2005 | 16637399 |
| pupal-productivity surveys to identify the key container habitats of aedes aegypti (l.) in barranquilla, the principal seaport of colombia. | surveys were conducted in three neighbourhoods of barranquilla, the main seaport of colombia, to identify, using counts of pupae in water containers during the wet and dry seasons, the most productive aedes aegypti breeding sites. overall, 3,433 premises were investigated in the wet season and 3,563 in the dry, representing, respectively, 82.3% and 84.6% of the total numbers of premises in the study areas. despite a reasonably reliable supply of piped water, there were still some large storage c ... | 2006 | 16630394 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) production from non-residential sites in the amazonian city of iquitos, peru. | programmes for the surveillance of aedes aegypti (l.) often focus on residential areas, ignoring non-residential sites. between november 2003 and october 2004, pupal/demographic surveys were therefore conducted in non-residential sites in the peruvian city of iquitos. the sampled sites included schools, factories, ports, public markets, petrol stations, commercial zones, airports, government buildings, animal-production areas, and recreational areas. compared with the residential sites that had ... | 2006 | 16630393 |
| application of the pupal/demographic-survey methodology to identify the key container habitats of aedes aegypti (l.) in malindi district, kenya. | the pupal/demographic-survey methodology was evaluated in three coastal areas (one urban, one peri-urban and one rural) of malindi district, kenya, in attempts to identify the types of domestic container that are most productive for aedes aegypti (l.) pupae. the results demonstrated the practicality and consistency of the methodology, as a tool both for identifying and guiding the targeted control of the most productive container habitats, and for determining the mean numbers of pupae/person, as ... | 2006 | 16630392 |
| use of the pupal/demographic-survey technique to identify the epidemiologically important types of containers producing aedes aegypti (l.) in a dengue-endemic area of venezuela. | as dengue continues to emerge as a major public-health problem world-wide, efforts to control the dengue vector aedes aegypti must become more effective and efficient. results from larval and pupal surveys applied in venezuela illustrate the uniqueness of the information gained from pupal surveys; information that is lost when traditional stegomyia indices are calculated. as most ae. aegypti pupae will emerge to become adults, controlling the containers that produce the most pupae could have the ... | 2006 | 16630391 |
| application of the pupal/demographic-survey methodology in an area of havana, cuba, with low densities of aedes aegypti (l.). | between the april and december of 2004, an aedes aegypti (l.) pupal/demographic survey was conducted in the playa municipality of havana. the aims were to identify the key types of container in the production of the adult mosquitoes (and so provide a basis for targeted control) and assess transmission risk in terms of the number of pupae/person. pupal abundance, as measured in the survey, was compared with traditional stegomyia indices. the immature stages of ae. aegypti were only found in 70 of ... | 2006 | 16630390 |
| sample-size requirements for developing strategies, based on the pupal/demographic survey, for the targeted control of dengue. | several methods to determine the sample size required for a reliable and practical assessment of the number of aedes aegypti pupae in a community in puerto rico have been explored. because the pupae were highly aggregated, the data were fitted to a negative binomial distribution. classical statistical-inference methods for sample-size determination demanded the sampling of >3,000 premises for a reliable estimation of the mean number of pupae/person (with a 15% error). this number was reduced to ... | 2006 | 16630389 |
| aedes aegypti pupal/demographic surveys in southern mexico: consistency and practicality. | in interventions aimed at the control of the immature stages of aedes aegypti (l.), the principal vector of the dengue viruses, attempts are often made to treat or manage all larval habitats in households. when there are resource-constraints, however, a concentration of effort on the types of container that produce the most pupae may be required. identification of these 'key' container types requires surveys of the immature stages and particularly - since these give the best estimates of the num ... | 2006 | 16630388 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism mapping of quantitative trait loci for malaria parasite susceptibility in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti has been the subject of extensive genetic research due to its medical importance and the ease with which it can be manipulated in the laboratory. a molecular genetic linkage map was constructed using 148 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and six single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) markers. eighteen aflp primer combinations were used to genotype two reciprocal f2 segregating populations. each primer combination generated an average of ... | 2006 | 16624910 |
| arthropod repellency, especially tick (ixodes ricinus), exerted by extract from artemisia abrotanum and essential oil from flowers of dianthus caryophyllum. | a toluene extract of southernwood (artemisia abrotanum) and the essential oil from flowers of carnation (dianthus caryophyllum ) exerted pronounced a repellent effect both against ticks (nymphs of ixodes ricinus) and yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti). the most potent repellents found were coumarin and thujyl alcohol from a. abrotanum and phenylethanol from d. caryophyllum where coumarin and thujyl alcohol were also detected. | 2006 | 16624501 |
