Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| rhinovirus enters but does not replicate inside monocytes and airway macrophages. | potential interactions between rhinovirus (rv) and both the airway macrophage and its precursor cell, the blood monocyte, were investigated in terms of direct binding, intracellular replication, cell survival, and cytokine production. when hela cell suspensions are inoculated with rv as a positive control, virus titer increases by 100-fold in the first 24 h, confirming intracellular replication. in contrast, rv titer in monocyte and macrophage suspensions steadily decreased. despite a lack of pr ... | 1996 | 8543813 |
| prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species. | since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (cdv) in 1987. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in north-western europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (pdv1). a serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently ... | 1993 | 8518442 |
| bronchiolitis. | 1993 | 8516237 | |
| canine distemper virus isolated from a captive seal. | 1993 | 8506602 | |
| enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus: rapid detection in nasopharyngeal secretions and evaluation of isolates representing different rsv subgroups. | the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) technique and by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) in 169 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions of infants and children with acute respiratory infections. of 31 samples positive by eia, 25 were positive by ifa. in 24 samples from a retrospective study, rsv positive by ifa and/or tissue culture isolation (tci), 22 were also positive by eia. the eia was also evaluated with 111 rsv isolates in hep2 cell ... | 1993 | 8505698 |
| [respiratory virus infections in children]. | eighty to ninety percent of pathogens responsible for acute respiratory infections in children are viruses, but despite advances in virology these organisms are isolated in only 20 to 45 percent of the cases. studies conducted outside hospitals have provided epidemiological data. the virus most frequently encountered is the respiratory syncytial virus. the main clinical feature of these respiratory viral infections is obstruction of the bronchioles, and their immediate or delayed danger is the r ... | 1993 | 8502648 |
| comparison of the vidas rsv assay and the abbott testpack rsv with direct immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates. | the sensitivity and accuracy of the vidas rsv assay in testing fresh specimens were 82.7 and 87.1%, respectively, whereas specimens previously frozen at -70 degrees c gave a sensitivity of 96.2% and an accuracy of 95.4%. the sensitivity and accuracy of abbott testpack rsv were 92.6 and 91.3% for fresh specimens and 86.8 and 88.1% for frozen specimens. the advantages and drawbacks of the two assays are discussed. | 1993 | 8501239 |
| identifying bovine respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridizations. | an assay to identify tissue culture cells infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) that utilizes reverse transcription (rt), the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe has been developed. the rt-pcr assay uses a brsv-specific negative-sense oligonucleotide primer to synthesize cdna from a brsv fusion protein mrna template and another brsv-specific oligonucleotide primer (positive sense) upstream from the negative-sense primer for pcr a ... | 1993 | 8501223 |
| monoclonal antibody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection and titration of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antibody in caprine and ovine sera. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-elisa), using two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), was established and compared with the virus neutralization test (vnt) for detecting specific peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (pprv) antibody in caprine and ovine sera. this technique was developed because vnt, the only available specific serological test for pprv and the cross-reactive rinderpest virus (rpv), is time-consuming and unaffordable for most laboratories in regions where both ... | 1993 | 8501207 |
| performance of the kallestad pathfinder enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | the kallestad pathfinder enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen was compared with virus culture and direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) to determine the reliability of the eia. during two consecutive winter respiratory seasons, 270 nasopharyngeal wash specimens were tested. rsv was detected in culture by the presence of cytopathic effect and/or an indirect immunofluorescence assay. the sensitivity of the pathfinder eia in comparison with isola ... | 1993 | 8495589 |
| cytologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a bone marrow transplant recipient. | cytologic examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a 6-year-old bone marrow transplant recipient revealed pulmonary infiltrates and occasional cells containing discrete pink cytoplasmic inclusions on a may-grunwald-giemsa stain. direct immunofluorescence stains of cytospins prepared from the same specimen were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). electron microscopy revealed occasional epithelial cells with cytoplasmic inclusions composed of filamentous virions. the patie ... | 1993 | 8493953 |
| the rhino-probe nasal curette for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in children. | during two outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, 68 children with acute respiratory illnesses were cultured for rsv using a rhino-probe (rp) nasal curette and either a nasopharyngeal (np) swab or a nasal wash (nw). in the first outbreak isolations of rsv by the rp nasal curette and np swab methods were compared. rsv was cultured from 25 of 42 (60%) subjects using the rp nasal curette and from 20 of 42 (48%) subjects using the np swab. in the second outbreak the rp nasal curet ... | 1993 | 8483627 |
| a case of recurrent guillain-barré syndrome preceded by different infections. | 1993 | 8482996 | |
