Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| geographic pattern of serum antibody prevalence for brucella spp. in caribou, grizzly bears, and wolves from alaska, 1975-1998. | blood samples were collected from 2,635 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 1,238 grizzly bears (ursus arctos), and 930 wolves (canis lupus) from throughout mainland alaska during 1975-98. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to brucella spp. serum antibody prevalences were highest in the northwestern region of the state. in any specific area, antibody prevalences for caribou and wolves were of a similar magnitude, whereas antibody prevalence for bears in these same areas were two to three times h ... | 2006 | 17092888 |
| simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat. | caribou are an integral component of high-latitude ecosystems and represent a major subsistence food source for many northern people. the availability and quality of winter habitat is critical to sustain these caribou populations. caribou commonly use older spruce woodlands with adequate terrestrial lichen, a preferred winter forage, in the understory. changes in climate and fire regime pose a significant threat to the long-term sustainability of this important winter habitat. computer simulatio ... | 2006 | 17069367 |
| reindeer beta-lactoglobulin crystal structure with pseudo-body-centred noncrystallographic symmetry. | reindeer beta-lactoglobulin (betalg) belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. its dna and protein sequences have been determined and showed that it had nine residue changes from bovine betalg. reindeer betalg, the structure of which was finally determined at 2.1 a resolution in space group p1, crystallized in a unit cell that is both p2-like and p2(1)-like owing to the presence of an almost perfect (but noncrystallographic) body-centring vector. the non-body-centred data could only be observed usin ... | 2006 | 17057340 |
| suicide among indigenous sami in arctic norway, 1970-1998. | suicide mortality was examined between 1970 and 1998 in a cohort of 19,801 persons categorized as indigenous sami in arctic norway. standardized mortality ratios (smr) were calculated using the suicide rates of the rural population of arctic norway as reference. there was a significant moderate increased risk for suicide among indigenous sami (smr = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.02-1.56). in the study period, 89 suicides occurred in the cohort (70 men and 19 women) with increased suicide ... | 2006 | 17048080 |
| oral myiasis in a child by the reindeer warble fly larva hypoderma tarandi. | we describe a case of human oral myiasis by a first-stage larva of the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma (oedemagena) tarandi (l.) (diptera: oestridae), in a 12-year-old girl. in september the patient complained of erythema, swelling and conjunctivitis of the right eyelid. symptoms subsided spontaneously but re-occurred in october. in december she presented with acute swelling of the right corner of the mouth. later that day a living larva protruded from this swelling. the patient had been on vacat ... | 2006 | 17044887 |
| balancing within various discourses--the art of being old and living as a sami woman. | the aim of this part of the umeå 85+ study was to explore how indigenous women narrate their lives and their experience of being old as sami women. interviews with 9 old sami women were analyzed using grounded theory. the categories identified were "reindeer as the basis of life," "longing for significant sami values," "feeling valued as a sami woman," and "changing for survival;" these evolved into the core category: "balancing within various discourses-the art of being old and living as a sami ... | 2006 | 17043029 |
| ige cross reactivity between reindeer and bovine milk beta-lactoglobulins in cow's milk allergic patients. | allergic reactions to cow's milk are common in small children. one of the main protein allergens found in cow's milk is beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg). reindeer and bovine milk both contain related beta-lg proteins, but the allergenicity of reindeer beta-lg has not previously been studied. the purpose of this study was to analyze the immunological cross-reactivity of ige antibodies from children with cow's milk allergy to reindeer and bovine beta-lg. | 2006 | 17039668 |
| [disease monitoring in european mouflon (ovis gmelini musimon) populations by clinical blood tests--aspects of epidemiology and treatment control of claw diseases]. | european mouflon are in the focus of research since they were brought from the tyrrhenic islands to the european mainland a hundred years ago. from the beginning many populations on european mainland suffer from different claw diseases which are unknown in their original habitats. foot rot, the ovine purulent laminitis, whose existence im wild ruminants was negotiated some years before, furthermore claw alterations caused by primary or secondary lack of trace elements similar to the copper defic ... | 2006 | 17007468 |
| perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast european russia. | using interdisciplinary field research in the usa basin, northeast european russia, we compared local inhabitants' perception of environmental problems with chemical and remote-sensing signatures of environmental pollution and their local impacts. extensive coal mining since the 1930s around inta and vorkuta has left a legacy of pollution, detected by measuring snowpack, topsoil, and lichen chemistry, together with remote-sensing techniques and analysis of lake water and sediments. vorkuta and i ... | 2006 | 16989506 |
| campylobacter spp., enterococcus spp., escherichia coli, salmonella spp., yersinia spp., and cryptosporidium oocysts in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern finland and norway. | the specific aim of this study was to assess the faecal shedding of zoonotic enteropathogens by semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) to deduce the potential risk to human health through modern reindeer herding. in total, 2,243 faecal samples of reindeer from northern regions of finland and norway were examined for potentially enteropathogenic bacteria (campylobacter species, enterococcus species, escherichia coli, salmonella species and yersinia species) and parasites (cryptos ... | 2006 | 16987403 |
| temporomandibular disorders, headaches, and cervical pain among females in a sami population. | the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and co-morbidity of long-standing, intense, and frequent symptoms of pain and dysfunction in the jaw-face, head, and cervical region among adult females drawn from the sami population in northern sweden. | 2006 | 16945899 |
| population dynamics of nematode parasites of reindeer in the sub-arctic. | nematode parasite infections of semi-domestic reindeer grazing in their natural habitat in northern finland were monitored for approximately 2 years. this was achieved by monthly faecal egg counts of male and female calves and adult females from an experimental reindeer herd, in addition to estimating the acquisition of nematode infection from pasture using tracer reindeer calves. the most abundant parasite was ostertagia gruehneri in the worm counts of tracer animals and in faecal egg counts of ... | 2006 | 16934935 |
