Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [attempted culture of mycobacterium lepraemurium (staphansky's bacillus) in dubos medium and in larvae galleria mellonella]. | 1952 | 13018723 | |
| steinernema weiseri n. sp. (rhabditida, steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from europe. | steinernema weiseri n. sp. is described from a roadside with apple trees near ceské budejovice, czech republic. the species is also widely distributed in germany and slovakia, from where it had previously been reported as steinernema spec. f. the british steinernema sp. d1 is considered conspecific with s. weiseri n. sp. males of the new species are mainly characterised by light brown, slightly curved spicules with a long manubrium and the presence of a short tail mucron in the second generation ... | 2003 | 12975620 |
| organization and expression strategy of the ambisense genome of densonucleosis virus of galleria mellonella. | the expression strategy of parvoviruses of the densovirus genus has as yet not been reported. clones were obtained from the densonucleosis virus of galleria mellonella (gmdnv) that yielded infectious virus upon transfection into ld652 cells. its genome was found to be the longest (6,039 nucleotides [nt]), with the largest inverted terminal repeats (itrs) (550 nt) among all parvoviruses. the distal 136 nt could be folded into hairpins with flop or flip sequence orientations. in contrast to verteb ... | 2003 | 12970420 |
| wax moth, galleria mellonella fat body receptor for high-density lipophorin (hdlp). | to identify and characterize the hdlp (high-density lipophorin) receptor from galleria mellonella (lprgm), we used techniques of ligand blotting. this method was, to our knowledge, first used to characterize the lipophorin receptor (lpr) in insects. lprgm had an approximate molecular weight of 97 kda under non-reducing conditions and bound the hdlp specifically. the time-course of lipophorin binding to their receptor protein was rapid. the binding of lipophorins to their receptors was saturable ... | 2003 | 12942512 |
| kinases, intracellular calcium, and apolipophorin-iii influence the adhesion of larval hemocytes of the lepidopterous insect, galleria mellonella. | based on the results from the use of selective inhibitors and activators, active protein kinase a, protein tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms decreased the adhesion of larval galleria mellonella hemocytes to glass slides. the protein kinase a inhibitor at all concentrations increased granular cell adhesion only whereas protein tyrosine kinase elevated both granular and plasmatocyte attachment at the lowest concentration. active, ca(2+)- and lipid-dependent pkc isoforms limited ... | 2003 | 12886514 |
| wax moth, galleria mellonella, high density lipophorin receptor: alternative splicing, tissue-specific expression, and developmental regulation. | a lipophorin (lp) receptor cdna from the fat body of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) was cloned and sequenced. this is the first result in this order, lepidoptera. it showed the pattern of the vldl receptor belonging to the ldl receptor family. sequence homology with other lp receptors in insects, locusta migratoria and aedes aegypti, was 70 and 61%, respectively and each domain was highly conserved. polyclonal anti-lp receptor antibody prepared against expressed lp receptor fragment between l ... | 2003 | 12878223 |
| correlation between fibroin amino acid sequence and physical silk properties. | the fiber properties of lepidopteran silk depend on the amino acid repeats that interact during h-fibroin polymerization. the aim of our research was to relate repeat composition to insect biology and fiber strength. representative regions of the h-fibroin genes were sequenced and analyzed in three pyralid species: wax moth (galleria mellonella), european flour moth (ephestia kuehniella), and indian meal moth (plodia interpunctella). the amino acid repeats are species-specific, evidently a diver ... | 2003 | 12816957 |
| cloning and expression of gallerimycin, an antifungal peptide expressed in immune response of greater wax moth larvae, galleria mellonella. | a novel defensin-like peptide was identified in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. it was discovered in a haemocyte cdna bank enriched with transcripts upregulated after immune challenge via subtractive hybridisation and suppressive pcr. the deduced amino acid sequence of the defensin-like peptide exhibits similarities to the antifungal peptides drosomycin from drosophila melanogaster and heliomicin from heliothis virescens. therefore, it has been termed gallerimycin. upregulation of gal ... | 2003 | 12811766 |
| hormonal regulation of the expression of two storage proteins in the larval fat body of the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella). | during larval development of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, genes of storage proteins lhp76 and lhp82 are tissue- and stage-specifically expressed. in this study, hormonal regulation of this expression has been investigated in vivo. messenger rnas of the juvenile hormone (jh-suppressible) lhp82 gene are present only during the feeding period of the final larval instar, suggesting that a high level of jh during earlier stages prevents its expression and that a small rise in jh titer o ... | 2003 | 12804714 |
| interaction of microbial populations in steinernema (steinernematidae, nematoda) infected galleria mellonella larvae. | infection of galleria mellonella larvae with the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema feltiae (a21 and r strains) and steinernema glaseri (dongrae) resulted in several species of bacteria, including the respective bacterial symbiont, xenorhabdus spp., growing in the infected insect cadavers. these other bacteria were enterococcus in all three nematode infections studied and acinetobacter in the s. feltiae infections. the respective populations of these bacteria changed with time. following inf ... | 2003 | 12788281 |
| effects of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae and its secondary metabolites on morphology and cytoskeleton of plasmatocytes isolated from the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | the effects of metarhizium anisopliae infection and three different secondary metabolites released by the fungus, destruxin a and e and cytochalasin d, on the morphology and cytoskeleton of plasmatocytes of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella were studied. plasmatocytes isolated from m. anisopliae infected larvae exhibited impairment of attachment, spreading and cytoskeleton formation accompanied with the occurrence of blebbing and pycnotic nuclei. plasmatocytes treated with destruxin in vi ... | 1997 | 12770487 |
| haemolymph proteins of larvae of galleria mellonella detoxify endotoxins of the insect pathogenic bacteria xenorhabdus nematophilus (enterobacteriaceae). | haemolymph of non-vaccinated galleria mellonella larvae contains two proteins, lbp-1 (17.2kda) and lbp-2 (26.0kda) that:bond to the surfaces of the insect pathogenic bacteria, xenorhabdus nematophilus;prevented lipid a-binding dye attaching to the lipid a of x. nematophilus endotoxin; andreduced endotoxin activity on the haemocytes.protein lbp-1 also blocked the inhibition of prophenoloxidase activation by the endotoxins. it is proposed that proteins lbp-1 and lbp-2 are part of the containment r ... | 1997 | 12770474 |
| effects of lipophorin and 20-hydroxyecdysone on in vitro development of the larval endoparasitoid venturia canescens (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | we previously reported that development of the embryos of the larval endoparasitoid venturia canescens proceeded in the insect cell culture medium, mgm-450, and was promoted by the addition of a pupal extract from their host galleria mellonella. the developmental promotion also was obtained by supplementing an equal amount of chicken egg yolk instead of the pupal extract to the medium. in this case, approximately 30% of the embryos developed into the second instar, but the value increased to mor ... | 1999 | 12770328 |
