Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| progress towards, and challenges for, the elimination of filariasis from pacific-island communities. | the pacific programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (pacelf) - the first regional campaign to attempt to eliminate filariasis as a public-health problem - is using five, annual, mass drug administrations (mda) of diethylcarbamazine (dec) plus albendazole to stop transmission. in 2001, nine countries and territories covered by the programme had begun annual mda campaigns, with population treatment coverages ranging from 52% to 95%. by the end of 2002, it is anticipated that 11 count ... | 2002 | 12625919 |
| field application of pcr-based assays for monitoring wuchereria bancrofti infection in africa. | approximately 50 million people in egypt and sub-saharan africa have bancroftian filariasis and together they represent about a third of all cases of lymphatic filariasis (lf) world-wide. currently, the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, which was launched by the world health organization (who) in 1998, is largely based on repeated annual cycles of mass drug administration (mda) to endemic populations. also, some countries, including egypt, are taking steps to improve lf vector- ... | 2002 | 12625918 |
| development and standardization of a rapid, pcr-based method for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes, for xenomonitoring the human prevalence of bancroftian filariasis. | pcr has recently been studied as a promising tool for monitoring the progress of efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. pcr can be used to test concurrently at least 30 pools, with as many as 40 mosquitoes in each pool, for the presence of filarial larvae. the sspi pcr assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in pools of mosquitoes has been used since 1994 in a variety of laboratories worldwide. during that time, the original assay has been modified in these different laboratories ... | 2002 | 12625916 |
| filaria dance sign and subclinical hydrocoele in two east african communities with bancroftian filariasis. | during population-wide cross-sectional surveys for wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia, circulating antigenaemia, and clinical disease in a high and a low endemicity community in east africa in 1998, a portable ultrasound scanner was used simultaneously to examine the scrotal tissue of the male populations (n = 422 and 328, respectively) for signs of adult worms. the overall microfilaria (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (cfa) prevalences in the scanned males were 30.8% and 53.6% in the high ... | 2002 | 12625143 |
| primed peritoneal b lymphocytes are sufficient to transfer protection against brugia pahangi infection in mice. | lymphatic filariasis is a tropical disease caused by the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. whereas the protective potential of t lymphocytes in filarial infection is well documented, investigation of the role of b lymphocytes in antifilarial immunity has been neglected. in this communication, we examine the role of b lymphocytes in antifilarial immunity, using brugia pahangi infections in the murine peritoneal cavity as a model. we find that b lymphocytes are required fo ... | 2003 | 12595454 |
| lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: prospects for elimination. | lymphatic filariasis is a significant public health problem in several pacific island countries. papua new guinea is one of the most populous countries in this region, and 39% of its residents are estimated to be infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the ministries of health of the 22 islands and territories in the pacific region are committed to taking action against lymphatic filariasis. accordingly, a regional collaborative effort aimed at the control of filariasis has been organized under the ... | 2003 | 12592558 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of lymphatic filariasis. | pcr-based diagnostic assays are promising tools for the monitoring and evaluation of the global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis. sensitive and specific assays have been described for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, or brugia timori infection in blood, sputum, and vectors. these techniques can be most cost-effective when employed for pool screening, which is important in the later stages of control programs when infection rates of humans and vectors are low ... | 2003 | 12592557 |
| setaria cervi: in vitro released collagenases and their inhibition by wuchereria bancrofti infected sera. | in vitro released products of adult setaria cervi females, microfilariae and extracts showed considerable amounts of collagenase activity. on the basis of per mg protein released in vitro, the products of both microfilariae and adult females exhibited comparable activity but this was much higher than that of extract of microfilariae and adult females. two collagenase enzymes with molecular masses of 50 kda and 70 kda were separated using deae-sepharose cl6b and sephadex g-100 column chromatograp ... | 2003 | 12590669 |
| short communication: concomitant malaria and filariasis infections in georgetown, guyana. | lymphatic filariasis and malaria are endemic in guyana, south america. to determine the prevalence of concomitant infections, we conducted a 1-year survey of febrile patients attending the malaria (day) and filariasis (night) clinics in georgetown. in all, 1278 thick blood smears were collected: 769 for filariasis, of which 103 were positive for wuchereria bancrofti, and three for both w. bancrofti and malaria parasites; and 509 for malaria, 21 of which tested positive for malaria and 17 for bot ... | 2003 | 12581439 |
| ctla-4 in filarial infections: implications for a role in diminished t cell reactivity. | to determine the role that ctla-4 might play in mediating the diminished parasite ag-specific t cell responsiveness that is characteristically seen in filaria-infected patients, several study populations and methods were used. first, quantitative assessment of mrna expression determined that pbmc from uninfected adolescents exposed in utero to microfilarial (mf) ag demonstrated a strong up-regulation of ctla-4 to the mf stage of the parasite in contrast to that observed in cells from children bo ... | 2003 | 12574361 |
| [observation on the persistence period and transmission of residual microfilaremia with medium and higher density]. | to explore the persistence period of medium and higher density of microfilaremia and its role in the transmission of filariasis in areas with filariasis basically eradicated. | 2000 | 12567699 |
| [a staining method for defecting microfilaria in preserved hemolysed smear preparations]. | 2000 | 12567677 | |
| [long-term effect of ict application in monitoring filariasis control]. | 2000 | 12567650 | |
| [efficacy of surgical treatment of hydrocele in 167 cases with filariasis bancrofti]. | 2000 | 12567478 | |