| influence of diet on fatty acids and tocopherols in m. longissimus dorsi from reindeer. | our aim was to compare the effects of two pelleted diets containing differing fa composition with natural lichen pasture on reindeer's meat fa composition. in addition we wanted to increase the knowledge about reindeer fa metabolism and the effect of animal sex and age on fa composition in reindeer muscle. the trial included five reindeer groups: three grazing, consisting of adult males, adult females, and calves; and two groups of calves fed conventional pellets (cpd) and pellets containing cru ... | 2006 | 16933791 |
| lifestyle, genetics, and disease in sami. | to present a summary of the lifestyle, genetic origin, diet, and disease in the population of sami, indigenous people of northern fennoscandia. | 2006 | 16909452 |
| diet and behavior of the saint-césaire neanderthal inferred from biogeochemical data inversion. | biogeochemistry is a powerful tool for dietary reconstruction, and mixing equations can be used to quantify the contribution of multiple sources to an individual's diet. the goals of this paper are: 1) to generalize the inverse method to dietary mixtures; and 2) to reconstruct the diet of the saint-césaire neanderthal using sr/ca and ba/ca data of the mineral fraction of bone (hydroxylapatite), and with published delta13c and delta15n data of the associated organic fraction of bone (collagen). a ... | 2006 | 16908051 |
| decreasing lead levels in swedish biota revealed by 36 years (1969-2004) of environmental monitoring. | since the 1980s, lead levels decreased significantly in most marine biota from the baltic sea, the kattegatt and the skagerrack and in terrestrial biota from south and central sweden, analysed in the national swedish environmental monitoring programme. in herring and cod liver, the decrease was 4.2-7.1% annually 1981-2003 and in perch liver and guillemot eggs analysed since the middle of the 1990s the decrease was 10-13%. in kidneys of young starlings from south and central sweden, lead levels d ... | 2006 | 16896466 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in two subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) in newfoundland and labrador, and foxes (vulpes vulpes), wolves (canis lupus), and husky dogs (canis familiaris) as potential definitive hosts. | a study was conducted to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of sarcocystis spp. infecting 2 subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) inhabiting newfoundland and labrador and its potential definitive hosts. muscle samples of caribou were obtained, primarily from hunters, and feces of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and wolves (canis lupus), from trappers, and husky dogs (canis familiaris), from owners. histological sections of muscle and flotation methods for feces were used for pa ... | 2006 | 16884021 |
| an exploratory study of total mercury levels in archaeological caribou hair from northwest alaska. | over the past ten years, total mercury (thg) levels have been surveyed in alaskan wildlife and fish as part of the arctic monitoring and assessment (amap). beyond these studies there is little historical data on thg levels in important subsistence species for people in alaska. a survey of thg in caribou hair from archaeological deposits would provide data to develop temporal trends for this region of the arctic. caribou hair from a western thule settlement beneath the alaska native village of de ... | 2006 | 16876850 |
| helminthologic survey of the wolf (canis lupus) in estonia, with an emphasis on echinococcus granulosus. | carcasses of 26 wolves were collected during the 2000/2001 and 2003/2004 hunting seasons and examined for helminths. thirteen helminth species were recorded: one trematode (alaria alata), seven cestodes (diphyllobothrium latum, mesocestoides lineatus, taenia hydatigena, taenia multiceps, taenia ovis, taenia pisiformis, and echinococcus granulosus), and five nematode species (uncinaria stenocephala, toxascaris leonina, toxocara canis, trichinella nativa, and trichinella britovi). the most common ... | 2006 | 16870858 |
| identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | during an 18-mo period (may 2002-november 2003), 10 animals in a herd of 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) at the national animal disease center (nadc) experienced episodes of anemia. affected animals had histories of weight loss, unthriftiness, occasionally edema of dependent parts and moderate anemia characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis. numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less tha ... | 2006 | 16870847 |
| investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in siberia: genetic variation and the origins of yakuts. | the yakuts (also known as sakha), turkic-speaking cattle- and horse-breeders, inhabit a vast territory in central and northeastern siberia. on the basis of the archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, they are assumed to have migrated north from their original area of settlement in the vicinity of lake baykal in south siberia under the pressure of the mongol expansion during the thirteenth to fifteenth century ad: . during their initial migration and subsequent expansion, the ancest ... | 2006 | 16845541 |
| mitochondrial dna and microsatellite dna variation in domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and relationships with wild caribou (rangifer tarandus granti, rangifer tarandus groenlandicus, and rangifer tarandus caribou). | reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in alaska are semidomestic livestock descended from 1280 animals introduced from siberia, russia, approximately 100 years ago. genetic variation at 18 microsatellite dna loci and the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) was quantified in reindeer from alaska, siberia (russia), and scandinavia and compared with wild north american caribou. mean sequence divergence among 15 mtdna haplotypes in reindeer was 0.007 substitutions per nucleotide site, and ... | 2006 | 16837563 |
| [comparative analysis of functions of reproductive organs in cow and female reindeer. blood cells content in vessels of reproductive organs]. | 2006 | 16808284 | |
| vsp accumulation and cold-inducible gene expression during autumn hardening and overwintering of alfalfa. | this study describes the time-course of the accumulation of total soluble proteins (tsps) and vegetative storage proteins (vsps) and of the transcripts of cold-inducible (ci) and vsp-encoding genes in taproots of two alfalfa cultivars (ac caribou and europe) during their acclimation to natural autumn hardening and overwintering conditions in eastern canada. the impact of a defoliation in september on these winter hardening-related changes was also assessed. both concentrations and pools of vsps ... | 2006 | 16798845 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium and giardia in free-ranging wild cervids in norway. | faecal samples were collected from 1,190 wild cervids in norway and analyzed for cysts/oocysts of the protozoan parasites giardia and cryptosporidium. samples were from calves, yearlings and adults of moose (alces alces), red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) shot during the hunting season. cryptosporidium was found in 15 (3.3%) of 455 moose, 1 (0.3%) of 289 red deer, 18 (6.2%) of 291 roe deer, but was not found in any of 155 reindeer. giardia ... | 2006 | 16797126 |