| [viral pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome in an infant]. | 1993 | 8481328 | |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on binding of neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae type b to a human epithelial cell line (hep-2). | it has been suggested that individuals might be more readily colonized with bacteria that cause meningitis through enhanced binding of the bacteria to virus-infected epithelial cells. as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects infants and children in the age group also susceptible to bacterial meningitis, we tested the hypothesis that infection of hep-2 cells by rsv might enhance binding of neisseria meningitidis or haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). attachment of fluorescein-labelled bacter ... | 1993 | 8472778 |
| ozone effect on respiratory syncytial virus infectivity and cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages. | this study was performed to evaluate the effect of ozone (o3) exposure at 1 ppm for 2 hr on the susceptibility/resistance of adult human alveolar macrophages (am) to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vitro and on rsv-induced cytokine production by the am. am were first exposed to o3 or to filtered air and then infected with rsv at multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) of 0.1, 1.0, and 10. the percentage rsv-infected am and the amount of infectious virus released by the cells wer ... | 1993 | 8472647 |
| dolphin morbillivirus infection in different parts of the mediterranean sea. | morbillivirus were isolated from mediterranean striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) dying along the coasts of italy and greece in 1991. they were antigenically identical to the morbilliviruses isolated from striped dolphins in spain in 1990. | 1993 | 8470952 |
| immunogenicity and pathogenicity of a triple temperature-sensitive modified respiratory syncytial virus in adult volunteers. | the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of a strain of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus modified by sequential induction of three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations have been evaluated by intranasal administration to 22 adult volunteers. this modified virus, a triple ts mutant designated ts1c, was derived from a double mutant ts1b evaluated in a previous trial. the original isolate (strain rss-2) and all its derivatives were propagated throughout in human diploid cells in a specially assigned lab ... | 1993 | 8470433 |
| characterization of morbilliviruses isolated from dolphins and porpoises in europe. | a previously unidentified morbillivirus was isolated from two harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) that had died in the dutch waddensea (north sea) in 1990. this porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) and a dolphin morbillivirus (dmv), which had recently caused a heavy mortality in mediterranean striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), were compared antigenically with other members of the genus morbillivirus, including the newly recognized phocine distemper virus type 1. dmv and pmv proved to be similar ... | 1993 | 8468554 |
| evaluation of abbott testpack rsv for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | abbott testpack rsv, a 20-minute enzyme immunoassay, is available for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. we have compared testpack with a "gold standard" method of virus isolation in traditional tube cultures and shell vials to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this rapid method. respiratory specimens were collected prospectively from 402 children and assayed by the rapid antigen detection method and isolation in culture. virus was isolated by inocula ... | 1993 | 8467621 |
| evaluation of immunoglobulin e-specific antibodies and viral antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions of children with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | enzyme immunoassays were developed to detect the presence of specific immunoglobulin e (ige) antibodies and respiratory syncytial (rs) virus structural proteins in nasopharyngeal secretions in order to improve the knowledge on some aspects of the pathogenesis of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections caused by rs virus. these assays were used to analyze clinical specimens from children with rs virus-associated infections (bronchiolitis and pneumonia), and the findings were correlated wi ... | 1993 | 8463392 |
| commentary: ethics, ethics everywhere--ascertainment bias in new disorders. | 1993 | 8462322 | |
| absence of antibodies to avian pneumovirus in canadian poultry. | 1993 | 8456552 | |
| ribavirin effect on pulmonary function in young infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | to assess the effect of ribavirin on pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, we performed a randomized (nonmatched), double blinded, placebo-controlled study of 19 infants with rsv bronchiolitis. infants with underlying respiratory, cardiac or immunologic disease were excluded. patients were given ribavirin (10) or placebo (9) via an aerosol generator for 18 hours/day for 3 days. pulmonary function (dynamic compliance, total lung resistance) was calculated u ... | 1993 | 8451098 |
| historical cohort evaluation of ribavirin efficacy in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | evaluation of ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract is problematic because of multiple risk factors and variable severity of illness in respiratory syncytial virus-infected patients. to address these difficulties we used multivariate analysis and performed a historical concurrent cohort study in two children's hospitals one of which had used ribavirin since licensing and one that had not utilized ribavirin therapy. the medical records of 158 p ... | 1993 | 8451097 |
| more on rsv and ribavirin. | the description of teratogenic potential in rodents, rabbits, and hamsters from environmental exposure to ribavirin has raised concerns among caregivers. elimination of ribavirin use to avoid caregiver exposure is neither scientifically nor ethically justified because of its proven efficacy in the treatment of the potentially life-threatening disease of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants and young children. | 1993 | 8446486 |