| structure of the functional form of the mosquito larvicidal cry4aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis at a 2.8-angstrom resolution. | the cry4aa delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to larvae of culex, anopheles, and aedes mosquitoes, which are vectors of important human tropical diseases. with the objective of designing modified toxins with improved potency that could be used as biopesticides, we determined the structure of this toxin in its functional form at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. like other cry delta-endotoxins, the activated cry4aa toxin consists of three globular domains, a seven-alpha-helix bundl ... | 2006 | 16621834 |
| plasmodium development in white-eye (kh(w)) and transformed strains (kh43) of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | xanthurenic acid (xa) has been implicated as an inducer in vivo of exflagellation in plasmodium spp. consequently, the development of plasmodium gallinaceum was assessed in a white-eye mosquito strain, kh(w), of aedes aegypti (l.), which is deficient in xa because of a mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme kynurenine hydroxylase, and in a transformed line of kh(w) mosquitoes that carry the wild-type cn+ gene of drosophila melanogaster meigen and express a functional enzyme necessary for xa pr ... | 2006 | 16619617 |
| heated oligonucleotide ligation assay (hola): an affordable single nucleotide polymorphism assay. | most single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection requires expensive equipment and reagents. the oligonucleotide ligation assay (ola) is an inexpensive snp assay that detects ligation between a biotinylated "allele-specific detector" and a 3' fluorescein-labeled "reporter" oligonucleotide. no ligation occurs unless the 3' detector nucleotide is complementary to the snp nucleotide. the original ola used chemical denaturation and neutralization. heated ola (hola) instead uses a thermal stable li ... | 2006 | 16619605 |
| laboratory evaluation of avian odors for mosquito (diptera: culicidae) attraction. | attraction of culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tarsalis coquillett, culex nigripalpus theobald, and aedes aegypti (l.) to avian and other host odors was investigated in a dual-port olfactometer. although attraction to a human arm was high for ae. aegypti (>80%) and low for all culex spp. (<25%), all species responded similarly to a chicken (55.3-73.6%). responses of ae. aegypti, cx. quinquefasciatus, and cx. nigripalpus to feathers were low (<20%) but greater than to controls. there was no diff ... | 2006 | 16619603 |
| characteristics of grass infusions as oviposition attractants to aedes (stegomyia) (diptera: culicidae). | ovitraps baited with grass infusions were evaluated in the field as oviposition attractants or stimulants for aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. significantly higher oviposition by aedes aegypti (l.) was observed in areas with no vegetation, but intense human presence, whereas aedes albopictus (skuse) oviposition was significantly higher in areas with vegetation, regardless of human presence. ovitraps baited with infusions of panicum maximum (jacq.) collected significantly more eggs than controls con ... | 2006 | 16619601 |
| screening for larvicidal activity in some thai plants against four mosquito vector species. | ninety-six ethanolic extracts from various parts of 84 thai plant species were tested for their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti mosquitoes. extracts from rhinacanthus nasutus, derris elliptica, trigonostemon reidioides, homalomena aromatica, stemona tuberosa and acorus calamus possessed high larvicidal activity, with lc50 values between 16.0 and 48.2 mg/l. petroleum ether (pe) and methanol (meoh) extracts were tested for their larvicidal activity against 4 mosquito vector species. the ... | 2005 | 16610643 |
| light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies. | the outer surface of the facet lenses in the compound eyes of moths consists of an array of excessive cuticular protuberances, termed corneal nipples. we have investigated the moth-eye corneal nipple array of the facet lenses of 19 diurnal butterfly species by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope, as well as by optical modelling. the nipples appeared to be arranged in domains with almost crystalline, hexagonal packing. the nipple distances we ... | 0 | 16608684 |
| superior reproductive success on human blood without sugar is not limited to highly anthropophilic mosquito species. | anthropophilic mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) have been shown to have superior reproductive success on human blood when sugar is not available. life-table experiments were conducted with aedes albopictus skuse and ae. aegypti to compare the effects of sugar availability on age-specific survivorship, lifetime and daily fecundity, and blood-feeding frequency when offered human blood daily. there were no significant interactions between the effects of sugar availability an ... | 2006 | 16608490 |
| dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on aedes aegypti populations in kamphaeng phet, thailand. | a knowledge, attitude, and practice (kap) survey and an extensive entomologic survey were conducted in two sub-districts of kamphaeng phet province, thailand, to test the hypothesis that correct dengue knowledge and practice reduce dengue vector populations. we found a negative association between respondents' knowledge of preventive measures and the number of unprotected containers in and around their houses. knowledge of development sites was positively associated with unprotected containers. ... | 2006 | 16607007 |
