Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| prediction of cadmium concentration in selected home-produced vegetables. | soil contaminated with cadmium presents a potential hazard for humans, animals and plants. the latter play a major role in the transfer of cadmium to the food chain. the uptake of cadmium and its accumulation by plants is dependent on various soil, plants and environmental factors. in order to identify soil properties with statistically significant influence on cadmium concentration in vegetables and to reduce the collection of data, time and costs, regression models can be applied. the main obj ... | 2013 | 23886800 |
| inducing effect of pgrs on small regulatory si/mirna in resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode. | sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schmidt is an economically important plant parasite of sugar beet in ukraine. the pest control options are limited. sugar beet cyst nematode resistant varieties are not available on the market. carbamate and organophosphate pesticides have been banned due to the high toxicity. the problem is aggravated by continuously increasing of oilseed rape (which is suitable host for h. schachtii) growing area due to biofuel demands. several studies' results ind ... | 2012 | 23885445 |
| application of photo-selective films to manipulate wavelength of transmitted radiation and photosynthate composition in red beet (beta vulgaris var. conditiva alef.). | interest is increasing around both the use of plants as functional foods and the agronomic techniques which can increase nutrients and phytochemicals. nevertheless, little research has focused on the effects of light on accumulation of active compounds in root storage organs. red beet was treated with red (red/far red ratio: 1.29; transmitted photosynthetically active radiation: 66.9%) and green (red/far red ratio: 0.43; transmitted photosynthetically active radiation: 25.8%) photo-selective fil ... | 2014 | 23881467 |
| the origin of metamitron resistant chenopodium album populations in sugar beet. | chenopodium album l. is a major weed in spring-planted crops in the temperate regions of the world. since 2000, farmers have reported an unsatisfactory control of this weed in sugar beet fields in belgium, france and the netherlands. frequently, the surviving c. album plants are resistant to metamitron, a key herbicide in this crop. metamitron resistance in c. album is caused by a ser264 to gly mutation in the psba gene on the chloroplast genome, which prevents binding of metamitron to its targe ... | 2012 | 23878988 |
| isolation, cloning and large scale expression of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) protein of polymyxa betae. | the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae, an obligate parasite of sugar-beet roots, is a natural vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). to develop protein based diagnosis for any pathogenic agents including p. betae, a specific immunogenic protein has to be prepared. the glutathione-s-transferase (gst) is expressed in all the morphologically different stages of the pathogen's life cycle, and then it is a good candidate as an immunogenic agent for developing of specific antibodies and ... | 2012 | 23878968 |
| development of high-throughput quantum dot biosensor against polymyxa species. | the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae and p. graminis are eukaryotic biotrophic parasites residing in the roots of chenopodiacae and gramineae plants. they are natural transmitting agents of several important plant viruses such as are beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyw), beet soil borne mosaic virus (bsbmv), wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (wsbmv). developing advanced high-throughput diagnostic methods capable of accurate detection of these pathogens could assist with the screening programs a ... | 2012 | 23878956 |
| stabilisation of strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.) anthocyanins by different pectins. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different pectins on strawberry anthocyanins in viscous model solutions at ph 3.0. for this purpose, low esterified amidated, low and high methyl esterified citrus and apple pectins, and a sugar beet pectin (sbp), respectively, were added to strawberry extracts. the latter were predominantly composed of pelargonidin-glycosides, containing either reduced (e-1) or original amounts of non-anthocyanin phenolics (e-2). model systems we ... | 2013 | 23871051 |
| corn defense responses to nitrogen availability and subsequent performance and feeding preferences of beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | many studies have reported the effect of nitrogen (n) fertilization on plant constitutive defense responses; however, little is known about their effects on plant induced defense patterns and its consequence for insect herbivores. in our experiments, the effects of n availability on growth, nutritional quality (n content, protein/carbohydrate [p:c] ratio, modified gross energy [mge]), and constitutive phenolics of corn, zea mays l. were quantified. moreover, the indirect effects of n fertilizati ... | 2013 | 23865189 |
| characterization of two genes encoding metal tolerance proteins from beta vulgaris subspecies maritima that confers manganese tolerance in yeast. | manganese (mn(2+)) is an essential micronutrient in plants. however increased mn(2+) levels are toxic to plant cells. metal tolerance proteins (mtps), member of cation diffusion facilitator protein (cdf) family, have important roles in metal homeostatis in different plant species and catalyse efflux of excess metal ions. in this study, we identified and characterized two mtp genes from beta vulgaris spp. maritima (b. v. ssp. maritima). overexpression of these two genes provided mn tolerance in y ... | 2013 | 23864431 |
| effects of fermentation temperature and aeration on production of natural isoamyl acetate by williopsis saturnus var. saturnus. | isoamyl acetate is a natural flavour ester, widely used as a source of banana flavour by the food industry. williopsis saturnus var. saturnus is a yeast which can produce isoamyl acetate by esterification of amyl alcohols with acetyl coenzyme a via fermentation. the evaluation of this kind of production as an alternative way to obtain natural banana flavour could be possible, if the levels produced were high enough to make a commercial product. in this study, the effects of temperature (15°c and ... | 2013 | 23862159 |
| divergence of host range and biological properties between natural isolate and full-length infectious cdna clone of the beet mild yellowing virus 2itb. | plant infection by poleroviruses is restricted to phloem tissues, preventing any classical leaf rub inoculation with viral rna or virions. efficient virus inoculation to plants is achieved by viruliferous aphids that acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. the use of promoter-driven infectious cdna is an alternative means to infect plants and allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. using beet mild yellowing virus isolate 2itb (bmyv-2itb), we produced a full-length infectious cdn ... | 2014 | 23855287 |
| integrated hydrolyzation and fermentation of sugar beet pulp to bioethanol. | sugar beet pulp is an abundant industrial waste material that holds a great potential for bioethanol production owing to its high content of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin. its structural and chemical robustness limits the yield of fermentable sugars obtained by hydrolyzation and represents the main bottleneck for bioethanol production. physical (ultrasound and thermal) pretreatment methods were tested and combined with enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase and pectinase to evaluate the most ... | 2013 | 23851274 |
