Publications

a new chromogenic test for the detection of urokinase in the genus shigella.	a simple test for detection of urokinase in shigella is described. the test is performed by suspending a loopful of bacteria in 100 microliters of a buffered 1mm solution of benzoyl-beta-alanyl glycyl-arginyl-4-nitroanilide acetate (chromozym u). enzymatic activity is revealed by formation of a yellow colour after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees c. the test is able to differentiate serotypes of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii. the results suggest the possibility of incl ...	1987	3306294
adherence to and penetration of cultured cells by an invasive strain of escherichia coli: an ultrastructural study.	the penetration process of an enteroinvasive strain of escherichia coli 0124 into hep-2 cells has been studied by electron microscopy. bacteria penetrated into cultured cells by a phagocytosis-like mechanism, and multiplied within the vacuoles as well as in the cytoplasmic matrix. on the whole, the infection cycle of eiec appeared to be similar to that described for shigella. the stain examined has also been found to elaborate a 40 nm-thick glyocalix, which is probably involved in the recognitio ...	1987	3306293
the penicillins.	the penicillin family of antibiotics is ever expanding and remains an important part of our antimicrobial armamentarium. these medications generally have bactericidal activity, excellent distribution throughout the body, low toxicity, and efficacy against infections due to susceptible organisms. the clinical introduction of aqueous penicillin g for treatment of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections was an important pharmacologic landmark. the emergence of penicillinase-producing staphyloco ...	1987	3306181
plasmid-encoded expression of lipopolysaccharide o-antigenic polysaccharide in enteropathogenic escherichia coli.	the role of a plasmid in the virulence activity of an enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strain belonging to serotype 0111:nm was examined. epec strain b171, which is resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfathiazole, and tetracycline, harbors a 54-megadalton plasmid, pyr111, and exhibits localized adherence (la) with hela cells. curing the plasmid yielded strain b171-4, which had lost the ability to exhibit la, resistance to the antibiotics, and the lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-anti ...	1987	3305360
[cloning and primary structure of shigella toxin genes].		1987	3304914
[a reservoir of shigella of avian origin: herons and birds of prey of the zoological garden in tananarive].	the authors record the bacteriological characters of four shigella strains: s. dysenteriae 2 and s. boydii 9, respectively isolated in a bird-of-prey and in three herons, kept in the zoological garden in antananarivo. the significance of this malgasian avian reservoir of shigella is discussed.	1987	3304678
[reaction of the hematopoietic system in mice to the administration of virulent and avirulent strains of shigella flexneri 2a].	the influence of live bacteria and antigenic preparations of virulent and avirulent stains of shigella flexneri 2a on the endogenous splenic colony formation in murine hematopoietic cells has been studied. the different stimulating activity of live microbial cells of virulent and avirulent strains shigella flexneri 2a and their antigenic preparations on the endogenous colony formation has been shown. the effect observed depends on the preparation doses and time of their administration before irr ...	1987	3304434
water-melon as a vehicle of transmission of shigellosis.	an epidemic of shigella sonnei infection is described in which the only common source of infection was the ingestion of water-melon. bacteriological studies demonstrated that s. sonnei bacteria injected into water-melons could multiply to infective doses. therefore water-melons should not be excluded as a possible source of s. sonnei infection.	1987	3303300
[study of the sensitivity of enteropathogenic bacteria to nifurzide].	nifurzide, a synthetic antimicrobial agent of the nitrofuran group, was tested on 320 enteropathogenic bacteria. minimal inhibition concentrations (mic) (expressed in mg/l) were determined using the standard agar dilution technique. the mics were excellent for campylobacter spp. (97 strains), mic 50:0.5, mic 90:0.5; slightly higher for shigella spp. (50 strains) and aeromonas spp. (22 strains), mic 50:2, mic 90:4; and highest for salmonella spp. (100 strains) and yersinia enterocolitica (49 stra ...	1987	3302859
physicochemical characterization of a and b subunits of shiga toxin and reconstitution of holotoxin from isolated subunits.	the a and b subunits of shiga toxin were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and their physicochemical properties were examined. the a subunit of shiga toxin purified from culture supernatant was not nicked, but it could be nicked in vitro by trypsin. the isoelectric points of the a and b subunits were determined to be 8.2 and 5.8, respectively. amino acid compositions of the two subunits were also determined. the isolated a and b subunits were reconstituted to form active holotox ...	1987	3302622
shigellosis in bangladesh: a reply.		1987	3302055
clinical presentation of shigellosis during the 1984 epidemic of bacillary dysentery in west bengal.		1987	3301795