| human and mosquito infections by dengue viruses during and after epidemics in a dengue-endemic region of colombia. | we conducted a study in a dengue-endemic area of colombia to evaluate the dynamics of transmission of dengue viruses during and after epidemics. information was simultaneously gathered about occurrence of infection in humans and mosquitoes every three months in four cities with endemic transmission. viral isolation was confirmed in 6.7% of the persons and most were asymptomatic. adult mosquito and larvae house indexes were not found associated with increased burden of disease. the only entomolog ... | 2006 | 16607005 |
| determinants of vector specificity of o'nyong nyong and chikungunya viruses in anopheles and aedes mosquitoes. | the alphaviruses o'nyong nyong virus (onnv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) provide a unique system to study the viral genes involved in vector specificity. onnv infects both anopheline and culicine mosquitoes, whereas chikv infects only culicine mosquitoes. in this study, chimeric viruses were constructed that contained genes from both onnv and chikv. these chimeras and previously described full-length infectious clones of onnv and chikv were evaluated in anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti mosqu ... | 2006 | 16607002 |
| the use of an experimental hut for evaluating the entering and exiting behavior of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), a primary vector of dengue in thailand. | 2005 | 16599177 | |
| a method for determining the sex of larval aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | 2005 | 16599176 | |
| chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential of rhizome extract and volatile oil derived from curcuma aromatica against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | crude rhizome extracts and volatile oils of curcuma aromatica were evaluated for chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against the aedes aegypti mosquito. chemical identification achieved by gc/ms analysis revealed that xanthorrhizol, 1h-3a, 7-methanoazulene and curcumene at 35.08 and 13.65%, 21.81 and 30.02%, and 13.75 and 25.71%, were the main constituents in hexane extracts and volatile oils, respectively. volatile oil of ... | 2005 | 16599168 |
| effects of sub-lethal concentrations of synthetic insecticides and callitris glaucophylla extracts on the development of aedes aegypti. | synthetic and botanical insecticides can have a profound effect on the developmental period, growth, adult emergence, fecundity, fertility, and egg hatch, resulting in effective control at sub-lethal concentrations. this paper investigated sub-lethal concentrations of fenitrothion, lambda-cyhalothrin, and callitris glaucophylla joy thomps. & l.p. johnson (cupressaceae) extract to characterize their effects on the development of aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) mosquito larvae. the lc25, lc5 ... | 2005 | 16599166 |
| synergistic efficacy of botanical blends with and without synthetic insecticides against aedes aegypti and culex annulirostris mosquitoes. | increasing insecticide resistance requires strategies to prolong the use of highly effective vector control compounds. the use of combinations of insecticides with other insecticides and phytochemicals is one such strategy that is suitable for mosquito control. in bioassays with aedes aegypti and culex annulirostris mosquitoes, binary mixtures of phytochemicals with or without synthetic insecticides produced promising results when each was applied at a lc25 dose. all mixtures resulted in 100% mo ... | 2005 | 16599164 |
| evaluation of the present dengue situation and control strategies against aedes aegypti in cebu city, philippines. | the present dengue situation and methods to control aedes aegypti larvae in cebu city, philippines, were evaluated for the development of an integrated community-based dengue control program. the study included the detection of dengue infection among filipino patients, surveying mosquito breeding sites to determine larval population density of aedes aegypti, an evaluation of public knowledge, attitude, and personal protection practices against dengue, and an evaluation of the efficacy of vectoba ... | 2005 | 16599163 |
| crystal structure of the anopheles gambiae 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase. | in anopheles gambiae, the vector for the most deadly malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, xanthurenic acid (xa) plays a key role in parasite gametogenesis and fertility. in mosquitoes, xa is produced by transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk), a reaction that represents the main route to prevent the accumulation of the potentially toxic 3-hk excess. interfering with xa metabolism in a. gambiae therefore appears an attractive avenue for the development of malaria transmission-blocking dru ... | 2006 | 16585514 |
| ecdysteroid titers and developmental expression of ecdysteroid-regulated genes during metamorphosis of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | ecdysteroid titers and expression profiles of ecdysone-regulated genes were determined during the last instar larval and during the pupal stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). three peaks of ecdysteroids occurring at approximately 24, 30-33 and 45-48h after ecdysis to the fourth instar larval stage were detected. in the pupa, a large peak of ecdysteroids occurred between 6 and 12h after ecdysis to the pupal stage. a small rise in ecdysteroids was also detected at the end of the pupal sta ... | 2006 | 16580015 |
| do herbicide treatments reduce the sensitivity of mosquito larvae to insecticides? | invasive mosquitoes are economic and sanitary concerns especially in europe and america. most work has emphasized the role of resistance [berrada, s., fournier, d., cuany, a., nguyen, t.x., 1994. identification of resistance mechanisms in a selected laboratory strain of cacopsylla pyri (homoptera: psyllidae): altered acetylcholinesterases and detoxifying oxidases. pesticide biochemistry and physiology 48, 41-47; hemingway, j., hawkes, n.j., mccarroll, l., ranson, h., 2004. the molecular basis of ... | 2006 | 16574189 |