| value of the quantitative buffy coat capillary tube test (qbc) in the microscopic diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | the diagnostic performance of the commerical quantitative buffy coat capillary tube technique was compared with the standard diagnosis of filariasis by microscopical examination of giemsa stained thick blood films. the comparison was conducted among 83 subjects. the qbc test was highly sensitive than the thick blood film in detection of microfilaraemic patients. the percentage of positive cases among 35 subjects with fever and enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla or in the groin was 48.6% versus 4 ... | 1999 | 12561902 |
| serum levels of endothelin-1 (et-1), interleukin-2 (il-2) and amino-terminal propeptide type iii procollagen (piii np) in patients with acute and chronic filariasis. | filariasis, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease, is a worldwide health problem. there is still, some controversial concerning the diagnosis of acute and chronic infections. the serum levels of endothelin-1 (et-1), interleukin-2 (il-2) and amino-terminal propeptide type iii (piii np) was measured in patients with acute and chronic filariasis as compared with controls. the et-1, il-2 and piii np levels were significantly high in chronic cases than in acute. on the other hand, the serum levels of il ... | 2001 | 12557940 |
| seroreactivity of purified brugia malayi microfilarial soluble and excretory-secretory antigens in different clinical presentations of bancroftian filariasis. | brugia malayi microfilarial excretory-secretory (mf es) and phosphate buffer saline soluble (mf s) antigens were fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) on superdex 200 hr 10/30 gel filtration column. the active antigen fractions were identified and explored in comparison with whole mf es and mf s antigens to detect filarial igg antibodies in different groups viz microfilaraemics, acute, chronic and occult filarial cases of wuchereria bancrofti infection and endemic and non-end ... | 2000 | 12557912 |
| the pathogenesis of filarial lymphedema: is it the worm or is it the host? | our understanding of the pathogenesis of filarial lymphedema, although evolving, is still limited. recurrent bacterial infections play a major role in the progression of lymphedema to elephantiasis, but the host and parasite factors that trigger disease development are not known. field studies in haiti show that lymphedema and host responses to parasite antigens cluster in families, consistent with the hypothesis that host genes influence lymphedema susceptibility. the recent recognition that fi ... | 2002 | 12543723 |
| analysis of wuchereria bancrofti infections in a village community in northern nigeria: increased prevalence in individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus. | infections with wuchereria bancrofti causing lymphatic filariasis still represent one of the major health problems in the tropics, with 120 million people infected and over 750 million exposed to this filarial parasite. we have studied lymphatic filariasis infections as part of a multi-parasite survey in a village community in the savannah of northern nigeria. we analysed serum samples from 341 individuals aged 5-70 years, detecting a w. bancrofti circulating antigen using the commercially avail ... | 2003 | 12543143 |
| the use of spatial analysis in mapping the distribution of bancroftian filariasis in four west african countries. | the geographical distribution of human infection with wuchereria bancrofti was investigated in four west african countries (benin, burkina faso, ghana and togo), using a commercial immunochromatographic test for filarial antigen. efforts were made to cover each health-system implementation unit and to ensure no sampling point was >50 km from another, but otherwise the 401 study communities were selected at random. the aim was to enable spatial analysis of the data, to provide a prediction of the ... | 2002 | 12537631 |
| tolerability and efficacy of single dose albendazole, diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) or co-administration of albendazole with dec in the clearance of wuchereria bancrofti in asymptomatic microfilaraemic volunteers in pondicherry, south india: a hospital-based study. | background: the tolerability and efficacy of single dose albendazole (400 mg), diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) (6 mg/kg bodyweight) or co-administration of albendazole (400 mg) + dec (6 mg/kg bodyweight) was studied in 54 asymptomatic wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic volunteers in a double blind hospital-based clinical study. results: there was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between the three drug groups [42.1% (albendazole), 52.9% (dec) and 61.1% (a ... | 2002 | 12537598 |
| bancroftian filariasis: clinical parasitologic and serologic evaluation after 4 years applying two antifilarial regimens. | in august 1 997, 124 individuals out ot 1,110 were selected as being seropositive for circulating filarial antigen og4c3 (cfa). ten healthy children proven negative for cfa were used as controls. the patients were classified into: g1 28 patients; 20 asymptomatic microfilaraemic and 8 symptomatic amicrofilaraemic (amf), g2 80 patients, 22 asymptomatic mf, 48 asymptomatic amf and 10 symptomatic amf and g3 16 asymptomatic amf. g1 was treated by single annual dose of diethyl carbamazine (dec) (6mg/k ... | 2002 | 12512817 |
| transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis: density-dependence in the uptake of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae by vector mosquitoes. | gaining a better understanding of parasite infection dynamics in the vector mosquito (diptera: culicidae) population is central to improving knowledge regarding the transmission, persistence and hence control of lymphatic filariasis. here, we use data on mosquito feeding experiments collated from the published literature to examine the available evidence regarding the functional form of the first component of this parasite-vector relationship for wuchereria bancrofti (filarioidea: onchocercidae) ... | 2002 | 12510894 |
| lymphatic filariasis-specific immune responses in relation to lymphoedema grade and infection status. ii. humoral responses. | the filarial-specific humoral responses (igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4 and ige) to a brugia pahangi antigen was assessed in 9 groups of adult individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area in north-east tanzania. in 5 of the groups, individuals were negative for microfilariae (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (cfa) and had leg lymphoedema of varying severity ranging from early to more advanced grades. a 6th group had mixed grades of lymphoedema and were actively infected with mf and/or cfa. t ... | 2002 | 12497987 |