| phocine distemper in a harp seal (phoca groenlandica) from the gulf of st. lawrence, canada. | the first case of phocine distemper in a seal from canadian waters and the first case of clinical phocine distemper in a harp seal, phoca groenlandica, is reported. a two-month-old female harp seal stranded on prince edward island in may 1991. significant clinical findings were lethargy and severe conjunctivitis. pulmonary congestion was the main necropsy finding, and histological lesions included diffuse demyelinating nonsuppurative encephalitis and mild multifocal interstitial pneumonia. acido ... | 1993 | 8445769 |
| histological investigations on the thyroid glands of marine mammals (phoca vitulina, phocoena phocoena) and the possible implications of marine pollution. | in 1988 and 1989, thousands of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) died in the north sea from phocine distemper infection. the morphology of thyroid glands from 40 harbor seals found dead on the north sea coastlines of schleswig-holstein, federal republic of germany, during an epizootic of phocine distemper, was compared with the morphology of thyroid glands from five healthy harbor seals collected in iceland. thyroid glands from seven harbor porpoises (phocoena phocoena) found dead in 1990 on the nor ... | 1993 | 8445768 |
| risk factors for mechanical ventilation in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in a prospective study, risk factors for mechanical ventilation were identified in 102 patients with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection admitted to the sophia children's hospital, rotterdam. age, weight on admission and prematurity were associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. using multivariate analysis, only low weight was an independent risk factor for mechanical ventilation. for infants weighing less than 5 kg the relative risk for mechanical ventilation was 4.4 (95% con ... | 1993 | 8444219 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on theophylline disposition. | 1993 | 8441116 | |
| antigenic and nucleic acid analysis of nosocomial isolates of respiratory syncytial virus. | monoclonal antibodies and ribonuclease protection were used to analyze antigenic and genomic diversity among 42 isolates of group a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from studies of nosocomial rsv carried out at the university of rochester during the 1974-1975 and 1975-1976 rsv seasons. three distinct subgroups or lineages and a total of 12 viral variants were present. against this background of diversity, an outbreak was recognized that included 13 indistinguishable isolates occurring during a ... | 1993 | 8440927 |
| a human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) primate model of enhanced pulmonary pathology induced with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine but not a recombinant fg subunit vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. rsv vaccine development has been stifled for the past 23 years because infants vaccinated with formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv have experienced exacerbated disease upon rsv infection. this exacerbated disease phenomenon is poorly understood, in part because of the lack of a primate model that exhibits a similar exacerbated disease state. vaccination of african green monkeys with either fi ... | 1993 | 8440926 |
| preterm twins and triplets. a high-risk group for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to assess the impact of multiple births and crowded homes on the severity of respiratory syncytial virus illness in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | 1993 | 8438813 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus protects cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most frequent cause of severe respiratory infections in infancy. no vaccine against this virus has yet been protective, and antiviral drugs have been of limited utility. using the cotton rat model of hrsv infection, we examined bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), a cause of acute respiratory disease in young cattle, as a possible vaccine candidate to protect children against hrsv infection. cotton rats were primed intranasally with graded do ... | 1993 | 8437227 |
| stability of respiratory syncytial virus antigen due to buffer treatment for direct detection in nasopharyngeal specimens with enzyme immunoassay. | we developed an enzyme immunoassay (direct eia; enzygnost rsv[ag]) for the direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (nps). the test procedure is the same as our recently described direct eia for detection of influenza a and b virus antigens in nps. for practical purposes it is of advantage to differentiate respiratory viruses on the same microtitration plate in the same run. the test shows no limitations by sample consistency, and results are obta ... | 1993 | 8426273 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. current trends: respiratory syncytial virus outbreak activity--united states, 1992. | 1993 | 8423643 | |
| the relationship of rsv-specific immunoglobulin e antibody responses in infancy, recurrent wheezing, and pulmonary function at age 7-8 years. | in order to determine if respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige responses at the time of bronchiolitis in infancy are related to recurrent wheezing and pulmonary function at 7-8 years of age, a cohort of 43 infants was identified at the time of their initial rsv bronchiolitis episode. rsv-specific ige responses in nasopharyngeal secretions were determined, and patients were then followed prospectively with notation of the number of wheezing episodes and exposure to cigarette smoke at hom ... | 1993 | 8419894 |
| the cytolytic activity of pulmonary cd8+ lymphocytes, induced by infection with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), correlates with resistance to rsv infection in mice. | previous studies demonstrated that the pulmonary resistance to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge induced by immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the m2 protein of rsv (vac-m2) was significantly greater 9 days after immunization than at 28 days and was mediated predominantly by cd8+ t cells. in this study, we have extended these findings and sought to determine whether the level of cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity measured in vitro correlates with the resi ... | 1993 | 8419638 |
