Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. | despite its common occurrence, the aetiology of chronic gingivostomatitis in cats remains uncertain. aetiology is likely multifactorial, and several infectious agents may be associated with chronic gingivostomatitis. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and bartonella henselae (b. henselae) in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis and in an age-matched co ... | 2010 | 21038808 |
| pemphigus vulgaris and herpesviruses: is there any relationship? | pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder, which results from interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors. one of these environmental factors is viral infections particularly, herpesviruses. we aimed to detect the presence of hsv 1 and 2 (herpes simplex virus) and hhv8 (human herpesvirus 8) in our patients who were suffering from pemphigus vulgaris. | 2010 | 21038546 |
| the role of human herpesvirus-6, epstein–barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections in the etiopathogenesis of different types of cutaneous drug reactions. | recently, it has been recognized that drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (dihs) is associated with reactivation of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6), epstein–barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). however, whether those viruses have a role in the development of cutaneous drug reactions (cdrs) other than dihs is not known. | 2010 | 21038542 |
| infectious complications in the early postoperative period in liver transplant patients. | liver transplantation (ltx) is a technically well established procedure in acute and in end-stage liver diseases. however, opportunistic infections remain one of the important complications in short and long-term outcome of ltx patients. bloodstream and pulmonary infections are the major cause of death in the first year following liver transplantation. due to extended use of chinolons and third generation cephalosporines there is a shift towards multidrug-resistant bacteria including methicillin ... | 2010 | 21037551 |
| is hcmv a tumor promoter? | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a beta-herpesvirus that causes persistent infection in humans and can cause severe disease in fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. although hcmv is not currently causally implicated in human cancer, emerging evidence suggests that hcmv infection and expression may be specifically associated with human malignancies including malignant glioma, colon, and prostate cancer. in addition, multiple investigators have demonstrated that hcmv can dysregulate signaling ... | 2010 | 21036194 |
| kinetics of cytokine and chemokine responses in patients with primary human herpesvirus 6 infection. | cytokines and chemokines induced by human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) infection may play an important role in the observed hhv-6-associated clinical complications. however, basic data for cytokine and chemokine synthesis in primary hhv-6 infected patient without complication is lacking. | 2010 | 21035385 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early 2 (rta) gene is an essential gene and is duplicated in bovine herpesvirus 4 isolate u. | the orf50/rta gene has been shown to be an essential gene for many gammaherpesviruses. although the bohv-4 orf50/rta homolog, immediate early gene 2 (ie2), has been shown to activate several bohv-4 early and late promoters in cotransfection assays, there is no direct proof of its indispensability for progression of the virus to the lytic replication cycle in the context of the viral genome. in the present communication, replication defective bohv-4-v.test ie2 mutants were efficiently rescued, wi ... | 2010 | 21035279 |
| [therapeutic effects of b and t lymphocyte attenuator extracellular domain and heat shock protein 70 antigen peptide on cervical cancer in mouse model]. | to investigate the synergistic therapy effects of b and t lymphocyte attenuator (btla) extracellular domain in combination with heat shock protein 70 (hsp70)-tc-1 antigen peptide complex on the mouse model of cervical cancer and the related immunological mechanisms. | 2010 | 21029617 |
| x-box binding protein 1 induces the expression of the lytic cycle transactivator of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus but not epstein-barr virus in co-infected primary effusion lymphoma. | cells of primary effusion lymphoma (pel), a b-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma, are latently infected by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), with about 80 % of pel also co-infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv). both viruses can be reactivated into their lytic replication cycle in pel by chemical inducers. however, simultaneous activation of both lytic cascades leads to mutual lytic cycle co-repression. the plasma cell-differentiation factor x-box binding protein 1 (xbp-1) transactivates ... | 2010 | 20980528 |
| activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is associated with multiple human malignancies, including kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric castleman's disease. following primary infection, kshv typically goes through a brief period of lytic replication prior to the establishment of latency. plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) are the major producers of type 1 interferon (ifn), primarily in response to virus infection. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are key components of t ... | 2010 | 20980519 |
| translational control of the abundance of cytoplasmic poly(a) binding protein in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. | irrespective of their effects on ongoing host protein synthesis, productive replication of the representative alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1, the representative gammaherpesvirus kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, and the representative betaherpesvirus human cytomegalovirus [hcmv] stimulates the assembly of the multisubunit, cap-binding translation factor eif4f. however, only hcmv replication is associated with an increased abundance of eif4f core components (eif4e, eif4g, eif4a) and the ... | 2010 | 20980505 |
| mechanisms of autoinhibition of irf-7 and a probable model for inactivation of irf-7 by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protein orf45. | irf-7 is the master regulator of type i interferon-dependent immune responses controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. given the significance of irf-7 in the induction of immune responses, many viruses have developed strategies to inhibit its activity to evade or antagonize host antiviral responses. we previously demonstrated that orf45, a kshv immediate-early protein as well as a tegument protein of virions, interacts with irf-7 and inhibits virus-mediated type i interferon induction by b ... | 2010 | 20980251 |