| lymphatic filariasis-specific immune responses in relation to lymphoedema grade and infection status. i. cellular responses. | the filariasis-specific cellular responsiveness was assessed in 109 adult individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area in north-east tanzania. there were 9 study groups. five groups of individuals were negative for microfilariae (mf) and specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) and had leg lymphoedema of varying severity ranging from early to more advanced grades (pathology groups 1-5). another group comprised individuals with mixed grades of lymphoedema and positive for mf and/or cfa ... | 2002 | 12497986 |
| filariasis in a tourist diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. | 2002 | 12485178 | |
| reading ict filariasis rapid diagnostic card tests under field conditions and issues of good clinical practice in clinical trials. | 2002 | 12474495 | |
| mass treatment to eliminate filariasis in papua new guinea. | the global initiative to eradicate bancroftian filariasis currently relies on mass treatment with four to six annual doses of antifilarial drugs. the goal is to reduce the reservoir of microfilariae in the blood to a level that is insufficient to maintain transmission by the mosquito vector. | 2002 | 12466508 |
| [preliminary results in the clinical, epidemiological and parasitological study of bancrofti filariasis in madagascar]. | in 1958, a large study on the distribution of bancroft filariasis was set up in madagascar. in order to update these data, the authors have studied in the same areas the parasitological and clinical prevalence of bancroft filariasis. here are the preliminary results of this study, concerning 1862 people, aged 10 years and more. the mean prevalence rate of microfilaria-carriers was of 22.9%, and the average parasitic density was of 3.6 parasits/20 microliters of blood. the prevalence rate of chro ... | 1996 | 12463009 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format to diagnose wuchereria bancrofti specific immunoglobulin g4 class in urine samples. | 2002 | 12452485 | |
| a hypodermally expressed prolyl 4-hydroxylase from the filarial nematode brugia malayi is soluble and active in the absence of protein disulfide isomerase. | the collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (p4h) class of enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of prolines in the x-pro-gly repeats of collagen chains. this modification is central to the synthesis of all collagens. most p4hs are alpha(2)beta(2) tetramers with the catalytic activity residing in the alpha subunits. the beta subunits are identical to the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase. the nematode cuticle is a collagenous extracellular matrix required for maintenance of the worm body shape. examination ... | 2003 | 12417582 |
| protective immune responses with trickle infections of third-stage filarial larvae of wuchereria bancrofti in mice. | groups of inbred balb/c mice were immunized with trickle doses of 20 live third-stage larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti each subcutaneously or with 150 microg of sonicated microfilarial antigens emulsified in freund's adjuvant intramuscularly. an antibody response was distinctly seen after seven trickle doses of l3 and following with the sonicated microfilarial immunization. due to the non-permissive nature of inbred mice to w. bancrofti infections, a novel immunization approach was adopted us ... | 1989 | 12412764 |
| antibodies in human filariasis sera react with diethylcarbamazine. | we demonstrate by an elisa the presence of antibodies in human filarial sera that react with diethylcarbamazine (dec); they appear to be primarily filarial antibodies cross-reacting with dec skeleton, since affinity-purified dec antibodies strongly react with wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. these observations indicate a possible antigenic mimicry between the drug and some parasite component. | 1989 | 12412752 |
| microfilaria in a thyroid nodule which resolved on treatment. | 2002 | 12405321 | |
| the influence of the mass administration of diethylcarbamazine, alone or with albendazole, on the prevalence of filarial antigenaemia. | the current indian campaign for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis is largely based on mass drug administration (mda). as part of this campaign, villagers in the tirukoilur and mugaiyur 'blocks' (i.e. revenue units) of villupuram district, in tamil nadu, india, were treated with diethylcarbamazine (dec), either alone (mugaiyur) or with albendazole (tirukoilur), in march 2001. the efficacy of treatment, in each of the two treatment arms, was evaluated by determining the percentages of the su ... | 2002 | 12396322 |
| the histopathology of bancroftian filariasis revisited: the role of the adult worm in the lymphatic-vessel disease. | although morphology is generally limited to static images, the histopathological features of bancroftian lymphatic disease are presented here in a way that is as dynamic as possible and closely associated with the clinical, ultrasonographic and surgical characteristics. the protean spectrum of alterations seen in the host's lymphatic vessels is discussed, and the changes caused by the live and dead worms are highlighted, as independent events. evidence of a remodelling process, in which the lymp ... | 2002 | 12396316 |
| prevalence of diurnally subperiodic bancroftian filariasis among the nicobarese in andaman and nicobar islands, india: effect of age and gender. | we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence of disease and microfilaraemia caused by diurnally subperiodic strain of wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by day biting aedes niveus in teressa island, remotely located in the nicobar district of andaman and nicobar islands. lymphatic filariasis is a considerable public health problem on this island with an overall endemicity rate of 16.2%. there was a gradual increase in microfilaraemia prevalence with age, reaching a plateau above ... | 2002 | 12390601 |
| the impact of single-dose diethylcarbamazine treatment of bancroftian filariasis in a low-endemicity setting in egypt. | this study was designed to evaluate the effect of a single dose of diethylcarbamazine (dec, 6 mg/kg) on wuchereria bancrofti infections in a low-endemicity setting in egypt (microfilaremia, or mf, 3.7%, median mf 34/ml). subjects with mf or filarial antigenemia were treated and restudied 1 year later. treatment with dec dramatically reduced blood mf counts, with clearance in 69% of subjects. treatment also reduced filarial antigen levels, but low clearance rates suggest that some adult worms sur ... | 2002 | 12389947 |
| an immature filarial worm, probably wuchereria bancrofti, from the anterior chamber of the eye in a patient from sri lanka. | 2002 | 12375373 | |