| diverse tastes: genetics of sweet and bitter perception. | humans will eat almost anything, from caribou livers to rutabagas, but there are some types of foods, and their associated taste qualities, that are preferred by large groups of people regardless of culture or experience. when many choices are available, humans chose foods that taste good, that is, create pleasing sensations in the mouth. the concept of good taste for most people encompasses both flavor and texture of food, and these sensations merge with taste proper to form the concept of good ... | 2006 | 16782140 |
| microplate screening assay for binding of ligands to bovine or reindeer beta-lactoglobulins. | several analytical methods have been used to determine whether ligands bind to bovine beta-lactoglobulin (betalg). the most common methods are based on fluorescence quenching. we have miniaturised this method from a quartz cell to a 96-well plate. the miniaturisation was evaluated using retinol. the binding constants between the two methods demonstrated a good correlation. the 96-well plate method is much faster and allows many references to be used in the same analysis. the miniaturised method ... | 2006 | 16766039 |
| [comparative analysis cows and female caribou reproductive organs function: progesterone contain in reproductive organs blood vessels]. | 2006 | 16756100 | |
| use of br and se in peat to reconstruct the natural and anthropogenic fluxes of atmospheric hg: a 10000-year record from caribou bog, maine. | using br and se as reference elements, the natural and anthropogenic fluxes of atmospheric hg were reconstructed for the past 10,000 years using peat cores from caribou bog, me. in the ombrotrophic peat layers, the average background hg accumulation rate (ar) was 1.7 +/- 1.3 microg m(-2) year(-1) which is comparable with the natural rate of atmospheric hg accumulation reported in other retrospective studies. the average hg ar determined using all peat samples dating from preindustrial times, inc ... | 2006 | 16749680 |
| in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from norwegian semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus ). | reindeer oocytes were submitted to in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture (ivm,ivf,ivc) using the established procedures for bovine in vitro embryo production. the study was conducted outside the main breeding season. semen was collected from epididymides immediately after slaughter, and was diluted in tris-fructose-citric acid extender containing 6% glycerol and 20% egg-yolk and then frozen in liquid nitrogen. following 24 h of maturation, cumulus expansion was complete, and 71% of the ... | 1994 | 16727394 |
| bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization and further development in vitro and after transfer into recipients. | bovine oocytes were aspirated from ovaries within 1.6 to 2 hours after slaughter. they were then matured in tcm-199 medium drops under oil in co(2)/air incubator at 39 degrees c. spermatozoa were capacitated in sp-talp medium with heparin. the percentage of embryos that developed in vitro to the 4- and 6- cell stages 48 hours post insemination and then reached the morula or blastocyst stage was 64.3% and 59.2%, respectively, while only 3.6% of the embryos that reached the 2-cell stage became mor ... | 1992 | 16727148 |
| ovarian function and pregnancy rates in reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus ) in southern norway. | reindeer calves (n = 632) were slaughtered in november/december (n = 476) or in january (n = 156). dressed weights and amount of perirenal fat were recorded, and the reproductive organs were collected. a separate group of 130 reindeer calves were weighed at 7 months of age and were followed up with repeated weighings and pregnancy examinations up to 21 months. the onset of puberty and the pregnancy rate were significantly influenced by body weight and the amount of perirenal fat. approximately 6 ... | 1991 | 16727001 |
| the third newly discovered eimeria species (protozoa: eimeriidae) described from wild reindeer, rangifer tarandus, in iceland. | fecal samples from 56 adult reindeer from eastern iceland were examined for coccidian parasites. one eimeria species was found in an 8-year-old male. prevalence of infection was 1.8%; oocyst per gram (opg) value was 150. the coccidium was identified and described as a new species. the sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal and average size is 30.0 x 21.1 microm. the oocyst has two distinct walls. wall thickness is approximately 1.0 microm, and the outer wall, approximately four-fifths of total thick ... | 2006 | 16721601 |
| good reindeer mothers live longer and become better in raising offspring. | longevity is the main factor influencing individual fitness of long-lived, iteroparous species. theories of life history evolution suggest this is because increased longevity allows individuals to (i) have more breeding attempts (time component), (ii) accumulate experience so as to become better able to rear offspring (experience component) or (iii) because individuals reaching old age have above-average quality (quality component). we assess empirically the relative influences of time, experien ... | 2006 | 16720397 |
| body protein stores and isotopic indicators of n balance in female reindeer (rangifer tarandus) during winter. | we studied bred and unbred female reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) during 12 wk of winter when ambient temperatures were low and nitrogen (n) demand for fetal growth is highest in pregnant females. animals were fed a complete pelleted diet ad lib. that contained 2.54% n in dry matter that was 80% +/- 2% (x +/- sd) digestible. female reindeer lost 64% +/- 14% of body fat but gained 34% +/- 11% of lean mass from 10 wk prepartum to parturition. these changes were equivalent to average balances ... | 2006 | 16691528 |
| age dependence of photosynthesis in the caribou lichen cladina stellaris. | the fruticose thallus of the lichen cladina stellaris (opiz.) brodo can be subdivided into individual whorls of branches of known age. photosynthesis declines steadily with age from a maximum rate of 0.76 milligram co(2) per gram dry weight per hour in 1-year-old whorls to 0.02 milligram co(2) per gram dry weight per hour after 15 years. conversely, the dry biomass of the whorls increases up to age 9 years and then approximately levels off. photosynthesis in whorls older than 15 years is less th ... | 1983 | 16662925 |