| cancer biomarkers in hiv patients. | in this review, we update investigations related to cancer biomarkers in hiv-infected populations. | 2010 | 20978397 |
| the cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28 promotes intestinal neoplasia in transgenic mice. | us28 is a constitutively active chemokine receptor encoded by cmv (also referred to as human herpesvirus 5), a highly prevalent human virus that infects a broad spectrum of cells, including intestinal epithelial cells (iecs). to study the role of us28 in vivo, we created transgenic mice (vs28 mice) in which us28 expression was targeted to iecs. expression of us28 was detected in all iecs of the small and large intestine, including in cells expressing leucine rich repeat containing gpcr5 (lgr5), ... | 2010 | 20978345 |
| cytomegalovirus micrornas facilitate persistent virus infection in salivary glands. | micro (mi)rnas are small non-coding rnas that regulate the expression of their targets' messenger rnas through both translational inhibition and regulation of target rna stability. recently, a number of viruses, particularly of the herpesvirus family, have been shown to express their own mirnas to control both viral and cellular transcripts. although some targets of viral mirnas are known, their function in a physiologically relevant infection remains to be elucidated. as such, no in vivo phenot ... | 2010 | 20976200 |
| risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome under combination antiretroviral therapy can be aetiology-specific. | in order to discriminate general from aetiology-specific risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris), we followed up, during six months, 99 patients with advanced hiv infection commencing antiretroviral therapy (art) without active opportunistic infections or evident inflammation. iris predictors were determined by univariate analysis using clinical data from 76 art-responding patients either completing follow-up or developing iris, and by multivariate analysis of inflamm ... | 2010 | 20975091 |
| whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive variant analysis of a japanese individual using massively parallel sequencing. | we report the analysis of a japanese male using high-throughput sequencing to × 40 coverage. more than 99% of the sequence reads were mapped to the reference human genome. using a bayesian decision method, we identified 3,132,608 single nucleotide variations (snvs). comparison with six previously reported genomes revealed an excess of singleton nonsense and nonsynonymous snvs, as well as singleton snvs in conserved non-coding regions. we also identified 5,319 deletions smaller than 10 kb with hi ... | 2010 | 20972442 |
| viruses and human cancer: from detection to causality. | the study of cancer is incomplete without taking into consideration of tumorigenic viruses. initially, searches for human cancer viruses were fruitless despite an expansion of our knowledge in the same period concerning acute-transforming retroviruses in animals. however, over the last 40years, we have witnessed rapid progress in the tumor virology field. currently, acknowledged human cancer viruses include epstein-barr virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, high-risk human papilloma virus ... | 2010 | 20971551 |
| salivary shedding of hhv-8 in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), the main agent involved in the etiopathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. the potential of saliva as a source of hhv-8 transmission remains unclear. the purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of hhv-8 detection in saliva of hiv-infected individuals and their family contacts. | 2010 | 20969629 |
| herpes virus reactivation by low-intensity diode and co₂ lasers. | the herpes virus enters into latency after symptomatic or asymptomatic herpetic infection. during latency, the virus has no impact on infected cells. however, internal or external stimuli, including certain lasers, can induce virus reactivation. | 2010 | 20969439 |
| mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in wild common carp in canada. | koi herpesvirus (khv) was identified as being associated with more than one mortality event affecting common carp in canada. the first was an extensive mortality event that occurred in 2007 in the kawartha lakes region, ontario, affecting lakes scugog and pigeon. fish had branchial necrosis and hepatic vasculitis with an equivocal interstitial nephritis. several fish also had branchial columnaris. subsequent mortality events occurred in 2008 in additional bodies of water in south-central ontario ... | 2010 | 20966274 |
| marek's disease virus type 1 microrna mir-m3 suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting smad2 of the transforming growth factor beta signal pathway. | viruses cause about 15% of the cancers that are still the leading causes of human mortality. the discovery of viral oncogenes has enhanced our understanding of viral oncogenesis. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of virus-induced cancers are complex and require further investigation. the present study has attempted to investigate the effects of the micrornas (mirnas) encoded by marek's disease virus 1 (mdv1), a chicken herpesvirus causing acute t-cell lymphomas and solid visceral tumo ... | 2010 | 20962090 |
| detection of human herpesvirus 6 dna but not human herpesvirus 7 or 8 dna in atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic vascular tissues. | various viral infections are thought to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. a number of studies suggest that certain viruses from the herpesviridae family in particular may lead to atherosclerosis. | 2010 | 20961841 |
| establishment of an elisa to detect kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus using recombinant orf73. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is causally related to kaposi's sarcoma (ks), primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and a proportion of cases of multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). the orf73 protein was cloned into pqe80l-orf73 and expressed in e.coli and purified. the expressed recombinant orf73 was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). a protein of about 27 kda was expressed as expected. western blotting showed that the purified recombi ... | 2010 | 20960290 |
| the nucleolus and viral infection. | the nucleolus is a subnuclear structure of eukaryocytes. it was thought that nucleolus only participates in the biogenesis and processing of rrna. however, more and more evidence shows that it has many other functions, such as trna precursor processing, stress sensing and it is also involved in gene silencing, senescence and cell cycle regulation. here, we summarize the recent understandings about the nucleolar functions, the regulation of nucleolar localization of proteins and the role that the ... | 2010 | 20960288 |