| treatment of brugia timori and wuchereria bancrofti infections in indonesia using dec or a combination of dec and albendazole: adverse reactions and short-term effects on microfilariae. | filariasis caused by brugia timori and wuchereria bancrofti is an important public health problem on alor island, east nusa tenggara, indonesia. to implement a control programme, adverse reactions and short-term effects on the microfilaria (mf) density were studied following a divided dose of diethylcarbamazine (dec, 6 mg/kg body weight - 100 mg on day 1 and the rest on day 3) or a single dose of dec (6 mg/kg body weight on day 3) and albendazole (alb, 400 mg). in order to define the most approp ... | 2002 | 12358626 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria and concomitant presence of other micro-organisms in urine of pregnant women in dar es salaam -- tanzania. | this study was designed to determine the prevalence of significant bacteriuria in pregnancy in dar es salaam as well as attempt to find out whether bacteriuria has any effects on the mother and baby. of 1007 pregnant women studied for asymptomatic bacteriuria, a significant bacteriuria rate of 6.3% was revealed. escherichia coli was the predominant organism, making up 47.6% of the total organisms isolated. schistosoma hematobium was present in 8.7%, t. vaginalis in 14%, yeast cells were found ... | 1983 | 12340188 |
| can insecticide resistance status affect parasite transmission in mosquitoes? | 2002 | 12225925 | |
| the effect of six rounds of single dose mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin on wuchereria bancrofti infection and its implications for lymphatic filariasis elimination. | annual mass treatment with single-dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin (ivm) in combination with albendazole (alb) for 4-6 years is the principal tool of lymphatic filariasis (lf) elimination strategy. this placebo-controlled study examined the potential of six rounds of mass treatment with dec or ivm to eliminate wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans in rural areas in south india. a percentage of 54-75 of the eligible population (> or =15 kg body weight) received treatment during diff ... | 2002 | 12225508 |
| bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in east africa. | bancroftian filariasis infection, disease and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in east africa were analyzed and compared to assess the relationship between these parameters and community transmission intensity. overall prevalences of microfilaremia and circulating filarial antigenemia were 24.9% and 52.2% in the high and 2.7% and 16.5% in the low endemicity community, respectively. a positive history of acute attacks of adenolymphangitis was given by 1 ... | 2002 | 12201589 |
| young male with pancytopenia: an unusual cause. | 2002 | 12151578 | |
| development of antigen detection elisa for the diagnosis of brugian and bancroftian filariasis using antibodies to recombinant filarial antigens bm-sxp-1 and wb-sxp-1. | antibodies specific to recombinant filarial antigens wb-sxp-1 and bm-sxp-1 have been used to develop a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in sera from patients with lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti of brugia malayi. in patients with w. bancrofti infections, a high proportion of microfilaria (mf) positive (mf) and low proportions of patients with chronic pathology (cp) and endemic normals (en) showed the presence of cfa. similarly in patients ... | 2002 | 12139392 |
| relationship between male hydrocele and infection prevalences in clustered communities with uncertain transmission of wuchereria bancrofti on the thailand-myanmar border. | a cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in three clustered communities, belonging to a single small village in mae chan subdistrict, umphang district, tak province, close to the thailand-myanmar border, where regular night blood survey have been discontinued since 1997 and no epidemiological study had been conducted. in order to understand prevalences of distribution of male hydrocele and infection in clinically diagnostic and epidemiologic implications in uncertain transmission of ... | 2002 | 12118464 |
| immunocytochemical localization of antigens recognised by tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and individuals with intestinal helminths antisera in microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrathin sections of microfilaria of w. bancrofti embedded in the hydrophilic resin l.r. white were incubated with sera from patients with a typical picture of filarial tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) and sera from patients of a non-endemic region for filariasis regarding intestinal helminths. both groups had a similar pattern of labelling, except that the labelling intensity was higher with the sera of patients with filarial tpe. the present study indicates relevant epitopes recognised b ... | 2002 | 12117283 |
| antibiotics for the treatment of onchocerciasis and other filarial infections. | more effective drugs are needed for the treatment of human filarial diseases and the elimination of these infections as a public health problem. the drugs must either kill or sterilize adult worms. the relevant filariae, onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancofti and brugia species, harbor rickettsial endoboacteria of the genus wolbachia as symbionts. animal experiments have shown that the elimination of these endobacteria causes inhibition of embryogenesis, and with onchocerca ochengi a macrofila ... | 2002 | 12090719 |
| lymphatic filariasis in the karonga district of northern malawi: a prevalence survey. | in malawi, two main foci of lymphatic filariasis (lf) are known to exist: one in the south, in the shire valley, and the other in the north, along the songwe river, on the border with tanzania. there have been no formal surveys in the songwe area since the 1960s but an opportunity arose in 2000-2001 to map lf in this area, in the context of a leprosy survey that formed part of the follow-up of a large leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine trial. overall 687 immunochromatographic (ict) tests were carr ... | 2002 | 12080974 |
| [application of immunochromatographic test for diagnosis and surveillance of bancroftian filariasis]. | to evaluate the usefulness of immunochromatographic test (ict) for rapid diagnosis and surveillance of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | 1998 | 12078234 |
| lymphatic filariasis: new insights into an old disease. | lymphatic filariasis has afflicted people in the tropical areas of the world for thousands of years but even up to comparatively recent times it has been poorly understood and its importance under recognised. in the last 2 decades or so there has been a flurry of activity in filariasis research, which has provided new insights into the global problem of filariasis, the pathogenesis of filarial disease, diagnosis and control. | 2002 | 12076624 |