| larval and pupal induction and n-terminal amino acid sequence of lysozyme from heliothis virescens. | fifth instar larvae and prepupae of heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) were injected with live enterobacter cloacae and bled at different times after vaccination. immune pupal hemolymph showed a 54 times increase in lysozyme activity when compared with normal larval hemolymph, and an 11 times increase of lysozyme activity when compared with immune larval hemolymph. lysozyme activity of the normal pupal hemolymph increased as greatly as did lysozyme activity of the immune larval hemolymph afte ... | 2000 | 12770220 |
| insect larvae contain substances toxic to adults: the discovery of paralysins. | acidic methanolic extracts of larvae of nine different insect species were found to contain substances that cause a lethal effect in the adult stage of the same species and of other species. these endogenous toxic substances, apparently being widely spread over the class of insects, were designated as paralysins, because of their immediate and observable paralytic effect upon injection. the developmental concentration curves of five different species of insects (galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) ... | 1998 | 12770158 |
| apolipophorin-iii affects the activity of the haemocytes of galleria mellonella larvae. | apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii) impaired the adhesion of plasmatocytes and a granular cell-subpopulation of larval galleria mellonella to glass slides. the protein bound to haemocytes, limited the responses of the plasmatocytes to bacillus subtilis and increased the percentage of a subgroup of granular cells with adhering bacteria. the total number of bacteria adhering to all the haemocytes on the slides declined. injections of apolp-iii slowed bacterial removal from the haemolymph without affecti ... | 2002 | 12770066 |
| iron contributes to the antibacterial functions of the haemolymph of galleria mellonella. | studies with galleria mellonella larvae and the iron chelating agent edda showed that iron was essential for the removal of dead xenorhabdas nematophila and bacillus subtilis from the haemolymph. the delay in removal of the bacteria from the iron-restricted haemolymph was attributed to reduced adhesiveness of the haemocytes and prophenoloxidase activity. iron augmentation returned these activities to control levels. whereas dead b. subtilis had no effect on the concentration of ferrozine-detecta ... | 2002 | 12770052 |
| the effects of eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors on prophenoloxidase activation, phagocytosis and cell spreading in galleria mellonella. | the invertebrate immune system produces melanotic nodules in response to bacterial infections and this has previously been shown to be mediated by eicosanoids. nodulation occurs in two phases: the first involves hemocyte degranulation and activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade; the second involves formation of a cellular capsule by attachment and spreading of hemocytes. we demonstrate that inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis affect both of these phases of nodulation in galleria mellonella. ... | 1997 | 12769924 |
| isolated apolipophorin iii from galleria mellonella stimulates the immune reactions of this insect. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) was isolated from the haemolymph of last instar larvae of galleria mellonella. the ultraviolet (u.v.) spectrum and the n-terminal amino acid sequence reveal high similarities with the apolp-iii from manduca sexta. the protein is heat-stable. the molecular mass of apolp-iii was determined to be 18 077 da using mass spectrometry. the heat treatment (90 degrees c, 30 min) resulted in a pi shift from 6.6 for the non-heated to 6.1 for the heat-treated apolp-iii without c ... | 1997 | 12769900 |
| interaction of calyx fluid and venom from microplitis croceipes (braconidae) on developmental disruption of the natural host, heliocoverpa zea, and two atypical hosts, galleria mellonella and spodoptera exigua. | polydnaviruses of many braconid and ichneumonid endoparasitoids play an important role in the successful parasitism of their hosts. the host's development is altered and its immune response is also suppressed. in this study, we compared the effects of calyx fluid and venom on the development of the natural host, helicoverpa zea, and two atypical hosts that the parasitoid does not normally attack in nature, galleria mellonella and spodoptera exigua. the levels of calyx fluid and\or venom injected ... | 1998 | 12769867 |
| growth of an ovarian cell line of galleria mellonella and its response to immune-inducing factors. | antibacterial proteins are produced in the reproductive tracts of some insect species. the advent of a pupal ovarian cell line of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella offered an opportunity for exploring the use of ovarian tissue culture to induce antimicrobial proteins in lieu of the larvae. the ovarian cell growth rates and cell yields were maximized by adjusting grace's medium to ph 6.5, adding 15% (v/v) qualified heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, and lowering the sucrose concentration to 9. ... | 2002 | 12762839 |
| moth sex chromatin probed by comparative genomic hybridization (cgh). | abstract: comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) with a probe mixture of differently labeled genomic dna from females and males highlighted the w chromosomes in mitotic plates and the w chromatin in polyploid interphase nuclei of the silkworm bombyx mori, the flour moth ephestia kuehniella, and the wax moth galleria mellonella. the overproportionate fluorescence signal indicated an accumulation of repetitive sequences in the respective w chromosomes. measurements of the fluorescence signals rev ... | 2003 | 12723050 |
| use of the galleria mellonella caterpillar as a model host to study the role of the type iii secretion system in pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. | nonvertebrate model hosts represent valuable tools for the study of host-pathogen interactions because they facilitate the identification of bacterial virulence factors and allow the discovery of novel components involved in host innate immune responses. in this report, we determined that the greater wax moth caterpillar galleria mellonella is a convenient nonmammalian model host for study of the role of the type iii secretion system (ttss) in pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. based on the ob ... | 2003 | 12704110 |
| prevalence of occupational allergy due to live fish bait. | larvae of insects and worms, used as live fish bait (lfb), are a common source of allergy in anglers and occupationally exposed workers, but the prevalence and predictors have not yet been investigated. | 2003 | 12680868 |
| insect inhibitors of metalloproteinases. | two types of peptidic metalloproteinase inhibitors have recently been identified in insects. a homologue of vertebrate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timps) was found in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster which may contributes to regulation of a corresponding matrix metalloproteinase (mmp). the first member of mmps from insects which shares similarity with vertebrate mmps has also been cloned and characterized from drosophila, suggesting conserved evolution of both mmps and timps. th ... | 2002 | 12665244 |
