Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| genetic mutations in influenza h3n2 viruses from a 2012 epidemic in southern china. | an influenza h3n2 epidemic occurred throughout southern china in 2012. | 2013 | 24279698 |
| development and evaluation of a sybr green-based real time rt-pcr assay for detection of the emerging avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | most recently a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged in china and has been associated with lots of human infection and fatal cases. genetic analysis of the viral genome revealed that this reassortant virus might be better adapted to humans than other avian influenza viruses. molecular diagnostic methods are thus urgently needed in public health laboratories. in this study, a sybr green-based one-step real time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was developed to detect the novel h7 ... | 2013 | 24278234 |
| synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogs as potential anti-influenza a (h3n2 subtype) virus agents. | montmorillonite k10 impregnated with copper dichloride and potassium iodide (cucl2 /ki/k10) was used as catalyst in the cycloaddition of azides and propargylnucleobases, to provide the corresponding 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in good yield. all compounds 16-23 were evaluated for their antiviral activity in vitro. compound 18 showed moderate inhibition against influenza virus a (h3n2). | 2014 | 24272912 |
| recombinant influenza a h3n2 viruses with mutations of ha transmembrane cysteines exhibited altered virological characteristics. | influenza a h3n2 virus as the cause of 1968 pandemic has since been circulating in human and swine. our earlier study has shown that mutations of one or two cysteines in the transmembrane domain of h3 hemagglutinin (ha) affected the thermal stability and fusion activity of recombinant ha proteins. here, we report the successful generation of three recombinant h3n2 mutant viruses (c540s, c544l, and 2c/sl) with mutations of one or two transmembrane cysteines of ha in the background of a/swine/guan ... | 2014 | 24272698 |
| anti-influenza activity of alchemilla mollis extract: possible virucidal activity against influenza virus particles. | influenza virus infection is a major public health problem that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. the emergence of resistance to the currently available anti-influenza agents has necessitated the development of new drugs with novel targets. studying known ethno-medicinal plants is a promising approach for the discovery of new antiviral compounds. alchemilla mollis is used in traditional medicine in europe for different indications, including minimizing the symptoms of a sore throat. ... | 2013 | 24270383 |
| seroprevalence of a novel influenza a (h3n2) variant virus in the japanese population. | antibody distribution to a novel swine-origin influenza a (h3n2) variant virus among different age groups in japan was determined by hemagglutination-inhibition assay. japanese children in the age group 1-14 years were at a higher risk than those in older age groups. | 2013 | 24270150 |
| protease-dependent hemagglutinin cleavage contributes to alteration in chicken hemagglutination by the h3n2 influenza a virus. | the human influenza a virus (h3n2) has been the predominant influenza strain since 1992, and one property of this virus is non-agglutination of chicken erythrocytes [ch(-) virus]. the ch(-) virus in our study was able to acquire chicken hemagglutination [ch(+)] by trypsin passage but not by chymotrypsin passage. moreover, the trypsin-passaged ch(+) viruses reacquired the ch(-) property after a further chymotrypsin passage. in particular, genetic analysis showed no evidence of mutations in the he ... | 2013 | 24270143 |
| selection of dna aptamers that bind to influenza a viruses with high affinity and broad subtype specificity. | many cases of influenza are reported worldwide every year. the influenza virus often acquires new antigenicity, which is known as antigenic shift; this results in the emergence of new virus strains, for which preexisting immunity is not found in the population resulting in influenza pandemics. in the event a new strain emerges, diagnostic tools must be developed rapidly to detect the novel influenza strain. the generation of high affinity antibodies is costly and takes time; therefore, an altern ... | 2014 | 24269231 |
| avian influenza virus h3 hemagglutinin may enable high fitness of novel human virus reassortants. | reassortment of influenza a virus genes enables antigenic shift resulting in the emergence of pandemic viruses with novel hemagglutinins (ha) acquired from avian strains. here, we investigated whether historic and contemporary avian strains with different replication capacity in human cells can donate their hemagglutinin to a pandemic human virus. we performed double-infections with two avian h3 strains as ha donors and a human acceptor strain, and determined gene compositions and replication of ... | 2013 | 24265752 |
| substitutions near the receptor binding site determine major antigenic change during influenza virus evolution. | the molecular basis of antigenic drift was determined for the hemagglutinin (ha) of human influenza a/h3n2 virus. from 1968 to 2003, antigenic change was caused mainly by single amino acid substitutions, which occurred at only seven positions in ha immediately adjacent to the receptor binding site. most of these substitutions were involved in antigenic change more than once. equivalent positions were responsible for the recent antigenic changes of influenza b and a/h1n1 viruses. substitution of ... | 2013 | 24264991 |
| influenza virus surveillance in pakistan during 2008-2011. | there is little information about influenza among the pakistani population. in order to assess the trends of influenza-like-illness (ili) and to monitor the predominant circulating strains of influenza viruses, a country-wide lab-based surveillance system for ili and severe acute respiratory illness (sari) with weekly sampling and reporting was established in 2008. this system was necessary for early detection of emerging novel influenza subtypes and timely response for influenza prevention and ... | 2013 | 24260327 |
| human cytotoxic t lymphocytes directed to seasonal influenza a viruses cross-react with the newly emerging h7n9 virus. | in february 2013, zoonotic transmission of a novel influenza a virus of the h7n9 subtype was reported in china. although at present no sustained human-to-human transmission has been reported, a pandemic outbreak of this h7n9 virus is feared. since neutralizing antibodies to the hemagglutinin (ha) globular head domain of the virus are virtually absent in the human population, there is interest in identifying other correlates of protection, such as cross-reactive cd8(+) t cells (cytotoxic t lympho ... | 2014 | 24257602 |
| immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated 2012/2013 trivalent influenza vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture (optaflu®): an open label, uncontrolled study. | the present study aimed to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of the 2012/2013 seasonal influenza vaccine (optaflu(®)) after the world health organization recommended two new strains for the composition. | 2014 | 24240428 |
