Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| evidence for a melanin cell wall component in pneumocystis carinii. | fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific for fungal melanin were used in this study to visualize melanin-like components of the pneumocystis carinii cell wall. a colorimetric enzyme assay confirmed these findings. this is the first report of melanin-like pigments in pneumocystitis. | 2003 | 12933884 |
| effect of transcription factor gata-2 on phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages from pneumocystis carinii-infected hosts. | alveolar macrophages from pneumocystis carinii-infected hosts are defective in phagocytosis (w. chen, j. w. mills, and a. g. harmsen, int. j. exp. pathol. 73:709-720, 1992; h. koziel et al., j. clin. investig. 102:1332-1344, 1998). experiments were performed to determine whether this defect is specific for p. carinii organisms. the results showed that these macrophages were unable to phagocytose both p. carinii organisms and fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated latex beads, indicating th ... | 2003 | 12933836 |
| [infection control for the treatment of hematological malignancies: a survey of the kyushu hematology organization for treatment study group (k-hot)]. | the kyushu hematology organization for treatment study group (k-hot) consisted of 22 institutions specializing in hematology in kyushu. this study is aimed at reviewing the daily practice of infection control for the treatment of hematological malignancies in our group. nominal questionnaires were mailed to the hematology department in each institution from november 2001 to april 2002. for the first general surveys, 19 of 22 (86%) institutions responded. the second survey was mailed to the 19 re ... | 2003 | 12931571 |
| analysis of three crystal structure determinations of a 5-methyl-6-n-methylanilino pyridopyrimidine antifolate complex with human dihydrofolate reductase. | structural data are reported for the first example of the potent antifolate inhibitor 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3',4',5'-trimethoxy-n-methylanilino)methyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) in complex with human dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr) and nadph. small differences in crystallization conditions resulted in the growth of two different forms of a binary complex. the structure determination of an additional crystal of a ternary complex of hdhfr with nadph and (1) grown under similar conditions is al ... | 2003 | 12925791 |
| etiology of pulmonary infections in predominantly hiv-infected adults with suspected tuberculosis, botswana. | in countries with high hiv rates, diagnosis of lower respiratory disease etiology is both challenging and clinically important. | 2003 | 12921146 |
| pneumocystis carinii ste11, an hmg-box protein, is phosphorylated by the mitogen activated protein kinase pcm. | a pheromone-induced mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway controls mating in fungi by regulating gene transcription. in the opportunistic fungus pneumocystis carinii, we have identified a protein containing a high-mobility group (hmg) motif which is homologous to the transcriptional activators ste11 of schizosaccharomyces pombe and ste12 of saccharomyces cerevisiae. in fungi, this transcriptional activator functions in sexual development, filamentous growth, and pathogenicity. the fung ... | 2003 | 12909353 |
| legionnaires disease and hiv infection. | to compare the outcome of legionnaires disease (ld) in patients with and without hiv infection. | 2003 | 12907540 |
| t cell costimulatory molecule function determines susceptibility to infection with pneumocystis carinii in mice. | loss of t cell number and function during hiv infection or secondary to pharmacologic immunosuppression renders individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections, including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. because costimulatory receptors are critical for optimal t cell function, we hypothesized that these proteins would regulate susceptibility to opportunistic infections. we found that despite normal t cell numbers, mice deficient in the costimulatory molecules cd2 and cd28 spontaneously develo ... | 2003 | 12902500 |
| induced sputum as a diagnostic tactic in pulmonary diseases. | the induced sputum technique allows sampling of the airways in a non-invasive manner and thus offers a unique opportunity to identify biomarkers of potential clinical utility in respiratory medicine. sputum cells were originally examined in stained smears and the procedure was applied in both research and clinical settings from the 1950s through the 1970s. the cells, recovered from spontaneous coughing, were used to study lung cancer and respiratory infections and, later on, to diagnose pneumocy ... | 2003 | 12901253 |