| acclimation of entomopathogenic nematodes to novel temperatures: trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance. | the effect of thermal acclimation on trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance was studied in three species of entomopathogenic nematodes adapted to either cold or warm temperatures. all three steinernema species accumulated trehalose when acclimated at either 5 or 35 degrees c, but the amount of trehalose accumulation differed by species and temperature. the trehalose content of the cold adapted steinernema feltiae increased by 350 and 182%, of intermediate steinernema carpo ... | 2003 | 12633652 |
| impact of the host cadaver on survival and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) under desiccating conditions. | entomopathogenic nematode species of steinernema carpocapsae, steinernema riobrave, or heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used to compare survival and infectivity among infective juveniles (ijs) emerging in water from hosts in white traps (treatment a), emerging in sand from hosts placed in sand (treatment c), and emerging from hosts placed on a mesh suspended over sand (treatment m). nematode survival and infectivity was recorded in sand at three-day intervals during 21 days of storage in desic ... | 2003 | 12623311 |
| a hexa homologue from photorhabdus regulates pathogenicity, symbiosis and phenotypic variation. | photorhabdus is a genus of entomopathogenic gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family enterobactericeae. remarkably, at the same time as being pathogenic to insect larvae, photorhabdus also have a mutualistic relationship with entomophagous nematodes of the family heterorhabditiae. photorhabdus can be isolated in two phenotypically distinct forms, termed the primary and secondary variant. both variants grow equally well and are equally virulent when injected into insect larvae. however, o ... | 2003 | 12603747 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of juvenile hormone-binding protein from galleria mellonella haemolymph. | juvenile hormone-binding protein (jhbp) isolated from galleria mellonella haemolymph has been crystallized using the hanging-drop method in two polymorphic forms. the best diffracting crystals (2.7 a) are trigonal, space group p3(1)21 (or p3(2)21), with unit-cell parameters a = 110.4, c = 93.9 a. x-ray diffraction data have been collected for the native crystals using synchrotron radiation and cryogenic conditions (100 k). | 2003 | 12595713 |
| identification of immunorelevant genes from greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) by a subtractive hybridization approach. | in this study we have analyzed bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced genes in hemocytes of the lepidopteran species galleria mellonella using subtractive hybridization, followed by suppressive pcr. we have found genes that show homologies to molecules, such as gloverin, peptidoglycan recognition proteins and transferrin known to be involved in immunomodulation after bacterial infection in other species. in addition, a few molecules previously not described in the innate immune reactions wer ... | 2003 | 12590972 |
| sensitivity of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 to organic solvents, detergents, enzymes and temperature treatment. | the sensitivity of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) to a selection of organic solvents, detergents, enzymes and heat treatment was assayed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells and by injection of inoculum into larvae of galleria mellonella. in several cases, the degree of sensitivity of the virus depended on the method of assay; cell culture assays indicated greater losses of activity than insect bioassay. iiv-6 was sensitive to chloroform but sensitivity to ether was only detected by cel ... | 2003 | 12573504 |
| generation and properties of a luminescent insect pathogen xenorhabdus nematophilus (enterobacteriaceae). | studies on the interaction of the insect pathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophilus (enterobacteriaceae), with its nematode and insect hosts would be greatly assisted if a luminescent phenotype were generated that would allow the detection of viable bacteria in vivo without the necessity for disruption of the cellular interactions. the plasmid, pmgm221, containing the luminescence gene (luxcdabe) of vibrio harveyi was introduced into different strains (dd136 and 19061) and phases (one and tw ... | 1998 | 12501420 |
| influence of fungal infection on the dopa-semiquinone and dopa-quinone production in haemolymph of galleriamellonella larvae. | the formation of reactive oxygen metabolites in haemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae was studied by esr spectroscopy. the inhibition of the production of the reactive oxygen metabolites of dopa in haemolymph under the action of fungal infection was shown using spin trap 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine. this inhibition correlated with decrease of phenoloxidase activity in haemolymph of infected insects. simultaneously, the decrease of production of dopa-semiquinone was detected using method o ... | 2003 | 12480541 |
| growth-mediated variations in fatty acids of xenorhabdus sp. | the bacterium xenorhabdus sp. is symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobravis. this nematode is produced in monoxenic culture with xenorhabdus sp. and is sold as a biological insecticide. acceptable yields in fermentors can only be achieved in the presence of vigorous growth of the bacterium. we investigated the fatty acid composition of xenorhabdus species when grown at 15, 20, 25 or 30 degrees c on media containing one of two primary carbon sources: glucose ... | 1997 | 12455899 |
| the insect abdomen--a heartbeat manager in insects? | different possibilities of coordination between circulation, respiration and abdominal movements were found in pupae of pieris brassicae, tenebrio molitor, galleria mellonella and leptinotarsa decemlineata. coordination principles depend on metabolic rate: the need to support circulation with abdominal movements appears only at higher metabolic rates. integration between different abdominal movements and circulation depends on species, on physiological state and, supposedly, on internal morpholo ... | 2002 | 12443919 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of galleria mellonella juvenile hormone binding protein--a search for ancestors and relatives. | juvenile hormone binding proteins (jhbps) serve as specific carriers of juvenile hormone (jh) in insect hemolymph. as shown in this report, galleria mellonella jhbp is encoded by a cdna of 1063 nucleotides. the pre-protein consists of 245 amino acids with a 20 amino acid leader sequence. the concentration of the jhbp mrna reaches a maximum on the third day of the last larval instar, and decreases five-fold towards pupation. comparison of amino acid sequences of jhbps from bombyx mori, heliothis ... | 2002 | 12437127 |
| immune suppression of galleria mellonella (insecta, lepidoptera) humoral defenses induced by steinernema feltiae (nematoda, rhabditida): involvement of the parasite cuticle. | immune depression of galleria mellonella larvae was evaluated a short time after infection with the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. in the host the activity of the enzymatic cascade known as the propo system was significantly reduced by the presence of either live or dead parasites. the presence of parasites decreased the lps-elicited propo system activity. in addition, this process seems to be related to a decrease in the activity of hemolymph proteases, more than to phenoloxidas ... | 2007 | 12427469 |
| effects of the peptide mycotoxin destruxin e on insect haemocytes and on dynamics and efficiency of the multicellular immune reaction. | destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic peptide toxins secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. the effects of dtx e, the most active compound of this family on haemocytes, the immunocompetent insect cells, and on the dynamics and efficacy of the multicellular defense of insect hosts have been investigated. ultrastructural alterations have been observed in circulating plasmatocytes and granular haemocytes, and in attached haemocytes of galleria mellonella larvae treat ... | 2002 | 12384084 |