| recurrent haemophagocytic syndrome in an hiv-infected patient. | we describe a case of recurrent haemophagocytic syndrome (hs) in an hiv-infected patient.the first episode was associated with active human herpesvirus 8 infection and progressive kaposi's sarcoma which was successfully treated with splenectomy, foscarnet and chemotherapy. the second episode was triggered by a clostridium difficile colitis and resolved completely after treatment with metronidazole only. recurrent hs has rarely been described in adult patients out of the setting of relapsing mali ... | 2010 | 20954469 |
| herpesvirus saimiri-based endothelin-converting enzyme-1 shrna expression decreases prostate cancer cell invasion and migration. | the zinc metalloprotease, endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ece-1), which converts the mitogenic peptide endothelin-1 (et-1) from its biologically inactive precursor big-et-1, is commonly upregulated in prostate cancer (pc) cells. consequently, we have sought to suppress ece-1 expression by using rnai as a potentially novel therapeutic approach. therefore, a synthetic 64-nt short-hairpin rna (shrna), designed to target the ece-1 gene, was expressed in an herpesvirus saimiri (hvs)-based delivery ve ... | 2010 | 20949559 |
| the effect of the time interval between exposures on the susceptibility of chickens to superinfection with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is ubiquitous within commercial poultry flocks because current vaccines do not prevent mdv infection or transmission. in order for newly-evolved mdv strains to become established within a flock, it seems inevitable that any new strain would need to infect and replicate in chickens previously infected with resident mdv strains. this phenomenon is difficult to detect and there is no clear evidence that it is even possible. four experiments were performed to demonstrate ... | 2010 | 20945786 |
| non-muscle myosin iia is a functional entry receptor for herpes simplex virus-1. | herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1), the prototype of the α-herpesvirus family, causes life-long infections in humans. although generally associated with various mucocutaneous diseases, hsv-1 is also involved in lethal encephalitis. hsv-1 entry into host cells requires cellular receptors for both envelope glycoproteins b (gb) and d (gd). however, the gb receptors responsible for its broad host range in vitro and infection of critical targets in vivo remain unknown. here we show that non-muscle myosin ... | 2010 | 20944748 |
| structural basis of local, ph-dependent conformational changes in glycoprotein b from herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpesviruses enter cells by membrane fusion either at the plasma membrane or in endosomes, depending on the cell type. glycoprotein b (gb) is a conserved component of the multiprotein herpesvirus fusion machinery and functions as a fusion protein, with two internal fusion loops, fl1 and fl2. we determined the crystal structures of the ectodomains of two fl1 mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gb to clarify whether their fusion-null phenotypes were due to global or local effects of th ... | 2010 | 20943984 |
| nfat and creb regulate kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2). | cox-2 has been implicated in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency and pathogenesis (a. george paul, n. sharma-walia, n. kerur, c. white, and b. chandran, cancer res. 70:3697-3708, 2010; p. p. naranatt, h. h. krishnan, s. r. svojanovsky, c. bloomer, s. mathur, and b. chandran, cancer res. 64:72-84, 2004; n. sharma-walia, a. g. paul, v. bottero, s. sadagopan, m. v. veettil, n. kerur, and b. chandran, plos pathog. 6:e1000777, 2010; n. sharma-walia, h. raghu, s. sadagopan, r. sivak ... | 2010 | 20943963 |
| the effect of houttuynia cordata injection on pseudorabies herpesvirus (prv) infection in vitro. | pseudorabies herpesvirus (prv) belongs to the alphaherpesvirinae. piglets infected with prv die within a few days. development of effective antiviral agents is one alternative or complementary method to prevent prv infection. houttuynia cordata thunb. (saururaceae), h. cordata, a traditional chinese medicine, is often used to relieve lung abnormal symptoms, infectious disease, refractory hemoptysis and malignant pleural effusion in china. | 2010 | 20942608 |
| [human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) and human herpesvirus-7(hhv-7)]. | 2010 | 20942070 | |
| risk of classical kaposi sarcoma by plasma levels of epstein-barr virus antibodies, scd26, scd23 and scd30. | abstract: | 2010 | 20939920 |
| antiviral therapy for feline herpesvirus infections. | a large variety of antiviral agents exists for oral or topical treatment of cats infected with feline herpesvirus type 1. knowledge of the general principles can be used to better understand antiviral pharmacology and thereby guide therapy for cats with herpetic disease. this article compares the antiviral efficacy of these compounds and recommends a common protocol for administering lysine and antiviral drugs to infected cats. | 2010 | 20933135 |
| a case of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8-unrelated but epstein-barr virus-positive primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus infection. | 2010 | 20929325 | |
| land use, macroalgae, and a tumor-forming disease in marine turtles. | wildlife diseases are an increasing concern for endangered species conservation, but their occurrence, causes, and human influences are often unknown. we analyzed 3,939 records of stranded hawaiian green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) over 28 years to understand fibropapillomatosis, a tumor-forming disease linked to a herpesvirus. turtle size is a consistent risk factor and size-standardized models revealed considerable spatial and temporal variability. the disease peaked in some areas in the 1990 ... | 2010 | 20927370 |
| human herpesvirus 6 infection as a trigger of multiple sclerosis. | we systematically reviewed the existing evidence to determine whether a relationship exists between infection with human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and multiple sclerosis (ms) and, if so, to define the strength of that relationship. the following terms were used in searches of the entrez-pubmed database (1966-2009): human herpes virus 6, hhv 6, demyelination, multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, diagnosis, serology, cerebrospinal fluid, igg antibodies, igm antibodies, pcr, and lymphoproliferative techni ... | 2010 | 20926836 |
| immature and transitional b cells are latency reservoirs for a gammaherpesvirus. | gammaherpesviruses, including kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; also known as human herpesvirus 8 [hhv-8]), epstein-barr virus (ebv), and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv68; also known as gammaherpesvirus 68 [γhv68] or murine herpesvirus 4 [muhv-4]), establish lifelong latency in the resting memory b cell compartment. however, little is known about how this reservoir of infected mature b cells is maintained for the life of the host. in the context of a normal immune system, the matur ... | 2010 | 20926565 |