| elucidation of cytomegalovirus disease recurrence in an hiv-1-positive patient. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is responsible for the most common opportunistic viral infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the colon is a common site for cmv infection in patients positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the clinical diagnosis of cmv infection is based on the characteristic endoscopic appearance of extensive ulceration of the gastric mucosa. | 2003 | 12898356 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv negative patients with primary brain tumors. | pneumnocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an opportunistic infection with rather adverse outcomes. an unexpected increase in cases of pcp was noted in the brain tumor population at the johns hopkins hospital (jhh) in 2000. this prompted the present review of the clinical features and risk factors for pcp in the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) negative brain tumor population. | 2003 | 12892232 |
| sulfa resistance and dihydropteroate synthase mutants in recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | failure of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis is associated with mutations in pneumocystis carinii gene coding for dihydropteroate synthase (dhps). the dhps genotype was analyzed in aids patients who had two separate episodes of p. carinii pneumonia. the results suggest that dhps mutations can be selected de novo within patients by the pressure of a sulfa or sulfone drug. | 2003 | 12890330 |
| pneumocystis carinii bck1 functions in a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade regulating fungal cell-wall assembly. | pneumocystis pneumonia remains the most common aids-defining opportunistic infection in people with hiv. the process by which pneumocystis carinii constructs its cell wall is not well known, although recent studies reveal that molecules such as beta-1-3-glucan synthetase (gsc1) and environmental ph-responsive genes such as phr1 are important for cell-wall integrity. in closely related fungi, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade regulates cell-wall assembly in response to el ... | 2003 | 12885408 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in the haart era. | since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), the incidence of opportunistic infections (oi) in patients with hiv has markedly decreased. despite this, there are still large numbers of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) cases at cook county hospital (cch). to better understand this patient group, we performed a retrospective chart review of 120 pathologically proven cases of pcp from january 1998 to june 2001. one hundred four patients were included in the study. sixty-nine ... | 2003 | 12880489 |
| clearance of pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on b cells but not on p carinii-specific antibody. | both cd4(+) t cells and b cells are critical for defense against pneumocystis carinii infection; however, the mechanism by which b cells mediate protection is unknown. we show that p. carinii-specific igm is not sufficient to mediate clearance of p. carinii from the lungs since cd40-deficient mice produced normal levels of specific igm, but were unable to clear the organisms. using chimeric mice in which the b cells were deficient in cd40 (cd40ko chimeras) we found that clearance of p. carinii i ... | 2003 | 12874234 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in patients with severe falciparum malaria in urban india. | cd4+ t cells restrict parasitaemia during the first attack of falciparum malaria; humoral immunity, develops weeks later and protects against reinfection. hiv infection may affect severity of falciparum malaria and development of protective immunity. | 2003 | 12867684 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2003 | 12867113 | |
| [associated infections in acute bronchopulmonary infections in children]. | a total of 189 children with bacterial complications of the acute respiratory viral infection (arvi)--primarily with pneumonia and bronchitis--were dynamically examined for typical and atypical pneumotropic causative agents of the infection process (mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, pneumocystis carini, and citomegalovirus). a high frequency rate of the associative infection involving mycoplasmas and pneumocysts was registered (45-50%); it w ... | 2003 | 12861708 |
| dramatic improvement in survival among adult brazilian aids patients. | since the last study of survival time among brazilian aids patients, care has improved steadily, culminating in a controversial policy of universal free access to triple antiretroviral treatment since 1996. this large, national study examined how these changes have impacted survival. | 2003 | 12853750 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies: a descriptive study. | objectives. a retrospective multicentric study was conducted over a five-year period to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome of patients with proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicating hematologic malignancies.results. the study included 60 hiv-negative patients with 18 non-hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (30%), 13 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (21.7%), 10 acute leukemia (16.6%), 5 multiple myeloma (8.3%), 4 waldenström's diseases (6.6%), 4 chronic myeloid ... | 2003 | 12850158 |