treatment of bacillary dysentery: a comparison between enoxacin and nalidixic acid.	a prospective randomized study has been conducted in rwanda to compare the efficacy of enoxacin versus nalidixic acid for the treatment of bacillary dysentery in adults. seventeen patients received nalidixic acid and 21 received enoxacin. all isolates (37 shigella, 1 campylobacter) were sensitive in vitro to the two drugs. all patients showed a favourable clinical and bacteriological response and the results obtained with both drugs were comparable. enoxacin seems to be a good alternative to nal ...	1987	3301783
antimicrobial therapy of non-typhi salmonella and shigella infection.		1987	3301781
[reye-like syndrome due to shigella flexneri in a child].		1987	3301584
shigella sonnei myocarditis.	a 19-year-old male was admitted to our department because of high fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. electrocardiogram (ecg) on admission revealed diffuse st-t changes which persisted for 5 days. stool culture grew shigella sonnei. we conclude that the infection with shigella sonnei was the cause for these findings which were most probably due to myocarditis. to the best of our knowledge myocarditis as a complication of shigella infestation has never been reported.	1987	3301121
ultrastructural study on the bacterial symbiont in giardia lamblia.		1986	3300600
live dysentery vaccine "vadizen" (t32-istrati) immunogenicity against shigella-like challenge in animals.		1986	3300598
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new monobactam, b0-1165.	b0-1165 is a 1-carboxy-1-cyclopropoxyamino,4-fluoromethyl monobactam. it inhibited the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, providencia stuartii, yersinia enterocolitica, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and salmonella and shigella species at less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml. overall, its in vitro activity was similar to that of aztreona ...	1987	3300528
corneal ulcer caused by shigella flexneri in an infant.		1987	3300355
multiple enteric pathogens in a patient with diarrhoea.	a woman who recently arrived in canada from india developed a febrile, diarrhoeal illness. stool culture revealed the presence of salmonella typhi, campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni and shigella flexneri. concurrent infection with these three pathogens does not appear to have been previously reported. the possibility of multiple pathogens should be considered in travellers who fail to respond to treatment of a single organism.	1987	3299934
[growth and development of a population of the causative agent during an infection].		1987	3299739
nucleotide sequence of the shiga-like toxin genes of escherichia coli.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the slta and sltb genes that encode the shiga-like toxin (slt) produced by escherichia coli phage h19b. the amino acid composition of the a and b subunits of slt is very similar to that previously established for shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1, and the deduced amino acid sequence of the b subunit of slt is identical with that reported for the b subunit of shiga toxin. the genes for the a and b subunits of slt apparently constitute an operon, ...	1987	3299365
shiga and shiga-like toxins.		1987	3299029
[determination of shigella sonnei in milk using the coagglutination reaction].		1987	3297931
characterization of outer membrane proteins of virulent phase i shigella sonnei strains and their avirulent phase i derivatives.	comparison of polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein profiles of four isogenic sets of virulent phase i sh. sonnei strains and their avirulent phase i cells revealed no differences in outer membrane protein composition between virulent and avirulent derivatives. however, significant qualitative and quantitative differences were found in composition of major outer membrane proteins between strains of different origin. all four strains tested contained one major protein of 33k. this protein wa ...	1986	3296995
humoral response in mice immunized with outer membrane proteins of shigella flexneri.	intraperitoneal immunization of mice with outer membrane proteins (omp) of sh. flexneri induced in the animals a synthesis of specific antibodies. their level determined by elisa test was found to be relatively low in the sera of animals immunized with a single dose (10 micrograms) of omp; it was markedly higher in mice immunized with two doses of omp, and very high after three fold immunization. the specific antibodies maintained in the animals for 8-16 weeks after immunization. anti-omp sera g ...	1986	3296993
shiga-like toxin production and attaching effacing activity of escherichia coli associated with calf diarrhea.	four hundred twenty-nine isolates of escherichia coli from calves were tested for the production of hela cell cytotoxin(s). isolates that produced enough cytotoxin to be detected in culture supernatants of iron-depleted broth were considered to produce increased amounts of cytotoxins. isolates also were tested for homology with a dna probe for a gene that encodes localized adherence of human enteropathogenic e coli. four isolates produced increased amounts of cytotoxin that was neutralized by sh ...	1987	3296889