| antennal sensilla of two female anopheline sibling species with differing host ranges. | volatile odors are important sensory inputs that shape the behaviour of insects, including agricultural pests and disease vectors. anopheles gambiae s.s. is a highly anthropophilic mosquito and is the major vector for human malaria in sub-sahara africa, while anopheles quadriannulatus, largely due to its zoophilic behaviour, is considered a non-vector species in the same region. careful studies of olfaction in these sibling species may lead to insights about the mechanisms that drive host prefer ... | 2006 | 16573828 |
| colonization of aedes aegypti midgut by the endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatid blastocrithidia culicis. | monoxenous trypanosomatids inhabit invertebrate hosts throughout their life cycle. however, there have been cases of hiv-positive patients who have presented opportunistic infections caused by these protozoa, offering new perspectives to the study of interactions between monoxenics and hematophagous insect vectors. some monoxenous trypanosomatids present a symbiotic bacterium in the cytoplasm, which seems to promote biochemical and morphological changes in the host trypanosomatids, such as alter ... | 2006 | 16572337 |
| a 3-synapse positive feedback loop regulates the excitability of an interneuron critical for sensitization in the leech. | sensitization of reflexive shortening in the leech has been linked to serotonin (5-ht)-induced changes in the excitability of a single interneuron, the s cell. this neuron is necessary for sensitization and complete dishabituation of reflexive shortening, during which it contributes to the sensory-motor reflex. the s cell does not contain 5-ht, which is released primarily from the retzius (r) cells, whose firing enhances s-cell excitability. here, we show that the s cell excites the r cells, mai ... | 0 | 16571760 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a 15th symposium. abstracts. | the 15th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 71st annual meeting in vancouver, british columbia, canada, in april 2005. the principal objective, as for the previous 14 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 40 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as po ... | 2005 | 16570381 |
| using green fluorescent malaria parasites to screen for permissive vector mosquitoes. | the plasmodium species that infect rodents, particularly plasmodium berghei and plasmodium yoelii, are useful to investigate host-parasite interactions. the mosquito species that act as vectors of human plasmodia in south east asia, africa and south america show different susceptibilities to infection by rodent plasmodium species. p. berghei and p. yoelii infect both anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi, which are found mainly in africa and asia, respectively. however, it was reported that ... | 2006 | 16569221 |
| ultra low volume aerosol application of deltacide (deltamethrin 0.5% w/v, s-bioallethrin 0.71% w/v & piperonyl butoxide 8.9% w/v) against mosquitoes. | insecticide in the form of space spray as an ultra low volume (ulv) aerosol are used during epidemics of vector borne diseases. deltacide, a formulation comprising of three chemicals viz., deltamethrin 0.5 per cent w/v, s-bio-allethrin 0.71 per cent w/v and piperonyl butoxide 8.9 per cent w/v is suitable for ulv application. as this combination is found to be effective in preventing resistance development tackling the population, which had already developed resistance and cause immediate mortali ... | 2006 | 16567869 |
| spatial and temporal structure of typhoid outbreaks in washington, d.c., 1906-1909: evaluating local clustering with the gi* statistic. | to better understand the distribution of typhoid outbreaks in washington, d.c., the u.s. public health service (phs) conducted four investigations of typhoid fever. these studies included maps of cases reported between 1 may - 31 october 1906 - 1909. these data were entered into a gis database and analyzed using ripley's k-function followed by the gi* statistic in yearly intervals to evaluate spatial clustering, the scale of clustering, and the temporal stability of these clusters. | 2006 | 16566830 |
| spatial variability in the density, distribution and vectorial capacity of anopheline species in a high transmission village (equatorial guinea). | malaria transmission varies from one country to another and there are also local differences in time and space. an important variable when explaining the variability in transmission is the breeding behaviour of the different vector species and the availability of breeding sites. the aim of this study was to determine the geographical variability of certain entomological parameters: human biting rate (hbr), sporozoitic index (si) for plasmodium falciparum and entomological inoculation rate (eir). | 2006 | 16556321 |
| [community participation in dengue prevention: an approach from the perspective of different social actors]. | to explore the perceptions about community participation in dengue fever control during formative research for a community project. | 2006 | 16555533 |
| the distribution of hatching time in anopheles gambiae. | knowledge of the ecological differences between the molecular forms of anopheles gambiae and their sibling species, an. arabiensis might lead to understanding their unique contribution to disease transmission and to better vector control as well as to understanding the evolutionary forces that have separated them. | 2006 | 16553960 |
| early determination of the reproductive number for vector-borne diseases: the case of dengue in brazil. | to evaluate a new method of deriving the reproductive number for vector-borne diseases from the early epidemic curves for vector-borne diseases with incubations in the vectors and in the hosts. | 2006 | 16553913 |