| the effect of the mdck cell selected neuraminidase d151g mutation on the drug susceptibility assessment of influenza a(h3n2) viruses. | propagation of influenza a(h3n2) viruses in mdck cells has been associated with the emergence of neuraminidase (na) variants carrying a change at residue 151. in this study, the pyrosequencing assay revealed that ∼90% of a(h3n2) virus isolates analyzed (n=150) contained more than one amino acid variant (d/g/n) at position 151. susceptibilities of the virus isolates to zanamivir and oseltamivir were assessed using the chemiluminescent and fluorescent na inhibition (ni) assays. in the chemilumines ... | 2014 | 24239666 |
| a serological survey of canine h3n2, pandemic h1n1/09 and human seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses in dogs in china. | influenza viruses have been isolated from dogs in china; however, the extent of influenza infection among dogs is not yet clear. here, we examined the seroprevalence of avian-origin canine h3n2, pandemic h1n1/09 and human seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses in pet dogs in china during january 2012 to june 2013. the seropositivity rate of canine h3n2, h1n1/09 and human h3n2 were 3.5%, 1.5%, and 1.2%, respectively. dogs aged 2-5 years were most commonly seropositive to canine h3n2 virus. it is worth n ... | 2014 | 24239170 |
| genomic analysis of influenza a virus from captive wild boars in brazil reveals a human-like h1n2 influenza virus. | influenza is a viral disease that affects human and several animal species. in brazil, h1n1, h3n2 and 2009 pandemic h1n1 a(h1n1)pdm09 influenza a viruses (iav) circulate in domestic swine herds. wild boars are also susceptible to iav infection but in brazil until this moment there are no reports of iav infection in wild boars or in captive wild boars populations. herein the occurrence of iav in captive wild boars with the presence of lung consolidation lesions during slaughter was investigated. ... | 2014 | 24238665 |
| humoral and cellular responses to a non-adjuvanted monovalent h1n1 pandemic influenza vaccine in hospital employees. | the efficacy of the h1n1 influenza vaccine relies on the induction of both humoral and cellular responses. this study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to a monovalent non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza a/h1n1 vaccine in occupationally exposed subjects who were previously vaccinated with a seasonal vaccine. | 2013 | 24238117 |
| immunization of rabbits with synthetic peptides derived from a highly conserved β-sheet epitope region underneath the receptor binding site of influenza a virus. | there is increasing concern about the speed with which health care providers can administer prophylaxis and treatment in an influenza pandemic. generally, it takes several months to manufacture an influenza vaccine by propagation of the virus in chicken eggs or cultured cells. newer, faster protocols for the production of vaccines that induce broad-spectrum immunity are therefore highly desirable. we previously developed human monoclonal antibody b-1 that shows broadly neutralizing activity agai ... | 2013 | 24235814 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in the 2011-2012 season: protection against each circulating virus and the effect of prior vaccination on estimates. | each year, the us influenza vaccine effectiveness network examines the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing medically attended acute respiratory illnesses caused by influenza. | 2014 | 24235265 |
| genome sequence of a circulating human-like swine-origin influenza a virus h3n2 strain. | the full-genome sequence of a/swine/henan/1/2010, a strain of influenza a virus isolated in central china, was determined. phylogenetic analyses show that its eight genomic segments are human-like, and some of its segments have appeared in swine h1n2, swine h1n1, and human h1n2 influenza viruses. | 2013 | 24233586 |
| novel h7n9 influenza virus shows low infectious dose, high growth rate, and efficient contact transmission in the guinea pig model. | the zoonotic outbreak of h7n9 subtype avian influenza virus that occurred in eastern china in the spring of 2013 resulted in 135 confirmed human cases, 44 of which were lethal. sequencing of the viral genome revealed a number of molecular signatures associated with virulence or transmission in mammals. we report here that, in the guinea pig model, a human isolate of novel h7n9 influenza virus, a/anhui/1/2013 (an/13), is highly dissimilar to an h7n1 avian isolate and instead behaves similarly to ... | 2014 | 24227867 |
| incorporation of a proteotyping approach using mass spectrometry for surveillance of influenza virus in cell-cultured strains. | the reemergence of deadly pandemic influenza virus strains has necessitated the development of improved methods for rapid detection and subtyping of influenza viruses that will enable more strains to be characterized at the molecular level. representative circulating strains of human influenza viruses from primary clinical specimens were grown in cell culture, purified through polyethylene glycol precipitation, proteolytically digested with an endoproteinase, and analyzed and identified by high- ... | 2014 | 24226917 |
| assessment for possible healthcare-associated transmission of a new variant influenza virus--pennsylvania, august 2011. | in august 2011, one of the earliest cases of influenza a(h3n2) variant [a(h3n2)v] virus infection was hospitalized with severe illness. to investigate the potential for healthcare-associated transmission of influenza a(h3n2)v, we evaluated both healthcare providers and patient contacts of the case. we found that healthcare-associated transmission was unlikely. | 2013 | 24225616 |
| replication characteristics of swine influenza viruses in precision-cut lung slices reflect the virulence properties of the viruses. | precision-cut lung slices of pigs were infected with five swine influenza a viruses of different subtypes (a/sw/potsdam/15/1981 h1n1, a/sw/bad griesbach/idt5604/2006 h1n1, a/sw/bakum/1832/2000 h1n2, a/sw/damme/idt5673/2006 h3n2, a/sw/herford/idt5932/2007 h3n2). the viruses were able to infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells. the infection of well-differentiated respiratory epithelial cells by swine influenza a viruses was analyzed with respect to the kinetics of virus release into the superna ... | 2013 | 24225030 |
| population dynamics of cocirculating swine influenza a viruses in the united states from 2009 to 2012. | understanding the ecology and evolution of influenza a viruses (iav) in mammalian hosts is critical to reduce disease burden in production animals and lower zoonotic infection risk in humans. recent advances in influenza surveillance in us swine populations allow for timely epidemiological, phylogenetic, and virological analyses that monitor emergence of novel viruses and assess changes in viral population dynamics. | 2013 | 24224819 |