[dynamics of bacterial polysensitization in acute dysentery in children depending on the species of the causative agent].	studies on polysensitization, evaluated by the neutrophil damage index, have been made with the use of dysenterin and the allergens of hemolytic staphylococci, enterococci and escherichia coli. the studies have revealed that both specific and nonspecific sensitization to hemolytic staphylococci and enterococci is higher in dysentery caused by shigella flexneri than in dysentery caused by s. sonnei and has the tendency to increase in the course of the disease.	1987	3296580
the relative activity of endotoxins of different origins in the lal gelation method and in the lal chromogenic substrate method.		1987	3295884
[analytical study of an epidemic of bacillary dysentery in rwanda. epidemiologic and bacteriologic aspects].	from january 1985 to march 1985, an epidemic of bacillary dysentery stroke one of the region in north rwanda. the area struck, only 160 km2, is densely populated (720 inhabitants/km2). multiresistant shigella dysenteriae n. 1 is the only responsible factor. the study of this epidemic shows that, from an endemic disease, burst out can occur in a narrow area and in a short interval of time (7 weeks). the main risk factors have been identified on individual as well as collective level. the authors ...	1987	3295462
[evaluation of the effectiveness of selective-differentiating culture media and their sets used to isolate shigella and salmonella].		1987	3295427
toxic megacolon complicating shigellosis.		1987	3295219
risk factors for development of hemolytic uremic syndrome during shigellosis.		1987	3295160
bacterial invasion of fibroblasts induces interferon production.	although bacteria and/or bacterial products have been shown to induce interferon (ifn) production in cells of the immune system, the ability of non-lymphoid cells to produce ifn in response to bacterial products and/or bacterial invasion is currently unknown. in this study we examined murine and human fibroblasts for their ability to produce ifn in response to challenge with the invasive bacteria shigella flexneri and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. both human and murine primary cell cultures p ...	1987	3295042
molecular cloning of invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes from shigella flexneri: analysis of ipa gene products and genetic mapping.	tn5-tagged invasion plasmid dna (pwr110) from shigella flexneri serotype 5 (strain m90t) was cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11. recombinant phage (lambda gt11sfl) expressing pwr110-encoded polypeptide antigens were identified by using rabbit antisera directed against s. flexneri m90t invasion plasmid antigens. antigens encoded by lambda gt11sfl recombinant phage were characterized by reacting affinity-purified antibodies, eluted from nitrocellulose-bound plaques of lambda gt11sfl rec ...	1987	3294797
biotyping of shigella sonnei (a note).	one thousand and fifty-nine shigella sonnei strains were submitted to biotyping and colicine typing. simultaneous use of biotyping and colicine typing may be considered of value in epidemiological tracing.	1988	3293342
analysis and genetic manipulation of shigella virulence determinants for vaccine development.	shigellosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. current epidemics of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 strains are particularly serious and are characterized by high mortality rates. a high proportion of the isolates are resistant to many of the antibiotics currently in use in these countries, a feature which seriously compromises clinical treatment of the infections. efficacious vaccines are thus urgently needed. basic studies on shigella virulence factors, infections in lab ...	1988	3291449
suggestion to supplement shigella flexneri classification scheme with the subserovar shigella flexneri 4c: phenotypic characteristics of strains.	a new serovar of shigella flexneri has been isolated with increasing frequency in the ussr. it has the antigenic formula iv:7,8. we suggest that it be incorporated into the classification scheme as s. flexneri subserovar 4c. the 212 strains of this proposed subserovar examined to date display biochemical and serological properties typical of the species, are sensitive to the genus-specific bacteriophage, and cause keratoconjunctivitis in the sereny test.	1988	3290245
[epidemic shiga bacillus dysentery in china].		1988	3289750
[a preliminary observation on the bactericidal effect of chlorinated trisodium phosphate].		1988	3289749
[an investigation on secondary attack rate in families and environment contamination of bacillary dysentery in urban and rural areas].		1988	3289748
[changes in the degree of sensitivity to antibiotics of shigella isolated from patients with dysentery in a city infectious disease hospital over the past 8 years].	changes in sensitivity of shigella and in particular shigella flexneri isolated from dysentery patients in a city infection hospital within 8 years i.e. from 1977 to 1985 were followed. it was shown that the changes were to the greater extent connected with preferable use of certain antibiotics in the hospital.	1988	3288150
survival of enteric pathogens in common beverages: an in vitro study.	this in vitro study was undertaken to determine the potential for survival of enteric pathogens in common drinking beverages. three carbonated soft drinks, two alcoholic beverages, skim milk, and water were inoculated with salmonella, shigella, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, and quantitative counts were performed over 2 days. our studies showed poorest survival of all three organisms in wine, and greatest growth in milk and water. beer and cola allowed survival of small numbers of salmone ...	1988	3287903