| detection of the toxin hirsutellin a from hirsutella thompsonii. | a total of 162 strains of hirsutella thompsonii, isolated from infected mites collected worldwide, were examined for the production of hirsutellin a (hta). more than half of the broth filtrates exhibited mortality rates superior to 50% when assayed against galleria mellonella. the presence of the gene coding for hta, a previously characterized h. thompsonii protein exotoxin, was determined by pcr amplification using gene-specific primers. most isolates (100 out of 162) were shown to possess the ... | 2002 | 12383436 |
| correlation between virulence of candida albicans mutants in mice and galleria mellonella larvae. | candida albicans is a dimorphic human pathogen in which the yeast to hyphal switch may be an important factor in virulence in mammals. this pathogen has recently been shown to also kill insects such as the greater wax moth galleria mellonella when injected into the haemocoel of the insect larvae. we have investigated the effect of previously characterised c. albicans mutations that influence the yeast to hyphal transition on virulence in g. mellonella larvae. there is a good correlation between ... | 2002 | 12381467 |
| molecular studies of co-formulated strains of the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana. | a 28s rdna intron was used as a molecular marker to distinguish between two single spore strains of beauveria bassiana, bb123 and bb151. when co-formulated and assayed against larvae of galleria mellonella these strains exhibited no synergistic increase in virulence, rather bb123 usually dominated. this study shows that the success of any strain to infect galleria is dependent on the dose and method of inoculation (injection versus immersion). the result of co-formulated strains grown on solid c ... | 2002 | 12234539 |
| cloning and expression of 32 kda ferritin from galleria mellonella. | we have sequenced a cdna clone encoding 32-kda ferritin subunit in the wax moth, galleria mellonella. the 32-kda ferritin subunit cdna was obtained from pcr using identical primer designed from highly conserved regions of insect ferritins. race pcr was used to obtain the complete protein coding sequence. the 32-kda ferritin subunit encoded a 232 amino acid polypeptide, containing a 19 leader peptide. the iron-responsive element (ire) sequence with a predicted stem-loop structure was present in t ... | 2002 | 12232875 |
| comparative study on characteristics of lysozymes from the hemolymph of three lepidopteran larvae, galleria mellonella, bombyx mori, agrius convolvuli. | lysozymes were purified from the hemolymph of three immunized lepidopteran larvae, galleria mellonella, bombyx mori, agrius convolvuli to compare their physico-chemical properties and antibacterial activities with those of chicken lysozyme. four lysozymes including the one from chicken had similar molecular masses and chromatographic behavior on reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography. western blotting analysis using an antibody raised against g. mellonella revealed that lysozyme cross ... | 2002 | 12206834 |
| detection and characterisation of pr1 virulent gene deficiencies in the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | in an initial attempt to characterise single-spore isolates from metarhizium anisopliae wild-type strain v275, three genetically identical spontaneous pr1a- and pr1b-deficient mutants were detected. these mutants were identified by nested-pcr amplification and verified by southern hybridisation. sequencing and comparison of the highly conserved sequences of 28s rdna domains 9-11 confirmed that the mutant isolates were metarhizium anisopliae, but each had both morphological and genetic difference ... | 2002 | 12167546 |
| comparison of penaeid shrimp and insect parvoviruses suggests that viral transfers may occur between two distantly related arthropod groups. | the dna and putative amino acid sequences of representative insect and shrimp parvoviruses (subfamily densovirinae) were analyzed using computer programs. shrimp viruses included hepatopancreatic parvovirus (hpv) of penaeus monodon (hpvmon) and p. chinensis (hpvchin), spawner-isolated mortality virus from p. monodon (smvmon) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihhnv) from p. vannamei. insect viruses included aedes aegypti densovirus (aaednv), aedes albopictus densovirus ( ... | 2002 | 12135792 |
| differential lipid binding of truncation mutants of galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a prototype exchangeable apolipoprotein that is amenable to structure-function studies. the protein folds as a bundle of five amphipathic alpha-helices and undergoes a dramatic conformational change upon lipid binding. recently, we have shown that a truncation mutant of galleria mellonella apolp-iii comprising helices 1-3 is stable in solution and able to bind to lipid surfaces [dettloff, m., weers, p. m. m., niere, m., kay, c. m., ryan, r. o., and wiesner, a. (2 ... | 2002 | 12135391 |
| antimicrobial activity of xenorhabdus sp. rio (enterobacteriaceae), symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae). | galleria mellonella larvae infected with steinernema riobrave soon showed (after 24 h) the typical growth of its xenorhabdus sp. rio symbiont and, in parallel, the growth of another gram negative bacterial species in the body cavity. a population of entercoccus sp. in the nematode infected larvae collapsed to zero by 96 h. the level of antibiotic and antimycotic activity followed a pattern similar to that of the growth curve to stationary phase of the xenorhabdus sp. rio symbiont, over a period ... | 2002 | 12133703 |
| phased activity in heterorhabditis megidis infective juveniles. | the infectivity of heterorhabditis megidis infective juveniles (ijs) increases during storage in water. we investigated whether this change can be related to other features of the ijs' behaviour. ijs were stored in water for 4 weeks at 20 degrees c, and the following parameters were assessed at intervals: infectivity for galleria mellonella, dispersal in sand, host-finding on agar, and the percentage of ijs active in water. in addition, the behaviour of the ijs in water was described using 7 cat ... | 2002 | 12118716 |
| insect hemolymph clotting: evidence for interaction between the coagulation system and the prophenoloxidase activating cascade. | here we describe a novel approach to isolate proteins involved in insect hemolymph coagulation. in order to avoid problems in purifying clot proteins after they had been crosslinked, we performed an in vitro coagulation reaction with cell-free hemolymph from the lepidopteran galleria mellonella and used the resulting complexes to produce a specific antiserum. the antiserum reacted with a subset of hemolymph proteins as well as with granular cells, but not with other hemocyte types of galleria. s ... | 2002 | 12110299 |
| calcium-cadmium competition in ovarian vitellogenic follicles of galleria mellonella as revealed by x-ray microanalysis. | dissected ovarioles of galleria mellonella were exposed for 60 min to cadmium, supplied to insect culture medium in amount equalling that of calcium therein. the sections of ovarioles treated with a fixative precipitating both elements and embedded in epon were examined using energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis system. analysis of the digital maps obtained suggests a free inflow of ca2+ and cd2+, in approximately equal amounts. calcium-cadmium competition was revealed within the whole sample a ... | 2002 | 12056659 |