| swine influenza virus vaccine serologic cross-reactivity to contemporary us swine h3n2 and efficacy in pigs infected with an h3n2 similar to 2011-2012 h3n2v. | swine influenza a virus (iav) reassortment with 2009 h1n1 pandemic (h1n1pdm09) virus has been documented, and new genotypes and subclusters of h3n2 have since expanded in the us swine population. an h3n2 variant (h3n2v) virus with the h1n1pdm09 matrix gene and the remaining genes of swine triple reassortant h3n2 caused outbreaks at agricultural fairs in 2011-2012. | 2013 | 24224818 |
| swine influenza: clinical, serological, pathological, and virological cross-sectional studies in nine farms in argentina. | influenza a viruses (iav) are important pathogens responsible for economic losses in the swine industry and represent a threat to public health. in argentina, clinical, pathological, and virological findings suggest that iav infection is widespread among pig farms. in addition, several subtypes of iav, such as ph1n1, h3n2, δ1h1n1, and δ2h1n2, have been reported. | 2013 | 24224814 |
| comparison of influenza a virus infection in high- and low-birth-weight pigs using morphometric analysis. | epigenetic studies have shown that low-birth-weight (lbw) and growth restriction has been associated with reduced immune function in humans and reduced passive immunity in pigs. to examine the immune responses of high-birth-weight (hbw) and lbw groups of pigs, influenza a virus infection was used as an exemplifier of neonatal respiratory disease. | 2013 | 24224813 |
| detection and isolation of airborne influenza a h3n2 virus using a sioutas personal cascade impactor sampler. | the air we breathe contains microorganisms that can cause infectious respiratory diseases. after two occupants of an apartment were diagnosed with influenza in february of 2013, efforts were made to detect and isolate airborne influenza virus using two different types of active air samplers: a sioutas personal cascade impactor sampler (pcis) and an skc biosampler. the pcis collects size-fractionated particles by impaction on polytetrafluoroethylene filters, whereas the skc biosampler collects ai ... | 2013 | 24224087 |
| comparison of mutation patterns in full-genome a/h3n2 influenza sequences obtained directly from clinical samples and the same samples after a single mdck passage. | human influenza viruses can be isolated efficiently from clinical samples using madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. however, this process is known to induce mutations in the virus as it adapts to this non-human cell-line. we performed a systematic study to record the pattern of mdck-induced mutations observed across the whole influenza a/h3n2 genome. seventy-seven clinical samples collected from 2009-2011 were included in the study. two full influenza genomes were obtained for each sample: o ... | 2013 | 24223916 |
| epidemiological surveillance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) from poultry in guangxi province, southern china. | low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) usually causes mild disease or asymptomatic infection in poultry. however, some lpaiv strains can be transmitted to humans and cause severe infection. genetic rearrangement and recombination of even low pathogenic influenza may generate a novel virus with increased virulence, posing a substantial risk to public health. southern china is regarded as the world "influenza epicenter", due to a rash of outbreaks of influenza in recent years. in this study, ... | 2013 | 24204754 |
| inhibition of a/human/hubei/3/2005 (h3n2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) have attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents and have demonstrated efficient inhibitory activity against various viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and tacaribe virus. in this study, we investigated if agnps could have antiviral and preventive effects in a/human/hubei/3/2005 (h3n2) influenza virus infection. madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with agnp-treated h3n2 influenza virus showed better viability (p<0.05 versus ... | 2013 | 24204140 |
| kinetics of influenza a virus nucleoprotein antibody (igm, iga, and igg) in serum and oral fluid specimens from pigs infected under experimental conditions. | indirect influenza a virus (iav) nucleoprotein (np) antibody elisas were used to compare the kinetics of the np igm, iga, and igg responses in serum and pen-based oral fluid samples collected from 82 pigs followed for 42 days post inoculation (dpi). treatment categories included vaccination (0, 1) and inoculation (0, 1) with contemporary h1n1 or h3n2 isolates. antibody ontogeny was markedly affected by vaccination status, but no significant differences were detected between h1n1 and h3n2 inocula ... | 2013 | 24200976 |
| phase i/ii trial of a replication-deficient trivalent influenza virus vaccine lacking ns1. | the non-structural protein ns1 of the influenza virus counteracts the interferon-mediated immune response of the host. we investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent formulation containing influenza h1n1, h3n2 and b strains lacking ns1 (delns1-trivalent). | 2013 | 24183981 |
| serum antibody response to influenza virus vaccination during chemotherapy treatment in adult patients with solid tumours. | higher rates of hospitalization and mortality are described in oncology patients with influenza virus infection compared to the general population. yearly influenza vaccination is recommended for patients treated with chemotherapy. the optimal moment to administer the vaccine during a treatment cycle has not been studied extensively. | 2013 | 24176495 |
| loss and gain of n-linked glycosylation sites in globular head and stem of ha found in a/h3n2 flu fatal and severe cases during 2013 tunisia flu seasonal survey. | glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. in the current study, we have characterized the dynamic amino acid changes at n-linked glycosylation sites of full length sequences of ha genes of 5 a/h3n2 tunisian strains isolates from mild, severe, and fatal cases. compared to the reference strain, a/perth/16/2009 substitutions in potenti ... | 2014 | 24174280 |
| the anti-influenza virus effect of phellinus igniarius extract. | herbal medicine has been used in the orient for thousands of years to treat large and small ailments, including microbial infections. although there are treatments for influenza virus infection, there is no treatment for drug-resistant viruses. it is time that we explored and exploited the multi-component nature of herbal extracts as multi-drug combination therapies. here, we present data on the anti-influenza virus effect of a medicinal mushroom, phellinus igniarius. the p. igniarius water extr ... | 2013 | 24173646 |
| receptor binding and ph stability - how influenza a virus hemagglutinin affects host-specific virus infection. | influenza a virus strains adopt different host specificities mainly depending on their hemagglutinin (ha) protein. via ha, the virus binds sialic acid receptors of the host cell and, upon endocytic uptake, ha triggers fusion between the viral envelope bilayer and the endosomal membrane by a low ph-induced conformational change leading to the release of the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm. both functions are crucial for viral infection enabling the genesis of new progeny virus. adaptati ... | 2014 | 24161712 |