detection of specific bacterial enzymes by high contrast metal chelate formation. part ii. specific detection of escherichia coli on multipoint-inoculated plates using 8-hydroxyquinoline-beta-d-glucuronide.	the use of 8-hydroxyquinoline-beta-d-glucuronide for the demonstration of beta-glucuronidase activity within the family enterobacteriaceae has been investigated. the compound has been shown to be an effective substrate for the bacterial enzyme and the michaelis constant for the association has been determined. a multipoint-inoculated method was employed to test 400 routine clinical isolates including those of urinary and faecal origin. when grown on an agar-based medium containing the substrate ...	1988	3287802
[clinico-immunological characteristics of mixed intestinal infections in children].		1988	3287323
large plasmid in shigella boydii is responsible for epithelial cell penetration.	a large plasmid in a virulent shigella boydii 5 strain was transferred to plasmid-cured avirulent strains of s. boydii 5, s. boydii 12, s. sonnei form ii, and escherichia coli k12. the transconjugants acquired the ability to invade tissue culture cells, which indicated that the large plasmid in s. boydii is responsible for epithelial cell invasiveness.	1988	3287107
escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen. results of a one-year, prospective, population-based study.	to examine the incidence of escherichia coli o157:h7 enteric infections in the united states and to evaluate the vehicles of transmission for sporadic cases, we conducted a one-year, population-based study at a large health maintenance organization (hmo) in the puget sound area of washington state. all stool specimens submitted for culture to the hmo laboratory were screened for e coli o157:h7; the organism was identified in 25 (0.4%) of 6485 stool specimens. all patients with e coli o157:h7 ide ...	1988	3286919
conservation of an atp-binding domain among reca proteins from proteus vulgaris, erwinia carotovora, shigella flexneri, and escherichia coli k-12 and b/r.	the purified reca proteins encoded by the cloned genes from proteus vulgaris, erwinia carotovora, shigella flexneri, and escherichia coli b/r were compared with the reca protein from e. coli k-12. each of the proteins hydrolyzed atp in the presence of single-stranded dna, and each was covalently modified with the photoaffinity atp analog 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8n3atp). two-dimensional tryptic maps of the four heterologous reca proteins demonstrated considerable structural conservation ...	1988	3286605
synthetic peptides of shiga toxin b subunit induce antibodies which neutralize its biological activity.	shiga toxin b chain, the binding subunit of shiga toxin, was recently purified; and the amino acid sequence of this 7,716-dalton polypeptide was determined (n.g. seidah, a. donohue-rolfe, c. lazure, f. auclair, g. t. keusch, and m. chretien, j. biol. chem. 261:13928-13931, 1986). in the present study, synthetic peptides corresponding to three overlapping sequences from the n-terminal region of this subunit were prepared. the peptides synthesized consisted of residues 5 to 18, 13 to 26, and 7 to ...	1988	3286503
a new simplified assay for evaluation of motile activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	we studied the adaptation of a filtration instrument to an assay for cell migration experiments. the commercially available nuclepore filter holders were modified so that isolated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) were allowed to penetrate a porous filter membrane and to enter a compartment under the membrane. the total number of pmns which had passed the pores during an hour of incubation could be counted. in this way we carried out experiments using shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide a ...	1988	3286487
clinical experience during a large shigella sonnei outbreak: when the "hoofbeats" were really "zebras".		1988	3285311
[use of the reaction of macrophage disappearance from peritoneal exudate for characterizing cellular immunity in salmonella immunization].	the test of macrophage disappearance from peritoneal exudate quite effectively shows the state of cell-mediated immunity in guinea pigs immunized with both live and killed s. typhimurium culture. the macrophages of the animals immunized with killed s. typhimurium culture react to the protein extract of these bacteria more actively than the macrophages of the animals immunized with killed s. sonnei cultures, which indicates the specificity of this test.	1988	3284256
[isotypic characteristics of serum and secretory o antibodies and local immunological memory in the parenteral immunization of guinea pigs with a ribosomal shigella vaccine].	guinea pigs were immunized subcutaneously with ribosomal vaccine prepared from s. sonnei and their systemic and local humoral response was studied by means of elisa techniques with the use of monospecific antisera to guinea pig iga and igg. injection of the ribosomal vaccine leads to a significant rise in the levels of iga o-antibodies in tears, igg and iga o-antibodies in the serum. the presence of iga o-antibodies in tears was seemingly the result of their local synthesis rather than the seepa ...	1988	3284254