| age-grading and growth of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) larvae by growth measurements and its use for estimating blood-meal intervals of its polynesian vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae). | growth in length and width of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) larvae developing in its polynesian vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae) was analysed using a mathematical approach to objectively extract patterns. l1 had a u-shaped growth in length, while widths followed an s-shaped function. l2 had an s-shaped growth in length and width. growth in length of l3 was also s-shaped, while widths had an asymptotic size following a period of rapid shrinkage. the greatest diff ... | 2002 | 12062489 |
| recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques for human lymphatic filariasis and their use in epidemiological research. | diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis for epidemiological studies is an area of science that has been greatly modernized over the last two decades. recent developments and the introduction of new technologies have led to the replacement of traditional diagnostic methods that were insensitive, tedious and often impractical with molecular biology techniques that have considerable potential for field use. this paper reviews some of these major new techniques and the applications of molecular diagnosis ... | 2002 | 12055843 |
| ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis in ghana: follow-up after re-treatment with the combination. | the efficacy of re-treatment with the combination of ivermectin (150-200 micrograms/kg bodyweight) and albendazole (400 mg) on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia was assessed in 1997-99 in 4 groups of individuals from coastal ghana, which 1 year previously had received a primary treatment with placebo (n = 38), albendazole (n = 39), ivermectin (n = 34) or combination of albendazole and ivermectin (n = 42), respectively. one year after the re-treatment, an overall mean reduction in microfilaria ... | 2002 | 12055812 |
| progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult wuchereria bancrofti. | bancroftian filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by infection with the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. infection with this parasite can induce a broad array of chronic debilitating and socially stigmatizing conditions, but the pathogenesis of this morbidity remains obscure. recent evidence indicates that in filariasis-endemic areas the primary lesion is not lymphatic vessel obstruction but, rather, dilatation. to determine the extent to which lymph ... | 2002 | 12055805 |
| serum ferritin, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol levels in lymphatic filariasis. | based on a cross-sectional study conducted among 100 adults in 1993 in tanga, tanzania, the relationship between wuchereria bancrofti infection and markers of iron, vitamin a and vitamin e status was assessed. potential predictors assessed were elephantiasis, hydrocoele, w. bancrofti microfilaria intensity and antigen concentration, and intensity of schistosoma haematobium, hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides infection, while controlling for age, sex and elevated serum alpha-1 ... | 2002 | 12055804 |
| lymphatic filariasis in lower shire, southern malawi. | surveys for lymphatic filariasis were carried out for the first time in lower shire (nsanje and chikawawa districts) of southern malawi, in april-june 2000. there were 3 phases. in phase i, questionnaire surveys in 48 randomly selected villages indicated that chronic manifestations of lymphatic filariasis ('swollen scrotum' and 'swollen legs') were common and widespread in the area. in phase ii, volunteers from 10 of the villages reporting frequent manifestations of filariasis in phase i were ex ... | 2002 | 12055799 |
| a new insight into the pathogenesis of filarial disease. | filariasis is a major public health problem throughout many regions of the tropics. the disease is caused by several species of filarial nematode including wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, the agents of lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerca volvulus, the cause of 'riverblindness'. disease caused by these worms varies depending on the tissue location of the parasite, and is associated with episodes of acute and chronic inflammation. these pathologies, including elephantiasis and blindness, ... | 2002 | 12041732 |
| molecular characterization of a calcium binding translationally controlled tumor protein homologue from the filarial parasites brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. | we have cloned homologues of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) from the human filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. tctp genes from b. malayi and w. bancrofti were expressed in a t7 promoter vector as histidine tagged fusion proteins. both the recombinant b. malayi tctp (rbm-tctp) and recombinant w. bancrofti tctp (rwb-tctp) have a molecular mass of approximately 28 kda with the histidine tag. sequence analyses showed that there is a 98% similarit ... | 2002 | 11985867 |
| [ivermectin, a broad spectrum antiparasitic drug]. | activity: ivermectine, derived from beta avermectines, monocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis, is a potent oral microfilaricide used by veterinaries since 1981. the anti-filarial activity is two-fold: both microfilaricide and embryotoxic in female adults; it has no activity on the latter. indications: ivermectine is the treatment of choice in onchocercosis, induced by the nematode onchocerca volvulus, and was included in the onchocercosis control program (programme de contrôle ... | 2002 | 11984984 |
| current status and future prospects of the global lymphatic filariasis programme. | lymphatic filariasis is recognized as one of the world's most disabling diseases. adult lymphatic filarial nematodes live for several years; they infest the lymphatic and blood systems, and are transmitted via mosquito vectors. acute and chronic disease can develop, manifesting as acute inflammation, hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis. the development of a global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (focusing on disease caused by wuchereria bancrofti) followed a resolutio ... | 2001 | 11979126 |
| lymphatic filariasis: new insights and prospects for control. | although lymphatic filariasis remains among the major causes of disability among the tropical infectious diseases, dramatic advances have been made in the approach to its diagnosis, epidemiology and treatment, in our understanding of the molecular composition of the parasites that cause these infections, and in the factors underlying the pathology seen. superimposing the tools of modern epidemiology, immunology, and molecular biology on field-based clinical trials has allowed the emergence of th ... | 2001 | 11964873 |