| replacement of midgut epithelium in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonela, during larval-pupal moult. | the epithelium of larval midgut of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonela, was replaced during the larval-pupal moult. the development of this moth was tentatively divided into 11 stages, from the full-grown larva of last instar to the 4-day-old pupa. the midgut at each stage was observed for (1) overall structure, (2) the position of goblet cells, and (3) the appearance of the yellow body. light microscopy revealed that cell death in the midgut began in a cocoon-spinning larva (stage ii), whe ... | 2002 | 12037588 |
| purification and characterization of apolipophorin iii from immune hemolymph of heliothis virescens pupae. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) from heliothis virescens pupae was purified by heat-treatment followed by sephadex g-50 filtration and reverse phase-hplc. the molecular mass of the purified apolp-iii was determined as 17965.9+/-5 da by mass spectrometry. the n-terminal sequence confirmed the protein as apolp-iii with homology of 56-83% to other insect apolp-iii molecules. the amino acid spatial arrangement of the predicted alpha-helix 1 of heliothis apolp-iii was nearly identical to that of the am ... | 2002 | 12031477 |
| the inha2 metalloprotease of bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 is required for pathogenicity in insects infected via the oral route. | the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is known to secrete a zinc metalloprotease (inha) that specifically cleaves antibacterial peptides produced by insect hosts. we identified a second copy of the inha gene, named inha2, in b. thuringiensis strain 407 cry(-). the inha2 gene encodes a putative polypeptide showing 66.2% overall identity with the inha protein and harboring the zinc-binding domain (hexxh), which is characteristic of the zinc-requiring metalloproteases. we used a tra ... | 2002 | 12029046 |
| two disulphide bridges are present in juvenile hormone binding protein from galleria mellonella. | the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) from galleria mellonella contains two disulphide bridges/molecule and no free cys residues. an alignment of primary structures of other lepidopteran jhbps indicates that cys residues, equivalent to cys10,17,151,195 in g. mellonella jhbp, maybe involved in -s-s- bridge formation. | 2001 | 11996002 |
| antibacterial peptides of the moth galleria mellonella. | the work describes purification and biochemical characterization of two inducible antimicrobial peptides from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. the peptides were isolated by a sequence of reversed-phase chromatography steps from the hemolymph of larvae immunized with viable bacteria. the first peptide is a member of the cecropin family while the second one is rich in proline residues and has a unique sequence. | 2001 | 11995991 |
| studies on the dna of a virus from galleria mellonella. | 1970 | 11947322 | |
| phenotypic and genotypic analysis of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus serially passaged in cell culture. | rapid accumulation of few polyhedra (fp) mutants was detected during serial passaging of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) in cell culture. 100% fp infected cells were observed by passage 6. the specific yield decreased from 178 polyhedra per cell at passage 2 to two polyhedra per cell at passage 6. the polyhedra at passage 6 were not biologically active, with a 28-fold reduction in potency compared to passage 3. electron microscopy studies revealed that very few polyhedra were ... | 2002 | 11907345 |
| calreticulin enriched as an early-stage encapsulation protein in wax moth galleria mellonella larvae. | to investigate the molecular mechanism of the early-stage encapsulation reaction in insects, we purified a 47kda protein from injected beads into galleria mellonella larvae. when a cdna clone was isolated, the 47kda protein showed high homology with drosophila and human calreticulin. western blotting analysis showed that the 47kda protein was present in the hemocytes, but not in the plasma. when the early-stage encapsulated beads were coated with 47kda protein antibody and reinjected into g. mel ... | 2002 | 11888648 |
| unique molecular architecture of silk fibroin in the waxmoth, galleria mellonella. | proteins of silk fibers are characterized by reiterations of amino acid repeats. physical properties of the fiber are determined by the amino acid composition, the complexity of repetitive units, and arrangement of these units into higher order arrays. except for very short motifs of 6-10 residues, the length of repetitive units and the number of these units concatenated in higher order assemblies vary in all spider and lepidopteran silks analyzed so far. this paper describes an exceptional silk ... | 2002 | 11886872 |
| identification of four small molecular mass proteins in the silk of bombyx mori. | this paper describes cdnas of four small-size proteins that occur in the cocoon silk of bombyxmori. two of them (9.9 and 10.3 kda), which have the n-terminal sequences and the spacing of a few amino acids at c-termini similar to the seroin of galleria mellonella, are called seroin 1 and seroin 2. the corresponding genes are expressed in the middle, and to a small extent also in the posterior silk gland sections. the seroin 1 and less conspicuously the seroin 2 mrnas accumulate in the course of t ... | 2001 | 11881808 |
| identification of virulence genes in a pathogenic strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa by representational difference analysis. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that may cause severe infections in humans and other vertebrates. in addition, a human clinical isolate of p. aeruginosa, strain pa14, also causes disease in a variety of nonvertebrate hosts, including plants, caenorhabditis elegans, and the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. this has led to the development of a multihost pathogenesis system in which plants, nematodes, and insects have been used as adjuncts to animal models for the identifi ... | 2002 | 11807055 |
| differentially expressed genes in metamorphosis and after juvenile hormone application in the pupa of galleria. | in galleria mellonella, the pupal-adult transformation of epidermal cells is initiated at day 1 after pupal ecdysis by downregulation of pupal syntheses and loss of juvenile hormone (jh) sensitivity, indicating the change from pupal to adult commitment. to trace regulatory events as close as possible to the early steps of this process, we have analyzed, by differential display, changes in epidermal mrna populations during the first day after pupal ecdysis in normal development as well as after j ... | 2002 | 11755054 |
| lipophorin of lower density is formed during immune responses in the lepidopteran insect galleria mellonella. | injection of heat-killed bacteria into larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella is followed by changes in lipoprotein composition in the hemolymph. density gradient centrifugation experiments revealed that within the first four hours after injection, a part of larval lipoprotein, high-density lipophorin (hdlp), was converted into a lipoprotein of lower density. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the gradient fractions and sequencing of protein fragments, established tha ... | 2001 | 11735046 |
| functional diversification of lepidopteran opsins following gene duplication. | a comparative approach was taken for identifying amino acid substitutions that may be under positive darwinian selection and are correlated with spectral shifts among orthologous and paralogous lepidopteran long wavelength-sensitive (lw) opsins. four novel lw opsin fragments were isolated, cloned, and sequenced from eye-specific cdnas from two butterflies, vanessa cardui (nymphalidae) and precis coenia (nymphalidae), and two moths, spodoptera exigua (noctuidae) and galleria mellonella (pyralidae ... | 2001 | 11719576 |