| marek's disease resistant/susceptible mhc haplotypes in xiayan chickens identified on the basis of blb2 pcr-rflp and blb2/bf2 sequence analyses. | 1. the aim was to analyse the variability of the blb2/bf2 genes of xiayan chickens to identify homozygous birds with resistance or susceptibility to marek's disease (md). 2. the experiment used two lines: birds from a common line were divided into group a (unvaccinated) and group b (vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)); and birds from an md-resistant line were divided into group c (unvaccinated) and group d (vaccinated with hvt). they were challenged intra-abdominally with marek's disea ... | 2010 | 20924848 |
| autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune neutropenia in a child with erythroblastopenia of childhood (tec) caused by human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6). | 2010 | 20922523 | |
| [comprehensive examination of the female urogenital tract infection by polymerase chain reaction using multiplex test systems]. | the results of the polymerase chain reaction studies performed in 2006-2008 were used to make a retrospective analysis of the detection of urogenital herpesvirus infections in reproductive-aged women constituting the urban population of the central region of russia. the study used both monotarget and mutiplex test systems to detect herpes simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus types 6 and 7. a total of about 7.500 referrals; the detection rate for ... | 2010 | 20886722 |
| infection of central nervous system endothelial cells by cell-associated ehv-1. | infection with equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) causes respiratory disease, late-term abortions and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis (ehm). our understanding of ehm pathogenesis is limited except for the knowledge that ehv-1 infected, circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) transport virus to the central nervous system vasculature causing endothelial cell infection leading to development of ehm. our objective was to develop a model of cns endothelial cell infection using ehv-1 infe ... | 2010 | 20884134 |
| eruptive microvenular hemangiomas in 4 chinese patients: clinicopathologic correlation and review of the literature. | microvenular hemangioma (mvh) is an uncommon benign vascular neoplasm that usually occurs as a solitary asymptomatic red or purple papule, nodule, or plaque with a predilection for the upper extremities. patients with more than 1 lesion, that is, multiple mvhs, are extremely rare. we describe the clinicopathologic features of 4 chinese patients who had a rapidly progressive abrupt onset of numerous mvhs numbering in the tens to hundreds. clinically, the correct diagnosis of mvh could not be made ... | 2010 | 20881833 |
| infections due to human herpesvirus 6 in solid organ transplant recipients. | purpose of review: this article summarizes the current state of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) infection after solid organ transplantation. recent findings: hhv-6 reactivates commonly during the early weeks after solid organ transplantation. however, disease due to hhv-6 is uncommon and is manifested as a febrile illness associated with rash and tissue-invasive manifestations such as encephalitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and gastrointestinal disease. h ... | 2010 | 20881490 |
| covalent modification by sumo is required for efficient disruption of pml oncogenic domains by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent protein lana2. | the multifunctional kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latent protein latency-associated nuclear antigen 2 (lana2) has a critical role in kshv-induced b-cell malignancies. lana2 increases the level of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo)2-ubiquitin-modified pml and induces the disruption of pml oncogenic domains (pods) by a process that requires a non-covalent sumo interaction domain (sim) in lana2. we now demonstrate that lana2 is covalently conjugated to sumo1 and sumo2 both in vit ... | 2010 | 20881090 |
| a p53-dependent promoter associated with polymorphic tandem repeats controls the expression of a viral transcript encoding clustered micrornas. | the tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a role in cellular responses to cancer-initiating events by regulating progress through the cell cycle. several recent studies have shown that p53 transactivates expression of the members of the proapoptotic microrna-34 family, which are underexpressed in several cancers. we demonstrate here that the latency-associated cluster of micrornas (mirna) encoded by an oncogenic herpesvirus, gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), is a direct target of p53. robust transcrip ... | 2010 | 20881002 |
| whole-exome sequencing-based discovery of stim1 deficiency in a child with fatal classic kaposi sarcoma. | classic kaposi sarcoma (ks) is exceedingly rare in children from the mediterranean basin, despite the high prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection in this region. we hypothesized that rare single-gene inborn errors of immunity to hhv-8 may underlie classic ks in childhood. we investigated a child with no other unusually severe infectious or tumoral phenotype who died from disseminated ks at two years of age. whole-exome sequencing in the patient revealed a homozygous splice-site muta ... | 2010 | 20876309 |
| immunoliposomal systems targeting primary effusion lymphoma: in vitro study. | to develop an appropriate liposomal formulation for gene delivery against primary effusion lymphoma (pel), a herpesvirus hhv8-associated b-cell lymphoma. | 2010 | 20874020 |
| [effects of silver and silicon dioxide nanopowders on the development of herpesvirus infection in vitro]. | estimation of the potential ability of nanoparticles (np) to affect human health has generated a need for developing rapid, sensitive, and efficient laboratory tests of the toxicity of nanomaterials. the purpose of the investigation was to study the cytotoxic effect of np of silver (ag) and silicon dioxide (sio2). the transplantable vero cells treated with np at different concentrations were used as target cells. some experiments examined the combined effects of nanopowders and herpes simplex vi ... | 2010 | 20873393 |
| review part 3: human herpesvirus-6 in multiple non-neurological diseases. | 2010 | 20872717 | |
| detection of β-herpesviruses in polish adult cord blood stem cell recipients by real-time pcr: single centre study. | umbilical cord blood transplantation (ucbt) is known to be associated with increased risk of infections, compared to bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. in viral diseases for which specific treatment is available, real-time pcr assays are reliable diagnostic tools for timely initiation of appropriate therapy and for rapid assessment of the efficacy of antiviral treatment strategies. a retrospective review of samples from a group of seven adult cord blood stem cell recipien ... | 2010 | 20872080 |