| occurrence, sequence polymorphism and population structure of circulifer tenellus virus 1 in a field population of the beet leafhopper. | circulifer tenellus virus 1 (citv1) is the prototypical example of an unusual group of dsrna viruses associated with insects and for which ecological data are lacking. a san joaquin valley (sjv), california population of the beet leafhopper (blh; circulifer tenellus [baker]) was sampled for citv1 in 2010. among 365 blh sampled, 119 (32.6%) were positive for citv1, with at least one citv1-positive blh collected from each of 35 locations. chi-square tests indicated that observed citv1 incidence di ... | 2013 | 23845300 |
| protozoa drive the dynamics of culturable biocontrol bacterial communities. | some soil bacteria protect plants against soil-borne diseases by producing toxic secondary metabolites. such beneficial biocontrol bacteria can be used in agricultural systems as alternative to agrochemicals. the broad spectrum toxins responsible for plant protection also inhibit predation by protozoa and nematodes, the main consumers of bacteria in soil. therefore, predation pressure may favour biocontrol bacteria and contribute to plant health. we analyzed the effect of acanthamoeba castellani ... | 2013 | 23840423 |
| the aap gene family for amino acid permeases contributes to development of the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in roots of arabidopsis. | the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii is able to infect arabidopsis plants and induce feeding sites in the root. these syncytia are the only source of nutrients for the nematodes throughout their life and are a nutrient sink for the host plant. we have studied here the role of amino acid transporters for nematode development. arabidopsis contains a large number of different amino acid transporters in several gene families but those of the aap family were found to be especially expressed in ... | 2013 | 23831821 |
| heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions and wastewaters by using various byproducts. | water contamination with heavy metals (hm) represents a potential threat to humans, animals and plants, and thus removal of these metals from contaminated waters has received increasing attention. the present study aimed to assess the efficiency of some low cost sorbents i.e., chitosan (ch), egg shell (es), humate potassium (hk), and sugar beet factory lime (sbfl) for removal of cadmium (cd), copper (cu), lead (pb) and zinc (zn) from wastewaters. for this purpose batch equilibrium experiments we ... | 2013 | 23831673 |
| synergistic cytotoxicity of red beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) extract with doxorubicin in human pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. | although a wide variety of cytotoxic plant extracts and phytochemicals are known to act synergistically with anticancer drug doxorubicin (d), their clinical application is hindered by safety concerns of such combination therapy. our earlier studies showed that red beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) extract (b), approved by food and drug administration and european union as red food color e162, reduced multi-organ tumor formations in various animal models when administered in drinking water. this led us ... | 2013 | 23828331 |
| caecal absorption of vitexin-2-o-xyloside and its aglycone apigenin, in the rat. | the in vivo bioavailability of the flavone-c-glycosides has been little studied compared to their o-glycoside analogues, which are both more common in nature and considered more easily hydrolyzed than c-glycosides, by both enterocytes and gut microbiota. in this study, we used vitexin-2-o-xyloside (vox), an apigenin-8-c-glucoside-2-o-xyloside, purified from seeds of swiss chard (beta vulgaris cicla), to investigate vox absorption into portal blood compared to its aglycone, apigenin. we used a ra ... | 2013 | 23824306 |
| transcriptome analysis and screening for potential target genes for rnai-mediated pest control of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner), is a serious pest worldwide that causes significant losses in crops. unfortunately, genetic resources for the beet armyworm is extremely scarce. to improve these resources we sequenced the transcriptome of s. exigua representing all stages including eggs, 1(st) to 5(th) instar larvae, pupae, male and female adults using the illumina solexa platform. we assembled the transcriptome with trinity that yielded 31,414 contigs. of these contigs, 18,592 wer ... | 2013 | 23823756 |
| lox-dependent gene expression in transgenic plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | lox sites of the cre/lox recombination system from bacteriophage p1 were analyzed for their ability to affect on transgene expression when inserted upstream from a gene coding sequence adjacent to the right border (rb) of t-dna. wild and mutated types of lox sites were tested for their effect upon bar gene expression in plants obtained via agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic transformation methods. lox-mediated expression of bar gene, recognized by resistance of transgenic plants to ppt, occurr ... | 2013 | 23821951 |
| proteomic analysis of salt tolerance in sugar beet monosomic addition line m14. | understanding the mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance can facilitate plant engineering for enhanced salt stress tolerance. sugar beet monosomic addition line m14 obtained from the intercross between beta vulgaris l. and beta corolliflora zoss exhibits tolerance to salt stress. here we report the salt-responsive characteristics of the m14 plants under 0, 200, and 400 mm nacl conditions using quantitative proteomics approaches. proteins from control and the salt treated m14 plants were separate ... | 2013 | 23799291 |
| fermentation of biodiesel-derived glycerol by bacillus amyloliquefaciens: effects of co-substrates on 2,3-butanediol production. | cultivation in glycerol instead of sugars inhibits 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens. in this study, we report that b. amyloliquefaciens readily produces 2,3-bd from biodiesel-derived glycerol in the presence of beet molasses as a co-substrate. unexpectedly, the molasses stimulated 2,3-bd production and simultaneously reduced the duration of fermentation. productivity of 2,3-bd was enhanced at the start of fermentation, and yields increased under continuous molasse ... | 2013 | 23797331 |
| injectable and biodegradable sugar beet pectin/gelatin hydrogels for biomedical applications. | injectable hydrogels have advantages over pre-formed hydrogels in biomedical applications. in our previous study, we showed usefulness of sugar beet pectin (sbp) as an injectable gel material. however, the in vivo biodegradability of the gels was low because animals lack suitable hydrolytic enzymes of sbp. in this study we developed sbp-based injectable gels with higher in vivo biodegradability than the previous sbp gels by incorporating biodegradable gelatin into the latter. an aqueous solution ... | 2013 | 23796034 |
| identification of the predominant nonrestoring allele for owen-type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.): development of molecular markers for the maintainer genotype. | hybrid seed production in sugar beet relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). as time-consuming and laborious test crosses with a cms tester are necessary to identify maintainer lines, development of a marker-assisted selection method for the rf gene (the nonrestoring allele of restorer-of-fertility locus) is highly desirable for sugar-beet breeding. to develop such a method, we investigated genetic variation at the rf1 locus, one of two rf loci known in sugar beet. after hindiii-digestion, g ... | 2013 | 23794939 |
| mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and a lixiviation of sugar beet pulp: optimisation of the semi-continuous process. | this study examine the effect of an increased organic loading rate on the efficiency of the stirred tank reactor treating sewage sludge and sugar beet pellets and to report on its steady-state performance. the digester was subjected to a program of steady-state operation over a range of hydraulic retention times (hrts) of 30 to 6 days and organic loading rates (olrs) of up to 1.7 kgcod/m(3)d to evaluate its treatment capacity. the cod removal efficiency was found to be 84.23% cod in the digester ... | 2013 | 23792635 |
| n-terminal basic amino acid residues of beet black scorch virus capsid protein play a critical role in virion assembly and systemic movement. | beet black scorch virus (bbsv) is a small single-stranded, positive-sense rna plant virus belonging to the genus necrovirus, family tombusviridae. its capsid protein (cp) contains a 13 amino acid long basic region at the n-terminus, rich in arginine and lysine residues, which is thought to interact with viral rna to initiate virion assembly. | 2013 | 23786675 |
| chenopodolin: a phytotoxic unrearranged ent-pimaradiene diterpene produced by phoma chenopodicola, a fungal pathogen for chenopodium album biocontrol. | a new phytotoxic unrearranged ent-pimaradiene diterpene, named chenopodolin, was isolated from the liquid culture of phoma chenopodicola, a fungal pathogen proposed for the biological control of chenopodium album, a common worldwide weed of arable crops such as sugar beet and maize. the structure of chenopodolin was established by spectroscopic, x-ray, and chemical methods as (1s,2s,3s,4s,5s,9r,10s,12s,13s)-1,12-acetoxy-2,3-hydroxy-6-oxopimara-7(8),15-dien-18-oic acid 2,18-lactone. at a concentr ... | 2013 | 23786488 |
| analyzing blends of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds with factor analysis: revisiting "cotton plant, gossypium hirsutum l., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization". | many herbivorous, predaceous, and parasitic insects use constitutive and herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (vocs) to locate their respective host plant, prey, and hosts. multivariate statistical tools (e.g., factor analysis) are recognized increasingly as an appropriate approach for analyzing intercorrelated data such as presence/absence or quantities of vocs. one challenge of implementing factor analysis is determining how many new variables (factors) to retain in the final analysis. ... | 2013 | 23786100 |
| application of a frequency distribution method for determining instars of the beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from widths of cast head capsules. | instar determination of field-collected insect larvae has generally been based on the analysis of head capsule width frequency distributions or bivariate plotting, but few studies have tested the validity of such methods. we used head capsules from exuviae of known instars of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), to determine the larval instars with the frequency distribution method and dyar's rule. head capsule widths of s. exigua ranged from 0.313 to 1.446 mm. ... | 2013 | 23786067 |
| transient transcriptional regulation of the cys-c1 gene and cyanide accumulation upon pathogen infection in the plant immune response. | cyanide is produced concomitantly with ethylene biosynthesis. arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) detoxifies cyanide primarily through the enzyme β-cyanoalanine synthase, mainly by the mitochondrial cys-c1. cys-c1 loss of function is not toxic for the plant and leads to an increased level of cyanide in cys-c1 mutants as well as a root hairless phenotype. the classification of genes differentially expressed in cys-c1 and wild-type plants reveals that the high endogenous cyanide content of the cys- ... | 2013 | 23784464 |
| δ 18o of ethanol in wine and spirits for authentication purposes. | since 1986 the european union has established official isotopic analysis methods for detecting the illegal addition of sugar and water to wine and to enable geographical traceability. in this paper we investigate the possibility of using analysis of the 18o/16o stable isotope ratio (expressed as δ 18o) of ethanol to improve detection of the watering of wine and to determine the origin of ethanol. sixty-nine authentic wine samples from all over italy, 59 spirits from fruit and cereals, 5 chemical ... | 2013 | 23772705 |
| ribosomal dna analyses reveal greater sequence variation in polymyxa species than previously thought and indicate the possibility of new ribotype-host-virus associations. | polymyxa species transmit viruses to many important crops. they are poorly understood obligate parasites occupying a distinct position in the tree of life. to better understand the potential for spread of polymyxa-vectored diseases, ribosomal dna was analysed from isolates covering a wide range of geographical locations, virus associations and hosts. internal transcribed spacer 2 structure analysis indicated that polymyxa graminis isolates could represent many species and there was more sequence ... | 2013 | 23757143 |
| characterization of the spi-1 and rsp type three secretion systems in pseudomonas fluorescens f113. | pseudomonas fluorescens f113 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) isolated from the sugar beet rhizosphere. the recent annotation of the f113 genome sequence has revealed that this strain encodes a wide array of secretion systems, including two complete type three secretion systems (t3sss) belonging to the hrp1 and spi-1 families. while hrp1 t3sss are frequently encoded in other p. fluorescens strains, the presence of a spi-1 t3ss in a plant-beneficial bacterial strain was unexpecte ... | 2013 | 23754718 |
| identification and functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner). | in moths, males can detect a distinct blend of several pheromone components by specialized olfactory receptor neurons (orns) on the antennae. four candidate pheromone receptors (pr) with seven transmembrane domains were identified by homology cloning from the antennae of spodoptera exigua (sexi). phylogenetic analyses reveal that all four odorant receptors (or) belong to pheromone receptor subtypes. expression patterns revealed that prs were male-specific in the antenna except for sexior11, whic ... | 2013 | 23751753 |
| nutritional and functional potential of beta vulgaris cicla and rubra. | swiss chard (beta vulgaris cicla, bvc) and beetroot (beta vulgaris rubra, bvr) are vegetables of the chenopodiaceae family, widely consumed in traditional western cooking. these vegetables represent a highly renewable and cheap source of nutrients. they can be cultivated in soils with scarce organic material and little light and water. bvc and bvr have a long history of use in folk medicine. modern pharmacology shows that bvc extracts possess antihypertensive and hypoglycaemic activity as well a ... | 2013 | 23751216 |
| chard (beta vulgaris l. var. cicla) extract ameliorates hyperglycemia by increasing glut2 through akt2 and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats. | chard is a plant used as an alternative hypoglycemic agent by diabetic people in turkey. the aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism of hypoglycemic effects of chard extract. male sprague-dawley rats (6-7 months old) were divided into five groups for this investigation: (1) control, (2) hyperglycemic, (3) hyperglycemic+chard, (4) hyperglycemic+insulin, (5) hyperglycemic+chard+insulin. fourteen days after animals were rendered hyperglycemic by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/k ... | 2014 | 23746671 |