| impact of untreated bednets on prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by anopheles farauti in papua new guinea. | despite the growing evidence that insecticide-treated mosquito nets reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in a variety of epidemiological conditions, their value against lymphatic filariasis infection and disease is yet to be established. the impact of untreated bednets on the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (nematoda: filarioidea) infection and disease was investigated on bagabag island in papua new guinea, where both malaria and filariasis are transmitted by the same vector mosqu ... | 2002 | 11963977 |
| aedes albolateralis, a potential vector of nocturnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus. | the susceptibility of aedes albolateralis to nocturnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus was investigated by using artificial membrane feeding and intrathoracic inoculation techniques, respectively. the results indicated that ae. albolateralis was susceptible to nocturnally subperiodic w. bancrofti (susceptibility rate = 9.43%) and dengue type 2 virus (susceptibility rate = 100%), suggesting the potential vector of the two pathogens. | 2001 | 11944727 |
| transmission of bancroftian filariasis in tea agro-ecosystem of assam, india. | tea industry is a labor intensive agro-industry and filariasis is mostly localized among the tea garden workers in assam. the workers live inside the gardens in colonies. studies conducted in two cosecutive years revealed that among the host seeking culex quinquefasciatus average infection rate was 4.6% and with 2.1 larvae per mosquito. the overall prevalence of infective mosquitos was 0.8% with average l3 load of 2.0 per mosquito. the probability of infected mosquitos surviving to have complete ... | 2001 | 11944721 |
| efficacy of mass single-dose diethylcarbamazine and dec-fortified salt against bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea six months after treatment. | the efficacy of two diethylcarbamazine (dec) treatment strategies to control bancroftian filariasis, diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt (dec-fs) and a single dec dose on mass administration, was evaluated in two communities in papua new guinea with pretreatment antigen prevalence of 55% and 71%. in the first community 0.2% w/w diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt was distributed monthly to accepting households at no cost for 12 months. in the second community a single dec dose based on body size but ... | 2000 | 11939303 |
| human immune responses to lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea. | the following review highlights our current knowledge about the host immune response to lymphatic filariasis. our understanding of how the host immune response influences the risk of developing disease has changed dramatically over the past decade. previously the spectrum of disease associated with lymphatic filariasis was largely attributed to the nature of the host immune response. now we appreciate that the duration and intensity of infection and possibly the direct influence of parasite-deri ... | 2000 | 11939302 |
| control of lymphatic filariasis in a hunter-gatherer group in madang province. | diethylcarbamazine (dec) has been successfully administered to millions of people in established villages and towns, but little or no information exists on the use of this drug to control lymphatic filariasis in isolated seminomadic groups. we have studied the impact of biannual single-dose mass treatment to control filariasis in the hagahai, an isolated hunter-gatherer, shifting horticulturist group in the fringe highlands of papua new guinea. despite low treatment coverage, 6 mass treatment ro ... | 2000 | 11939301 |
| the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis on lihir island, new ireland province. | clinical, parasitological and entomological surveys performed in 9 villages on lihir island, papua new guinea, before mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec), showed that lymphatic filariasis, caused by nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti, was endemic in 8 of them. blood samples from 593 people revealed an overall microfilarial carrier rate of 24%. amongst endemic villages, microfilarial carrier rates ranged from 5% to 43% and there was no significant difference in parasite prevalence ... | 2000 | 11939300 |
| towards eliminating lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: impact of annual single-dose mass treatment on transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in east sepik province. | the impact of annual single-dose community-wide treatment on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was investigated in 5 villages in the east sepik province where pretreatment prevalence of microfilaraemia ranged from 34% to 73%. anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis were the only carriers of the parasite. 3 villages received diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) in combination with ivermectin (ivr) and 2 received dec alone. the rate and intensity of microfilaraemia were both reduced in all 5 vi ... | 2000 | 11939298 |
| wuchereria bancrofti infection and disease in a rural area of papua new guinea. | the relation between infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis is still imperfectly understood. this paper presents baseline data on microfilaraemia, oedema and acute episodes from a drug trial against bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. among 2,187 people with data on these manifestations, 1,144 were microfilaraemic, 78 had leg oedema, 356 had acute episodes and 919 were negative for all three. all possible combinations of the three manifestations were observed. the relationships be ... | 2000 | 11939297 |
| evaluation of the ict whole-blood antigen card test to detect infection due to wuchereria bancrofti in sri lanka. | the sensitivity, specificity and cost effectiveness of an immunochromatographic card test (ict, amrad) for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis were estimated against 2 standard parasitological techniques: thick blood film (tbf) and nuclepore membrane filtration (nmf). individuals were selected from endemic localities in the western province (n = 213) and from the non-endemic central province (n = 29) of sri lanka. blood was collected between 21:00 and midnight. sixty microlitre of non-hepari ... | 2002 | 11925995 |
| prevalence and intensity of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in sri lanka by og4c3 elisa using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. | in sri lanka 2741 people from matara, an endemic area for wuchereria bancrofti, were examined in 1996/97 for microfilariae by 60-microl blood smear and for circulating filarial antigens by og4c3 elisa using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. the overall prevalence of microfilaraemia was 3.4%, and that of antigenaemia 14.4%. the prevalence of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative people was 11.3%. analysed by age-group, antigenaemia prevalence was similar in all groups, and the average numbe ... | 2002 | 11925989 |