| lower respiratory tract infections in patients during hospital stay after heart transplantation. | a retrospective analysis was performed on the records of 95 pts who underwent heart transplantation at dept. of cardiac surgery & transplantation in 1999 and 2000 y. in 34 pts lower respiratory tract infections were observed. in all cases bacterial factor was detected in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. in study population we analysed influence of such factors as age of the patients, the intensity and duration of immunosuppression, pre-existing diseases and timing after transplantation on the i ... | 2003 | 12848381 |
| bronchoscopy in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | the spectrum of pulmonary manifestations in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is broad, including many infectious and noninfectious complications. in the evaluation of an hiv-infected patient with diffuse pulmonary disease a definitive diagnosis is preferred over empiric therapy in most patients. patients with focal consolidation usually receive empiric treatment for community-acquired pneumonia, with nonresponders undergoing additional diagnostic testing. bronchoscopy re ... | 2003 | 12840788 |
| assessment of immune reconstitution to pneumocystis carinii in hiv-1 patients under different highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens. | the introduction of protease inhibitors (pis) gave a dramatic drop in aids-related opportunistic events, mainly due to induced immune reconstitution. discontinuation of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii is considered safe when cd4 > 200 cells/mm(3). ideally, we should have specific functional tests for hiv-1-related decisions. we examined viro-immunological profiles, clinical outcome and lymphocyte proliferation (lp) to p. carinii and other antigens in 108 subjects: 28 aids presenters wit ... | 2003 | 12837736 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of hiv infection/aids in korea. | hiv infection/aids shows characteristic epidemiological and clinical patterns according to the region, country, and race. the epidemiological and clinical patterns of hiv infection/ aids in korea was investigated by retrospectively analyzing the medical records of 176 hiv-infected persons who visited two major referral hospitals of aids in korea from 1985 to april 2000. the most common transmission route was heterosexual contact (52.3%), followed by homosexual contact (23.9%). among the opportun ... | 2003 | 12833572 |
| pneumonia in a paso-fino mare. | a 5-year-old paso-fino mare was presented for severe respiratory distress. the mare had foaled 2 months prior to presentation. the horse was in poor body condition with a dull hair coat. a mild fever was noted during physical examination and increased bronchovesicular sounds were auscultated. thoracic radiographs showed an interstitial pattern and an alveolar infiltrate with distinct air bronchograms. moderate purulent inflammation with increased mucus was observed in tracheal wash fluid, but no ... | 2003 | 12833221 |
| synthesis and dhfr inhibitory activity of a series of 6-substituted-2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines. | a series of 6-aralkyl substituted 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines in which the 6-aryl group is separated from the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring by two to five methylene groups were synthesized and studied as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium avium, and rat liver. compounds in which the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring is separated from the 6-aryl substituent by three methylene groups were the most potent inhibitors of the series (wit ... | 2003 | 12832132 |
| aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis against aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and its short- and long-term effects on pulmonary function in the japanese. | we evaluated the incidence of prophylaxis failure with aerosolized pentamidine (ap) for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in japanese patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and we examined the short- and long-term effects of ap on pulmonary function. the patients inhaled 300 mg of pentamidine by ultrasonic nebulizer, after the inhalation of procaterol (80 micrograms), every 4 weeks. pcp developed in 2 of 16 patients receiving primary prophylaxis with ap, and in 4 of 13 pa ... | 2003 | 12825119 |
| characterization of transmission of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris through immunocompetent balb/c mice. | by using mouse models, it has been shown that pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris can be transmitted to immunocompetent mice that are exposed to immunosuppressed mice with active p. carinii pneumonia. we sought to determine whether p. carinii f. sp. muris could be transmitted between normal mice. the rationale for these experiments was to demonstrate whether the normal host could serve as the reservoir of organisms that produce pcp when the organism is acquired by the immunosuppressed host. under ... | 2003 | 12819069 |