| development of a live attenuated dengue virus vaccine using reverse genetics. | there are four serotypes of dengue (den1-den4) virus that are endemic in most areas of southeast asia, central and south america, and other subtropical regions. the number of cases of severe disease associated with den virus infection is growing because of the continued spread of the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, which transmits the virus to humans. infection with den virus can result in an asymptomatic infection, a febrile illness called dengue fever (df), and the very severe disease called d ... | 2006 | 16553547 |
| inflammatory responses to migrating brugia pahangi third-stage larvae. | despite being central to parasite establishment and subsequent host pathological and immunologic responses, host-parasite interactions during early third-stage filarial larva (l3) migration are poorly understood. these studies aimed to define early tissue migration of brugia pahangi l3 in the gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) and measure host cellular responses during this period. gerbils were intradermally inoculated in the hind limb with 100 b. pahangi l3, and necropsies were performed at various ... | 2006 | 16552066 |
| comparative genomics of insect juvenile hormone biosynthesis. | the biosynthesis of insect juvenile hormone (jh) and its neuroendocrine control are attractive targets for chemical control of insect pests and vectors of disease. to facilitate the molecular study of jh biosynthesis, we analyzed ests from the glands producing jh, the corpora allata (ca) in the cockroach diploptera punctata, an insect long used as a physiological model species and compared them with ests from the ca of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus. the predicted genes wer ... | 2006 | 16551550 |
| reevaluation of the role of early trypsin activity in the transcriptional activation of the late trypsin gene in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | in the female mosquito aedes aegypti, trypsin expression is largely biphasic. early trypsin synthesis, which is regulated at the translational level relative to feeding, peaks in the first few hours post-blood meal. late trypsin expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, and peaks 18-24h post-blood meal. it was proposed that early trypsin activity released unknown factors during digestion of a meal that caused activation of transcription of the late trypsin gene. this connection betwe ... | 2006 | 16551547 |
| regulatory region of the vitellogenin receptor gene sufficient for high-level, germ line cell-specific ovarian expression in transgenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | vitellogenin receptor (vgr) is responsible for the receptor-mediated endocytosis of vitellogenin (vg) in the egg formation of an oviparous animal, including insects. little is known about regulation of vgr gene expression. we analyzed the upstream region of the vgr gene from aedes aegypti (aavgr) to identify regulatory elements responsible for its expression in germ cell-specific ovarian expression. experiments with genetic transformation using the transgene containing the 1.5-kb upstream portio ... | 2006 | 16551541 |
| adulticidal activity against stegomyia aegypti (diptera: culicidae) of three piper spp. | three piper species, piper longum, p. ribesoides and p. sarmentosum, were selected for investigation of adulticidal potential against stegomyia aegypti, a main vector of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. successive extraction by maceration with 95% ethanol showed percentage yields of ethanolic extracts, which derived from p. longum, p. ribesoides and p. sarmentosum, of 8.89, 3.21 and 5.30% (w/w), respectively. all piper extracts illustrated an impressive adulticidal activity when tested agai ... | 2006 | 16547577 |
| construction of a single nucleotide polymorphism linkage map for the silkworm, bombyx mori, based on bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences. | we have developed a linkage map for the silkworm bombyx mori based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) between strains p50t and c108t initially found on regions corresponding to the end sequences of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones. using 190 segregants from a backcross of a p50t female x an f1 (p50t x c108t) male, we analyzed segregation patterns of 534 snps between p50t and c108t, detected among 3840 pcr amplicons, each associated with a p50t bac end sequence. this enabled us ... | 2006 | 16547112 |
| cytokine profiles of filarial granulomas in jirds infected with brugia pahangi. | a granulomatous inflammatory response develops in jirds infected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with filarial nematodes namely brugia pahangi and b. malayi. previous studies by light and electron microscopy have shown cellular inflammatory responses in and around these granulomas. furthermore, the cellular inflammatory responses of granulomas found in the lymphatics and peritoneal cavity appear to be similar. the purpose of this study was to determine the cytokine profiles of granulomas in ... | 2006 | 16542426 |
| salivary apyrases of triatoma infestans are assembled into homo-oligomers. | apyrase activity is present in the saliva of haematophagous arthropods. it is related to blood-feeding because of the apyrase ability to hydrolyse adp, a key component of platelet aggregation. five apyrases with apparent molecular masses of 88, 82, 79, 68 and 67 kda were identified in the saliva of the vector of chagas disease, triatoma infestans. the large size observed during purification of these enzymes suggested oligomerization. in the present study, we confirmed, using gel-filtration and a ... | 0 | 16542158 |
| comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis. | immune responses to sandfly saliva have been shown to protect animals against leishmania infection. yet very little is known about the molecular characteristics of salivary proteins from different sandflies, particularly from vectors transmitting visceral leishmaniasis, the fatal form of the disease. further knowledge of the repertoire of these salivary proteins will give us insights into the molecular evolution of these proteins and will help us select relevant antigens for the development of a ... | 2006 | 16539713 |
| differential identification of ascogregarina species (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) by polymerase chain reaction. | we report 2 polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods for distinguishing morphologically similar gregarine species based on amplification of variable regions of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal dna. the gregarines we investigated were ascogregarina barretti (vavra), a. culicis (ross), and a. taiwanensis (lien and levine), parasites of the mosquitoes ochlerotatus triseriatus (say), aedes aegypti (linnaeus), and ae. albopictus (skuse), respectively. these 3 important vector ... | 2005 | 16539016 |
| engineering rna interference-based resistance to dengue virus type 2 in genetically modified aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) were genetically modified to exhibit impaired vector competence for dengue type 2 viruses (denv-2). we exploited the natural antiviral rna interference (rnai) pathway in the mosquito midgut by constructing an effector gene that expresses an inverted-repeat (ir) rna derived from the premembrane protein coding region of the denv-2 rna genome. the a. aegypti carboxypeptidase a promoter was used to express the ir rna in midgut epithelial cells after ingestion of a bloodmea ... | 2006 | 16537508 |
| regulation of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (r2) in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides, a rate limiting step in dna synthesis. class i rnr is a tetramer that consists of two subunits, r1 and r2; enzymatic activity requires association of r1 with r2. the r2 subunit is of special interest because it dictates the interaction with r1 that is required for enzymatic activity expression, and it is expressed only during the s phase of the cell cycle. we previously sequenced an r2 cdna clone from the yellow feve ... | 2006 | 16530987 |
| isolation of a new strain of the flavivirus cell fusing agent virus in a natural mosquito population from puerto rico. | the genus flavivirus contains approximately 70 single-stranded, positive-sense rna viruses that are mosquito-borne, tick-borne or have no known vector. two discoveries support previous suggestions of the existence of a large number of unsampled flaviviruses: (i) a new flavivirus, kamiti river virus, was recently isolated from kenyan mosquitoes, and (ii) sequences with high similarity to those of flaviviruses have been found integrated into the genome of aedes mosquitoes, suggesting a past infect ... | 2006 | 16528021 |
| tetraethylammonium and nicotine transport by the malpighian tubules of insects. | we examined transepithelial transport of the prototypical type i organic cation (oc) tetraethylammonium (tea) and the plant alkaloid nicotine by the isolated malpighian tubules (mts) of nine insect species from six orders. isolated tubules were exposed to radiolabelled forms of either tea or nicotine in the bathing (basal) fluid. luminal (apical) secreted fluid was collected and tea or nicotine concentration was determined. active net transport of nicotine from bath to lumen was observed by the ... | 2006 | 16527303 |
| evaluating the costs of mosquito resistance to malaria parasites. | costly resistance mechanisms have been cited as an explanation for the widespread occurrence of parasitic infections, yet few studies have examined these costs in detail. a malaria-mosquito model has been used to test this concept by making a comparison of the fitness of highly susceptible lines of mosquitoes with lines that are resistant to infection. malaria infection is known to cause a decrease in fecundity and fertility of mosquitoes; resistant mosquitoes were thus predicted to be fitter th ... | 2005 | 16526504 |
| investigation of cuticular hydrocarbons for determining the age and survivorship of australasian mosquitoes. | the cuticular hydrocarbon (ch) technique of age grading mosquitoes was evaluated for use on laboratory-reared aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles farauti (laveran), and ochlerotatus vigilax (skuse). gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy was used to determine the relative abundance of five alkanes in hexane extracts from the legs of individual mosquitoes. age-related changes to relative hydrocarbon abundances were observed from an. farauti and ae. aegypti, which are vectors of malaria and dengue, respec ... | 2006 | 16525108 |
| a new clothing impregnation method for personal protection against ticks and biting insects. | the efficacy and residual activity of a factory-based, permethrin-impregnated military battle dress uniform (bdu) using a new polymer-coating technique has been evaluated by laboratory and field testing during deployment to afghanistan and compared with two commercially available, widely used dipping methods. residual permethrin concentrations and remaining contact toxicities on treated fabrics before laundering, after up to 100 launderings as well as after being worn-out during deployment were ... | 2006 | 16524779 |
| response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae to three xenobiotic exposures: larval tolerance and detoxifying enzyme activities. | the ability of mosquito larvae to tolerate toxic compounds (temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, toxic vegetable leaf litter) was examined on a laboratory larval strain of aedes aegypti l. bioassays and detoxifying enzyme activity measurements were performed to compare tolerance/resistance capacities. the possibility of a functional plasticity of detoxifying equipment was investigated through experimental determination of the inductive effect of each xenobiotic within a given gener ... | 2006 | 16519308 |