| genetic variability of the human filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | the genetic variability of the lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti, from three localities (one urban and two rural areas) in southern india, endemic for filariasis was studied using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. the rapd profiles were generated for 21 parasite populations (7 populations from each area), using a 10-mer random primer. the analysis of profiles indicated the existence of considerable genetic variability among parasite populations. the nei's gene diver ... | 2002 | 11904105 |
| man biting activity of filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus. | 2001 | 11898463 | |
| microfilaria in thyroid aspirate. | 2002 | 11892028 | |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in cyst fluid of tumors of the brain: a report of three cases. | microfilariae of various nematodes, including loa loa, dirofilariae, and onchocerca volvulus, have been identified in the central nervous system (cns). the cns, however, is a rare site for the isolation of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. to the best of our knowledge, the presence of microfilariae of w. bancrofti in tumor cyst fluids or cerebrospinal fluid has not been reported to date. we report three cases in which microfilariae were identified in the cyst fluid of tumors of the brain. c ... | 2002 | 11892020 |
| antigenemia at 10 years after diethylcarbamazine treatment of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals: marginal conversion to infection-free state. | a group of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals (n = 44, 29 males, 15 females) living in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of orissa, india, was treated with a standard regimen of diethylcarbamazine (12 days, 6 mg/kg) in 1990. the incidence of microfilaraemia and antigenemia (og4c3) was determined after a gap of 10 years in 2000. nineteen individuals reacquired microfilariae (43.2%, 11 males, eight females), five males developed hydrocele, two females became acute filarial patients and 1 ... | 2002 | 11874566 |
| [recommendations for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis in symptomless and diseased patients]. | the goals of treatment for lymphatic filariasis are: to prevent, reverse, or halt progression of disease; and to interrupt transmission of the parasite. selecting the appropriate therapy for the patient with lymphatic filariasis requires knowledge of the various clinical features of filarial disease and their pathogenesis. in the past, treatment of lymphatic filariasis has focused primarily on antiparasitic chemotherapy; however, for many of the acute and chronic manifestations of lymphatic fila ... | 2002 | 11873261 |
| pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine after single oral dose at two different times of day in human subjects. | in most wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi infections, the microfilaria are found in the blood in greatest number between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m., indicating that chronotherapy may be beneficial in treating such infections. this study reports the influence of time of administration on the pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine (dec) in healthy volunteers. the study was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers by administering a 150 mg single oral dose of diethylcarbamazine citrate at 0600 or 1800 h in ... | 2002 | 11865970 |
| bancroftian filariasis: a 13-year follow-up study of asymptomatic microfilariae carriers and endemic normals in orissa, india. | the natural history of human filarial infections leading to development of disease has been a subject of intense debate. the models proposed so far have largely been based on cross-sectional data on microfilariae (mf) and disease prevalence in filariasis endemic areas. in an attempt to study the parasitological and clinical consequences of filarial infection in beldal (orissa, india), an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis, cohorts of 59 asymptomatic mf carriers (as) and 187 asymptomatic and ... | 2002 | 11862995 |
| the pacelf programme: will mass drug administration be enough? | the pacific programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis is a regional, mass drug administration-based campaign in 22 countries and territories with the aim of eliminating filariasis transmission and alleviating the suffering caused by wuchereria bancrofti. the challenges to filariasis elimination campaigns based on mass drug-administration alone are reviewed in this article. these challenges together with the previous successes of mosquito control campaigns in eliminating filariasis from regions ... | 2002 | 11854087 |
| [mediastinal lymphatic filariasis]. | wuchereria bancrofti gravid adult female worms were detected in a mediastinal lymph node in a 76-year old man. the patient also had lung carcinoma. a blood cell counts did not show any eosinophilia, and three consecutive night blood samples were also negative for microfilariae. filariasis and neoplasm association was purely coincidental. epidemiological and histopathological aspects of adult filariasis are described. | 2001 | 11852362 |
| resurgence in filarial transmission after withdrawal of mass drug administration and the relationship between antigenaemia and microfilaraemia--a longitudinal study. | seven village units endemic for filariasis were assigned randomly into three arms with different intervention strategies in the years 1995 and 1996. villages in group a received two annual mass drug administrations (mdas) of diethylcarbamazine (dec) plus ivermectin (ivr). group b received the same mdas in combination with vector control; in group c only placebo was administered. post-treatment evaluation in 1997 revealed marked reductions in microfilaraemia prevalences (mfp) and geometric mean i ... | 2002 | 11851956 |
| microfilariae in lymph node aspirates. | 2002 | 11843567 | |
| case 43: filariasis. | 2002 | 11818622 | |
| the use of grid sampling methodology for rapid assessment of the distribution of bancroftian filariasis. | the recent world health assembly resolution to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem once more brings to the fore the need for reliable data for the effective planning of disease control programmes. most countries do not have data on the distribution of lymphatic filariasis and are therefore not in the position to initiate control programmes based on sound baseline data. we tested in ghana in 1998-99 a method for the rapid assessment of the geographical distribution of bancro ... | 2001 | 11816445 |