| spectrum of opportunistic infections in hospitalized hiv-infected patients in phnom penh, cambodia. | the aim of the study was to provide more comprehensive data on the clinical characteristics of hospitalized aids patients in cambodia. chart review of 381 hiv-infected patients admitted to a public hospital in phnom penh, cambodia between december 1999 and may 2000 was performed. the in-hospital mortality rate was 43.6%. approximately 50% of patients had two or more concurrent illnesses. very advanced hiv disease was common, with cd4 cell counts below 10 cells/mm(3) in 43.2%. only 28.3% of the p ... | 2003 | 12816670 |
| [pneumothorax]. | spontaneous idiopathic pneumothorax occurs frequently in young tall subjects with smoking habits, and is usually of good prognosis. secondary pneumothorax is a life-threatening complication of an underlying lung disease, such as acute pneumonia. pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. short-term therapeutic options oppose non-traumatic needle aspiration, with a success rate of more than 50%, versus thoracic drainage, with a recurrence rate exceeding 35%. the ex ... | 2003 | 12816034 |
| clinical and experimental studies on inflammatory mediators during aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | this thesis is based on studies carried out during my appointment as a research fellow at the department of infectious diseases, hvidovre hospital, university of copenhagen, denmark from 1993 to 1997. part of this period was spent as a guest researcher at the critical care medicine department, national institutes of health, bethesda, maryland, usa. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequent aids defining illness over the past 20 years. pcp is associated with considerable morbidity ... | 2003 | 12812139 |
| mortality among hiv-infected paediatric patients in barbados. | since the onset of the hiv epidemic, aids has become the leading cause of mortality in the paediatric age group in many developing countries. the main objective of this study was to review the mortality in hiv-infected paediatric patients in barbados. it is a retrospective analysis of the hospitalization course of hiv-infected paediatric patients aged < 16 years who died during a 15-year period of surveillance. using a specific database, information pertaining to number and duration of hospitali ... | 2003 | 12806749 |
| cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in children with hiv infection. | the prevention and early treatment of infections are the mainstay of the medical management of the majority of children with hiv infection, who live in low income countries without access to antiretroviral drugs. cotrimoxazole is cheap and effective against a wide range of organisms, including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) which is an important cause of death and illness in the first year of life. it is safe with relatively few side-effects. diagnosis of hiv in children is complicated by ... | 2003 | 12804472 |
| healthcare access and utilization by patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: does gender matter? | to examine access to and utilization of primary healthcare services with respect to gender. greater family and child-rearing responsibilities are possible barriers to healthcare access and utilization for women with hiv infection. | 2003 | 12804346 |
| octreotide-sensitive ectopic acth production by islet cell carcinoma with multiple liver metastases. | we report a 21-year-old woman with ectopic acth syndrome due to islet cell carcinoma with multiple liver metastases. on admission, she showed cushingoid appearance (moon face, central obesity etc.) and had acute respiratory distress syndrome due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. laboratory examination revealed marked elevations of plasma acth (735 pg/ml) and cortisol (145 microg/dl) with a profound hypokalemia (2.0 meq/l). she was found to have multiple masses in the liver and a solid mass in t ... | 2003 | 12803233 |
| characterization of thioredoxin reductase genes (trr1) from pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis jiroveci. | we have characterized the thioredoxin reductase (trr1) genes from pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis jiroveci, and have demonstrated that multiple copies of an approximately 500 base pair fragment of the trr1 gene are present in p. carinii, but not in p. jiroveci. thioredoxin reductases encoded by the full-length genes have predicted molecular weights of approximately 35,000 and show high homology to yeast trr1. an nadph-binding domain with a putative redox active site cavc as well as an flav ... | 2003 | 12801645 |
| the etiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children admitted to intensive care in a developing country. | in developing countries, many human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children require intensive care unit (icu) resources for pneumonia, but there is little information on the etiology of pneumonia or the impact of icu intervention. objective: to compare the etiology and outcome of pneumonia in hiv-positive and seronegative children admitted to icu. design: prospective study. setting: two pediatric icus linked to the university of cape town, south africa. patients: consecutive children admi ... | 2001 | 12797868 |