| to beet or not to beet? | 2013 | 23743401 | |
| an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, suppresses expression of antimicrobial peptides controlled by toll and imd pathways by blocking eicosanoid biosynthesis. | immune-associated genes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, were predicted from 454 pyrosequencing transcripts of hemocytes collected from fifth instar larvae challenged with bacteria. out of 22,551 contigs and singletons, 36% of the transcripts had at least one significant hit (e-value cutoff of 1e-20) and used to predict immune-associated genes implicated in pattern recognition, prophenoloxidase activation, intracellular signaling, and antimicrobial peptides (amps). immune signaling and a ... | 2013 | 23740621 |
| the defective rnas of closteroviridae. | the family closteroviridae consists of two genera, closterovirus and ampelovirus with monopartite genomes transmitted respectively by aphids and mealybugs and the crinivirus with bipartite genomes transmitted by whiteflies. the closteroviridae consists of more than 30 virus species, which differ considerably in their phytopathological significance. some, like beet yellows virus and citrus tristeza virus (ctv) were associated for many decades with their respective hosts, sugar beets and citrus. o ... | 2013 | 23734149 |
| developmental regulation and antifungal activity of a growth-blocking peptide from the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua. | insect cytokine growth-blocking peptides (gbps) are involved in growth regulation and the innate immune response. however, the microbial binding and antimicrobial activities of gbps remain unclear. here, we investigate the developmental role and antifungal activity of a gbp from the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (segbp). sequence analysis predicted that mature segbp consists of 24 amino acid residues, including 2 cysteine residues. during s. exigua development, segbp is constitutively expresse ... | 2013 | 23732405 |
| crinivirus replication and host interactions. | criniviruses comprise one of the genera within the family closteroviridae. members in this family are restricted to the phloem and rely on whitefly vectors of the genera bemisia and/or trialeurodes for plant-to-plant transmission. all criniviruses have bipartite, positive-sense single-stranded rna genomes, although there is an unconfirmed report of one having a tripartite genome. lettuce infectious yellows virus (liyv) is the type species of the genus, the best studied so far of the criniviruses ... | 2013 | 23730299 |
| a study on cations and color removal from thin sugar juice by modified sugar beet pulp. | this article describes the use of citric acid modified sugar beet pulp as new ion-exchanger sorbent for the removal of metal cations and colorants from thin juice. the results of batch adsorption runs concerning the effects of contact time, material dosage, temperature and ph drop were presented and discussed. experimental data on the removal of metal cations showed that the sorption process was rapid and reached equilibrium in 60 min. modified material in acidic form caused to a significant ph ... | 2011 | 23729851 |
| intergeneric recombination between a new, spinach-infecting curtovirus and a new geminivirus belonging to the genus becurtovirus: first new world exemplar. | a novel curtovirus, spinach severe curly top virus (ssctv), was associated with symptomatic spinach plants collected from a commercial field in south-central arizona during 2009. in addition, a second viral molecule of about 2.9 kb from the same spinach plants was amplified, cloned and sequenced. the latter isolate, herein named spinach curly top arizona virus (sctav), was found to share 77 % pairwise sequence identity with beet curly top iran virus (bctiv), a leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus ... | 2013 | 23708296 |
| selective determination of sucrose based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer modified multiwall carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode. | a novel and selective electrochemical sensor was successfully developed for the determination of sucrose by integrating electropolymerization of molecularly imprinted polymer with multiwall carbon nanotubes. the sensor was prepared by electropolymerizing of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of template, sucrose, on a multiwall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. the sensor preparation conditions including sucrose concentration, the number of cv cycles in the electropolymerization ... | 2013 | 23706246 |
| analysis of glabrous canary seeds by elisa, mass spectrometry, and western blotting for the absence of cross-reactivity with major plant food allergens. | glabrous (hairless) canary seed belongs to the poaceae (gramineae) family and could serve as an alternative source of gluten-free cereal grain. in this study, allergenic cross-reactivities between hairless, dehulled canary seeds (phalaris canariensis) and major allergenic proteins from gluten, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, and mustard were studied using commercial enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (elisa) kits specific for these target allergens. mass spectrometry (ms) and immunoblotting wer ... | 2013 | 23706175 |
| effect of cooking methods on antioxidant activity and nitrate content of selected wild mediterranean plants. | wild edible plants (wep), traditionally consumed in the mediterranean diet, are considered a rich source of natural antioxidants but can also accumulate significant amount of nitrates. most wep are cooked before consumption, therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of boiling, steaming and microwave cooking processes on the total antioxidant activity (taa) and nitrate content of eight common wep. boiling caused the highest losses of taa, resulting in a reduction of the taa on dry ... | 2013 | 23701122 |
| synthesis, insecticidal activities, and sar studies of novel pyridylpyrazole acid derivatives based on amide bridge modification of anthranilic diamide insecticides. | anthranilic diamides are one of the most important classes of modern agricultural insecticides. to discover new structure-modified compounds with high activity, series of novel carbonyl thioureas, carbonyl ureas, oxadiazoles, carbonyl thiophosphorylureas, oxadiazole-containing amides, and thiazoline-containing amides were designed through the modification of the amide bridge based on the structure of chlorantraniliprole and were synthesized, and bioassays were carried out. the compounds were cha ... | 2013 | 23687975 |
| molecular basis for the recognition of long-chain substrates by plant α-glucosidases. | sugar beet α-glucosidase (sbg), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 31, shows exceptional long-chain specificity, exhibiting higher kcat/km values for longer malto-oligosaccharides. however, its amino acid sequence is similar to those of other short chain-specific α-glucosidases. to gain structural insights into the long-chain substrate recognition of sbg, a crystal structure complex with the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose was determined at 1.7 å resolution. the active site pocket of sbg is f ... | 2013 | 23687304 |
| increased long-flight activity triggered in beet armyworm by larval feeding on diet containing cry1ac protoxin. | evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic cry1ac-expressing cotton in china, but nevertheless it has recently become an important pest. migrants leaving their natal field arrive in other appropriate habitat far away in a short time, often followed by larval outbreaks. s. exigua has low s ... | 2013 | 23675489 |