| identification of a lysosomal pathway regulating degradation of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type ii. | bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) are critically involved in early development and cell differentiation. in humans, dysfunction of the bone morphogenetic protein type ii receptor (bmpr-ii) is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) and neoplasia. the ability of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the etiologic agent of kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma, to down-regulate cell surface receptor expression is well documented. here we show that kshv infection reduc ... | 2010 | 20870717 |
| repression of interferon-α stimulated genes expression by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus k-bzip protein. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes a transcriptional repressor, k-bzip. we previously demonstrated that k-bzip suppresses interferon (ifn)-β expression. here, we provide evidence that k-bzip affects ifn signaling, resulting in impaired ifn-stimulated genes expression. inhibition by k-bzip is independent of the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins or the binding of the ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 to the ifn-stimulated responsive eleme ... | 2010 | 20870261 |
| herpesvirus telomerase rna(vtr)-dependent lymphoma formation does not require interaction of vtr with telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert). | telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the maintenance of telomeres, a protective structure at the distal ends of chromosomes. the enzyme complex contains two main components, telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert), the catalytic subunit, and telomerase rna (tr), which serves as a template for the addition of telomeric repeats (ttaggg)(n). marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic herpesvirus inducing fatal lymphoma in chickens, encodes a tr homologue, viral tr (vtr), which signi ... | 2010 | 20865127 |
| kaposi's sarcoma and its associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is the most common cancer in hiv-infected untreated individuals. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8)) is the infectious cause of this neoplasm. in this review we describe the epidemiology of ks and kshv, and the insights into the remarkable mechanisms through which kshv can induce ks that have been gained in the past 16 years. kshv latent transcripts, such as latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana), viral cyclin, viral f ... | 2010 | 20865011 |
| identifying dysregulated genes induced by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). | currently ks is the most predominant hiv/aids related malignancy in southern africa and hence the world. it is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare b cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of pleural effusion lymphomas (pel) and some forms of multicentric castleman's disease. only 1-5% of cells in ks lesions actively support lytic replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the etiological agent associated with ks, ... | 2010 | 20864930 |
| castleman disease in the 21st century: an update on diagnosis, assessment, and therapy. | castleman disease (cd) is a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder that can affect single lymph node stations or, alternatively, can be generalized. interleukin 6 (il6) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cd. human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), which encodes a viral homolog of il6, is the driving force in hiv-positive patients. the role of hhv8 in hiv-negative cd is controversial. historically, the prognosis of patients with generalized or multicentric cd has been thought to be poor. however, ... | 2010 | 20864917 |
| cell membrane-bound kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded glycoprotein b promotes virus latency by regulating expression of cellular egr-1. | one of the important questions in the field of virus research is about the balance between latent and lytic cycles of replication. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) remains predominantly in a latent state, with only 1-3% of cells supporting a lytic replication at any time. kshv glycoprotein b (gb) is expressed not only on the virus envelope but also on the surfaces of the few cells supporting lytic replication. using co-culture experiments, we determined that expression of kshv gb o ... | 2010 | 20864524 |
| expression of the c-terminal orf2 protein of duck astrovirus for application in a serological test. | duck astrovirus (dastv) is an important pathogen causing duck viral hepatitis (dvh), a highly contagious and fatal disease in young ducklings. to provide an antigen for a diagnostic serum test, the c-terminus of dastv orf2 protein was expressed in escherichia coli. four positive and 30 negative sera were used to validate the purified orf2 protein by developing an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). no cross-reactions were found against other duck pathogens, including duck hepatit ... | 2010 | 20863856 |
| human herpesvirus 6 encoded glycoprotein q1 gene is essential for virus growth. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) glycoprotein q1 (gq1), a unique gene in hhv-6, forms a complex with glycoproteinh (gh) and gl, which is the viral ligand for its cellular receptor, cd46. however, whether gq1 is essential for virus growth is unknown, because a system is lacking for making gene knockouts for hhv-6. recently, bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) and e. coli mutagenesis techniques have been applied to herpesvirus investigation. here we successfully inserted the hhv-6a genome into a bac, ... | 2010 | 20863544 |
| sex and geographic patterns of human herpesvirus 8 infection in a nationally representative population‐based sample in uganda. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), the infectious cause of kaposi sarcoma, varies dramatically across africa, suggesting that cofactors correlated with large-area geographic or environmental characteristics may influence risk of infection. variation in hhv8 seropositivity across small-area regions within countries in africa is unknown. we investigated this issue in uganda, where kaposi sarcoma distribution is uneven and well described. | 2010 | 20863232 |
| characterization of epstein-barr virus mirnaome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by deep sequencing. | virus-encoded micrornas (mirnas) have been shown to regulate a variety of biological processes involved in viral infection and viral-associated pathogenesis. epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a herpesvirus implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) and other human malignancies. ebv-encoded mirnas were among the first group of viral mirnas identified. to understand the roles of ebv mirnas in the pathogenesis of npc, we utilized deep sequencing technology to characterize the ebv mirna transcriptome in ... | 2010 | 20862214 |