| differential roles of the pseudomonas aeruginosa pa14 rpon gene in pathogenicity in plants, nematodes, insects, and mice. | we cloned the rpon (ntra, glnf) gene encoding the alternate sigma factor sigma(54) from the opportunistic multihost pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa14. a marker exchange protocol was used to construct the pa14 rpon insertional mutation rpon::gen(r). pa14 rpon::gen(r) synthesized reduced levels of pyocyanin and displayed a variety of phenotypes typical of rpon mutants, including a lack of motility and the failure to grow on nitrate, glutamate, or histidine as the sole nitrogen source. co ... | 2001 | 11717271 |
| response of cd-1 mice to the chemical defence of a common arthropod (ommatoiulus sabulosus). | in order to set up a novel and ethologically relevant methodology that could be applied to the study of olfactory capabilities in transgenic mice, we analysed the behavioural responses of sexually mature male and female cd-1 mice individually exposed to a striped millipede, ommatoiulus sabulosus (l.), a very common myriapod species that secretes a repulsive and persistent odour in the presence of a predator. as control, we exposed mice to a larva of the lepidopteran greater wax moth, galleria me ... | 2001 | 11714493 |
| recovery of infectious pariacoto virus from cdna clones and identification of susceptible cell lines. | pariacoto virus (pav) is a nodavirus that was recently isolated in peru from the southern armyworm, spodoptera eridania. virus particles are non enveloped and about 30 nm in diameter and have t=3 icosahedral symmetry. the 3.0-a crystal structure shows that about 35% of the genomic rna is icosahedrally ordered, with the rna forming a dodecahedral cage of 25-nucleotide (nt) duplexes that underlie the inner surface of the capsid. the pav genome comprises two single-stranded, positive-sense rnas: rn ... | 2001 | 11711613 |
| a viral phospholipase a2 is required for parvovirus infectivity. | sequence analysis revealed phospholipase a2 (pla2) motifs in capsid proteins of parvoviruses. although pla2 activity is not known to exist in viruses, putative pla2s from divergent parvoviruses, human b19, porcine parvovirus, and insect gmdnv (densovirus from galleria mellonella), can emulate catalytic properties of secreted pla2. mutations of critical amino acids strongly reduce both pla2 activity and, proportionally, viral infectivity, but cell surface attachment, entry, and endocytosis by pla ... | 2001 | 11702787 |
| apolipophorin-iii in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the level of apolipophorin-iii reached a maximum in the haemolymph of galleria mellonella at the end of the feeding phase of the seventh larval instar and declined to a plateau value in the pupal and the adult stages. apolipophorin-iii was detected immunologically in fat body tissue, haemocyte lysates, and plasma. in its native state, apolipophorin-iii may be associated with another protein with an apparent molecular mass of 77 kda, possibly apolipophorin-ii. injections of octopamine did not cau ... | 2001 | 11673843 |
| a comparison of techniques for detecting invertebrate iridescent virus 6. | the aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and precision of various methods for the detection and quantification of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) (iridoviridae) isolated from a the stem-boring moth chilo suppressalis, and to apply these techniques to the detection of covert infections in the wax moth, galleria mellonella. the relationship between the virus concentration and absorbance at 260 nm was linear over the range of 1.6 x 10(9)-5.6 x 10(10) particles/ml. tcid(50) assay ... | 2001 | 11576637 |
| isolation and characterization of intracellular protein inclusions produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens. | cells of the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens contain two types of morphologically distinct crystalline inclusion proteins. the larger rectangular inclusion (type 1) and a smaller bipyramid-shaped inclusion (type 2) were purified from cell lysates by differential centrifugation and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. both structures are composed of protein and are readily soluble at ph 11 and 4 in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and in 8 m urea. electrophoretic analysis ... | 2001 | 11571191 |
| application of the nitroblue tetrazolium-reduction method for studies on the production of reactive oxygen species in insect haemocytes. | the in vitro generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in haemocytes of galleria mellonella, aporia crataegi, dendrolimus sibiricus, aglais urticae (lepidoptera) and gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera), was studied by the method of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction. formazan formation (product of nbt reduction) was observed in haemocytes of all the insects examined, except a. urticae. lypopolysaccharide and zymosan reduced the number of nbt-positive cells after 1 h incubation and an increase ... | 2001 | 11545444 |
| juvenile hormone binding protein and transferrin from galleria mellonella share a similar structural motif. | it has been previously suggested that juvenile hormone binding protein(s) (jhbp) belongs to a new class of proteins. in the search for other protein(s) that may contain structural motifs similar to those found in jhbp, hemolymph from galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) was chromatographed over a sephadex g-200 column and resulting fractions were subjected to sds-page, transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane and scanned with a monoclonal antibody, mab 104, against hemolymph jhbp. two proteins yiel ... | 2001 | 11530933 |
| corazonin gene expression in the waxmoth galleria mellonella. | we cloned and sequenced a full length cdna coding for [arg7]-corazonin in the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. the deduced corazonin preprohormone consists of a nineteen amino acid signal peptide, the actual eleven amino acid corazonin sequence, followed by a gly serving for amidation, a lys-arg processing site and an eighty amino acid corazonin precursor-related peptide. the data confirm the phylogenetic conservation of the actual corazonin sequence. the signal peptide and the precursor-re ... | 2001 | 11520357 |
| formulation of entomopathogenic nematode-infected cadavers. | entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially applied in aqueous suspension. these biocontrol agents may also be applied in nematode-infected insect cadavers, but this approach may entail problems in storage and ease of handling. we determined the feasibility of formulating nematode-infected insect cadavers to overcome these hindrances. all experiments were conducted with heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar and galleria mellonella (l.). nonformulated cadavers were used as controls. of 19 formulat ... | 2001 | 11500089 |
| in vivo and in vitro development of the protist helicosporidium sp. | we describe the discovery and developmental features of a helicosporidium sp. isolated from the black fly simulium jonesi. morphologically, the helicosporidia are characterized by a distinct cyst stage that encloses three ovoid cells and a single elongate filamentous cell. bioassays have demonstrated that the cysts of this isolate infect various insect species, including the lepidopterans, helicoverpa zea, galleria mellonella, and manduca sexta, and the dipterans, musca domestica, aedes taeniorh ... | 2001 | 11456323 |