| activity and heart rate in semi-domesticated reindeer during adaptation to emergency feeding. | although reindeer are well adapted to limited food resources during winter, semi-domesticated reindeer are regularly fed when snow conditions are bad in order to prevent starvation. feeding sometimes results in health problems and loss of animals. this study was made to assess if activity pattern in reindeer could be used as a tool for the reindeer herder in early detection of animals that are not adapting to feeding. the frequency of 10 behavioural categories was recorded in five groups of penn ... | 2006 | 16643971 |
| quantification of cortisol, cortisol immunoreactive metabolites, and immunoglobulin a in serum, saliva, urine, and feces for noninvasive assessment of stress in reindeer. | this study was designed to develop reliable methods for quantification of cortisol and cortisol immunoreactive metabolites (c-cim) and immunoglobulin a (iga) in reindeer serum, saliva, urine, and feces as tools for the objective noninvasive assessment of well-being and immunocompetence in reindeer. although c-cim was readily quantifiable by radioimmunoassay in serum, urine, and feces, the levels in saliva samples were low, rendering quantification unreliable. whereas iga concentrations were high ... | 2006 | 16639949 |
| testing five hypotheses of sexual segregation in an arctic ungulate. | 1. sexual segregation occurs in most species of sexually dimorphic ungulates. at least five not mutually exclusive hypotheses have been formulated to explain patterns of social, habitat and spatial segregation; the indirect competition hypothesis (h1), the nutritional needs hypothesis (h2), the activity budget hypothesis (h3), the weather sensitivity hypothesis (h4), and the predation risk hypothesis (h5). 2. each hypothesis has a unique set of predictions with respect to the occurrence of segre ... | 2006 | 16638001 |
| ecological half-time and effective dose from chernobyl debris and from nuclear weapons fallout of 137cs as measured in different swedish populations. | the fallout in sweden of radiocesium from nuclear weapons tests during the 1960's (137cs) and from the chernobyl accident in 1986 (134cs and 137cs) has transferred to humans through different ecological pathways. data from whole-body burden measurements of 134cs, 137cs, and 40k in various swedish populations between 1964 and 2002 have been compiled. this database enables an evaluation of the temporal and geographical dependence of the transfer of radiocesium from ground deposition to humans and ... | 2006 | 16607176 |
| culture of the north american indians occupying the caribou area and its relation to other types of culture. | 1915 | 16586586 | |
| antigen-specific proliferation and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer. | to evaluate antigen-specific proliferative and activation-associated responses from mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer, blood mononuclear cells from m. bovis- (n = 10) and non-infected reindeer (n = 4) were stimulated with a recombinant early secretory antigenic target-6 and culture filtrate protein-10 fusion protein (resat6:cfp10), m. bovis purified protein derivative, pokeweed mitogen, or medium alone and evaluated by flow cytometry using dye tracker analysis and cell surface marker stainin ... | 2006 | 16584788 |
| [carbohydrates content og different region of gastrointestinal tract of reindeer rangifer tarandus during winter period]. | 2006 | 16579525 | |
| experimentally induced infection of reindeer (rangifer tarandus) with mycobacterium bovis. | in the usa, all species of cervidae are included in the usda's uniform methods and rules for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis and, therefore, are subject to regulations regarding intradermal tuberculin testing. in reindeer (rangifer tarandus), infection with mycobacterium bovis is exceedingly rare and the response of reindeer to infection with m. bovis in pathologic and immunologic terms is unknown. the objectives of the study reported here were to describe the pathologic changes associate ... | 2006 | 16566257 |
| temporal changes in concentrations of serum amyloid-a and haptoglobin and their associations with weight gain in neonatal reindeer calves. | age-related changes in serum concentrations of two acute phase proteins (apps), haptoglobin (hp) and serum amyloid-a (saa) were investigated in newborn reindeer calves. repeated blood samples were obtained from 51 reindeer calves at ages 0-32 days (2-4 samples from each calf). an increase of saa concentrations was observed during the first 2 weeks of life. however, by the end of the observation period, saa concentrations had decreased to levels below those of the first week. serum hp concentrati ... | 2006 | 16551478 |
| adaptive adjustment of offspring sex ratio and maternal reproductive effort in an iteroparous mammal. | large mammals in seasonal environments have a pattern of high-reproductive synchrony in spring, but how the timing of reproduction affects resource allocation decisions at different stages of the reproductive cycle remains largely unexplored. by manipulating the timing of conception in reindeer (rangifer tarandus), we tested how the timing of conception affected sex ratio, gestation length and weight development of mother and offspring. females that conceived at their first ovulation within the ... | 2006 | 16543171 |
| [mitochondrial dna polymorphism in tuvinian population of reindeer rangifer tarandus l]. | mitochondrial dna variation was examined in one of the southern most populations of domestic reindeer, inhabiting tyva republic (tuva). in tuvinian population sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial dna d loop region was demonstrated. in a sample of 29 individuals 7 mitotypes were distinguished, pointing to the preservation of rather high level of genetic diversity in this population. | 2006 | 16523674 |
| isolation of a bunyamwera group arbovirus from a naturally infected caribou. | a bunyamwera group arbovirus was isolated from the blood and from the brain of a female caribou parasitized with meningeal worms. the virus passed through a 0.45 micron filter; was ether sensitive; possessed no hemagglutination properties; could be propagated in suckling mice, 6-day old chick embryos, and bhk-21 tissue culture; and produced plaques in chick embryo fibroblast tissue culture. neither complement-fixation or neutralization tests were sensitive enough to determine the serotype of the ... | 1970 | 16512161 |
| transfer of 137cs from chernobyl debris and nuclear weapons fallout to different swedish population groups. | data from measurements on the body burden of (134)cs, (137)cs and (40)k in various swedish populations between 1959 and 2001 has been compiled into a national database. the compilation is a co-operation between the departments of radiation physics in malmö and göteborg, the national radiation protection authority (ssi) and the swedish defense research agency (foi). in a previous study the effective ecological half time and the associated effective dose to various swedish populations due to inter ... | 2006 | 16504249 |
| besnoitiosis in a woodland caribou. | besnoitiosis was diagnosed in an adult male woodland caribou found dead in northern saskatchewan. the lesions present were comparable to those of chronic besnoitiosis in cattle, and were much more severe than those previously described in domestic reindeer and barren-ground caribou. | 1976 | 16502700 |