| plc-γ1 signaling plays a subtype-specific role in postbinding cell entry of influenza a virus. | host signaling pathways and cellular proteins play important roles in the influenza viral life cycle and can serve as antiviral targets. in this study, we report the engagement of host phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase γ1 (plc-γ1) in mediating cell entry of influenza virus h1n1 but not h3n2 subtype. both plc-γ1-specific inhibitor and short hairpin rna (shrna) strongly suppress the replication of h1n1 but not h3n2 viruses in cell culture, suggesting that plc-γ1 plays an important subtype-sp ... | 2014 | 24155396 |
| activation of influenza a viruses by host proteases from swine airway epithelium. | pigs are important natural hosts of influenza a viruses, and due to their susceptibility to swine, avian, and human viruses, they may serve as intermediate hosts supporting adaptation and genetic reassortment. cleavage of the influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) by host cell proteases is essential for viral infectivity. most influenza viruses, including human and swine viruses, are activated at a monobasic ha cleavage site, and we previously identified tmprss2 and hat to be re ... | 2014 | 24155384 |
| newly emerging mutations in the matrix genes of the human influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) viruses reduce the detection sensitivity of real-time reverse transcription-pcr. | new variants of the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) viruses were detected in taiwan between 2012 and 2013. some of these variants were not detected in clinical specimens using a common real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay that targeted the conserved regions of the viral matrix (m) genes. an analysis of the m gene sequences of the new variants revealed that several newly emerging mutations were located in the regions where the primers or probes of the real-time rt-pcr assay bind; ... | 2014 | 24153120 |
| molecular epidemiology of influenza a virus infection in cyprus in four consecutive seasons (2009 pandemic-2013). | the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of influenza a virus infection in cyprus from the 2009 pandemic until 2013. pandemic influenza a(h1n1)2009 virus infections outnumbered infections with other respiratory viruses until the end of 2009. the pandemic virus was also the prevalent influenza strain during influenza season 2010-2011; however, it was completely replaced by h3n2 subtype in the next season. during the most recent influenza season, 2012-2013, the pandemic strain was ... | 2014 | 24152574 |
| administration of as03b-adjuvanted a(h1n1)pdm09 vaccine in children aged <3 years enhances antibody response to h3 and b viruses following a single dose of trivalent vaccine one year later. | we report on a follow-up clinical and serological investigation of 274 children who received seasonal influenza vaccine (trivalent inactivated vaccine [tiv]) 1 year after receipt of either as03(b)-adjuvanted subunit or whole virus monovalent a(h1n1)pdm09 vaccine and describe the antibody responses to the h3n2 a/perth/16/2009 and b/brisbane/60/2008 components of tiv. | 2014 | 24149079 |
| the kinase mtor modulates the antibody response to provide cross-protective immunity to lethal infection with influenza virus. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses pose a continuing global threat. current vaccines will not protect against newly evolved pandemic viruses. the creation of 'universal' vaccines has been unsuccessful because the immunological mechanisms that promote heterosubtypic immunity are incompletely defined. we found here that rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the kinase mtor, promoted cross-strain protection against lethal infection with influenza virus of various subtypes when a ... | 2013 | 24141387 |
| longitudinal analysis of leukocyte differentials in peripheral blood of patients with acute respiratory viral infections. | leukocyte counts and differentials are commonly acquired in patients with suspected respiratory viral infections and may contribute diagnostic information. however, most published work is limited to a single timepoint at initial presentation to a medical provider, which may correspond to widely varying points in the course of disease. | 2013 | 24140015 |
| treatment of influenza virus with beta-propiolactone alters viral membrane fusion. | beta-propiolactone (bpl) is commonly used as an inactivating reagent to produce viral vaccines. although bpl has been described to chemically modify nucleic acids, its effect on viral proteins, potentially affecting viral infectivity, remains poorly studied. here, a h3n2 strain of influenza virus was submitted to treatment with various bpl concentrations (2-1000μm). cell infectivity was progressively reduced and entirely abolished at 1mm bpl. virus fusion with endosome being a critical step in v ... | 2014 | 24140008 |
| efficacy of a levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-based sanitizer on inactivation of influenza a virus on eggshells. | influenza a virus poses a major public health concern and is associated with annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. influenza a h3n2 viruses, which are an important cause of human influenza, can infect birds and mammals. contaminated undercooked poultry products including eggs with avian influenza virus constitute a possible risk of transmission to humans. in this study, a novel levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) sanitizer was evaluated for eggshell decontamination. influenza a ... | 2013 | 24132876 |
| epidemiology of seasonal influenza in bangkok between 2009 and 2012. | this study investigated influenza activity in bangkok, thailand between june 2009 and july 2012. | 2013 | 24129626 |
| subcellular proteomic analysis of human host cells infected with h3n2 swine influenza virus. | cross-species transmissions of swine influenza viruses (sivs) raise great public health concerns. in this study, subcellular proteomic profiles of human a549 cells inoculated with h3n2 subtype siv were used to characterize dynamic cellular responses to infection. by 2de and ms, 27 differentially expressed (13 upregulated, 14 downregulated) cytoplasmic proteins and 20 differentially expressed (13 upregulated, 7 downregulated) nuclear proteins were identified. gene ontology analysis suggested that ... | 2013 | 24115376 |
| signal-processing-based bioinformatics approach for the identification of influenza a virus subtypes in neuraminidase genes. | neuraminidase (na) genes of influenza a virus is a highly potential candidate for antiviral drug development that can only be realized through true identification of its sub-types. in this paper, in order to accurately detect the sub-types, a hybrid predictive model is therefore developed and tested over proteins obtained from the four subtypes of the influenza a virus, namely, h1n1, h2n2, h3n2 and h5n1 that caused major pandemics in the twentieth century. the predictive model is built by the fo ... | 2013 | 24110375 |