| the pulmonary effects of long-term exposure to aerosol pentamidine: a 5-year surveillance study in hiv-infected patients. | to assess the effects of long-term exposure to aerosolized pentamidine (ap) for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the pulmonary function. | 2003 | 12796178 |
| impact of tuberculosis on hiv disease progression in persons with well-documented time of hiv seroconversion. | tuberculosis (tb) enhances hiv replication in vitro, but its impact on hiv progression at the population level is not established. studies from industrialized and nonindustrialized countries show contradictory results as to whether tb accelerates hiv progression, although no studies have been conducted in persons with well-documented seroconversion times. data from hiv seroconverters from 19 cohorts were analyzed to examine the effect of tb on hiv progression comparing persons with tb and person ... | 2003 | 12794552 |
| airway anastomotic dehiscence associated with use of sirolimus immediately after lung transplantation. | the goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of sirolimus in lung-transplant recipients. | 2003 | 12792493 |
| reduction in perinatal transmission and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus after intervention with zidovudine in barbados. | to evaluate the impact of zidovudine (zdv) intervention on vertical transmission and hiv-related mortality in two groups of pregnant mothers and their respective infants. | 2003 | 12792382 |
| adenoviral bronchopneumonia in an immunocompetent adult: computed tomography and pathologic correlations. | acute febrile lung disease associated with "patchy ground-glass pattern" on high-resolution computed tomography (hrct) of the lung in an immunocompromised patient is suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; however, in an immunocompetent young person, it is suggestive of an atypical pneumonia, including viral bronchopneumonia. we studied a 31-year-old man who presented with fever, cough and hypoxemia. hrct showed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacification. hiv test was negative and lung bi ... | 2003 | 12792248 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii and characterization of mutations associated with sulfa resistance in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. | one hundred ninety-four bronchoalveolar specimens were evaluated by microscopic examination and by amplification of a sequence of a pneumocystis carinii dihidropteroate synthase gene for identification of mutations linked to sulfa resistance. pcr sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 86.7%, respectively, compared to results of microscopic examination. however, 7 out of 19 microscopy-negative, pcr-positive samples were collected from subjects with a clinically high probability of p. carinii pn ... | 2003 | 12791912 |
| molecular basis for atovaquone binding to the cytochrome bc1 complex. | atovaquone is a substituted 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone that is used therapeutically to treat plasmodium falciparum malaria, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis. it is thought to act on these organisms by inhibiting the cytochrome bc1 complex. we have examined the interaction of atovaquone with the bc1 complex isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae, a surrogate, nonpathogenic fungus. atovaquone inhibits the bc1 complex competitively with apparent ki = 9 nm, raises the ... | 2003 | 12791689 |
| systemic nocardiosis following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | five cases of systemic nocardia infection were diagnosed among 301 allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. a sixth case included in this report received her transplant at another institution. the cumulative annual incidence rate of this infection was 1.75%. all patients had been treated previously for acute graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). at the time of diagnosis of systemic nocardia infection, a median of 198 (range 148-1121) days after transplantation, all patients had extensive chroni ... | 2003 | 12791070 |
| human immunodeficiency virus in the parturient. | over the last 20 years, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has grown from a small case series of pneumocystis carinii infection in four homosexual men to one of the major health problems facing the world today. in the next 5 years, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is expected to kill more than 2.2 million people. in the united states, women of childbearing age constitute a large percentage of new cases of aids. because of the increased prevalence of hiv in pregnant women, ... | 2003 | 12770662 |