| herpesvirus infection in woodland caribou in alberta, canada. | sera and genital swabs collected from 121 adult woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in five subpopulations in northern alberta, canada, between december 1997 and october 1999, were examined for evidence of infection with herpesviruses or pestiviruses. no virus was isolated from sera or swabs, and no antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus were detected. however, 63 (52%) of the 121 animals had neutralizing antibody titers against bovine herpesvirus 1. there was sufficient serum f ... | 2005 | 16456173 |
| new ruminant hosts and wider geographic range identified for babesia odocoilei (emerson and wright 1970). | babesia odocoilei was found to infect two previously unknown host species, desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and musk oxen (ovibos moschatus), both of which are members of the family bovidae. previously, b. odocoilei has been reported in only cervidae hosts. new geographic regions where b. odocoilei infections have not been reported previously include pennsylvania and new york, where fatal babesiosis has occurred in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus); new hampshire, where elk (ce ... | 2005 | 16456156 |
| diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon production by blood leukocytes from mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | the only approved method of tuberculosis (tb) surveillance of reindeer within the united states is tuberculin skin testing; however, skin testing has an apparent lack of specificity, since numerous reindeer are classified as reactors, yet mycobacterium bovis is not isolated from tissues upon necropsy. the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an in vitro assay (the cervigam assay) to detect gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) produced by blood leukocytes in response to mycobacterial an ... | 2006 | 16425998 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild animals. | antibodies to neospora caninum were determined in several species of wild animals in the united states by the neospora agglutination test (nat). antibodies (nat 1:40 or higher) were found in 5 of 249 bison (bison bison), 5 of 160 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 4 of 162 moose (alces alces), 4 of 122 wolves (canis lupus), and 1 of 224 musk ox (ovibos moschatus) but not in 197 black bears (ursus americanus). to our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to n. caninum in bison and caribou. ... | 2005 | 16419771 |
| evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from the western united states. | free-ranging mule deer (md; odocoileus hemionus) from arizona and california were tested for evidence of infection with several tick-borne pathogens, including species of ehrlichia, anaplasma, babesia, and borrelia. of 125 mule deer tested from arizona, 29 (23%) and 11 (9%) had antibodies reactive to e. chaffeensis and a. phagocytophilum by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing, respectively; none of the six md tested from california were seropositive. using a commercial competitive elisa ... | 2005 | 16417431 |
| reindeer as hosts for nematode parasites of sheep and cattle. | the reindeer husbandry range of scandinavia overlaps with sheep, goat, and cattle pastures. the aim of this study was to determine whether reindeer are suitable hosts for ovine or bovine nematode parasites, and thus may spread these parasites into the reindeer husbandry regions. to render worm-free, twelve 4-month-old male reindeer calves, six lambs, and six bovine calves were given ivermectin at 200 microg/kg body weight. five weeks post-treatment, six reindeer calves were each artificially dos ... | 2006 | 16386848 |
| hand-arm vibration syndrome (havs) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs in professional drivers of terrain vehicles--a cross sectional study. | this study compares the prevalence of symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (havs) and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs, between professional drivers of terrain vehicles and a referent group. 769 male professional drivers of forest machines, snowmobiles, snowgroomers and reindeer herders and 296 randomly selected male referents completed a questionnaire about symptoms of havs and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and the upper limbs. they also gave information about ... | 2006 | 16380073 |
| circadian organization in reindeer. | the light/dark cycle of day and night synchronizes an internal 'biological clock' that governs daily rhythms in behaviour, but this form of regulation is denied to polar animals for most of the year. here we demonstrate that the continuous lighting conditions of summer and of winter at high latitudes cause a loss in daily rhythmic activity in reindeer living far above the arctic circle. this seasonal absence of circadian rhythmicity may be a ubiquitous trait among resident polar vertebrates. | 2005 | 16371996 |
| nutritional development of feeding strategies in arctic ruminants: digestive morphometry of reindeer, rangifer tarandus, and muskoxen, ovibos moschatus. | reindeer have been classified as intermediate feeders and muskoxen as grazers based on differences in digestive morphology and consumption of fibrous plants. we hypothesized that the digestive morphology of young (< 2 months) reindeer and muskoxen anticipates transitions in diet and determines the feeding strategy of each species at adulthood. we compared structural morphology and rates of cell division in the rumen, abomasum, duodenum and liver of reindeer and muskoxen as neonates (1 day old), ... | 2004 | 16351947 |
| variation of plasma protein parameters in four free-ranging reindeer herds and in captive reindeer under defined feeding conditions. | plasma total protein (tp), albumin (alb) and globulin (glob) concentrations and albumin/globulin ratio (a/g) were analysed from blood samples collected from free-ranging reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) herds at varying times of year. the same parameters were followed in nine captive reindeer with varying protein and energy intake. variation in the blood constituents of free-ranging reindeer was analysed in relation to different extrinsic and intrinsic factors and compared to findings from ... | 2005 | 16325441 |
| resistance to abomasal nematodes and individual genetic variability in reindeer. | resistance to parasites is believed to have a widespread influence on demographic and adaptive processes. in systems where parasites impose a fitness cost on their host, heterozygotes may be selected because they are more resistant to parasites than homozygotes. our objective was to assess the relationships between genomewide individual heterozygosity and abomasal nematode burdens in female svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) after the effects of host age, locality, season, and y ... | 2005 | 16262866 |
| nitrogen reserves, spring regrowth and winter survival of field-grown alfalfa (medicago sativa) defoliated in the autumn. | the objective of the study was to characterize variations in proline, arginine, histidine, vegetative storage proteins, and cold-inducible gene expression in overwintering roots of field-grown alfalfa, in response to autumn defoliation, and in relation to spring regrowth and winter survival. | 2006 | 16260440 |