| standard trivalent influenza virus protein vaccination does not prime antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in macaques. | yearly vaccination with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) is recommended, since current vaccines induce little cross neutralization to divergent influenza strains. whether the tiv can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) responses that can cross-recognize divergent influenza virus strains is unknown. we immunized 6 influenza-naive pigtail macaques twice with the 2011-2012 season tiv and then challenged the macaques, along with 12 control macaques, serially with ... | 2013 | 24109221 |
| viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses during the influenza season between december 2011 and april 2012. | the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of respiratory viruses responsible for respiratory tract infections in turkish children during the 2011-2012 influenza season. nasal swabs were obtained from patients with symptoms suggestive of an influenza-like illness between december 2011 and april 2012. samples were analyzed with multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to help identify the causative viral pathogen. a total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study. a respi ... | 2014 | 24105787 |
| seasonal h3n2 influenza a virus fails to enhance staphylococcus aureus co-infection in a non-human primate respiratory tract infection model. | staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia is often associated with influenza or an influenza-like syndrome. morbidity and mortality due to methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) or influenza and pneumonia, which includes bacterial co-infection, are among the top causes of death by infectious diseases in the united states. we developed a non-lethal influenza a virus (iav) (h3n2)/s. aureus co-infection model in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) to test the hypothesis that seasonal ... | 2013 | 24104465 |
| review of 10 years of clinical experience with chinese domestic trivalent influenza vaccine anflu®. | influenza viruses cause annual winter epidemics globally and influenza vaccination is most effective way to prevent the disease or severe outcomes from the illness, especially in developing countries. however, the majority of the world's total production capacity of influenza vaccine is concentrated in several large multinational manufacturers. a safe and effective preventive vaccine for the developing countries is urgent. anflu®, a chinese domestic preservative-free, split-virus trivalent influ ... | 2014 | 24104060 |
| genetic characterization of canine influenza a virus (h3n2) in thailand. | in january 2012, several clinical cases of dogs with flu-like symptoms, including coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever, were reported in a small-animal hospital located in bangkok, thailand. one influenza a virus was identified and characterized as an avian-like influenza virus h3n2. the virus was named a/canine/thailand/cu-dc5299/12. a phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine virus belonged to an avian eurasian lineage and was genetically related to the canine influenza viruses ... | 2014 | 24101341 |
| germacrone inhibits early stages of influenza virus infection. | highly pathogenic influenza viruses pose a serious public health threat to humans. although vaccines are available, antivirals are needed to efficiently control disease progression and virus transmission due to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. in this study, germacrone, which is a major component of the essential oils extracted from rhizoma curcuma, was found to inhibit influenza virus replication. germacrone showed antiviral activity against the h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses a ... | 2013 | 24095670 |
| genesis and genetic constellations of swine influenza viruses in thailand. | swine influenza virus (siv) is one of the most important zoonotic agents and the origin of the most recent pandemic virus. asia is considered to be the epicenter for genetic exchanging of influenza a viruses and southeast asia including thailand serves as a reservoir to maintain the persistence of the viruses for seeding other regions. therefore, searching for new reassortants in this area has been routinely required. although sivs in thailand have been characterized, collective information rega ... | 2013 | 24095146 |
| h3n2 canine influenza virus causes severe morbidity in dogs with induction of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis. | dogs are companion animals that live in close proximity with humans. canine h3n2 influenza virus has been isolated from pet dogs that showed severe respiratory signs and other clinical symptoms such as fever, reduced body weight, and interstitial pneumonia. the canine h3n2 influenza virus can be highly transmissible among dogs via aerosols. when we analyzed global gene expression in the lungs of infected dogs, the genes associated with the immune response and cell death were greatly elevated. ta ... | 2013 | 24090140 |
| impact of prior seasonal h3n2 influenza vaccination or infection on protection and transmission of emerging variants of influenza a(h3n2)v virus in ferrets. | influenza h3n2 a viruses continue to circulate in swine and occasionally infect humans, resulting in outbreaks of variant influenza h3n2 [a(h3n2)v] virus. it has been previously demonstrated in ferrets that a(h3n2)v viruses transmit as efficiently as seasonal influenza viruses, raising concern over the pandemic potential of these viruses. however, a(h3n2)v viruses have not acquired the ability to transmit efficiently among humans, which may be due in part to existing cross-reactive immunity to a ... | 2013 | 24089569 |
| the french military influenza surveillance system (miss): overview of epidemiological and virological results during four influenza seasons--2008-2012. | influenza is a viral infection caused by a pathogen with considerable ability for genetic mutation, which is responsible for seasonal outbreaks as well as pandemics. this article presents the results of epidemiological and virological monitoring of four successive influenza outbreaks in the french armed forces, for the period 2008 to 2012. | 2013 | 24089257 |
| emergence of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza a/h3n2 virus in an elderly patient receiving a suboptimal dose of antiviral prophylaxis. | we report the emergence of an influenza virus a/h3n2-e119v neuraminidase variant from an elderly patient with renal dysfunction who received a suboptimal dose of oseltamivir prophylaxis. in neuraminidase inhibition assays, the e119v variant showed a 413-fold increase in the 50% inhibitory oseltamivir concentration and grew at titers comparable to those of the wild type in vitro. | 2013 | 24088848 |