| mitochondrial genome sequence of the legume vicia faba. | the number of plant mitochondrial genomes sequenced exceeds two dozen. however, for a detailed comparative study of different phylogenetic branches more plant mitochondrial genomes should be sequenced. this article presents sequencing data and comparative analysis of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the legume vicia faba. the size of the v. faba circular mitochondrial master chromosome of cultivar broad windsor was estimated as 588,000 bp with a genome complexity of 387,745 bp and 52 conservative mi ... | 2013 | 23675376 |
| investigation of copper sorption by sugar beet processing lime waste. | in the western united states, sugar beet processing for sugar recovery generates a lime-based waste product (∼250,000 mg yr) that has little liming value in the region's calcareous soils. this area has recently experienced an increase in dairy production, with dairies using copper (cu)-based hoof baths to prevent hoof diseases. a concern exists regarding soil cu accumulation because spent hoof baths may be disposed of in waste ponds, with pond waters being used for irrigation. the objective of t ... | 2013 | 23673960 |
| host growth can cause invasive spread of crops by soilborne pathogens. | invasive soilborne plant pathogens cause substantial damage to crops and natural populations, but our understanding of how to prevent their epidemics or reduce their damage is limited. a key and experimentally-tested concept in the epidemiology of soilborne plant diseases is that of a threshold spacing between hosts below which epidemics (invasive spread) can occur. we extend this paradigm by examining how plant-root growth may alter the conditions for occurrence of soilborne pathogen epidemics ... | 2013 | 23667560 |
| nmr (¹h) analysis of crude extracts detects light stress in beta vulgaris and spinacia oleracea leaves. | in highlight stress conditions, the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (npq) of chlorophyll fluorescence is triggered at the chloroplast level. this process allows thermal quenching of the excessive excitation energy and it is strictly related to the efficiency of the xanthophyll cycle. nowadays, the utilization of the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy provides a powerful complementary way for the identification and quantitative analysis of plant metabolites either in vivo or i ... | 2013 | 23661197 |
| rac1 mediates cytokine-stimulated hemocyte spreading via prostaglandin biosynthesis in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | cell spreading is an integral component of insect hemocytic immune reactions to infections and invasions. cell spreading is accomplished by cytoskeleton rearrangement, which is activated by three major immune mediators, biogenic monoamines, plasmatocyte-spreading peptide (psp), and eicosanoids, particularly prostaglandin e2 (pge2). however, little is known about how these immune mediators activate hemocyte spreading at the intra-cellular level. a small g protein, rac1, acts in cytoskeleton arran ... | 2013 | 23660478 |
| feed intake, ruminal fermentation, and animal behavior of beef heifers fed forage free diets containing nonforage fiber sources. | eight simmental heifers (initial bw 313.4 ± 13.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a 4 × 4 double latin square design. the experiment was performed in four 28-d periods. treatments tested were a control diet in which barley straw (bs) was used as a fiber source and 3 diets where the main difference was the nonforage fiber source used: soybean hulls (sh), beet pulp (bp) in pellets, and whole cottonseed (wcs). all ingredients, except the fiber sources, were ground thr ... | 2013 | 23658365 |
| architectural remodeling of the tonoplast during fluid-phase endocytosis. | during fluid phase endocytosis (fpe) in plant storage cells, the vacuole receives a considerable amount of membrane and fluid contents. if allowed to accumulate over a period of time, the enlarging tonoplast and increase in fluids would invariably disrupt the structural equilibrium of the mature cells. therefore, a membrane retrieval process must exist that will guarantee membrane homeostasis in light of tonoplast expansion by membrane addition during fpe. we examined the morphological changes t ... | 2013 | 23656870 |
| stabilization of soybean oil bodies by enzyme (laccase) cross-linking of adsorbed beet pectin coatings. | soybean oil bodies are naturally coated by a layer of phospholipids and oleosin proteins, which protect them from in vivo environmental stresses. when oil bodies are incorporated into food products, they encounter new environmental stresses such as changes in ph, ionic strength, and temperature. consequently, additional protection mechanisms are often needed to stabilize them. the purpose of this study was to determine whether soybean oil bodies could be stabilized by coating them with a layer o ... | 2010 | 23654247 |
| separation and detection of cell wall-bound ferulic acid dehydrodimers and dehydrotrimers in cereals and other plant materials by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. | ferulate dehydrodimers and the more recently discovered dehydrotrimers play an important role in the cell wall architecture of plant-based foods and forages. high-performance liquid chromatography methods to determine ferulate dimers often lack specificity; methods for trimers did not exist yet. a method for the determination of 11 cell wall-bound ferulate dehydrodimers and -trimers was developed, including the crucial separation of the di/trimers from the often dominating phenolic monomers. val ... | 2010 | 23654229 |
| citrus tristeza virus p23: a unique protein mediating key virus-host interactions. | the large rna genome of citrus tristeza virus (ctv; ca. 20 kb) contains 12 open reading frames, with the 3'-terminal one corresponding to a protein of 209 amino acids (p23) that is expressed from an abundant subgenomic rna. p23, an rna-binding protein with a putative zinc-finger domain and some basic motifs, is unique to ctv because no homologs have been found in other closteroviruses, including the type species of the genus beet yellows virus (despite both viruses having many homologous genes). ... | 2013 | 23653624 |
| hydrogen peroxide generation in the vacuoles of red beet root cells. | 2013 | 23652440 | |
| herpetogramma bipunctalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) biology and techniques for rearing on leaves of the blackberry (rubus spp., rosaceae). | the larvae of the southern beet webworm herpetogramma bipunctalis (fabricius, 1794) damage the leaves of species in the plant genus rubus. the present study investigated the biology of h. bipunctalis and developed a protocol for raising h. bipunctalis under laboratory conditions. on the basis of the biological data, we devised a life table. in order to develop the rearing procedures, we determined which oviposition substrate and blackberry cultivar were the most appropriate for larval developmen ... | 2013 | 23644800 |
| identification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in lakes district: a major beet growing area in turkey. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) causal agent of rhizomania, in sugar beet cultivation areas in the lakes district of turkey, in 2006-2007. during surveys bnyvv suspected leaf, root, and soil samples were collected. total of 203 soil samples were collected from different locations in the region. sugar beet cultivar kasandra plants were grown in these soil samples using bait plant techniques. in order to detect the structures of the v ... | 2011 | 23637514 |