| acetylcholine in the corneal epithelium of diurnal and nocturnal mammals. | to analyze the concentration of acetylcholine (ach) in the corneal epithelium and aqueous humor of various diurnal and nocturnal mammals. | 2005 | 16227851 |
| molecular epidemiological study of arctic rabies virus isolates from greenland and comparison with isolates from throughout the arctic and baltic regions. | we report a molecular epidemiological study of rabies in arctic countries by comparing a panel of novel greenland isolates to a larger cohort of viral sequences from both arctic and baltic regions. rabies virus isolates originating from wildlife (arctic/red foxes, raccoon-dogs and reindeer), from domestic animals (dogs/cats) and from two human cases were investigated. the resulting 400 bp n-gene sequences were compared with isolates representing neighbouring arctic or baltic countries from north ... | 2006 | 16198016 |
| transfer of (85)sr and (134)cs from diet to reindeer foetuses and milk. | sr-85 and (134)cs in aqueous solution of the chlorides were administered daily to four pregnant reindeer during the last part of gestation. radionuclide concentrations were determined in calves sacrificed at birth, and secretion of the nuclides was measured in milk. although the gastrointestinal absorption of (85)sr was low, an apparently higher transfer of the absorbed fraction of (85)sr than (134)cs from the mother to the foetus led to similar accumulation of (85)sr and (134)cs in foetuses. at ... | 2005 | 16180038 |
| characterisation of parapoxviruses isolated from norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | two outbreaks of the disease contagious ecthyma were reported in 1999 and 2000 in norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). contagious ecthyma is an epidermal disease of sheep and goats worldwide, which is caused by the zoonotic parapoxvirus orf virus. characterisation of clinical samples from the two outbreaks in semi-domesticated reindeer in norway by electron microscopy and pcr (b2l) revealed typical parapoxvirus particles and partial gene sequences corresponding to p ... | 2005 | 16143041 |
| spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in terrestrial biota from the canadian arctic. | contaminants in the canadian arctic have been studied over the last twelve years under the guidance of the northern contaminants program. this paper summarizes results from that program from 1998 to 2003 with respect to terrestrial animals in the canadian arctic. the arctic terrestrial environment has few significant contaminant issues, particularly when compared with freshwater and marine environments. both current and historical industrial activities in the north may have a continuing effect o ... | 2005 | 16109438 |
| geographic distribution of the muscle-dwelling nematode parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in north america, using molecular identification of first-stage larvae. | molecular identification of dorsal-spined larvae (dsl) from fecal samples indicates that the protostrongylid parasite parelaphostrongylus odocoilei occupies a broader geographic range in western north america than has been previously reported. we analyzed 2,124 fecal samples at 29 locations from thinhorn sheep (ovis dalli dalli and o. d. stonei), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis and o. c. californiana), mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), ... | 2005 | 16108550 |
| reindeer warble fly larvae (hypoderma tarandi) in a moose (alces alces) in sweden. | 2005 | 16108218 | |
| campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., verocytotoxic escherichia coli, and antibiotic resistance in indicator organisms in wild cervids. | faecal samples were collected, as part of the national health surveillance program for cervids (hop) in norway, from wild red deer, roe deer, moose and reindeer during ordinary hunting seasons from 2001 to 2003. samples from a total of 618 animals were examined for verocytotoxic e. coli (vtec); 611 animals for salmonella and 324 animals for campylobacter. a total of 50 samples were cultivated from each cervid species in order to isolate the indicator bacterial species e. coli and enterococcus fa ... | 2005 | 16108210 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on the osteoinductivity of morphogenetic protein extract from reindeer bone. | bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps), which are capable of stimulating the production of new bone, must be sterilized before preclinical and clinical use to reduce the risk of infections and associated complications. in this study, we investigated the effects of gamma sterilization on the osteoinductivity of native reindeer bmp extract in the balb/c mouse thigh muscle pouch model. | 2005 | 16097549 |
| population genetics for y-strs haplotypes of chinese ewenki ethnic minority group. | chinese ewenki ethnic minority group, with a population of 26,300 in a statistical survey conducted in 2000, has a lifestyle of nomad, and is distributed across seven counties in the inner mongolia autonomous region and in nahe county of heilongjiang province of china. the ewenki people have no written script but a spoken language with three dialects belonging to the manchu-tungusic group of the altai language family. raising reindeers is the key livelihood of ewenkis. | 2005 | 16078515 |
| phylogeny and antigenic relationships of three cervid herpesviruses. | elk herpesvirus (elkhv) from north american elk (wapiti, cervus elaphus nelsoni) is a recently identified alphaherpesvirus related to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). in this study, we determined its relationship with european cervid herpesviruses: cervid herpesvirus-1 (cerhv-1) from red deer and rangiferine herpesvirus (ranhv) from reindeer. for phylogenetic analysis, genes for the gc and gd proteins of these viruses were sequenced. these genes demonstrated an extremely high gc content (76-79%). g ... | 2005 | 16061301 |
| sexual dimorphism and intercohort variation in reindeer calf antler length is associated with density and weather. | we analysed intercohort variability of live weight and antler length of 5,123 reindeer calves. we further assessed the influence of climate and density on the interannual variation in antler length, and discussed sex-specific resource allocation and response to climate variability. antler length varied significantly among years and between sexes, with interaction between year and sex. body weight and antler length were highly positively correlated, showed similar intercohort variability, and had ... | 2005 | 16025353 |
| continuous and discrete extreme climatic events affecting the dynamics of a high-arctic reindeer population. | climate at northern latitudes are currently changing both with regard to the mean and the temporal variability at any given site, increasing the frequency of extreme events such as cold and warm spells. here we use a conceptually new modelling approach with two different dynamic terms of the climatic effects on a svalbard reindeer population (the brøggerhalvøya population) which underwent an extreme icing event ("locked pastures") with 80% reduction in population size during one winter (1993/94) ... | 2005 | 16010537 |