| snatch-farrowed, porcine-colostrum-deprived (sf-pcd) pigs as a model for swine infectious disease research. | the current study tested the benefit of commercially available spray-dried bovine colostrum (the saskatoon colostrum company, saskatoon, saskatchewan) in raising snatch-farrowed, porcine-colostrum-deprived (sf-pcd) pigs. in experiment 1, 12 sf-pcd pigs received a liquid diet composed mainly of bovine colostrum from birth to day 10; 6 remained on the same liquid diet (col), and the other 6 were fed a diet composed mainly of milk replacer (rpl) until weaning. in experiment 2, 12 sf-pcd pigs were f ... | 2013 | 24082397 |
| cell culture-selected substitutions in influenza a(h3n2) neuraminidase affect drug susceptibility assessment. | assessment of drug susceptibility has become an integral part of influenza virus surveillance. in this study, we describe the drug resistance profile of influenza a(h3n2) virus, a/mississippi/05/2011, collected from a patient treated with oseltamivir and detected via surveillance. an mdck cell-grown isolate of this virus exhibited highly reduced inhibition by the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) oseltamivir (8,005-fold), zanamivir (813-fold), peramivir (116-fold), and laninamivir (257-fold) ... | 2013 | 24080660 |
| population susceptibility to north american and eurasian swine influenza viruses in england, at three time points between 2004 and 2011. | age-stratified sera collected in 2004, 2008 and 2010 in england were evaluated for antibody to swine influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) viruses from the united states or europe as a measure of population susceptibility to the emergence of novel viruses. children under 11 years of age had little or no measurable antibody to recent swine h3n2 viruses despite their high levels of antibody to recent h3n2 seasonal human strains. adolescents and young adults (born 1968–1999) had higher antibody levels to s ... | 2013 | 24079379 |
| a new macrolide from a marine-derived fungus aspergillus sp. | a new 16-membered macrolide named aspergillide d (1), along with six known compounds, including two polyketones (2-3) and four alkaloids (4-7), were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived fungus aspergillus sp. scsgaf 0076. the structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of nmr and mass spectra. compound 5 showed an obvious inhibitory effect on influenza virus strains h1n1 and h3n2. | 2013 | 24079185 |
| haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein replicon particle vaccination of swine protects against the pandemic h1n1 2009 virus. | the recent emergence of the pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) and h3n2 variant influenza a viruses (iav) in 2009 and 2011-2012, respectively, highlight the zoonotic potential of influenza viruses and the need for vaccines capable of eliciting heterosubtypic protection. in these studies, single-cycle, propagation-defective replicon particle (rp) vaccines expressing iav haemagglutinin (ha) and nucleoprotein (np) genes were constructed and efficacy was evaluated in homologous and heterologous pig challenge stu ... | 2013 | 24078226 |
| mutation from arginine to lysine at the position 189 of hemagglutinin contributes to the antigenic drift in h3n2 swine influenza viruses. | two distinct antigenic clusters were previously identified among the h3n2 swine influenza a viruses (iavs) and were designated h3n2siv-alpha and h3n2siv-beta (feng et al., 2013. journal of virology 87 (13), 7655-7667). a consistent mutation was observed at the position 189 of hemagglutinin (r189k) between h3n2siv-alpha and h3n2siv-beta fair isolates. to evaluate the contribution of r189k mutation to the antigenic drift from h3n2siv-alpha to h3n2siv-beta, four reassortant viruses with 189r or 189 ... | 2013 | 24074585 |
| virological surveillance of influenza viruses during the 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 seasons in tunisia. | the data contribute to a better understanding of the circulation of influenza viruses especially in north-africa. | 2013 | 24069267 |
| editorial commentary: variant influenza a(h3n2) virus: looking through a glass, darkly. | 2013 | 24065323 | |
| outbreak of variant influenza a(h3n2) virus in the united states. | variant influenza virus infections are rare but may have pandemic potential if person-to-person transmission is efficient. we describe the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak of an influenza a(h3n2) variant virus (h3n2v) first identified in 2011. | 2013 | 24065322 |
| heterogeneity of the mdck cell line and its applicability for influenza virus research. | single-cell clones have been established from the mdck cell line, characterized for their morphology and evaluated for their suitability for influenza virus research. three discrete cell morphotypes were identified using light microscopy. besides morphological features, the cell types can be distinguished by the level of expression of surface glycans recognized by peanut agglutinin (pna). all clones were susceptible to infection by influenza viruses of different subtypes of influenza a virus (h1 ... | 2013 | 24058646 |
| glyconanoparticles for the plasmonic detection and discrimination between human and avian influenza virus. | a plasmonic bioassay for the specific detection of human influenza virus has been developed based on gold nanoparticles functionalised with a designed and synthesised thiolated trivalent α2,6-thio-linked sialic acid derivative. the glyconanoparticles consist of the thiolated trivalent α2,6-thio-linked sialic acid derivative and a thiolated polyethylene glycol (peg) derivative self-assembled onto the gold surface. varying ratios of the trivalent α2,6-thio-linked sialic acid ligand and the peg lig ... | 2013 | 24057694 |
| influenza a virus induction of oxidative stress and mmp-9 is associated with severe lung pathology in a mouse model. | infection by different strains of influenza virus presents different pictures. whether the pathogenicity of influenza virus is defined by the ability of the virus to induce differential immunopathological responses in the lungs still remains unclear. we compared the immunopathological response induced by influenza virus a/wsn/33 (h1n1) and that by a/panama-like (h3n2) virus in c57bl/6 mice. wsn virus, in contrast to panama-like virus, induced high mortality and severe lung pathology accompanied ... | 2013 | 24055463 |
| effectiveness of influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza, in the late 2011-2012 season in spain, among population targeted for vaccination. | in spain, the influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) was estimated in the last three seasons using the observational study cyceva conducted in the frame of the existing spanish influenza sentinel surveillance system. the objective of the study was to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ili) among the target groups for vaccination in spain in the 2011-2012 season. we also studied influenza ve in the early (weeks 52/2 ... | 2013 | 24053661 |