| t cell redistribution kinetics after secondary infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | balb/c mice were infected intranasally with live respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and reinfected 4 weeks later. at regular intervals thereafter groups of animals were killed and t cell subsets were determined in blood, spleen and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) with flow cytometry employing t cell subset-specific moabs. total lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood decreased 1-3 days after infection, returning to preinfection levels on day 8 (p = 0.0111). simultaneously, a marked increase of lym ... | 1993 | 8419089 |
| current perspectives on respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of acute viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children. management of rsv infection has changed dramatically over the past 5 to 7 years because of (1) the advent of widely available rapid tests for its specific identification and (2) use of the antiviral agent ribavirin (virazole). although rsv infection remains a life-threatening disease, particularly in certain high-risk groups, appropriate management and judicious use o ... | 1993 | 8418452 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak activity--united states, 1992. | the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) was established in 1989 to monitor trends in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and rotaviruses in the united states and to provide information to public health officials and health-care providers about the presence of these viruses in their communities. based on reports of rsv detections to the nrevss, during the 1992-93 season, outbreaks of rsv had occurred in all regions of the united ... | 1993 | 8418399 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses: possible influence of other agents. the group health medical associates. | acute lower respiratory illnesses were prospectively investigated in a cohort of 1246 healthy infants who were enrolled at birth in the tucson children's respiratory study and followed through the first 3 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was documented by culture, antigen detection or both in 276 episodes. in 21 (7.6%) of these 276, other viruses were simultaneously detected. further serologic studies of 50 episodes in which rsv had been found increased the apparent vir ... | 1993 | 8417418 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: the expanded clinical spectrum. | 1993 | 8403743 | |
| atypical extrapulmonary presentations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring intensive care. | the patterns and nature of a four-month epidemic of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated disease were analyzed using presenting, demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data. of 218 infants with rsv infection admitted to rainbow babies and childrens hospital, 49 (22.4%), most born prematurely, entered the pediatric intensive care unit (picu). fluorescent antibody and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay documented rsv infection. picu patients underwent airway stabilization; 53.5% w ... | 1993 | 8403742 |
| development of a novel subunit vaccine that protects cotton rats against both human respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3. | a cotton rat model of experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of frhnp, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion glycoprotein of rsv and the attachment glycoprotein of piv-3, as a single subunit vaccine against these two viruses. this work was prompted by previous cotton rat studies that demonstrated that the major protective antigens of the two viruses ... | 1993 | 8397289 |
| multiple amino acid substitutions in the hn protein of the paramyxovirus, sv5, are selected for in monoclonal antibody resistant mutants. | monoclonal antibody resistant (mar) mutants (which escaped antibody-mediated neutralization) were selected from simian (w 3) and human (ln) isolates of simian virus 5 (sv 5), using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for antigenic sites 4 and 5 on the hn glycoprotein. resistance correlated with an inability of the selecting antibody to bind with the respective mar mutants. sequence comparisons between parental and mutant hn proteins revealed multiple non-adjacent amino acid substitutions in th ... | 1993 | 8392321 |
| time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays with monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of parainfluenza type 4 and mumps viruses. | monoclonal antibodies were prepared to the f and m proteins of parainfluenza 4a and 4b and to mumpsvirus to obtain reagents that could be configured into type-specific yet broadly-reactive ifa, eia, and tr-fia tests. several antibodies to parainfluenza 4a also detected subtype 4b, although to a somewhat lower signal, and thus were well suited to generic parainfluenza type 4 tests that were comparable to similar tests previously described for parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3. monoclonals to subtyp ... | 1993 | 8390824 |
| the use of mdck, mek and llc-mk2 cell lines with enzyme immunoassay for the isolation of influenza and parainfluenza viruses from clinical specimens. | primary monkey kidney (pmk) epithelial cells or egg inoculation have been traditionally used for the culture of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. the high cost and variability of obtaining high quality pmk cells prompted us to investigate the use of other cell strains for the growth of these viruses. for this study we investigated three cell lines viz. mdck, mek and llc-mk2 for the culture of influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses. clinical specimens were spun onto cell monola ... | 1993 | 8390473 |
| rhinovirus infection associated with serious illness among pediatric patients. | rhinovirus is an important cause of respiratory infection among all age groups, but it is primarily thought of as being responsible for upper respiratory tract infection. rhinovirus was isolated from the respiratory tract of 48 pediatric patients who were hospitalized (40) or seen in a pediatric emergency room (8) during the period of july, 1985, through december, 1988. twenty-eight (58%) of the patients presented during the spring and early summer. forty-one (86%) of the 48 patients were less t ... | 1993 | 8387179 |