association of pathogens with the intestinal mucosa and the design of vaccines.		1988	3283533
serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and natural immunity to shigellosis in an israeli military population.		1988	3283258
pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea: evidence for a developmentally regulated glycolipid receptor for shigella toxin involved in the fluid secretory response of rabbit small intestine.	shigella toxin reproduces the major manifestations of shigellosis in ligated intestinal loops from adult rabbits and binds to a microvillus membrane (mvm) glycolipid receptor, globotriaosylceramide (gb3). because neonatal human shigellosis is uncommon, we used the animal model for obtaining mvms from rabbits of different ages to determine the presence of toxin receptors and gb3 and to measure the fluid secretory response to toxin in ligated ileal loops. a single class of mvm receptors for 125i-l ...	1988	3283253
reaction of anti-hla-b monoclonal antibodies with envelope proteins of shigella species. evidence for molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies.	immunologic cross-reactivity between enteric bacteria and the hla-b27 protein may play a role in the etiology of reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. the reactivity of two anti-b27 mab (b27m1 and b27m2) with envelope proteins of shigella flexneri isolated from reiter's syndrome patients was studied by western blot analysis. proteins with an apparent mr of approximately 36 and 23 kda reacted with both mab in ascites. mab against related hla class i ag b7 and b40 did not react with the 23 kda ...	1988	3283236
identification of a chromosomal gene controlling temperature-regulated expression of shigella virulence.	genes required for the full expression of shigella virulence are on both the chromosome and a large virulence-associated plasmid. expression of one or more virulence (vir) genes is temperature-regulated, wild-type strains being virulent (invasive) when grown at 37 degrees c but phenotypically avirulent (noninvasive) at 30 degrees c. a vir::lac operon fusion located on the virulence plasmid, which brings the lac genes under control of a temperature-regulated vir gene promoter, was used to select ...	1988	3282241
quality of commercially produced shigella serogrouping and serotyping antisera.	shigella grouping antisera from five manufacturers and typing antisera from two were purchased and evaluated with homologous and heterologous shigella strains in the slide agglutination test. only 31 of 73 (42%) antisera were satisfactory. in many instances, the antisera gave negative, as opposed to weak, reactions when they should have given strong positive reactions. four reagents cross-reacted with shigella strains. of the 19 polyvalent grouping antisera to subgroups shigella dysenteriae sero ...	1988	3281972
fatal shigellosis in a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) in the jos zoo, nigeria.	shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae was diagnosed in an adult male captive chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) which died suddenly after a brief recovery from illness lasting at least 3 wk. confirmatory diagnosis was based on postmortem examination and cultural isolation of shigella dysenteriae from the intestine, liver, lung, spleen and heart blood.	1988	3280840
tigemonam, an oral monobactam.	tigemonam is an orally administered monobactam. at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml it inhibited the majority of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter diversus, proteus spp., providencia spp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterocolitica. at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml it inhibited haemophilus spp., neisseria spp., and branhamella catarrhalis. it did not inhibit pseudomonas spp. ...	1988	3279906
[elimination of various virulence plasmids by antibiotics].	the pathogenicity of some enterobacteria is due to a plasmid encoding for outer membrane proteins or for toxins. the elimination of the plasmid gives a non-virulent strain. we have tried to eliminate plasmids encoding for the thermostable toxin of escherichia coli (plasmid pcsltl) or for the enteroinvasive property of shigella (plasmids pwr24, phw401, pwr110), of salmonella (plasmid psd6) and of yersinia (plasmids pyl4 and p4). the loss of plasmid was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis of ...	1988	3279385
combined parenteral and oral immunization results in an enhanced mucosal immunoglobulin a response to shigella flexneri.	achieving a vigorous secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) response in intestinal secretions usually requires multiple doses of antigen given orally, while systemic immunity is more easily attained by parenteral immunization. this study examines the role of combined parenteral and oral immunizations to enhance the early mucosal immune response to an enteropathogen. we have used a chronically isolated intestinal-loop model in rabbits as a probe to monitor kinetically the initial (primary) local immune ...	1988	3278985