| osteoinductivity of partially purified native ostrich (struthio camelus) bone morphogenetic protein: comparison with mammalian species. | bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) are members of the tgf-beta superfamily. they are capable of inducing ectopic bone formation. until now, the main interest has been focused on mammalian osteoinductive bmps, and there are no reports of native bmp extracts of birds. in this study, we isolated and characterized native bmps of ostrich (struthio camelus) and compared them with identically isolated native bovine (cow) and reindeer bmps with regard to bmp pattern and osteoinductive capacity. the ostr ... | 2005 | 16005022 |
| (90)sr, (210)po and (210)pb in lichen and reindeer in norway. | concentrations of (90)sr, (210)po and (210)pb in lichen and reindeer were studied in central (østre namdal) and southern norway (vågå) during 2000-2003. the study focussed on potential differences in concentrations of these nuclides in reindeer of different ages. concentrations of (90)sr in bones of approximately 10 year old adult females were about 40% higher than those in calves' antlers ((90)sr concentrations in antlers and bones of calves are similar), while the available data from vågå sugg ... | 2005 | 15998556 |
| description of a new eimeria species and redescription of eimeria mayeri (protozoa: eimeriidae) from wild reindeer rangifer tarandus in iceland. | altogether, 195 fecal samples of reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus) were collected from the ground in 3 distinct areas in eastern iceland, where geographically isolated reindeer populations graze during the summer months. the samples were examined for coccidian parasites. two species were found, and all infections were monospecific. eimeria mayeri was found in calves in all sampling areas, with 1-4% prevalence and 450-167,700 oocysts per gram (opg). the sporulated oocyst lacks a polar granule b ... | 2005 | 15986611 |
| expression of mct1, mct2 and mct4 in the rumen, small intestine and liver of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | the expression of monocarboxylate transporters mct1, mct2 and mct4 in the rumen, small intestine and liver was examined in free-ranging and captive reindeer. in addition, expression of chaperone protein cd147, which is needed for the activity of mct1 and mct4, was studied in the rumen of suckling calves. immunoblotting of cell membrane proteins showed the expression of mct1 and mct4, but not that of mct2 in the rumen of reindeer. in free-ranging reindeer the amount of mct1 was higher than in the ... | 2005 | 15953554 |
| antibody responses in reindeer (rangifer tarandus) infected with mycobacterium bovis. | despite having a very low incidence of disease, reindeer (rangifer tarandus) are subject to tuberculosis (tb) testing requirements for interstate shipment and herd accreditation in the united states. improved tb tests are desperately needed, as many reindeer are falsely classified as reactors by current testing procedures. sera collected sequentially from 11 (experimentally) mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer and 4 noninfected reindeer were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elis ... | 2005 | 15939747 |
| chernobyl radioactivity persists in reindeer. | transfer of 137cs in the soil-plant/lichen-reindeer food chain was studied in central (østre namdal) and southern norway (vågå) during 2000-2003. reindeer from these areas have been continuously subjected to countermeasure application since the 1986 chernobyl accident. in both areas no decline in 137cs concentrations was detectable in reindeer slaughtered in autumn since 1995, or in reindeer slaughtered in winter since 1998-1999. seasonal differences in 137cs concentrations in reindeer have been ... | 2005 | 15939511 |
| class i integron with a group ii intron detected in an escherichia coli strain from a free-range reindeer. | an escherichia coli strain, isolated from wild reindeer in a remote mountain area, contained a class 1 integron with two unusual features: a group ii intron and a cassette with homology to a superintegron cassette. alignments indicate that attc sites of gene cassettes may be insertion sites for introns. | 2005 | 15917559 |
| the role of predation in the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou. | to select appropriate recovery strategies for endangered populations, we must understand the dynamics of small populations and distinguish between the possible causes that drive such populations to low numbers. it has been suggested that the pattern of population decline may be inversely density-dependent with population growth rates decreasing as populations become very small; however, empirical evidence of such accelerated declines at low densities is rare. here we analyzed the pattern of decl ... | 2005 | 15891849 |
| isotopic evidence for diet and subsistence pattern of the saint-césaire i neanderthal: review and use of a multi-source mixing model. | the carbon and nitrogen isotopic abundances of the collagen extracted from the saint-césaire i neanderthal have been used to infer the dietary behaviour of this specimen. a review of previously published neanderthal collagen isotopic signatures with the addition of 3 new collagen isotopic signatures from specimens from les pradelles allows us to compare the dietary habits of 5 neanderthal specimens from ois 3 and one specimen from ois 5c. this comparison points to a trophic position as top preda ... | 2005 | 15869783 |
| gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide in the sterilization of native reindeer bone morphogenetic protein extract. | for human use, it is necessary to sterilize bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps), in order to reduce the risk of infections and associated complications. we compared the effects of ethylene oxide and gamma irradiation in the sterilization of native reindeer bmp extract with regard to bone induction in the balb/c mouse thigh muscle pouch model. | 2005 | 15865121 |
| redescription of besnoitia bennetti (protozoa: apicomplexa) from the donkey (equus asinus). | besnoitia bennetti tissue cysts were found in four naturally-infected donkeys (equus asinus) from the usa. infectivity of its bradyzoites and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. the bradyzoites were not infectious to out-bred swiss webster mice, rabbits or gerbils. when fed tissue cysts, cats did not excrete oocysts. however, the parasite was infectious to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice. the parasite from tissues of two donkeys was grown successfully in bovine monocyte mon ... | 2005 | 15862579 |
| dynamics of antibodies against hypodermin c in reindeer infested with the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma tarandi. | serum samples from 25 reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were assayed for antibody against hypodermin c (hyc) using an elisa. nineteen animals were calves (born in 1998, 1999 or 2001) and six were adults (3-10 years old at first blood collection). the samples were collected over periods of 4 months (calves born in 2001) or 27 months (adults and calves born in 1998 and 1999), the latter encompassing three hypoderma tarandi infestation seasons. the calves received antibodies against hyc from th ... | 2005 | 15845288 |