| sequence analysis of the large (l) protein of simian virus 5. | 1993 | 8385701 | |
| the antiviral activity of sp-303, a natural polyphenolic polymer, against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in cotton rats. | sp-303, a naturally occurring polyphenolic polymer (average m.w. = 2100 da), was tested in cotton rats (sigmoden hispidus) for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) viruses, and for acute toxicity. significant reductions in pulmonary rsv titers, compared to pulmonary rsv titers in comparably treated control animals, were seen in cotton rats given 1-10 mg sp-303/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 1 through to 3, after experimental inoculation ... | 1993 | 8384824 |
| report of a workshop on respiratory viral infections: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. | an international workshop to review the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory viral infections was held in turku, finland, in may 1991. this workshop emphasized the following points. (1) in epidemiological studies of influenza virus, serological, clinical, and gene-sequencing methods have been used to produce a full picture of genetic evolution. less complete information exists about other viruses, although new data on respiratory syncytial virus are emerging. (2) too ... | 1993 | 8383547 |
| poxvirus-induced alteration of arachidonate metabolism. | recent evidence suggests that orthopoxviruses have an obligate requirement for arachidonic acid metabolites during replication in vivo and in vitro. our report indicates that a virus family (poxviridae) possesses multiple genes that function to regulate arachidonate metabolism. analyses of bs-c-1 cells infected with cowpox virus or vaccinia virus detected enhanced arachidonate product formation from both the cyclooxygenase (specifically prostaglandins e2 and f2 alpha) and lipoxygenase (specifica ... | 1993 | 8383332 |
| isolation of seven respiratory viruses in shell vials: a practical and highly sensitive method. | the isolation of respiratory viruses in shell vials was compared with isolation in tube cultures in order to determine the sensitivity of the former, rapid method. twenty of 21 influenza virus and 15 of 15 parainfluenza virus isolates were recovered in shell vials. one hundred twenty-seven of 138 respiratory syncytial virus isolates were detected in shell vials, but only 10 of 21 adenovirus isolates were positive by the rapid method. shell vials are very effective for the diagnosis of respirator ... | 1993 | 8381816 |
| wild ducks are the reservoir for only a limited number of influenza a subtypes. | analysis of cloacal samples collected from 12,321 wild ducks in alberta, canada, from 1976 to 1990 showed influenza a infections to be seasonal, with prevalences increasing as the population became increasingly more dense. viruses with 3 haemagglutinin (h3, h4, and h6) and 3 neuraminidase subtypes (n2, n6, and n8) were found consistently to infect both adult and juvenile ducks each year, indicating that wild ducks may be a reservoir for these viruses. in contrast, viruses with 7 haemagglutinin ( ... | 1993 | 8381747 |
| acute lower respiratory illnesses during the first three years of life: potential roles for various etiologic agents. the group health medical associates. | lower respiratory tract illnesses (lris) occurring during the first 3 years of life among children enrolled in the tucson children's respiratory study have been studied for evidence of viral, mycoplasmal and chlamydia trachomatis infections. this report examines those from whom adequate acute and convalescent sera were available at the time of the lri. two groups were compared: those in whom culture and/or antigen detection yielded an etiologic agent (n = 110); and those who did not (culture neg ... | 1993 | 8380234 |
| immunogenicity of purified f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus: clinical and immune responses to subsequent natural infection in children. | purified f glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv, subgroup a antigenic type) was evaluated in 18- to 36-month-old children as a vaccine. children had been previously infected with rsv during natural outbreaks of the virus. single injections of 5, 20, or 50 micrograms of protein resulted in greater than eightfold increases in elisa and neutralizing antibodies. second doses of vaccine did not result in further boosts in antibody. neutralizing antibodies increased not only to the a2 an ... | 1993 | 8376814 |
| lung infections in children. | airway infections in children is a considerably broad topic. this discussion focuses on several common nonbacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae. in addition, the occurrence of two important bacterial causes of lower respiratory illness (bordetella pertussis and mycobacterium tuberculosis) is increasing. this review focuses on current information on the prophylaxis, treatment, and d ... | 1993 | 8374645 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and the sudden infant death syndrome. | 1993 | 8374197 | |
| cardiac arrhythmias as a manifestation of acquired heart disease in association with paediatric respiratory syncitial virus infection. | respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infection in infants. an association between rsv bronchiolitis and cardiac arrhythmias has been described but is rare. a further case of an infant with supraventricular tachycardia in association with culture-positive respiratory syncitial virus bronchiolitis is reported. this case prompted a review of the two other cases of arrhythmia associated with rsv infection seen at this institution and a review of al ... | 1993 | 8373680 |
| [clinical indications of an auxiliary effect of antihistamines (parenteral benadryl) in the treatment of rsv infections of cattle]. | the brsv-infection belongs to the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. because of its clinical features as well as pathomorphological and histopathological lesions it can be considered an independent disease. therefore, concepts of treatment deviating from conventional brd have to be applied. in addition to antibiotic therapy, therefore, the effect of treatment with the antihistamine diphenylhydramin (benadryl-parenteral, parke davis) was checked. for the evaluation the internal body temper ... | 1993 | 8368998 |