a basic replicon of virulence-associated plasmids of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli is homologous with a basic replicon in plasmids of incf groups.	shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains carry a large (120- to 140-megadalton) plasmid called pinv, which contains genes essential for the invasiveness of these pathogens. hybridization with specific probes derived from the repfic and repfib replicons of the incf1 ent plasmid p307 showed that pinvs present in 35 clinical isolates are homologous with repfic but not repfib, regardless of the serogroup of the shigella or e. coli strain. repfic of p307, in turn, is very similar ...	1988	3278983
shigella bacteremia.		1988	3277577
site of action of a vero toxin (vt2) from escherichia coli o157:h7 and of shiga toxin on eukaryotic ribosomes. rna n-glycosidase activity of the toxins.	the site of action of a vero toxin (vt2 or shiga-like toxin ii) from enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 on eukaryotic ribosomes was studied. treatment of eukaryotic ribosomes with either toxin caused the release of a fragment of 400 nucleotides from 28s ribosomal rna when the isolated ribosomal rna was treated with aniline. release of this fragment with aniline treatment was accompanied by inhibition of protein synthesis and of elongation-factor-1-depe ...	1988	3276522
shigellosis associated with recreational water contact in los angeles county.	an outbreak of shigellosis associated with swimming at a human-made lake during the labor day weekend occurred in los angeles county in 1985. sixty-eight persons had onset of diarrheal illness within 1 week following exposure at the recreational site. thirty-three of these cases were culture-confirmed as shigellosis (29 shigella sonnei, 4 shigella boydii). fifteen persons were hospitalized. illness was highly associated with water contact, specifically swallowing water while swimming (p less tha ...	1988	3275140
circulation flow of enteropathogenic bacteria in institutionalized children. i. an epidemiologic study.	the circulation flow and maintenance of enteropathogenic bacteria were studied from may 1982 to april 1983 in a population of institutionalized children and adult staff contacts in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. subjects were assigned to three groups: a and b, included, respectively, 105 and 46 children with diarrhea who were admitted in the institution in different periods, and group c with 82 adult contacts. faecal cultures were positive in 35.2%, 39.1% and 19.7% of subjects of groups a, ...	1988	3271943
enteropathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides by oral inoculation in adult conditioned rabbits.	to study presumptive diarrhoeagenic and invasive properties of plesiomonas shigelloides, adult conditioned rabbits (n = 75) were fed 10(10) cfu of 3 isolates (2 from diarrhoea patients and one from river water) of the organism, and one isolate of shigella sonnei (from a dysentery patient as positive control) or brain-heart infusion broth (as negative control). each rabbit received in succession i.v. cimetidine (50 mg/kg body weight), two 15 ml oral doses of 5% nahco3 at 15 and 30 minutes respect ...	1988	3270456
effect of recent antibacterial agents against bacteria causing diarrhoea.	the susceptibility of 424 bacterial isolates causing diarrhoea were tested by agar dilution technique on mueller-hinton agar against amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. the bacterial species included were aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, pleisomonas shigelloides, salmonella spp., shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the most active compounds were the fluorinated 4-quinolones ...	1988	3266900
can the case-control method be used to assess the impact of water supply and sanitation on diarrhoea? a study in the philippines.	this study had 2 objectives: 1) to determine whether a case-control approach is an effective measure for assessing the effect of improved sanitation on bacterial diarrhea, and 2) to assess the effects of environmental sanitation on diarrheal disease in cebu. the study took place during the warm, rainy months (july-september) of 1985. the study population consisted of 281 children under 2 who were treated at 1 of 16 clinics for diarrhea due to escherichia coli, salmonella, shigella, and vibrio ...	1988	3264764
immunizing the children of the world: progress and prospects.	the expanded program on immunization was initiated by the world health organization in 1974. in 1984, the world bank, the un development program, the un children's fund, the world health organization, and the rockefeller foundation formed the task force for child survival, which, along with private and voluntary groups mobilizes support for the immunization program. with collaboration from the us centers for disease control, the world health organization has produced training materials for use ...	1988	3264762
in vitro activity of an oral iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, r-3746.	the in vitro activity of r-3746, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a ch2och3 moiety at position 3, was compared with those of other antibiotics. r-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups a, b, c, f, and g) and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. ninety percent of beta-lactamase-produci ...	1988	3260766