| toxic epidermal necrolysis with prominent facial pustules: a case with reactivation of human herpesvirus 7. | a 37-year-old japanese man presented with confluent erythemas and progressive erosive lesions on the almost entire body including the oral mucosa and genitalia. this was accompanied with prominent facial pustules. although a lymphocyte stimulation test was positive only for acetaminophen, he took other agents including carbamazepine for his depression. he was diagnosed as having toxic epidermal necrolysis with prominent facial pustules and treated by methylprednisolone pulse therapy, which resul ... | 2010 | 20861604 |
| a double mutation in glycoprotein gb compensates for ineffective gd-dependent initiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry into cells is triggered by the binding of envelope glycoprotein d (gd) to a specific receptor, such as nectin-1 or herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem), resulting in activation of the fusion effectors gb and gh and virus penetration. here we report the identification of a hyperactive gb allele, d285n/a549t, selected by repeat passage of a gd mutant virus defective for nectin-1 binding through cells that express a gd-binding-impaired mutant nectin-1. the gb allele in ... | 2010 | 20861246 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor 4 (virf4/k10) is a novel interaction partner of csl/cbf1, the major downstream effector of notch signaling. | in cells infected with the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), csl/cbf1 signaling is essential for viral replication and promotes the survival of kshv-infected cells. csl/cbf1 is a dna adaptor molecule which recruits coactivator and corepressor complexes to regulate viral and cellular gene transcription and which is a major downstream effector molecule of activated notch. the interaction of kshv rta and lana with csl/cbf1 has been shown to balance the lytic and latent viral life cycl ... | 2010 | 20861242 |
| immune evasion by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | persistent viral infections are often associated with serious diseases, primarily by altering functions of the host immune system. the hallmark of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection is the establishment of a life-long persistent infection, which leads to several clinical, epidemiological and infectious diseases, such as kaposi's sarcoma, a plasmablastic variant of multicentric castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. to sustain an efficient life-long persistency, ... | 2010 | 20860481 |
| involvement of human herpesvirus-6 variant b in classic hodgkin's lymphoma via dr7 oncoprotein. | hodgkin's lymphoma (hl) is associated with the presence of ebv in reed-sternberg (rs) cells in ∼40% of cases. here, we studied the presence of human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv-6) variant b in rs cells of hl patients and correlated results with clinical parameters. we then examined the implication of hhv-6 dr7b protein in cell deregulation. | 2010 | 20858841 |
| secretion of the human toll-like receptor 3 ectodomain is affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms and regulated by unc93b1. | the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) can be present on the surface of the plasma membranes of cells and in endolysosomes. the unc93b1 protein has been reported to facilitate localization of tlr7 and 9 and is required for tlr3, -7, and -9 signaling. we demonstrate that sirna knockdown of unc93b1 reduced the abundance of tlr3 on the cell surface without altering total tlr3 accumulation. in addition, sirna to unc93b1 reduced the secretion of the tlr3 ectodomain (t3ecd) into the ce ... | 2010 | 20855885 |
| integration of bovine herpesvirus 4 genome into cultured persistently infected host cell genome. | persistent infection of macrophages with bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) has been proposed to play a secondary causal role, along with bacterial infection, in bovine post-partum metritis. mechanisms of maintenance of bohv-4 persistent infection are not understood. we previously generated in vitro models of bohv-4 persistent infection in human rhadomyosarcoma and bovine macrophage cell lines by drug selection of cells infected with bohv-4 carrying a drug-resistance marker, and demonstrated circular ... | 2010 | 20854697 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus load in asymptomatic contacts of cuban epidemic ks patients. | to evaluate the pathogenic mechanisms and transmission routes involved in kshv infection in 22 cuban individuals who maintained close contact with epidemic ks patients, real-time pcr was used to quantify kshv-dna in clinical samples of plasma, saliva and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). kshv-dna was detected in 72.7% (16/22) of the contacts. the highest levels of kshv load were detected in saliva, followed by pbmc (average log copies/100 ng dna = 1.28 and 1.12), while significantly low ... | 2010 | 20852904 |
| genetics and vaccine efficacy: host genetic variation affecting marek's disease vaccine efficacy in white leghorn chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a t-cell lymphoma disease of domestic chickens induced by md virus (mdv), a naturally oncogenic and highly contagious cell-associated α-herpesvirus. earlier reports have shown that the mhc haplotype as well as non-mhc genes are responsible for genetic resistance to md. the mhc was also shown to affect efficiency of vaccine response. using specific-pathogen-free chickens from a series of 19 recombinant congenic strains and their 2 progenitor lines (lines 6(3) and 7(2)), va ... | 2010 | 20852098 |
| viral encephalitis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a rare complication with distinct characteristics of different causative agents. | limited data are available on characteristics of viral encephalitis in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2011 | 20851868 |
| infectious causes for feline upper respiratory tract disease--a case-control study. | the aim of this case-control study was to investigate the prevalence of microorganisms in group-living cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), in in-contact cats and in cats in groups without urtd problems. samples were taken from the ventral conjunctival fornix for analysis of feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv), mycoplasma felis and chlamydiaceae using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. the oropharynx was sampled for bacteriological culture and viral isolation. ... | 2010 | 20851008 |