| respiratory syncytial virus. | a great deal of medical research and subsequent literature has been devoted to understanding and defining rsv as a dangerous respiratory pathogen. careful assessment and preventative measures are the hallmarks of nursing care for the infants or young children with rsv. acknowledging this seasonal virus and recognizing its potential effects, particularly on children and their families, is fundamental to the provision of effective pediatric health care. this appreciation is imperative in creating ... | 1993 | 8367331 |
| american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases: use of ribavirin in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 1993 | 8361820 | |
| antibody responses of children to the c-terminal peptide of the sh protein of respiratory syncytial virus and the immunological characterization of this protein. | the sh protein of rsv, a small integrated hydrophobic membrane protein, consists of 64 amino acid residues in the polypeptide of subgroup a and 65 amino acid residues in the polypeptide of subgroup b. we synthesized five peptides, representing the sh protein of each rsv subgroup comprised of the following amino acid residues: 2-16, 12-26, 35-49, 45-60, and for subgroup a, 51-64 and for subgroup b, 51-65. peptides 2-16 and 51-64/65 represented the n-terminal and c-terminal ends of the protein, re ... | 1993 | 8360632 |
| phocine distemper in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from long island, new york. | the first occurrence of phocine distemper (pd) disease in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the united states is reported. two seals stranded on long island, new york (usa) in february 1992 with clinical signs of respiratory distress, fever, and depression. pneumonia and diffuse pulmonary congestion were the most significant post mortem findings. on histologic examination one seal had a diffuse broncho-interstitial pneumonia with formation of syncytia. the principal lesion in the second animal ... | 1993 | 8355350 |
| serological evidence of pneumonia virus of mouse (pvm) infection in laboratory rats. | pvm specific antibody was determined using 3 serological tests (parker's original hemagglutination-inhibition [hi] test, modified hi test, and indirect fluorescent antibody [ifa] test). ifa test was found to be the most sensitive method, so that ifa test was considered to be the method of choice for a small scale microbiological monitoring in animal facilities. a total of 1,280 sera including rats, mice, hamsters and rabbits were tested for pvm antibody. the prevalence of pvm antibody was 17.2% ... | 1993 | 8354359 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in lower respiratory tract and asthma attack in hospitalized children in north hokkaido, japan. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is severe and life-threatening in some infants. to investigate the epidemiology of rsv infection in hospitalized children in north hokkaido, japan, we tried to detect rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) from those children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and asthma attack. from april 1991 to march 1992, 317 patients were hospitalized in our pediatric ward for the treatment of lrti and asthma attack. the presence of rsv antigen i ... | 1993 | 8351991 |
| inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants. | the activity of a number of detergents and disinfectants against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was evaluated in an in vitro assay system. equal volumes of rsv and serial 10-fold dilutions of the test agents were mixed at 4 degrees c for 5 minutes. the rsv titer in each mixture was compared with that of untreated rsv alone. in 14 experiments with input rsv titers ranging from 2.6 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml, a 10-fold dilution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (generic bleach) ina ... | 1993 | 8346001 |
| scientific literature on ribavirin should be "objectively reviewed". | 1993 | 8345974 | |
| restricted replication of respiratory syncytial virus in human alveolar macrophages. | the cellular factors that regulate infection and replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in human alveolar macrophages were examined. rsv-exposed alveolar macrophages demonstrated a time-dependent expression of viral glycoproteins, maximal by 24 h post-infection resulting in infection of approx. 38% of the cells. essentially all (33%) of these freshly isolated alveolar macrophages replicated rsv as shown by infectious centre assays. this rsv-permissive subpopulation of alveolar macropha ... | 1993 | 8345347 |
| priming immunization determines t helper cytokine mrna expression patterns in lungs of mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. | defining the mechanism for the vaccine-enhanced illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is critical for advancing rsv vaccine development. previous studies in which infants were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated whole virus did not protect from rsv infection, and those infected had a high incidence of severe illness. in contrast, previous clinical trials evaluating live attenuated rsv showed no associated vaccine-enhanced illness. we have used a mouse model ... | 1993 | 8345194 |
| respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of fever and petechiae in infants. | 1993 | 8344046 | |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. | infections with morbilliviruses have caused heavy losses among different populations of aquatic mammals during the last 5 years. two different morbilliviruses were isolated from disease outbreaks among seals in europe and siberia: phocid distemper virus-1 (pdv-1) and phocid distemper virus-2 (pdv-2) respectively. pdv-1 was characterized as a newly identified morbillivirus, most related to canine distemper virus (cdv), whereas pdv-2 most probably is a strain of cdv. morbilliviruses were also isol ... | 1993 | 8343804 |