| caspofungin. | caspofungin, the first inhibitor of fungal beta-1,3 glucan synthesis to receive approval by the united states food and drug administration, is effective for the treatment of mucosal and invasive candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis. it is also active in vitro and in animal models against a number of other filamentous and dimorphic endemic fungi and in animal models of pneumocystis carinii infection. in vitro studies and some animal studies almost always indicate an absence of antagonism when c ... | 2003 | 12766841 |
| genetic influence of cxcr6 chemokine receptor alleles on pcp-mediated aids progression among african americans. | cxcr6 is a chemokine receptor and the primary coreceptor in siv infection. a single nucleotide polymorphism 1469g-->a, results in a nonconservative change in codon 3 (cxcr6-e3k) of the n-terminus of the coreceptor. to investigate the relation between the chemokine receptor cxcr6 genotype and progression to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and from pcp to death, we clinically assessed and genotyped 805 individuals from an african-american injection drug-using cohort in baltimore, md, usa, for ... | 2003 | 12761559 |
| anidulafungin: ecb, ly 303366, v-echinocandin, vec, ver 002, ver-02. | vicuron pharmaceuticals (formerly versicor inc.) is developing anidulafungin [ly 303366, ecb, v-echinocandin, vec, ver-02, ver 002], a lipopeptide echinocandin b derivative, for iv treatment of mycoses. anidulafungin acts against fungal infection by inhibiting beta-1,3-glucan synthase, an enzyme essential for cell wall formation. anidulafungin was originally developed for oral use by eli lilly and was undergoing phase ii clinical trials in the uk and the us for the treatment of candida, aspergil ... | 2003 | 12757403 |
| the spectrum of hiv-related disease in rural central thailand. | to determine the spectrum of hiv-related illnesses presenting to a rural primary and secondary healthcare facility in central thailand, a cross-sectional study was conducted. routinely collected data were extracted from outpatient medical notes for all adult hiv-infected new attenders of the manorom christian hospital infectious disease clinic. data concerning inpatient admissions of hiv-infected individuals were collected from ward admission books and discharge summaries. complete data were ava ... | 2002 | 12757233 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of bendamustine monotherapy in a patient with advanced progressive breast cancer. | bendamustine is an alkylator with anticipated antimetabolic activity. it has shown activity in malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer. recognized side-effects are relatively mild with myelosuppression as the dose-limiting toxicity. the cd4/cd8 ratio may be reduced. to what extent the alteration of lymphocytes, especially cd4(+) lymphocytes, correlates with an increase in opportunistic infections cannot be definitively answered. | 2003 | 12756557 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv/aids patients at an urban district hospital in kenya. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has generally been regarded to be an uncommon opportunistic infection in hiv infected individuals in sub-saharan africa. the reason for this has not been clear but postulates included a lack of suitable pathogenic types in the african environment, diagnostic difficulties and the more commonly held belief that african hiv infected individuals were dying early from common non-opportunistic pathogens before severe degrees of immunosuppression occured. recently a trend ... | 2003 | 12755239 |
| activation of the respiratory burst by pneumocystis carinii. efficiency of different antibody isotypes, complement, lung surfactant protein d, and mannan-binding lectin. | the effect of opsonization of pneumocystis carinii with different antibody classes, complement, mannan-binding lectin (mbl), and lung surfactant protein d (sp-d) on respiratory burst activation was studied. antibodies were obtained by affinity chromatography, complement from a hypogammaglobulinaemic patient, and phagocytic cells from blood donors. respiratory burst activation was measured by chemiluminescence (cl). with freshly isolated neutrophils the combination of antibodies and complement bu ... | 2003 | 12752220 |
| pneumocystis carinii: an update. | pneumocystis produces respiratory infection in immunocompromised individuals of several species of mammals, including humans. each mammalian species has its own specific pneumocystis species, which does not cross-infect other mammals. the species infecting humans has now been renamed p. jerovici, since p. carinii is reserved for one of two species infecting rats. long believed to be a protozoan, pneumocystis is now classified as an archiascomycetous fungus. this is based on new molecular taxonom ... | 2003 | 12746203 |
| impact of tobacco use on the development of opportunistic respiratory infections in hiv seropositive patients on antiretroviral therapy. | the increased risk of developing lung diseases in cigarette smokers has been well recognized. the association between smoking and the risk of developing pulmonary infections in hiv-1-infected patients, however, which has not been established, was evaluated in the present study. twenty-seven cases with lower respiratory infections (15 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), 12 tb cases) were compared with 27 age, gender, socio-economic and hiv status-matched patients, without history of respiratory ... | 2003 | 12745414 |