| prevalence of select infectious agents in inflammatory aural and nasopharyngeal polyps from client-owned cats. | benign, inflammatory polyps may affect the nasopharynx and auditory canal of cats. it has been proposed that inflammation induced by infectious disease agents could trigger polyp formation. the objective of this pilot study was to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), mycoplasma species, bartonella species and chlamydophila felis nucleic acids in polyp tissues collected from 30 clinically affected cats. samples collected from the tympanic bulla from ... | 2010 | 20850367 |
| functional characterization of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus small capsid protein by bacterial artificial chromosome-based mutagenesis. | a systematic investigation of interactions amongst kshv capsid proteins was undertaken in this study to comprehend lesser known kshv capsid assembly mechanisms. interestingly the interaction patterns of the kshv small capsid protein, orf65 suggested its plausible role in viral capsid assembly pathways. towards further understanding this, orf65-null recombinant mutants (bac-∆65 and bac-stop65) employing a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) system were generated. no significant difference was f ... | 2010 | 20850163 |
| demyelinating lesions with features of balo's concentric sclerosis in a patient with active hepatitis c and human herpesvirus 6 infection. | 2011 | 20849439 | |
| micrornas encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus regulate viral life cycle. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is linked with kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas. the pathogenesis of kshv depends on the balance between two phases of the viral cycle: latency and lytic replication. in this study, we report that kshv-encoded micrornas (mirnas) function as regulators by maintaining viral latency and inhibiting viral lytic replication. mirnas are short, noncoding, small rnas that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of messenger rnas. of the 12 viral mirnas ... | 2010 | 20847741 |
| production, purification and characterization of polyclonal antibody against the truncated gk of the duck enteritis virus. | duck virus enteritis (dve) is an acute, contagious herpesvirus infection of ducks, geese, and swans, which has produced significant economic losses in domestic and wild waterfowl. with the purpose of decreasing economic losses in the commercial duck industry, studying the unknown glycoprotein k (gk) of dev may be a new method for preferably preventing and curing this disease. so this is the first time to product and purify the rabbit anti-tgk polyclonal antibody. through the western blot and eli ... | 2010 | 20846457 |
| negative herpesvirus-8 immunoreactivity does not exclude a diagnosis of kaposi sarcoma. | 2011 | 20846307 | |
| nf-κb as a target for oncogenic viruses. | nf-κb is a pivotal transcription factor that controls cell survival and proliferation in diverse physiological processes. the activity of nf-κb is tightly controlled through its cytoplasmic sequestration by specific inhibitors, iκbs. various cellular stimuli induce the activation of an iκb kinase, which phosphorylates iκbs and triggers their proteasomal degradation, causing nuclear translocation of activated nf-κb. under normal conditions, the activation of nf-κb occurs transiently, thus ensurin ... | 2011 | 20845110 |
| lysine residues of interferon regulatory factor 7 affect the replication and transcription activator-mediated lytic replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection goes through latent and lytic phases, which are controlled by the viral replication and transcription activator (rta). upon kshv infection, the host responds by suppressing rta-activated lytic gene expression through interferon regulatory factor 7 (irf-7), a key regulator of host innate immune response. lysine residues are potential sites for post-translational modification of irf-7, and were suggested to be critical for its activity. in t ... | 2011 | 20844090 |
| herpesviruses and chromosomal integration. | herpesviruses are members of a diverse family of viruses that colonize all vertebrates from fish to mammals. although more than one hundred herpesviruses exist, all are nearly identical architecturally, with a genome consisting of a linear double-stranded dna molecule (100 to 225 kbp) protected by an icosahedral capsid made up of 162 hollow-centered capsomeres, a tegument surrounding the nucleocapsid, and a viral envelope derived from host membranes. upon infection, the linear viral dna is deliv ... | 2010 | 20844040 |
| regulation of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor protein (tweakr) expression by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microrna prevents tweak-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine expression. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the causative agent of ks, the second most common aids-associated malignancy. kshv expresses at least 18 different mature micrornas (mirnas) during latency. to identify cellular targets of kshv mirnas, we have analyzed a previously reported series of microarrays examining changes in cellular gene expression in the presence of kshv mirnas. tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (tweak) receptor (tweakr) was among the most ... | 2010 | 20844036 |
| transcription phase, protein characteristics of dev ul45 and prokaryotic expression, antibody preparation of the ul45 des-transmembrane domain. | some ul45 gene function of herpesvirus was reported. while there was no any report of the duck enteritis virus (dev) ul45 protein as yet. | 2010 | 20843372 |
| age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection. | equid herpesvirus 5 (ehv-5) infection was detected in a farm in italy by the use of a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting glycoprotein b of ehv-5 on nasal swabs and blood samples of clinically healthy and randomly selected lipizzaner horses (n = 55). twenty-five horses at the age of 4-17 years and 30 at an age of 1-3 years were sampled once. the association of the infection with these age-groups and the gender of the horses was investigated. the apparent prevalence of ehv-5 inf ... | 2010 | 20842426 |
| antiviral activity of bignoniaceae species occurring in the state of minas gerais (brazil): part 1. | to evaluate the antiviral activity of bignoniaceae species occurring in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | 2010 | 20840554 |
| cyclin-dependent kinase-like function is shared by the beta- and gamma- subset of the conserved herpesvirus protein kinases. | the ul97 protein of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv, or hhv-5 (human herpesvirus 5)), is a kinase that phosphorylates the cellular retinoblastoma (rb) tumor suppressor and lamin a/c proteins that are also substrates of cellular cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). a functional complementation assay has further shown that ul97 has authentic cdk-like activity. the other seven human herpesviruses each encode a kinase with sequence and positional homology to ul97. these ul97-homologous proteins have been te ... | 2010 | 20838604 |