absence of antienterobacteriaceae and anti-hla-b27 antibodies in mitogen stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from patients with reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis.	lymphocytes from hla-b27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis or reiter's syndrome and from matched controls were cultured with pokeweed mitogen and heat-killed s. aureus bacteria under conditions designed to maximize immunoglobulin production. despite the secretion of microgram quantities of immunoglobulin, which were not significantly different in patients and controls, only negligible amounts of igm, igg and iga antibodies to campylobacter, shigella and yersinia were detectable. in a ...	1988	3258921
phagocytic and bactericidal properties of macrophages of mice immunized with outer membrane proteins (omp) of shigella.	macrophages obtained from peritoneal exudates of mice immunized with the single doses (1 and 5 micrograms) of omp were shown to have stronger phagocytic as well as bactericidal properties in relation to shigella flexneri bacilli than nonactivated macrophages. macrophages from the animals immunized with 10, 20 and 30 micrograms omp doses showed phagocytic and bactericidal properties similar to those of nonactivated macrophages while the immunization with the dose 50 micrograms resulted in their s ...	1988	3254119
acute diarrhoeal disease in nigeria: detection of enteropathogens in a rural sub-saharan population.	a retrospective study was carried out to obtain epidemiological data concerning the relative risk of shigella, salmonella, campylobacter jejuni and vibrio cholerae infection in several rural population groups. faecal samples (rectal swab specimens) were cultured from 914 selected children with acute diarrhoeal disease and from a matched control group of 984 non-diarrhoeal children. shigella were more frequently isolated than the other enteropathogens from both the diarrhoeal (12.7%) and control ...	1988	3252601
[a new rapid antibiotic susceptibility test for enteric bacteria using a color change method].	the rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests that have been developed so far cannot be used in daily work, because of their many difficulties and disadvantages. we have developed a new antibiotic susceptibility test for enteric bacteria which gives the result in 4 hours, easy to perform and inexpensive. this method depends upon the mechanism which detects the acid formed by the bacteria, by the change of the color of the ph indicator in the medium. the susceptibility of 110 different isolates of en ...	1988	3252116
epidemiological and clinical characteristics of shigellosis in rural bangladesh.		1988	3251937
differences among shigella spp. in susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human serum.	clinical isolates of shigella spp. were examined for their susceptibility to human serum. the susceptibility of the strains to immune and nonimmune human serum was dependent upon the size of the bacterial inoculum and the concentration of serum. there were differences among shigella spp. in susceptibility to human serum: s. sonnei strains were the least susceptible, strains of s. boydii and s. flexneri serotype 6 were intermediate, and those of s. flexneri other than serotype 6 and s. dysenteria ...	1988	3246597
[biological properties of bacteria in the genus shigella].		1988	3245360
molecular characterization of virulence plasmid in shigella species.		1988	3244165
[coproculture of the animals at the zoological park of tananarive with isolation of bacteria of the genera shigella, kluyvera, pseudomonas, xanthomonas].		1988	3242428
shiga toxin: production and purification.		1988	3231098
evaluation of a latex agglutination test for the detection of salmonella and shigella spp. by using broth enrichment.	we evaluated the bactigen salmonella-shigella latex agglutination slide test (wampole laboratories, div. carter-wallace, inc., cranbury, n.j.) for detection of salmonella and shigella spp. in enrichment broth cultures (gram-negative broth incubated for 24 h) as part of the routine testing of stool samples. a total of 1,128 stool samples were screened by using this test. of 29 samples culture positive for salmonella spp., 25 were positive with the salmonella test (sensitivity, 86.2%; specificity, ...	1988	3230129
susceptibility of epidemic strains of shigella to ofloxacin and other antimicrobials.		1988	3229803
[the mechanism of action of shiga toxin].		1988	3229307
survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination.	the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ...	1988	3223766
mecillinam: a potential anti-shigella agent.		1988	3220576
prescribing for diarrheal diseases.	a medical audit was conducted to evaluate prescriptions for diarrhea in the ward and clinic of the pediatric gastroenterology unit of the postgraduate institute of medical education and research, chandigarh, india. the sample consisted of 54 prescriptions from the ward and 105 from the clinic, written by consultants, senior and junior residents. organisms isolated were shigella, salmonella, e. coli, acid fast bacilli, giardia and rotavirus. nonspecific diarrhea included lactose intolerance as ...	1988	3220563
[which are the most frequently occurring enteropathogenic bacteria in clinical practice?].	diarrhea is an increasingly frequent clinical finding in swiss medical practice. one reason is the volume of tourism in countries with different climatic and social circumstances. to obtain an overview of the enteropathogenic bacteria spectrum as a cause of diarrhea, we analyzed 11,163 stool specimens from a representative group of patients throughout switzerland. enteropathogenic bacteria were found in 15.2% of all specimens; 50% were campylobacter jejuni/coli, 35% salmonella spp., 8% aeromonas ...	1988	3217775