| conjugal transfer of a toxin-coding megaplasmid from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitocidal strains of bacillus sphaericus. | both bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. all the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pbtoxis. in an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pbtoxis plasmid was transferred to b. sphaericus by a mating technique. the resulting transconjugant bacteria ... | 2006 | 16517620 |
| minor proteins and enzymes of the drosophila eggshell matrix. | the drosophila eggshell provides an in vivo model system for extracellular matrix assembly, in which programmed gene expression, cell migrations, extracellular protein trafficking, proteolytic processing, and cross-linking are all required to generate a multi-layered and regionally complex architecture. while abundant structural components of the eggshell are known and are being characterized, less is known about non-abundant structural, regulatory, and enzymatic components that are likely to pl ... | 2006 | 16515779 |
| the evolution of the histone methyltransferase gene su(var)3-9 in metazoans includes a fusion with and a re-fission from a functionally unrelated gene. | in eukaryotes, histone h3 lysine 9 (h3k9) methylation is a common mechanism involved in gene silencing and the establishment of heterochromatin. the loci of the major heterochromatic h3k9 methyltransferase su(var)3-9 and the functionally unrelated gamma subunit of the translation initiation factor eif2 are fused in drosophila melanogaster. here we examined the phylogenetic distribution of this unusual gene fusion and the molecular evolution of the h3k9 hmtase su(var)3-9. | 2006 | 16512904 |
| a new recombinant mosquito salivary allergen, raed a 2: allergenicity, clinical relevance, and cross-reactivity. | mosquito salivary proteins cause allergic reactions in humans. the allergenicity, clinical relevance, and species cross-reactivity of a new 37-kda recombinant mosquito (aedes aegypti) salivary allergen, raed a 2, were evaluated. | 2006 | 16512811 |
| purification and crystallization of dengue and west nile virus ns2b-ns3 complexes. | both dengue and west nile virus infections are an increasing risk to humans, not only in tropical and subtropical areas, but also in north america and parts of europe. these viral infections are generally transmitted by mosquitoes, but may also be tick-borne. infection usually results in mild flu-like symptoms, but can also cause encephalitis and fatalities. approximately 2799 severe west nile virus cases were reported this year in the united states, resulting in 102 fatalities. with this alarmi ... | 2006 | 16511290 |
| the mushroom body defect gene product is an essential component of the meiosis ii spindle apparatus in drosophila oocytes. | in addition to their well-known effects on the development of the mushroom body, mud mutants are also female sterile. here we show that, although the early steps of ovary development are grossly normal, a defect becomes apparent in meiosis ii when the two component spindles fail to cohere and align properly. the products of meiosis are consequently mispositioned within the egg and, with or without fertilization, soon undergo asynchronous and spatially disorganized replication. in wild-type eggs, ... | 2006 | 16510791 |
| study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus against insecticides at international airports of south india. | a study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus was undertaken at international airports of thiruvananthapuram and cochin located in southern india. who standard test kits were used to conduct insecticide susceptibility tests against various organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates and synthetic pyrethroids. the results indicate that adult aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus were resistant to ddt and dieldrin, but susceptible to propoxur, fenitr ... | 2004 | 16509254 |
| spinosad: a new larvicide against insecticide-resistant mosquito larvae. | among the characteristics of spinosad that are worth noting is its environmentally favorable toxicity profile. it is a compound of biological origin, whose insecticide action is highly effective against a great number of insects. laboratory larval bioassays of spinosad on aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles gambiae (specimens that were either susceptible or resistant to pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates) showed that this product had a lethal action (mortality after 2 ... | 2005 | 16506584 |
| pyrethroid insecticide-resistant strain of aedes aegypti from cuba induced by deltamethrin selection. | a sample of aedes aegypti l. from santiago de cuba with a high level of deltamethrin resistance (113.7 x at the 50% lethal concentration [lc50]), was subjected to deltamethrin selection to determine the capacity of this population to evolve higher resistance under intensive laboratory selection pressure, to characterize that resistance, to attempt to identify some of the mechanisms involved, and to use it as a reference strain for future molecular research. high resistance developed after 12 gen ... | 2005 | 16506569 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of hilmilin against mosquitoes. | hilmilin (diflubenzuron), an insect growth regulator, was tested for efficacy against anopheles stephensi, anopheles culicifacies, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus in the laboratory and in field conditions. fifty percent and 90% lethal concentrations (lc50 and lc90) of hilmilin formulations were determined by exposing early 4th-stage larvae to serial dilutions of the formulation, and data were subjected to log probit analysis. two doses (0.004 and 0.008 g/m2) were applied in different b ... | 2005 | 16506568 |