| menu of gravettian people from southern moravia. | there are a number of upper palaeolithic sites of gravettian people in the southern moravia. these people had eaten animals and their bones were used for creating artefacts. their food was based on several species that lived in the vicinity of their settlement unit. the sites dolní vĕstonice ii (under western slope--uws), iia and iii and pavlov (1952, 1953, 1957 and 1958) have been studied to obtain a picture of the menu of gravettian people in this region. hunted animals fall into two groups, t ... | 2000 | 15828198 |
| radionuclides and trace metals in canadian moose near uranium mines: comparison of radiation doses and food chain transfer with cattle and caribou. | tissues from 45 moose and 4 cattle were collected to assess the health of country foods near uranium mines in northern saskatchewan. bone, liver, kidney, muscle and rumen contents were analyzed for uranium, radium-226 (226ra), lead-210 (210pb), and polonium-210 (210po). cesium-137 (137cs), potassium-40 (40k), and 27 trace metals were also measured in some tissues. within the most active mining area, po in liver and muscle declined significantly with distance from tailings, possibly influenced by ... | 2005 | 15824592 |
| effects of natural winter pasture and commercial pellet on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelium in reindeer. | segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from slaughtered reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) grazing natural winter pastures (n=3) and reindeer fed commercially available pellets (rf-80) in winter (n=5) were collected and immediately fixed in mcdowell's fixative. transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the ultrastructural features of the epithelium and lamina propria along the small intestine and to relate these to the different diets. major differences i ... | 2005 | 15778852 |
| endocrinology of pregnancy and early pregnancy detection by reproductive hormones in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the endocrinology was studied throughout pregnancy in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) located in oulu, finland (65 degrees n, 25 degrees e) with 13 captive, semi domestic adult females. blood samples were analyzed for plasma progesterone (p4), estradiol (e2) and estrone sulphate (e1so4), 15-ketodihydro-pgf2alpha (pg-metabolite) and pregnancy associated glycoproteins (pag). the mean plasma p4 concentration peaked twice during gestation: at around 24 and three weeks prior to calving. in preg ... | 2005 | 15763117 |
| a note on mercury levels in the hair of alaskan reindeer. | reindeer, as terrestrial herbivores, generally have low levels of hg, but monitoring hg levels can help in understanding ecological toxicity related to a changing environment. in this study, alaskan reindeer were analyzed for total mercury (thg) in their hair. both free-ranging reindeer from the seward peninsula, alaska and reindeer fed a pollock-based fishmeal diet were surveyed. free ranging reindeer had mean thg levels of (55.3 ng/g; n=5). the mean mehg level in the free ranging reindeer was ... | 2005 | 15740775 |
| causes of death in the sami population of sweden, 1961-2000. | indigenous people often have a pattern of mortality that is disadvantageous in comparison with the general population. the knowledge on causes of death among the sami, the natives of northern scandinavia, is limited. the aim of the present study was to compare gender and cause specific mortality patterns for reindeer herding sami, non-herding sami, and non-sami between 1961 and 2000. | 2005 | 15737965 |
| fatal accidents and suicide among reindeer-herding sami in sweden. | over the last decades, reindeer-herding management has experienced dramatic changes, e.g. increased motorization and socio-economic pressure. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether these changes have increased the risk of fatal, work-related accidents and suicide between 1961 and 2000. | 2004 | 15736690 |
| work-related musculoskeletal pain among reindeer herding sami in sweden--a pilot study on causes and prevention. | to investigate the prevalence and to identify causes of musculoskeletal pain (msp) among reindeer herding sami, and to evaluate the impact on the msp symptoms elicited by an intervention-prevention programme (ip programme). | 2004 | 15736681 |
| risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among swedish sami--a controlled cohort study. | to investigate the occurrence of clinical, psychosocial and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (cvd) among reindeer herding (rs) and non-reindeer herding sami (nrs). | 2004 | 15736671 |
| the effect of different mineral frames on ectopic bone formation in mouse hind leg muscles induced by native reindeer bone morphogenetic protein. | bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) require carrier material for slow release and framing material for osteoconduction. | 2004 | 15723244 |
| sex ratio variation in gastrointestinal nematodes of svalbard reindeer; density dependence and implications for estimates of species composition. | estimates of the intensity and abundance of species provide essential data for ecological, evolutionary and epidemiological studies of gastrointestinal nematode communities. these estimates are typically derived from the species composition of adult males when only males have readily scorable species-specific morphological traits. such estimation assumes that all species in the community have the same adult sex ratio. we evaluated this assumption for the trichostrongyle nematodes ostertagia grue ... | 2005 | 15700761 |
| cancer in the sami population of north norway, 1970-1997. | the sami population in north norway constitutes an ethnic minority with a lifestyle that diverges from that of the rest of the population. a cohort of 19 801 people of sami origin was followed for cancer incidence over the period 1970-1997 by the norwegian cancer registry. among the sami 1340 cases of cancer were observed versus 1658.2 expected, based on a regional reference population. for both sexes a significantly decreased incidence of colon cancer was observed. the standardized incidence ra ... | 2005 | 15677897 |
| long-term interactions between migratory caribou, wildfires and nunavik hunters inferred from tree rings. | barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) herds in north america may reach considerable size and undertake large-scale seasonal migrations from the arctic tundra to the boreal forest. to test the caribou decline hypothesis associated with native harvesting and fire, we have documented the long-term trends of caribou activity based on a novel approach which uses tree-ring dated trampling scars produced by caribou hooves in the extensive trails distributed over the summer and winter ranges of the ... | 2004 | 15666677 |