| new experimental hosts of tobacco streak virus and absence of true seed transmission in leguminous hosts. | of 70 plant species tested, 50 species were susceptible to tobacco streak virus (tsv) on sap inoculation. both localized (necrotic and chlorotic spots) and systemic (necrotic spots, axillary shoot proliferation, stunting, total necrosis and wilt) symptoms are observed by majority of plant species. eleven new experimental hosts were identified viz., amaranthus blitum var. oleracea (chaulai sag), celosia cristata (cocks comb), beta vulgaris var. bengalensis (palak/indian spinach), calendula offici ... | 2011 | 23637490 |
| bumblebee venom serine protease increases fungal insecticidal virulence by inducing insect melanization. | insect-killing (entomopathogenic) fungi have high potential for controlling agriculturally harmful pests. however, their pathogenicity is slow, and this is one reason for their poor acceptance as a fungal insecticide. the expression of bumblebee, bombus ignitus, venom serine protease (vsp) by beauveria bassiana (erl1170) induced melanization of yellow spotted longicorn beetles (psacothea hilaris) as an over-reactive immune response, and caused substantially earlier mortality in beet armyworm (sp ... | 2013 | 23626832 |
| the molecular basis of vernalization in different plant groups. | timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. in temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization, the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during the following spring, is an example of the influence of temperature on the timing of flowering. in different groups of plants, there are distinct genes involved in vernalization, indicati ... | 2012 | 23619014 |
| optimization of production yield and functional properties of pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp. | a central composite design was employed to determine the optimum extraction condition to obtain higher yield, better color attribute as well as better rheological and emulsifying properties in pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp (sbp). a second-order polynomial model was developed for predicting the yield of sugar beet pulp pectin (sbpp) based on the composite design. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to quantify the integral effect of three processing parameters (extraction temperat ... | 2013 | 23618265 |
| the closterovirus-derived gene expression and rna interference vectors as tools for research and plant biotechnology. | important progress in understanding replication, interactions with host plants, and evolution of closteroviruses enabled engineering of several vectors for gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing. due to the broad host range of closteroviruses, these vectors expanded vector applicability to include important woody plants such as citrus and grapevine. furthermore, large closterovirus genomes offer genetic capacity and stability unrivaled by other plant viral vectors. these features provi ... | 2013 | 23596441 |
| toxicity of allyl esters in insect cell lines and in spodoptera littoralis larvae. | we investigated the effects of five allyl esters, two aromatic (allyl cinnamate and allyl 2-furoate) and three aliphatic (allyl hexanoate, allyl heptanoate, and allyl octanoate) in established insect cell lines derived from different species and tissues. we studied embryonic cells of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster (s2) (diptera) and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (se4) (lepidoptera), fat body cells of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (cpb) (coleoptera), ovarian ce ... | 2012 | 23589218 |
| altered invertase activities of symptomatic tissues on beet severe curly top virus (bsctv) infected arabidopsis thaliana. | arabidopsis thaliana infected with beet severe curly top virus (bsctv) exhibits systemic symptoms such as stunting of plant growth, callus induction on shoot tips, and curling of leaves and shoot tips. the regulation of sucrose metabolism is essential for obtaining the energy required for viral replication and the development of symptoms in bsctv-infected a. thaliana. we evaluated the changed transcript level and enzyme activity of invertases in the inflorescence stems of bsctv-infected a. thali ... | 2013 | 23589148 |
| the effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. the experiment was designed as a 6 × 6 latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. feed intake tended to decrease (p =0.10 ... | 2013 | 23587355 |
| identification of a new psii target site psba mutation leading to d1 amino acid leu218 val exchange in the chenopodium album d1 protein and comparison to cross-resistance profiles of known modifications at positions 251 and 264. | resistance of chenopodium album to triazinones and triazines can be caused by two amino acid exchanges, serine-264-glycine (ser(264) gly) and alanine-251-valine (ala(251) val), in the chloroplast d1 protein. this paper describes the identification of a biotype with a leucine-218-valine (leu(218) val) switch found in german sugar beet fields with unsatisfactory weed control. a greenhouse experiment has been performed to compare the resistance profile of the newly identified biotype with biotypes ... | 2014 | 23576399 |
| optimization of continuous hydrogen production from co-fermenting molasses with liquid swine manure in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. | this study investigated and optimized the operational conditions for continuous hydrogen production from sugar beet molasses, co-fermented with liquid swine manure in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. results indicated that ph, hrt and total solids content in the swine manure (ts) had significant impact on all the responses such as biogas production rate (bpr), hydrogen content (hc), hydrogen production rate (hpr), and hydrogen yield (hy), although the highest level of each response was ach ... | 2013 | 23567702 |
| impact of pectin type on the storage stability of black currant (ribes nigrum l.) anthocyanins in pectic model solutions. | the effects of different pectins on the stabilisation of black currant anthocyanins in viscous model solutions at ph 3.0 were investigated. for this purpose, low esterified amidated (am), low (lm) and high (hm) methoxylated citrus and apple pectins and a sugar beet pectin were added to a purified anthocyanin extract (acn-e) and to an extract containing anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics (pp-e). model systems were stored at 20±0.5°c in the dark. anthocyanin contents were monitored by hplc ... | 2013 | 23561223 |
| influence of ph, metal chelator, free radical scavenger and interfacial characteristics on the oxidative stability of β-carotene in conjugated whey protein-pectin stabilised emulsion. | the influence of whey protein isolate (wpi)-beet pectin conjugates formed by dry-heating on the oxidative stability of β-carotene in o/w emulsions was studied. it was mainly focused on the influence of ph, metal chelator, free radical scavenger and interfacial characteristics on the degradation of β-carotene in the emulsion stabilised by conjugate. the conjugate increased the oxidative stability of β-carotene in the emulsion as compared to their unconjugated mixture at ph 7.0. the desferoxamine ... | 2013 | 23561214 |
| assessment of allelopathic properties of aloe ferox mill. on turnip, beetroot and carrot. | turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) are common vegetables in south africa. the allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of aloe ferox mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in petri dish experiments. the extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/ml. leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/ml inhibited the germination o ... | 2012 | 23558992 |