isolation of enterobacteria from diarrhoeic west african dwarf goats.	an investigation was undertaken to determine enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of west african dwarf goats suffering from diarrhoea in the nsukka area of anambra state, nigeria. in one academic year a total of 37 enteric bacteria were successfully recovered aseptically from 35 faecal swabs from caprine species. the predominant enterobacteria pathogens isolated from diarrhoeic goats and their relative percentage frequency of isolation were: 27 escherichia (73%), 7 proteus (19%) and 3 shigella ...	1988	3216800
[increase in the sensitivity of shigella to antibiotics].	passages of 10 shigella strains for 10 times in meat-peptone broth supplemented with sodium nucleinate provided an increase in sensitivity of the cultures to levomycetin for a period of 264 hours. in three strains of s. sonnei, s. flexneri and s. newcastle the authors observed an increase in sensitivity to tetracycline, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin. some nitrous bases included in sodium nucleinate were also able to increase antibiotic sensitivity in shigella.	1988	3214209
rarely occurring shigella serovars.	in addition to the predominant shigella sonnei, also rarely occurring shigella serovars have been found in czechoslovakia: 4 serovars of subgroup a (s. dysenteriae 3, 4, 7 and 12) and 11 serovars of subgroup c (s. boydii 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 lactose-positive, 10, 13, 14 aerogenic, mannitol-negative, 15, 16 and the provisional serovar e 16553). first isolations of these serovars were mostly connected with cases imported from abroad. some serovars were isolated repeatedly. newly recognized serovars of s. ...	1988	3195258
the microbial causes of diarrhoea in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	diarrhoea is common in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we sought the cause of diarrhoea in all hiv antibody-positive patients with diarrhoea who presented at st stephen's hospital, london over a period of 15 months. altogether, 441 specimens from 179 patients were examined. infective causes were found in 86 (48%) patients. protozoa were the most common infecting organisms (30% patients). of these, cryptosporidium sp. was the most frequent (9.5% patients), followed ...	1988	3183401
the role of inflammation in the development of epiretinal membranes.	single or multiple (3) injections of "shigella" endotoxin were administered into the rabbit vitreous body to investigate the development of epiretinal membranes following intraocular inflammation. the evaluation included clinical assessment of the resulting traction retinal detachments, together with histological, autoradiographic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. traction retinal detachments were found beneath fibroglial epiretinal membranes (being more extensive in eyes which h ...	1988	3180837
multiply-resistant salmonella and shigella isolates.	emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance of salmonella species are of serious concern in several parts of the world where enteric fever and other forms of salmonellosis are endemic. a retrospective review of clinical microbiology culture logbooks at our institution identified 16 isolates of multiply-resistant salmonella (15) and shigella (1) species during the period from october 1985 to february 1987. all organisms were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa ...	1988	3179078
control of diarrhoeal diseases.	during its early years, who was primarily concerned with epidemic control, standardization and quality control of vaccines, and administration of the international sanitary regulations. among the acute enteric infections, cholera received the greatest attention because of its propensity for rapid epidemic spread. when the seventh pandemic of cholera began in 1961, who responded with a greatly expanded programme of activities which included cooperation with countries in training and control effor ...	1988	3176516
in vitro activity of lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198), a difluoroquinolone 3-carboxylic acid, compared with those of other quinolones.	lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198) is a new difluoroquinolone agent. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, salmonella spp., shigella spp., aeromonas spp., yersinia spp., haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. lomefloxacin inhibited 90% of pseudomonas aeruginosa at 4 micrograms/ml. lomefloxacin was equal in activity ...	1988	3164987
[characteristics of r plasmids expressed by dysenteric bacteria].	one hundred and eighty-six clinical strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated in the krasnodar region and krasnodar in 1982 from patients with acute intestinal diseases were studied. 137 strains of shigella were investigated in detail. it was shown that s. flexneri, s. sonnei, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae accounted for 77, 15, 5 and 2 per cent, respectively. 78.1 per cent of the wild shigella strains were resistant to antibiotics and in 43.9 per cent of the strains this property was controlled by c ...	1985	3161452