| combination of fludarabine and mitoxantrone in untreated stages iii and iv low-grade lymphoma: s9501. | to determine the efficacy of combination fludarabine and mitoxantrone (fn) in untreated stages iii and iv low-grade lymphoma. the major end point was to estimate progression-free survival (pfs) in all eligible patients. | 2003 | 12743154 |
| ambivalence of cd4 lymphocytopenia in sarcoidosis. | 2003 | 12737284 | |
| [atypical radiologic pattern in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 2003 | 12732122 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 2003 | 12722283 | |
| the association of serum lactate dehydrogenase level with selected opportunistic infections and hiv progression. | the purpose of this study was to determine the association of serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels with certain opportunistic infection and to determine an association between ldh levels and cd4+ lymphocyte counts. | 2002 | 12718831 |
| pneumocystis carinii cell wall beta-glucans initiate macrophage inflammatory responses through nf-kappab activation. | beta-glucans are major structural components of fungi. we have recently reported that the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii assembles a beta-glucan-rich cell wall that potently activates alveolar macrophages to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. purified p. carinii beta-glucans predictably induce both cytokine generation and associated neutrophilic lung inflammation. herein, we demonstrate that p. carinii beta-glucan-induced macrophage stimulation results from activation of ... | 2003 | 12716885 |
| [health services utilization according to gender in a cohort of intravenous drug users infected with hiv]. | gender differences among hiv infected persons have been described in the utilization of health-care services and in their access to anti-retroviral and prophylactic treatments. the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the health service utilization according to gender in a cohort of intravenous drug users (ivdu) with hiv infection. | 2003 | 12716541 |
| incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated opportunistic diseases and the effect of treatment on a cohort of 1115 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, 1989-1997. | temporal trends in the incidence of opportunistic diseases (ods) related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were studied during 1989-1997 in 1115 outpatients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (331 of whom had aids) in a hospital in madrid, spain. we analyzed the effect of adherence to antiretroviral therapy and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis on the incidence of od. diseases that showed a significant decreasing trend were esophageal candidiasis, pulmonary and ... | 2003 | 12715314 |
| nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of pneumonia. | molecular diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr), are promising tools for the rapid etiological diagnosis of pneumonia. pcr offers potential advantages over conventional tests for the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella species, and chlamydia pneumoniae. for pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, pcr adds little to existing diagnostic tests and is unable to distinguish pneumococcal colonization from infection when testing respiratory samples. although pcr is probabl ... | 2003 | 12715312 |
| [the hyper-igm syndrome: 13 observations]. | the hyper-igm syndrome (higm) is a rare hereditary immune deficiency, characterised by a low or nil level of igg and iga and a normal or increased level of igm, predominately affecting boys. its clinical manifestations are dominated by recurrent infection, notably of the digestive tube, the ears nose and throat and the lungs. | 2003 | 12714921 |
| predictors of early hospital readmission in hiv-infected patients with pneumonia. | although hospitalization patterns have been studied, little is known about hospital readmission among hiv-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. we explored the risk factors for early readmission to a tertiary care inner-city hospital among hiv-infected patients with pneumonia in vancouver, canada. | 2003 | 12709090 |
| mapping by sequencing the pneumocystis genome using the ordering dna sequences v3 tool. | a bioinformatics tool called ods3 has been created for mapping by sequencing. the tool allows the creation of integrated genomic maps from genetic, physical mapping, and sequencing data and permits an integrated genome map to be stored, retrieved, viewed, and queried in a stand-alone capacity, in a client/server relationship with the fungal genome database (fgdb), and as a web-browsing tool for the fgdb. in that ods3 is programmed in java, the tool promotes platform independence and supports exp ... | 2003 | 12702676 |
| x-linked agammaglobulinaemia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--an unusual coincidence? | 2003 | 12700897 | |