| immunochromatographic test (ict) for estimation of true prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area in southern india. | percentage prevalences of microfilaraemia (ppmf) and antigenaemia (ppcfa) were examined in 1999 in 3505 subjects from 3 villages in india. all microfilaraemics were positive for antigenaemia, and ppcfa was always higher than ppmf. amicrofilaraemia among antigenaemic persons decreased steadily from 92% in the age-group 2-5 years to 40% in the age-group 21-30 years. | 2001 | 11816431 |
| endemic bancroftian filariasis in thailand: detection by og4c3 antigen capture elisa and the polymerase chain reaction. | lymphatic filariasis, mainly caused by wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, has been targeted for elimination by the world health organization by the year 2020. to achieve this goal, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are necessary for close monitoring and evaluation of the control program. we employed an elisa to detect the og4c3 antigen and a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for diagnosis of w. bancrofti infection, among the thai-karen population in tak province, thailand. ... | 2001 | 11800304 |
| a community-based trial for the control of lymphatic filariasis and iodine deficiency using salt fortified with diethylcarbamazine and iodine. | to evaluate the effectiveness of salt fortified with diethylcarbamazine (dec) and iodine for elimination of bancroftian filariasis and iodine deficiency, all consenting residents of miton, haiti (n = 1,932) were given salt fortified with 0.25% diethylcarbamazine and 25 ppm of iodine for one year. wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria prevalence and intensity, antigenemia, and urinary iodine were measured before and one year after salt distribution began. to measure the effect of dec-fortified salt o ... | 2001 | 11791989 |
| a clinico-epidemiological perspective of lymphatic filariasis in satyabadi block of puri district, orissa. | lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in the coastal district of orissa. however, no systematic studies have been done to document the prevalence of microfilaraemia/disease in different regions of the state. therefore, the present cross sectional study was undertaken during 1996-97 to obtain information on the clinical and epidemiological status of the disease in satyabadi block area of puri district, known to be endemic for filariasis. | 2001 | 11785453 |
| laboratory evaluation of ssp i pcr assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti infection in culex quinquefasciatus. | there is a need to delimit the areas of filariasis transmission in view of the filariasis elimination programme launched in india. infection rate in vectors is an important parameter in determining transmission and it is conventionally assessed by dissection and microscopy. a pcr assay based on ssp i repeats of wuchereria bancrofti has shown potential in the detection of infection in vectors. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this assay on w. bancrof ... | 2001 | 11785452 |
| evaluation of a pcr-elisa to detect wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens from an egyptian village with a low prevalence of filariasis. | the programmes for the elimination of bancroftian filariasis that have been implemented in the nile delta of egypt are expected to lead to substantial reductions in filarial loads in the treated populations. better methods than those currently available are needed for monitoring the efficacy of these and similar efforts at intervention. a pcr-elisa was therefore evaluated as an epidemiological tool for the detection of the wuchereria-bancrofti-specific sspi repeat in pools of culex pipiens colle ... | 2001 | 11784438 |
| early-stage elephantiasis in bancroftian filariasis. | 2001 | 11783706 | |
| immunocytochemical localization of antigens recognized by asymptomatic microfilaremic patient's antisera in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrathin sections of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti embedded in hydrophilic resin were incubated with sera from patients, using antisera from asymptomatic microfilaremic patients with different microfilarial densities [1-100 microfilariae (mf)/ml, 101-500 mf/ml, > 1,000 mf/ml]. all groups studied showed reactivity against relevant epitopes in all tissues of microfilariae of w. bancrofti, instead of being localized in a specific nematode region, although the number of colloidal per square ... | 2001 | 11763438 |
| worm burden and host responsiveness in wuchereria bancrofti infection: use of antigen detection to refine earlier assessments from the south pacific. | a population from the wuchereria bancrofti-endemic island of mauke was reevaluated retrospectively by use of the og4c3 circulating antigen (cag) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess active infection in relation to host responses by age and gender. use of microfilaremia (mf) alone misclassified approximately 50% of infected people, although cag and mf levels were positively correlated. levels of cag peaked between those aged 31-60 years; men aged > 60 years had a significantly higher cag p ... | 2001 | 11716104 |
| ultrastructural characterization of intracellular bacteria of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrastructural observations on the structure and distribution of endosymbiotic bacteria within the tissues of wuchereria bancrofti are described. in female worms the organisms were observed in the lateral cords of the hypodermis, oocytes, developing eggs and in intrauterine microfilariae. organisms were also detected in blood microfilariae and in the intestine of third-stage larvae. bacteria were not observed in male worms. | 2001 | 11706674 |
| a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of hydrocoele in an area of tanzania endemic for lymphatic filariasis. | hydrocoele is common in men in wuchereria bancrofti-endemic areas, the treatment for which is currently surgical intervention. two community studies have recently suggested that the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine (dec) may have a beneficial effect of reducing the size of hydrocoeles of filarial origin. to test this hypothesis, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 1998 and 1999 in an area of north-eastern tanzania where microfilaria (mf) carrier rates and hydrocoele p ... | 2001 | 11706668 |
| consequences of hydrocele and the benefits of hydrocelectomy: a qualitative study in lymphatic filariasis endemic communities on the coast of ghana. | a study using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews was conducted to determine the consequences of hydrocele and the benefits of hydrocelectomy on physical activity and social life in three lymphatic filariasis endemic villages where males had recently been offered surgical operations to repair their hydroceles. respondents were of the view that hydrocele, especially large ones, severely reduced the patients' work capacity and impaired sexual function, and that overall it had a conside ... | 2001 | 11700178 |