| [viral epizootic in the marine seal calf (phoca vitulina) in 1988. epidemiological aspects]. | during the year 1988, an epizootic spread through european populations of harbour seals (phoca vitulina). the first studies shed light on the importance of a new morbillivirus, close to canine distemper virus but different. however, other factors, like pollution by polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) compounds may have played a part in the epizootic by increasing mortality. up to then virology and pathology of wild populations of seals were not well known. this epizootic was an opportunity to learn a ... | 1993 | 8343803 |
| [effect of the humoral immune response on the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection]. | direct cytopathic effects and components of the humoral immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. using synthetic peptides as an analytical tool, it could be demonstrated that the primary immune response of young children is directed against other epitopes compared to the situation in adults. rsv-specific antibodies are not only considered to possess protective properties but also to contribute to the pathogenesis of the infection. in our ... | 1993 | 8335338 |
| suspected paramyxovirus 3 infection associated with pancreatitis and nervous signs in neophema parakeets. | 1993 | 8333118 | |
| hospitalization of jewish and bedouin infants in southern israel for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | we conducted a prospective study to determine the clinical picture and impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis of pediatric patients less than 2 years of age belonging to two different ethnic groups in southern israel: jews and bedouins. all patients younger than 2 years of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis during a typical rsv season were enrolled. during the study period 120 patients with bronchiolitis were hospitalized, and 83 (69%) were rsv-pos ... | 1993 | 8327298 |
| a lamb model for human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. the development of an animal model of rsv disease serves to better understanding the pathophysiology of airway disease from rsv infection in infants and children. groups of six lambs were inoculated intratracheally (it) or intranasally (in) with a human strain of rsv (h-rsv). for controls 8 lambs received it virus-free cell lysate. tachypnea and fever were observed significantly more o ... | 1993 | 8327277 |
| immunogen-induced enhanced pulmonary histopathology in the rsv cotton rat model. | 1993 | 8322496 | |
| lack of detectable enhanced pulmonary histopathology in cotton rats immunized with purified f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) when challenged at 3-6 months after immunization. | the cotton rat model has been used to evaluate the potential for immunogens to induce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-enhanced pulmonary histopathology. a recent study evaluated purified f protein in this model when animals were challenged intranasally with rsv 3 or 6 months after immunization. the authors concluded that the purified f protein was associated with the same level of histopathological changes as observed with the positive control, a formalin-inactivated rsv immunogen. three patho ... | 1993 | 8322482 |
| predictors of outcome of severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | to examine the extracorporeal life support organization registry data base for all infants and children with respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure managed with extracorporeal life support, to delineate predictors of outcome. | 1993 | 8320624 |
| [pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus diagnosed by transtracheal aspiration in an adult]. | a healthy-looking 44-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and hemosputum. the chest roentgenogram on admission showed patchy infiltrates of the segment 3 and 8 of the right lung. laboratory studies showed a leukocyte count of 9700/microliters, erythrocytes sedimentation rate of 55 mm/hour and c reactive protein of 8.7 mg/dl. the arterial po2 was 71.9 torr while the patient was breathing room air. transtracheal aspiration was performed on admission, and strains and cu ... | 1993 | 8320466 |
| sp-303 small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza a virus infection in mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | a natural plant product, sp-303, was administered by small-particle aerosol to influenza a/hk virus-infected mice and rsv-infected cotton rats. aqueous sp-303 at 2 mg/ml in the collison nebulizer reservoir generated an aerosol with an output of 26 micrograms/l and a particle size distribution of 1.4 microns +/- 4.6 (mmad +/- gsd). sp-303 at a dosage of 0.5-9.4 mg/kg per day administered for 3-4 days significantly increased both the rate and duration of survival of mice lethally infected with inf ... | 1993 | 8317921 |
| bronchiolitis following infection in adults and children. | since its recognition as a clinical entity in the 1940s, our knowledge of bronchiolitis has grown with respect to the breadth of disease, epidemiology, treatment, and long-term effects. bronchiolitis occurs most commonly in infants and children in association with a predictably small number of respiratory pathogens. our knowledge of the association of bronchiolitis to subsequent wheezing is in a state of evolution. rarely, bronchiolitis may progress to a chronic obstructive process, bronchioliti ... | 1993 | 8313669 |
| [acute parotitis in children previously vaccinated against mumps]. | children who had previously received morbilli-(mumps) rubella (mmr) vaccine developed parotid swelling which was diagnosed as acute parotitis 7 days to 2 years following inoculation. blood samples from each of the patients were tested for the following virological parameters: mumps-virus, parainfluenza-viruses (piv) type 1., 2., 3., respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), epstein barr virus capsid antigen (ebvca) igm, iga, igg immunofluorescent test (ift) and ebvca igm, igg elisa (human); epstein bar ... | 1994 | 8309684 |
| [etiology of epidemic parotitis]. | blood samples of 204 acute parotitis patients in a fifteen month period (1991-1992) were systematically examined for igm, iga, igg antibodies of mumps and parainfluenza-virus 1, 2, 3 (piv) by immunofluorescent test (ift) and, in special cases several other virological examinations have been done. the etiological role of mumps-virus, parainfluenza-virus 1, 2, 3, one of the other viruses was confirmed in 76.0%, 1.5%, 6.3%, 1.5%, 4.9% of the cases, respectively. the etiology remained unknown in 9.8 ... | 1994 | 8290235 |