| preemptive therapy of human herpesvirus-6 encephalitis with foscarnet sodium for high-risk patients after hematopoietic sct. | human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) is a major cause of limbic encephalitis with a dismal prognosis after allogeneic hematopoietic sct (hsct). a prospective, multicenter study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of preemptive therapy with foscarnet sodium (pfa) for the prevention of hhv-6 encephalitis. plasma hhv-6 dna was measured thrice weekly from day 7 until day 36 after umbilical cord blood transplantation (ucbt) or hsct from hla-haploidentical relatives. pfa, 90 mg/kg/day, was started ... | 2010 | 20838386 |
| comparison of two real-time pcr methods for detection of ostreid herpesvirus 1 in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas. | the real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is considered to be a suitable tool for nucleic acid quantitation because it is accurate, rapid and reliable. the reference protocol for quantitation of ostreid herpesvirus 1 in pacific oysters crassostrea gigas is based on a sybr(®) green real-time pcr developed by the ifremer laboratory. the frank duncombe departmental laboratory has developed an alternative protocol based on taqman(®) chemistry (alternative technique). the quantitation limits were ... | 2010 | 20837066 |
| insight into the mechanism of human herpesvirus 7 u21-mediated diversion of class i mhc molecules to lysosomes. | the u21 open reading frame from human herpesvirus-7 encodes a membrane protein that associates with and redirects class i mhc molecules to the lysosomal compartment. the mechanism by which u21 accomplishes this trafficking excursion is unknown. here we have examined the contribution of localization, glycosylation, domain structure, and the absence of substrate class i mhc molecules on the ability of u21 to traffic to lysosomes. our results suggest the existence of a cellular protein necessary fo ... | 2010 | 20833720 |
| contribution of lysine 11-linked ubiquitination to mir2-mediated major histocompatibility complex class i internalization. | the polyubiquitin chain is generated by the sequential addition of ubiquitin moieties to target molecules, a reaction between specific lysine residues that is catalyzed by e3 ubiquitin ligase. the lys(48)-linked and lys(63)-linked polyubiquitin chains are well established inducers of proteasome-dependent degradation and signal transduction, respectively. the concept has recently emerged that polyubiquitin chain-mediated regulation is even more complex because various types of atypical polyubiqui ... | 2010 | 20833710 |
| [acute human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) infections: when and how to treat?]. | the pathogenicity of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) still raises numerous questions. acute hhv-6 infections correspond to primary infections, reactivations or exogenous reinfections. the expression of related clinical symptoms is highly variable but may be extremely severe, particularly among immunocompromised patients. the prototypic severe disease associated with these infections is limbic encephalitis occurring in stem cell transplant recipients. the diagnosis of acute hhv-6 infections relies on ... | 2011 | 20832191 |
| immunohistochemical approach to the pathogenesis of clinical cases of bovine herpesvirus type 5 infections. | meningoencephalitis by herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) in cattle has some features that are similar to those of herpetic encephalitis in humans and other animal species. human herpesvirus 3 (commonly known as varicella-zoster virus 1), herpes simplex viruses (hsv), and equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) induce an intense inflammatory, vascular and cellular response. in spite of the many reports describing the histological lesions associated with natural and experimental infections, the immunopathological m ... | 2010 | 20831786 |
| activation of t-cell-factor-dependent transcription by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication transactivation activator. | to elucidate the cellular function of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) replication transactivation activator (rta) at the transcriptional level. | 2011 | 20829605 |
| efficacy of an inactivated, recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) vaccine. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is the causative agent of bovine herpetic encephalitis. in countries where bohv-5 is prevalent, attempts to vaccinate cattle to prevent clinical signs from bohv-5-induced disease have relied essentially on vaccination with bohv-1 vaccines. however, such practice has been shown not to confer full protection to bohv-5 challenge. in the present study, an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine prepared with a recombinant bohv-5 from which the genes coding for glycopro ... | 2011 | 20828945 |
| requirement of uap56, urh49, rbm15, and ott3 in the expression of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57. | transport of mrna from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is mediated by cellular rna export factors. in this report, we examined how rna export factors uap56 and urh49, and rna export cofactors rbm15 and ott3, function in modulating kshv orf57 expression. we found that knockdown of each factor by rnai led to decreased orf57 expression. specifically, reduced expression of either uap56 or rbm15 led to nuclear export deficiency of orf57 rna. in the context of the kshv genome, the near absence of uap56 o ... | 2010 | 20828777 |
| igg subclasses and dna detection of hhv-6 and hhv-7 in healthy individuals. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and 7 (hhv-7) are common opportunistic agents in immunocompromised hosts, although infection with hhv-6 and hhv-7 can also be observed in immunocompetent hosts. despite similar biology and epidemiology, this study evaluated differences in the igg subclass distribution associated with hhv-6 and hhv-7 in seropositive, healthy persons. the identified subclasses were also compared with the detection of hhv-6 and hhv-7 dna. for these assays, sera, plasma, and saliva sample ... | 2010 | 20827764 |
| review part 2: human herpesvirus-6 in central nervous system diseases. | 2010 | 20827763 | |
| impact of etif deletion on safety and immunogenicity of equine herpesvirus type 1-vectored vaccines. | heterologous gene transfer by viral vector systems is often limited by factors such as preexisting immunity, toxicity, low packaging capacity, or weak immunogenic potential. a novel viral vector system derived from equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) not only overcomes some of these obstacles but also promotes the robust expression of a delivered transgene and the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. regarding an enhanced safety profile, we assessed the impact of the gene encoding the s ... | 2010 | 20826695 |