| influenza a virus with a human-like n2 gene is circulating in pigs. | a novel reassortant influenza a virus, h1avn2hu, has been found in danish swine. the virus contains an h1 gene similar to the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of h1n1 avian-like swine viruses and an n2 gene most closely related to the neuraminidase (na) gene of human h3n2 viruses from the mid-1990s. | 2013 | 24051313 |
| dynamically correlated mutations drive human influenza a evolution. | human influenza a virus undergoes recurrent changes in the hemagglutinin (ha) surface protein, primarily involved in the human antibody recognition. relevant antigenic changes, enabling the virus to evade host immune response, have been recognized to occur in parallel to multiple mutations at antigenic sites in ha. yet, the role of correlated mutations (epistasis) in driving the molecular evolution of the virus still represents a challenging puzzle. further, though circulation at a global geogra ... | 2013 | 24048220 |
| prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices--united states, 2013-2014. | this report updates the 2012 recommendations by cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccines for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza (cdc. prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2012;61:613-8). routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥ 6 months. for the 2013-14 influenza season, it is expected that trivalen ... | 2013 | 24048214 |
| the first detection of influenza in the finnish pig population: a retrospective study. | swine influenza is an infectious acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by influenza a virus. we investigated the time of entry of swine influenza into the finnish pig population. we also describe the molecular detection of two types of influenza a (h1n1) viruses in porcine samples submitted in 2009 and 2010.this retrospective study was based on three categories of samples: blood samples collected for disease monitoring from pigs at major slaughterhouses from 2007 to 2009; blood samples from p ... | 2013 | 24047612 |
| genetic and biological characterisation of an avian-like h1n2 swine influenza virus generated by reassortment of circulating avian-like h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes in denmark. | the influenza a virus subtypes h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 are the most prevalent subtypes in swine. in 2003, a reassorted h1n2 swine influenza virus (siv) subtype appeared and became prevalent in denmark. in the present study, the reassortant h1n2 subtype was characterised genetically and the infection dynamics compared to an "avian-like" h1n1 virus by an experimental infection study. | 2013 | 24047399 |
| critical role of segment-specific packaging signals in genetic reassortment of influenza a viruses. | the fragmented nature of the influenza a genome allows the exchange of gene segments when two or more influenza viruses infect the same cell, but little is known about the rules underlying this process. here, we studied genetic reassortment between the a/moscow/10/99 (h3n2, mo) virus originally isolated from human and the avian a/finch/england/2051/91 (h5n2, en) virus and found that this process is strongly biased. importantly, the avian ha segment never entered the mo genetic background alone b ... | 2013 | 24043788 |
| evidence of transmission and risk factors for influenza a virus in household dogs and their owners. | the possible transmission of influenza a virus between dogs and humans is important, as in mexico city there are approximately 1·2 million dogs. we present the first evidence of influenza a virus infection in household dogs in mexico. | 2013 | 24034782 |
| emergence of h3n2pm-like and novel reassortant h3n1 swine viruses possessing segments derived from the a (h1n1)pdm09 influenza virus, korea. | human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic h1n1 2009 [a(h1n1)pdm09] virus in pig populations resulted in reassortment events with endemic swine influenza viruses worldwide. | 2013 | 24034626 |
| a mutant influenza virus that uses an n1 neuraminidase as the receptor-binding protein. | in the vast majority of influenza a viruses characterized to date, hemagglutinin (ha) is the receptor-binding and fusion protein, whereas neuraminidase (na) is a receptor-cleaving protein that facilitates viral release but is expendable for entry. however, the nas of some recent human h3n2 isolates have acquired receptor-binding activity via the mutation d151g, although these isolates also appear to retain the ability to bind receptors via ha. we report here the laboratory generation of a mutati ... | 2013 | 24027333 |
| structural analysis of the hemagglutinin from the recent 2013 h7n9 influenza virus. | in march 2013, the chinese center for disease control and prevention reported human infections with an h7n9 influenza virus, and by 20 july 2013, the numbers of laboratory-confirmed cases had climbed to 134, including 43 fatalities and 127 hospitalizations. the newly emerging h7n9 viruses constitute an obvious public health concern because of the apparent severity of this outbreak. here we focus on the hemagglutinins (has) of these viruses and assess their receptor binding phenotype in relation ... | 2013 | 24027325 |
| prevalence of antibodies to european porcine influenza viruses in humans living in high pig density areas of germany. | the risk of zoonotic human infection caused by european porcine influenza virus strains was estimated in german regions with a high pig density. sera from 622 healthy volunteers were collected between april 2009 and november 2011, mainly in westphalia and western lower saxony. these included 362 subjects with occupational contact to pigs and 260 blood donors without any direct exposition to pigs. samples were analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay against a panel of six swine vi ... | 2014 | 24013183 |
| [meta analysis on the immunogenicity of domestic influenza virus vaccines]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of domestic influenza virus vaccines. | 2013 | 24011163 |
| [local antibody immune responses in influenza patients and persons vaccinated with seasonal, pre-pandemic, and pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccines]. | mucosal immunity is one of the most important factors of human anti-influenza defense. the data about local immune responses in influenza a (h3n2) patients and in persons vaccinated within 2000-2009 with different seasonal laivs, a (h1n1)pdm2009 laiv, and a (h5n2) laiv are discussed. the influenza infection resulted in the larger quantities of local iga and igg conversions than seasonal laiv vaccination. 56% of young (18-21 y.o.) persons had high titers (> or = 1:64) of iga to a (h1n1)pdm2009 vi ... | 2016 | 24006632 |
| [the influenza viruses and their surface proteins impact on the metabolism of human blood vessel endothelium cells]. | the modern influenza virus subtypes h3n2, h5n1, and h1n1 reduced the metabolism of the endothelial cells within the range from 20% to 60% (compared with control). the degree of the activity of the dehydrogenase reduction depended on the dose of virus and time of virus reproduction. ha and na also actively reduced the metabolism of the cells ranging from 5% to 60%, depending on the concentration of the proteins and time of their impact on cells. neuraminidase was more active than hemagglutinin in ... | 2016 | 24006629 |