| lc-qtof/ms metabolomic profiles in human plasma after a 5-week high dietary fiber intake. | the objective was to investigate the alterations of plasma metabolome profiles to identify exposure and effect markers of dietary fiber intake. subjects (n = 25) aged 58.6 (1.1) years (mean and sd) with a body mass index of 26.6 (0.5) kg/m(2) were given a high fiber (hf) and a low fiber (lf) diet, in a 5-week randomized controlled crossover intervention. the hf diet consisted of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products, whereas the lf diet was made of equival ... | 2013 | 23535740 |
| ecotilling in beta vulgaris reveals polymorphisms in the flc-like gene bvfl1 that are associated with annuality and winter hardiness. | sugar beet (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris l.) is an important crop for sugar and biomass production in temperate climate regions. currently sugar beets are sown in spring and harvested in autumn. autumn-sown sugar beets that are grown for a full year have been regarded as a cropping system to increase the productivity of sugar beet cultivation. however, for the development of these "winter beets" sufficient winter hardiness and a system for bolting control is needed. both require a thorough unders ... | 2013 | 23531083 |
| physically effectiveness of beet pulp-based diets in dairy cows as assessed by responses of feed intake, digestibility, chewing activity and milk production. | nine multiparous holstein cows (dim = 56 ± 5 day) were randomly assigned to three experimental diets containing fine-dried (t1), normal-dried (t2) and pelleted (t3) beet pulp (bp) at 12% on a dry matter basis in a 3 × 3 change over design in three 21 day periods to evaluate the effects of three types of bp. bulk density, functional specific gravity and water-holding capacity of ration and intake were similar, but intake of physically effective fibre was different among treatments. without signif ... | 2014 | 23521162 |
| cbctb2, an o-methyltransferase is essential for biosynthesis of the phytotoxin cercosporin and infection of sugar beet by cercospora beticola. | cercospora leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beets (beta vulgaris) worldwide. cercosporin, a light-inducible toxin, is essential for necrosis of the leaf tissue and development of the typical leaf spots on sugar beet leaves. | 2013 | 23517289 |
| complete genome sequence of the sugar beet endophyte pseudomonas poae re*1-1-14, a disease-suppressive bacterium. | the endophytic bacterium pseudomonas poae re*1-1-14 shows broad antagonistic activity and is applied to seeds as a biocontrol agent to suppress late root rot in the sugar beet. the completely sequenced 5.5-mb genome reveals genes that putatively contribute to this antagonistic activity and the intimate plant-microbe interaction. | 2013 | 23516179 |
| overexpression of the transcription factor rap2.6 leads to enhanced callose deposition in syncytia and enhanced resistance against the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in arabidopsis roots. | cyst nematodes invade the roots of their host plants as second stage juveniles and induce a syncytium which is their source of nutrients throughout their life. a transcriptome analysis of syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii in arabidopsis roots has shown that gene expression in the syncytium is different from that of the root with thousands of genes upregulated or downregulated. among the downregulated genes are many which code for defense-related proteins. one gene w ... | 2013 | 23510309 |
| beet yellows virus replicase and replicative compartments: parallels with other rna viruses. | in eukaryotic virus systems, infection leads to induction of membranous compartments in which replication occurs. virus-encoded subunits of the replication complex mediate its interaction with membranes. as replication platforms, rna viruses use the cytoplasmic surfaces of different membrane compartments, e.g., endoplasmic reticulum (er), golgi, endo/lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. closterovirus infections are accompanied by formation of multivesicular complexes from cell ... | 2013 | 23508802 |
| atp produced by oxidative phosphorylation is channeled toward hexokinase bound to mitochondrial porin (vdac) in beetroots (beta vulgaris). | mitochondrial porins or voltage-dependent anion channels (vdac) are the main route for solute transport through outer mitochondrial membranes (omm). in mammals, hexokinase (hk) binds to vdac, which allows the channeling of atp synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation toward hk. in plants, although hk has been found associated with omm, evidence for an interaction with vdac is scarce. thus, in this work, we studied the physical and functional interaction between these proteins in beetroot mitocho ... | 2013 | 23503782 |
| a description of the lactic acid bacteria microbiota associated with the production of traditional fermented vegetables in vietnam. | an important part of the daily nourishment in vietnam constitutes of fermented vegetables. bacteria and especially lactic acid bacteria play a central role in the production of many fermented vegetables. the current study was conducted to investigate the diversity of native lactic acid bacteria (lab) populations in 'dua muoi' (mustard and beet fermentation) and 'ca muoi' (eggplant fermentation), three types of popular traditional fermented vegetables of vietnamese origin. to this end a polyphasi ... | 2013 | 23500611 |
| identification and tissue distribution of odorant binding protein genes in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | odorant binding proteins (obps) contribute to the remarkable sensitivity of the insect's olfactory system and play an important role in insect chemical communication. in this study, we identified 11 putative cdnas encoding obps (namely sexiobp1-11) from the antennal full length cdna library of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and examined their expression profiles in different adult body tissues (antennae, heads, thoraxes, abdomens, legs and wings) by real-time quanti ... | 2013 | 23499610 |
| effects of bacteria on cadmium bioaccumulation in the cadmium hyperaccumulator plant beta vulgaris var. cicla l. | to investigate the effects of two cadmium-tolerant bacteria, staphylococcus pasteuri (s. pasteuri x1) and agrobacterium tumefaciens (a. tumefaciens x2), on cadmium uptake by the cadmium hyperaccumulator plant beta vulgaris var. cicla l., a pot experiment with artificially contaminated soil was conducted. the results demonstrated that both cadmium-tolerant bacteria enhanced the dry weight of beta vulgaris var. cicla l. the total dry weights of plants in the control ck20, s. pasteuri x1 and a. tum ... | 2013 | 23488173 |
| gene duplication is infrequent in the recent evolutionary history of rna viruses. | gene duplication generates genetic novelty and redundancy and is a major mechanism of evolutionary change in bacteria and eukaryotes. to date, however, gene duplication has been reported only rarely in rna viruses. using a conservative blast approach we systematically screened for the presence of duplicated (i.e., paralogous) proteins in all rna viruses for which full genome sequences are publicly available. strikingly, we found only nine significantly supported cases of gene duplication, two of ... | 2013 | 23486612 |