| developmental temperature effects on five geographic isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (nematoda: steinernematidae). | the development of five geographic isolates of steinernema feltiae at 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 28 degrees c in wax moth, galleria mellonella, larvae was examined. the isolates were from mediterranean (sinop from turkey, sn from france, and monterey from california), subtropical (rafaela from argentina), and tropical (mg-14 from hawaii) regions. all isolates caused 100% mortality of wax moth larvae and developed and produced progeny between 8 and 25 degrees c. at 28 degrees c, mortality was 100% ... | 2001 | 11437527 |
| characterization and immunological analysis of ferritin from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. | ferritin, an iron-binding protein, was purified from the larval hemolymph of the wax moth, galleria mellonella by kbr density ultracentrifugation and fplc (superose 6). the iron content of ferritin was determined by atomic emission spectroscopy and ferene s stain. native molecular mass of ferritin was estimated as 630 kda. sds-page revealed that the ferritin consists of two major polypeptides of 26 and 32 kda and one minor polypeptide of 30 kda. an isoelectric point of ferritin was measured to b ... | 2001 | 11423320 |
| localization of injected apolipophorin iii in vivo - new insights into the immune activation process directed by this protein. | a few years ago, it was shown that intrahemocoelic injection of the insect apolipoprotein apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) stimulates an immune response in larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. since the mode of action of this activation process is unknown, we followed apolp-iii's pathway in the early phase of the immune-stimulating process, using biotin as a probe. biotinylated apolp-iii was injected and localized using avidin-coupled horseradish peroxidase. the labeled protein was ... | 2001 | 11356426 |
| expression of larval hemolymph proteins (lhp) genes and protein synthesis in the fat body of greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae during diapause. | when one-day-old, last instar galleria mellonella larvae are exposed to 18 degrees c they enter diapause and cease further development for several months. during diapause a group of proteins (72-84 kda) synthesized in the fat body and secreted into the hemolymph is markedly elevated. partial sequencing of the n-terminus of two proteins from this group confirmed their identity with larval hemolymph proteins (lhp) belonging to the family of hexameric storage proteins. the expression of two lhp gen ... | 2001 | 11356423 |
| effects of efrapeptin and destruxin, metabolites of entomogenous fungi, on the hydrolytic activity of a vacuolar type atpase identified on the brush border membrane vesicles of galleria mellonella midgut and on plant membrane bound hydrolytic enzymes. | the brush border membrane of the insect midgut is an initial site for interaction of insecticidal proteins. we have investigated the possibility that it may contain a target site for two insecticidal fungal toxins, destruxin and efrapeptin, both of which are atpase inhibitors. we have studied the effects of the toxins on the hydrolytic activity of a vacuolar type atpase (v-atpase) that we have identified from galleria mellonella midgut columnar cell brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) by its c ... | 2001 | 11342173 |
| cloning and expression of a ferritin subunit for galleria mellonella. | ferritin was purified from iron-fed galleria mellonella hemolymph by ultra centrifugation and fplc (superose 6). sds-page revealed three bands of 26, 30, and 32 kda. the ferritin 26 kda subunit cdna was obtained from rt-pcr using primer designed from n-terminal sequence analysis. 5'-race was used to obtain the complete protein coding sequence. the sequence encodes a 211 amino acid polypeptide including a 20 amino acid leader peptide. an ire (iron-responsive element) sequence with a predicted ste ... | 2001 | 11317331 |
| effect of photorhabdus luminescens phase variants on the in vivo and in vitro development and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema carpocapsae. | photorhabdus luminescens (enterobacteriaceae) is a symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis spp. (nematoda: rhabditida) used for biological control of insect pests. for industrial mass production, the nematodes are produced in liquid media, pre-incubated with their bacterial symbiont, which provides nutrients essential for the nematode's development and reproduction. particularly under in vitro conditions, p. luminescens produces phase variants, which do not allow normal nematode d ... | 2001 | 11311434 |
| a self-fertile species of steinernema from indonesia: further evidence of convergent evolution amongst entomopathogenic nematodes? | more than 20 species of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema have been described; to date, all reproduce exclusively by cross-fertilization of male and female individuals. steinernema sp. strain t87 from indonesia was found to consist largely of self-fertile hermaphrodites. progeny were produced by morphological females both in insects (galleria mellonella) and in hanging drops of insect haemolymph inoculated with a single infective juvenile. sperm were present in the oviduct of unmated mor ... | 2001 | 11272649 |
| homologues of fibroin l-chain and p25 of bombyx mori are present in dendrolimus spectabilis and papilio xuthus but not detectable in antheraea yamamai. | low molecular mass protein components of fibroin, whose electrophoretic patterns before and after the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds were similar to those of l-chain and p25 of bombyx mori, were identified in fibroin samples of bombyx mandarina, dendrolimus spectabilis and papilio xuthus but not of antheraea yamamai. fibroin of a. yamamai is suggested to form a dimer of h-chain. full length cdna sequences were cloned for the homologues of l-chain and p25 from b. mandarina, d. spectabilis ... | 2001 | 11267905 |
| an n-terminal three-helix fragment of the exchangeable insect apolipoprotein apolipophorin iii conserves the lipid binding properties of wild-type protein. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella is an exchangeable insect apolipoprotein that consists of five amphipathic alpha-helices, sharing high sequence identity with apolp-iii from the sphinx moth manduca sexta whose structure is available. to define the minimal requirement for apolp-iii structural stability and function, a c-terminal truncated apolp-iii encompassing residues 1-91 of this 163 amino acid protein was designed. far-uv circular dichroism spectrosc ... | 2001 | 11258930 |
| an epizootic of patent iridescent virus disease in multiple species of blackflies in chiapas, mexico. | simulium blackfly larvae (diptera: simuliidae) were collected from rivers and streams at 500-1500 m a.s.l. in chiapas state of southern mexico. among 45 sites surveyed over an area of 2300 km2 (around 15 degrees 15'n 92 degrees 20'w), some simulium larvae from three sites were opalescent violet-blue, interpreted as patent infection with invertebrate iridescent virus (iiv). dissection confirmed the presence of putative iridovirus particles, 130nm diameter, but no iiv isolates were obtained from h ... | 2000 | 11129714 |
| identification of insertion and deletion genes in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus variants isolated from galleria mellonella, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera litura and xestia c-nigrum. | the genomic dna of four autographa californica multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) variants isolated from galleria mellonella, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera litura and xestia c-nigrum was analyzed in comparison with the acmnpv e2 strain. restriction endonuclease analysis revealed a deletion and an insertion in collinear regions of the four variants. polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that, in the four variants, the deletion occurred in the region corresponding to acmnpv c6 ... | 2000 | 11129632 |