| a novel high-throughput screening system to evaluate the behavioral response of adult mosquitoes to chemicals. | a modular and novel assay system for rapid mass screening of chemical compounds for contact irritant and spatial repellent actions against adult mosquitoes is described. the responses of aedes aegypti to various concentrations of 3 topical repellents, deet, bayrepel, and ss220, were evaluated. at treatment concentrations > or = 25 nmol/cm2 of ss220, mosquitoes exhibited significant contact irritant (escape) and spatial repellent (movement away from the chemical source) responses, whereas, a 10-f ... | 2005 | 16506566 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of active constituent derived from chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against 3 mosquito species. | mosqutio larvicidal activity of chamaecyparis obtusa leaf-derived materials against the 4th-stage larvae of aedes aegypti (l.), ochlerotatus togoi (theobald), and culex pipiens pallens (coquillett) was examined in the laboratory. a crude methanol extract of c. obtusa leaves was found to be active (percent mortality rough) against the 3 species larvae; the hexane fraction of the methanol extract showed a strong larvicidal activity (100% mortality) at 100 ppm. the bioactive component in the c. obt ... | 2005 | 16506565 |
| evaluation of extracts and oils of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) repellent plants from sweden and guinea-bissau. | in laboratory tests, ethyl acetate extracts of hyptis suaveolens poit. from guinea-bissau and rhododendon tomentosum (stokes) h. harmaja (formerly ledum palustre l.) and myrica gale l. significantly reduced probing activity of aedes aegypti (l.). in the field in southern sweden, extracts of leaves of r. tomentosum, m. gale, and achillea millefolium l. significantly reduced biting by aedes mosquitoes. volatile compounds from m. gale, r. tomentosum, a. millefolium, and h. suaveolens were collected ... | 2006 | 16506457 |
| role of egg buster in hatching of aedes aegypti: scanning electron microscopy study. | egg hatching has been studied in aedes aegypti (l.) through scanning electron microscopy. the first sign of egg hatching is a small protrusion on the eggshell in the anterior pole. the larval movement provokes a crack in the eggshell with the egg buster located in the dorsal head. the egg buster provokes a small transverse fissure in the eggshell that gradually increases in the chorion. then, the rupture is completed around the eggshell. the separation of the anterior pole occurs, showing the do ... | 2006 | 16506449 |
| evaluation of novel insecticides for control of dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | insecticides are one of the major tools for controlling vector populations and for reducing the transmission of human pathogens. however, there are few new insecticides being developed and marketed for vector control. herein, we report on the toxicity of six novel insecticides to both adult and larval aedes aegypti (l). and the toxicity of three novel insect growth regulators (igrs) to larvae. four insecticides were highly or moderately toxic to larvae with lc50 values of 16 (chlorfenapyr), 70 ( ... | 2006 | 16506447 |
| molecular and morphological characterization of aedes albopictus in northwestern greece and differentiation from aedes cretinus and aedes aegypti. | the presence of aedes albopictus (skuse) was recently confirmed for the first time in northwestern greece. this location is within the distribution range of a morphologically similar species, aedes cretinus edwards, and is a potentially favorable region for the reintroduction of aedes aegypti (l.). it was thus compelling to use methods in addition to morphology-based keys to correctly identify specimens badly damaged, rubbed, or otherwise altered in their external characteristics. it was decided ... | 2006 | 16506446 |
| repellent and deterrent effects of ss220, picaridin, and deet suppress human blood feeding by aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and phlebotomus papatasi. | a series of behavioral tests with aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles stephensi liston, mosquitoes, and the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi scopoli in the presence of deet, ss220, and picaridin topically applied to the skin of human volunteers showed that the insects were deterred from feeding on and repelled from surfaces emanating the compounds. when offered a 12- or 24-cm2 area of skin, one-half treated with compound and one-half untreated, the insects fed almost exclusively on untreated skin. the sa ... | 2006 | 16506445 |
| germ cell development in the honeybee (apis mellifera); vasa and nanos expression. | studies of specification of germ-cells in insect embryos has indicated that in many taxa the germ cells form early in development, and their formation is associated with pole plasm, germ plasm or an organelle called the oosome. none of these morphological features associated with germ cell formation have been identified in the honeybee apis mellifera. in this study i report the cloning and expression analysis of honeybee homologues of vasa and nanos, germ cell markers in insects and other animal ... | 2006 | 16503992 |
| secreted ferritin: mosquito defense against iron overload? | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, must blood feed in order to complete her life cycle. the blood meal provides a high level of iron that is required for egg development. we are interested in developing control strategies that interfere with this process. we show that a. aegypti larval cells synthesize and secrete ferritin in response to iron exposure. cytoplasmic ferritin is maximal at low levels of iron, consists of both the light chain (lch) and heavy chain (hch) subunits and reflects ... | 2006 | 16503479 |