| loop a is critical for the functional interaction of two beta vulgaris pip aquaporins. | research done in the last years strongly support the hypothesis that pip aquaporin can form heterooligomeric assemblies, specially combining pip2 monomers with pip1 monomers. nevertheless, the structural elements involved in the ruling of homo versus heterooligomeric organization are not completely elucidated. in this work we unveil some features of monomer-monomer interaction in beta vulgaris pip aquaporins. our results show that while bvpip2;2 is able to interact with bvpip1;1, bvpip2;1 shows ... | 2013 | 23483963 |
| population dynamics of dactylella oviparasitica and heterodera schachtii: toward a decision model for sugar beet planting. | a series of experiments were performed to examine the population dynamics of the sugarbeet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, and the nematophagus fungus dactylella oviparasitica. after two nematode generations, the population densities of h. schachtii were measured in relation to various initial infestation densities of both d. oviparasitica and h. schachtii. in general, higher initial population densities of d. oviparasitica were associated with lower final population densities of h. schacht ... | 2012 | 23481664 |
| an arabidopsis atpase gene involved in nematode-induced syncytium development and abiotic stress responses. | the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii induces syncytia in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana, which are its only nutrient source. one gene, at1g64110, that is strongly up-regulated in syncytia as shown by rt-pcr, quantitative rt-pcr, in situ rt-pcr and promoter::gus lines, encodes an aaa+-type atpase. expression of two related genes in syncytia, at4g28000 and at5g52882, was not detected or not different from control root segments. using amirna lines and t-dna mutants, we show that at1g64110 ... | 2013 | 23480402 |
| tyrosinase activity of peroxidase of red beet root vacuoles and plastids. | 2013 | 23478977 | |
| development and evaluation of a combined cultivator and band sprayer with a row-centering rtk-gps guidance system. | typically, low-pressure sprayers are used to uniformly apply pre- and post-emergent herbicides to control weeds in crop rows. an innovative machine for weed control in inter-row and intra-row areas, with a unique combination of inter-row cultivation tooling and intra-row band spraying for six rows and an electro-hydraulic side-shift frame controlled by a gps system, was developed and evaluated. two weed management strategies were tested in the field trials: broadcast spraying (the conventional m ... | 2013 | 23478600 |
| pest protection conferred by a beta vulgaris serine proteinase inhibitor gene. | proteinase inhibitors provide a means of engineering plant resistance to insect pests. a beta vulgaris serine proteinase inhibitor gene (bvsti) was fused to the constitutive camv35s promoter for over-expression in nicotiana benthamiana plants to study its effect on lepidopteran insect pests. independently derived bvsti transgenic tobacco t2 homozygous progeny were shown to have relatively high bvsti gene transcript levels. bvsti-specific polyclonal antibodies cross-reacted with the expected 30 k ... | 2013 | 23468963 |
| tailor-made fructan synthesis in plants: a review. | fructan, a fructose polymer, is produced by many bacteria and plants. fructan is used as carbohydrate reserve, and in bacteria also as protective outside layer. chicory is a commercial fructan producing crop. the disadvantage of this crop is its fructan breakdown before harvest. studies using genetically modification showed that fructan biosynthesis is difficult to steer in chicory. alternatives for production of tailor-made fructan, fructan with a desired polymer length and linkage type, are or ... | 2012 | 23465900 |
| influence of dietary fiber type and amount on energy and nutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations in captive exotic felids fed a raw beef-based diet. | little nutritional or metabolic information has been collected from captive exotic cats fed raw diets. in particular, fiber types and concentrations for use in raw meat-based diets for captive exotic felids have not been well studied. our objective was to evaluate the effects of fiber type and concentration on apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-products in captive exotic felids. four animals of each captive exotic specie ... | 2013 | 23463568 |
| key aromatic residues at subsites +2 and +3 of glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidase contribute to recognition of long-chain substrates. | glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidases (31ags) show various specificities for maltooligosaccharides according to chain length. aspergillus niger α-glucosidase (ang) is specific for short-chain substrates with the highest k(cat)/k(m) for maltotriose, while sugar beet α-glucosidase (sbg) prefers long-chain substrates and soluble starch. multiple sequence alignment of 31ags indicated a high degree of diversity at the long loop (n-loop), which forms one wall of the active pocket. mutations of ... | 2013 | 23457711 |
| characterization of dna topoisomerase-1 in spodoptera exigua for toxicity evaluation of camptothecin and hydoxy-camptothecin. | camptothecin (cpt), a plant alkaloid originally isolated from the native chinese tree, camptotheca acuminate, exerts the toxic effect by targeting eukaryotic dna topoisomerase 1 (dna topo1). besides as potent anti-cancer agents, cpt and its derivatives are now being explored as potential pesticides for insect control. in this study, we assessed their toxicity to an insect homolog, the topo1 protein from beet armyworms (spodoptera exigua hübner), a worldwide pest of many important crops. the s. e ... | 2013 | 23451051 |
| evaluation of the effect of beetroot juice on dmba-induced damage in liver and mammary gland of female sprague-dawley rats. | red beetroot contains a specific class of antioxidants collectively named betalains, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and anti-inflamatory potential. we investigated the effect of beetroot juice on the hepatic and mammary gland carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, dna damage and liver injury, altered by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba). in the liver, pretreatment with beetroot juice significantly decreased levels and activities of the majority of tested biochemical parameters, ele ... | 2014 | 23450834 |
| highly diverse chromoviruses of beta vulgaris are classified by chromodomains and chromosomal integration. | chromoviruses are one of the three genera of ty3-gypsy long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons, and are present in high copy numbers in plant genomes. they are widely distributed within the plant kingdom, with representatives even in lower plants such as green and red algae. their hallmark is the presence of a chromodomain at the c-terminus of the integrase. the chromodomain exhibits structural characteristics similar to proteins of the heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1) family, which mediate t ... | 2013 | 23448600 |
| a simple fluorescence method for pk(a) determination in rna and dna reveals highly shifted pk(a)'s. | charged nucleobases exist in rna and dna at neutral ph owing to pk(a) shifting. these bases can affect polymerase fidelity and participate in ribozyme general acid-base catalysis. protonated rna bases further influence mirna processing and viral frameshifting. it is therefore important to have a simple and rapid method for determining the pka of nucleobases in rna and dna. here we describe the application of 2-aminopurine (2ap), a fluorescent isomer of adenine, to report on the pk(a) of a nearby ... | 2013 | 23432144 |