| apolipophorin-iii and the interactions of lipoteichoic acids with the immediate immune responses of galleria mellonella. | we investigated the effects of lipoteichoic acids, surface components of gram-positive bacteria, on the hemocytes and phenoloxidase activity in last instar galleria mellonella larvae, as well as the binding of apolipophorin-iii, an insect lipid-binding protein, to lipoteichoic acids. binding of apolipophorin-iii to lipoteichoic acid was studied using an assay based on 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue. apolipophorin-iii bound the lipoteichoic acids from bacillus subtilis, enterococcus hirae, and strept ... | 2000 | 11112367 |
| re-assessing the infection strategies of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rhabditidae; steinernematidae). | previous studies have indicated that between 60 and 80% of a population of entomopathogenic nematodes do not infect their insect hosts at any one period in time. two hypotheses explain this behaviour: the first that there is a subpopulation of non-infectious nematodes and the second that the non-infectious group is created by inhibitory cues derived from infected insects. through an experimental approach with the galleria mellonella-steinernema feltiae system we show that both mechanisms operate ... | 2000 | 11085241 |
| the plcr regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus in mice and insects. | bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used for 40 years as a safe biopesticide for controlling agricultural pests and mosquitoes because it produces insecticidal crystal proteins. however, spores have also been shown to contribute to overall entomopathogenicity. here, the opportunistic properties of acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis cry(-) and bacillus cereus strains were investigated in an insect species, galleria mellonella, and in a mammal, balb/c mice. in both animal models, the pathogenici ... | 2000 | 11065361 |
| xenorhabdus bovienii t228 phase variation and virulence are independent of reca function. | colony pleomorphism, or phase variation, expressed by entomopathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus xenorhabdus, is an important factor which determines the association of the bacteria with their nematode symbiont and the outcome of infection of susceptible insect larvae by the bacterium- nematode parasitic complex. the mechanism underlying phase variation is unknown. to determine whether reca-mediated processes are linked to phase variation, the reca gene of xenorhabdus bovienii was cloned a ... | 2000 | 11065360 |
| the presence of n-acetylneuraminic acid in malpighian tubules of larvae of the cicada philaenus spumarius. | sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates are generally considered to be unique to the deuterostomes, a lineage of the animal kingdom which includes animals from the echinoderms up to the vertebrates. there are, however, two isolated reports of sialic acid occurring in the insect species drosophila melanogaster and galleria mellonella. since insects are classified as protostomes, these findings call previous assumption on the phylogenetic distribution and thus on the evolution of sialic acids into ... | 1999 | 11003558 |
| nitrogen partitioning in heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infected hosts and the effects of nitrogen on attraction/repulsion. | entomopathogenic nematode behavior is affected by the condition of their infected hosts. we hypothesized that nitrogen compounds released from infected hosts may be one factor affecting entomopathogenic nematode host-finding and infection behaviors. our objectives were to (1) investigate the partitioning of nitrogen in galleria mellonella (l.) infected by heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar and (2) determine attraction and repulsion of h. bacteriophora to various quantities of nitrogen (ammonia ... | 2000 | 10963402 |
| temperature-dependent regulatory mechanism of larval development of the wax moth (galleria mellonella). | the mechanisms underlying larval diapause in the wax moth (galleria mellonella) is one of the most throughly studied aspects. at the low temperature of 18 degrees c, the last instar larvae did not pupate but transferred to 30 degrees c they initiated development and pupation in a circadian manner. different types of surgical manipulations including head-ligation, nerve cord-severance, implantation of the brain, prothoracic glands, accompanied with ecdysteroid titre measurements indicated that di ... | 2000 | 10961696 |
| antibiotic production in relation to bacterial growth and nematode development in photorhabdus--heterorhabditis infected galleria mellonella larvae. | the population of photorhabdus luminescens c9, bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode, heterorhabditis megidis 90, increased rapidly to 1.2-2.6x10(9) cells g(-1) wet galleria mellonella larvae within 24 h of nematode infection of the larvae, and maintained a relatively constant level (1.2-2.0x10(10) cells g(-1)) through the entire 14-day period of nematode development. the antibiotic, 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene, was produced by p. luminescens c9 after 24 h of nematode infect ... | 2000 | 10930742 |
| enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous baculoviruses infectious to beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) by an optical brightener. | the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (semnpv), was the most active virus tested against the beet armyworm (lc50 = 4.1 pibs/mm2), followed by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from the alfalfa looper, autographa californica (speyer) (acmnpv; lc50 = 92.6 pibs/mm2), and the celery looper, anagrapha falcifera (kirby) (afmnpv; lc50 = 195.7 pibs/mm2). in the case of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner), lc50s coul ... | 2000 | 10902301 |
| environmental factors affecting sexual differentiation in the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora. | the present study was aimed at determining the influence of various environmental factors on sex differentiation (sd) in the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 strain, under in vivo and in vitro culture conditions. injection of individual nematodes into last instars of galleria mellonella resulted in development of a similar number of females and hermaphrodites (35-40%) and 20-25% males. increasing the number of nematodes injected into the insect did not change these pr ... | 2000 | 10900435 |
| vitellin and vitellogenin in the soldier bug, podisus maculiventris: identification with monoclonal antibodies and reproductive response to diet. | a 171,000 m(r )polypeptide of podisus maculiventris (say) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) that constituted 16% of the protein in eggs also constituted up to 25% of the protein in hemolymph of fed females. it was identified as the major or sole apoprotein of vitellogenin. eggs contained major polypeptides of 171, 106, and 51 kda. the hemolymph polypeptide was identified with a polypeptide (vitellin) in egg extracts by comparing molecular weights, specificity of occurrence in fed females, and immunolo ... | 2000 | 10897094 |
| positive correlation between virulence of pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants in mice and insects. | strain pa14, a human clinical isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa, is pathogenic in mice and insects (galleria mellonella). analysis of 32 different pa14 mutants in these two hosts showed a novel positive correlation in the virulence patterns. thus, g. mellonella is a good model system for identifying mammalian virulence factors of p. aeruginosa. | 2000 | 10851003 |