| [immunogenicity of recombinant proteins including ectodomain of m2 influenza virus a]. | two recombinant proteins with three copies of the ectodomain of the conserved influenza protein m2 (m2e) of influenza viruses were developed: a (h1n1)pdm09, a/kurgan/05/05 (h5n1), and m2e consensus sequence of the human influenza a virus (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) based on flagellin and core antigen of hepatitis b (hbc). the first recombinant protein comprised flagellin fused to three tandem copies of m2e, the second preparation was based on non-covalent interaction between m2e peptides and hbc. the imm ... | 2016 | 24006628 |
| recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2013-2014. | the purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. highlights for the upcoming 2013-2014 season include (1) this year's trivalent influenza vaccine contains an a/california/7/2009 (h1n1) pdm09-like virus (same as 2012-2013); an a/texas/50/2012 (h3n2) virus (antigenically like the 2012-2013 strain); and a b/massachusetts/2/2012-like virus (a b/yamagata lineage ... | 2013 | 23999962 |
| serological evidence for avian h9n2 influenza virus infections among romanian agriculture workers. | in recent years, wild birds have introduced multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus infections in romanian poultry. in 2005 hpai infections were widespread among domestic poultry and anecdotal reports suggested domestic pigs may also have been exposed. we sought to examine evidence for zoonotic influenza infections among romanian agriculture workers. between 2009 and 2010, 363 adult participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study. confined animal f ... | 2013 | 23999337 |
| evaluation of three influenza neuraminidase inhibition assays for use in a public health laboratory setting during the 2011-2012 influenza season. | we evaluated the implementation of three commercially available neuraminidase inhibition assays in a public health laboratory (phl) setting. we also described the drug susceptibility patterns of human influenza a and b circulating in maryland during the 2011-2012 influenza season. | 2017 | 23997307 |
| mutation tryptophan to leucine at position 222 of haemagglutinin could facilitate h3n2 influenza a virus infection in dogs. | an avian-like h3n2 influenza a virus (iav) has recently caused sporadic canine influenza outbreaks in china and korea, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the interspecies transmission of h3n2 iav from avian to canine species are not well understood. sequence analysis showed that residue 222 in haemagglutinin (ha) is predominantly tryptophan (w) in the closely related avian h3n2 iav, but was leucine (l) in canine h3n2 iav. in this study, reassortant viruses rh3n2-222l (canine-like) and rh3n ... | 2013 | 23994833 |
| reduced replication capacity of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus during the 2010-2011 winter season in tottori, japan. | a novel swine-origin influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus has been circulating in humans since march-april, 2009. the 2009-2010 epidemic involved predominantly a single subtype of a(h1n1)pdm09 (at 96%, 46/48) in the sentinel sites of this study. however, a(h1n1)pdm09 started to circulate together with other type/subtype (49%, 33/68) at the first peak in the next epidemic season in 2010-2011: a(h1n1)pdm09/a(h3n2) (9%, 6/68), a(h1n1)pdm09/b (35%, 24/68), and a(h1n1)pdm09/a(h3n2)/b (4%, 3/68). single infec ... | 2013 | 23983181 |
| clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent surface antigen seasonal influenza vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture and administered to young and elderly adults with and without a(h1n1) pre-vaccination. | vaccination against influenza is an important means of reducing morbidity and mortality in subjects at risk. the prevalent viral strains responsible for seasonal epidemics usually change annually, but the who recommendations for the 2011/2012-season in the northern hemisphere included the same antigens as for the previous season. we conducted a single-center, single-arm study involving 62 younger (18-60 years) and 64 older (>60 years) adults to test the immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of ... | 2013 | 23976960 |
| study of immunogenicity of recombinant proteins based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase conservative epitopes of influenza a virus. | recombinant hemagglutinin (rha) and neurominidase (rna) developed in our investigation are amino acid sequence consensus variants of h1n1 2009 subtype influenza virus strain, also including immunogenic epitopes typical for other influenza virus subtypes (h3n1 and h5n1). substitutions were made: typical for russian virus isolates (in ha - s220t, na - d248n) and in active centers of molecules - r118l, r293l, r368l; c92s, c417s to increase recombinant proteins stability in e. coli. the aim of the p ... | 2013 | 23969554 |
| surveillance of human influenza a(h3n2) virus from 1999 to 2009 in southern italy. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of influenza virus co-infections in humans and changes in the genetic variability of a(h3n2) virus strains in southern italy from 1999 to 2009. a partial sequence of the haemagglutinin (ha) gene by human influenza h3n2 strains identified in oropharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like illness was analysed by dna sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. during the seasons 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009, the in ... | 2014 | 23967903 |
| design, synthesis and antiviral activity studies of schizonepetin derivatives. | a series of schizonepetin derivatives have been designed and synthesized in order to obtain potent antivirus agents. the antiviral activity against hsv-1 and influenza virus h3n2 as well as the cytotoxicity of these derivatives was evaluated by using cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition assay in vitro. compounds m2, m4, m5 and m34 showed higher inhibitory activity against hsv-1 virus with the tc50 values being in micromole. compounds m28, m33, and m35 showed higher inhibitory activity against infl ... | 2013 | 23965980 |
| the frequency and seasonality of influenza and other respiratory viruses in tennessee: two influenza seasons of surveillance data, 2010-2012. | in 2010, the tennessee department of health, in collaboration with the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), expanded influenza surveillance in tennessee to include other respiratory viruses. | 2013 | 23962104 |
| [development of a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of e119v amino acid change in neuraminidase of influenza a (h3n2) using the taqman-mgb probe]. | to develop a rapid duplex real-time reverse transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) method to detect e119v mutation on neuraminidase (na) of influenza a(h3n2) subtype with drug resistance to oseltamivir. | 2013 | 23958130 |