| rna editing in newcastle disease virus. | the co-transcriptional editing of the newcastle disease virus (ndv) p gene has been studied by sequence analysis of cloned viral genomic rna and mrna. evidence has been obtained for the specific insertion of non-templated g nucleotides, the consequence of which is the generation of three populations of p gene-derived mrnas. the three populations encode proteins (p, v and w) which have a common n-terminal region, but which utilize three different reading frames at their c termini. paradoxically, ... | 1993 | 8277263 |
| evidence of ortho- and paramyxoviruses in fauna from antarctica. | serum antibodies to influenza a viruses and paramyxoviruses were detected in adelie penguin (pysoscelis adeliae) and antarctic skua (stercorarius skua maccormicki) sera in the ross sea dependency. an avian paramyxovirus was isolated from a penguin cloacal swab. | 1993 | 8258855 |
| [chicken vaccine]. | 1993 | 8256252 | |
| utility of a respiratory virus panel containing a monoclonal antibody pool for screening of respiratory specimens in nonpeak respiratory syncytial virus season. | an indirect immunofluorescence respiratory virus panel containing monoclonal antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, adenovirus, and influenza viruses a and b was used to screen specimens in the nonpeak respiratory syncytial virus seasons in 1989 and 1990. the results indicate that the respiratory virus panel is fairly sensitive (79%) and very specific (99%) for the detection of respiratory viruses directly in clinical specimens during thes ... | 1993 | 8253993 |
| [influenza and other viral respiratory infections in recruits during the epidemiologic season of 1991-1992 in poland]. | viral respiratory infections in recruits have been presented as appearing in the epidemical season of 1991-1992. three singular parainfluenza type 1, type 3 and rs virus-infections have been found. no influenza viruses were isolated. | 1993 | 8234845 |
| [immunity coverage against measles, rubella and parotiditis viruses in a juvenile population in leon, spain]. | the immunity coverage, seroprevalence of igg antibodies against infection by measles, rubella and parotiditis viruses in a juvenile population (50,398 children) was studied. | 1993 | 8231381 |
| controlled trial to evaluate protection of high-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus disease by using standard intravenous immune globulin. | we performed a randomized, controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin (respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] neutralizing [nt] antibody titer of 1:950 in 5% solution) to evaluate protection against rsv-induced disease over two respiratory virus seasons. forty-nine children (mean age at enrollment, 4.5 months) with severe congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia were randomized as follows. twenty-four patients were followed as controls and received no immune globulin. twenty-five p ... | 1993 | 8215279 |
| protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with a vaccinia virus double recombinant expressing the f and h genes of rinderpest virus. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. the causative agent, pprv, is a member of the family paramyxoviridae and the genus morbillivirus. other members of the genus include rinderpest (rpv), measles, canine distemper and phocid distemper viruses. ppr has a very high rate of morbidity and mortality, and effective control of this disease is of economic importance in africa, asia and the mid ... | 1993 | 8212844 |
| paramyxovirus fusion: a hypothesis for changes. | 1993 | 8212546 | |
| deaths in budgerigars associated with a paramyxovirus-like agent. | 1993 | 8212503 | |
| paramyxovirus mediated cell fusion requires co-expression of both the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins. | syncytia formation in either cv-1 or hela t4+ cells required recombinant expression of both fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins from the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv2), and simian virus 5 (sv5). in this system, recombinant t7 transcription vectors (pt7-5 or pgem) containing f or hn, were transfected individually or in combination into cells previously infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing t7 rna polymer ... | 1994 | 8165862 |
| interleukin-6, il-6 receptor, and il-6 nuclear factor gene expression in paget's disease. | the cytokine interleukin-6 (il-6) is considered an important regulator of bone cell function and may play a central role in bone disease states characterized by increased bone remodeling, such as paget's disease. indeed, recent in vitro data suggest that il-6 may be an autocrine/paracrine factor for pagetic osteoclasts. however, its expression and role in vivo are not known. using in situ hybridization we investigated the spatial localization of expression of il-6, il-6 receptor (il-6r), and the ... | 1994 | 8154312 |
| serological studies on the potential synergism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and influenza-, corona- and paramyxoviruses in the induction of respiratory symptoms in swine. | sera from 265 finishing pigs belonging to 70 herds, in which severe respiratory disorders were observed, were examined for antibody prevalence to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), influenza virus subtypes h3n2 and h1n1, porcine respiratory corona virus (prcv) and a recently described porcine paramyxovirus (ppmv). by immunoperoxidase-monolayer assay 69.1% of these sera were positive for prrsv. hemagglutination inhibiting activity was found in 55.1% of the sera for influ ... | 1993 | 8128802 |
| studies with cross-linking reagents on the oligomeric form of the paramyxovirus fusion protein. | the oligomeric form of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) fusion (f) glycoprotein has been examined by using chemical cross-linking and sucrose density gradient fractionation. in addition, chemical cross-linking was used to examine the kinetics of assembly of the f oligomer. analysis by sds-page on 3.5% gels of the cross-linked f molecules indicated three major species with calculated molecular weights of m(r) approximately 65, m(r) approximately 130, and m(r) approximately 195 kda, suggesti ... | 1994 | 8116239 |