| s-adenosylmethionine concentrations in diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is unable to synthesise s-adenosylmethionine and thus scavenges this intermediate. we aimed to test whether measurement of concentrations of this metabolic intermediate in plasma could provide a new method for rapid diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we measured s-adenosylmethionine plasma concentrations in 12 healthy controls, 16 patients with confirmed or suspected pcp, and 36 patients with other infections. median concentration in healthy controls was 106 ... | 2003 | 12699956 |
| s-adenosylmethionine in plasma to test for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2003 | 12699946 | |
| further studies on 2,4-diamino-5-(2',5'-disubstituted benzyl)pyrimidines as potent and selective inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases from three major opportunistic pathogens of aids. | as part of an ongoing effort to discover novel small-molecule antifolates combining the enzyme-binding species selectivity of trimethoprim (tmp) with the potency of piritrexim (ptx), 10 previously unreported 2,4-diamino-5-(2'-methoxy-5'-substituted)benzylpyrimidines (2-11) containing a carboxyl group at the distal end of the 5'-substituent were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg), and mycobacterium avium (m ... | 2003 | 12699390 |
| prospective cohort study showing changes in the monthly incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains a serious opportunistic infection in hiv infected individuals. seasonal changes in climate are associated with changes within individual susceptibility to infection. the possibility of monthly variability in the incidence of pcp was therefore examined by means of a cohort study of a database of 8640 hiv infected individuals attending the chelsea and westminster hospital. there were 792 cases of pcp diagnosed since 1985. a marked decline was observed i ... | 2003 | 12697918 |
| accuracy of high-resolution ct in distinguishing between pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and non- pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | the aim of this study was to assess the value of high-resolution ct in distinguishing between pneumocystis carinii and non- pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients hiv-positive and high risk to have pcp. we performed a prospective study in 30 patients with <200 cd4 lymphocytes, clinical symptoms of pulmonary disease and chest x-ray non-conclusive for pulmonary infection. evaluated ct findings included ground-glass opacities, reticulation, tree-in-bud appearance, consolidation, cystic le ... | 2003 | 12695843 |
| lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in hiv infected adults. | to describe current knowledge on the aetiology, pathology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in hiv infected adults. | 2003 | 12690125 |
| results of first salvage therapy for patients refractory to a fludarabine regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | resistance to purine analogs is emerging as a major problem in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). most of these patients have already been exposed to and have become refractory to alkylating agents. to define the natural history of fludarabine (fludara) refractory patients with cll, we reviewed the response to first salvage therapy of 147 patients who were refractory to fludara or had a remission less than six months in duration after a fludara-containing regimen ... | 2002 | 12685828 |
| changes in mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: comparative analysis of inpatient deaths in 1995 and in 1999-2000. | we conducted a retrospective chart review of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who died in 1995 and in 1999-2000. we found an increase in the proportion of patients who died from an illness that was not related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). although there was a decrease in the prevalence of aids-defining illnesses, >85% of patients died with cd4 counts of <200 cells/microl. the leading cause of death was pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). nonadherence to the ... | 2003 | 12684916 |
| hiv-related pulmonary infections: a review of the recent literature. | antimicrobial prophylaxis and highly active antiretroviral therapy have changed the epidemiology and impact of pulmonary infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, pulmonary infection remains a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of such patients. bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis remain common lung infections in this setting, especially where appropriate prophylaxis is unavailable or when compliance with such therapy is poor. pneum ... | 2003 | 12682566 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in hiv negative patients with primary cns lymphoma. | primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl) is an uncommon malignant brain tumor, which is increasing in incidence in immunocompetent individuals. in the recent past, the survival at 5 years was less than 5% when this cancer was treated with radiation therapy and standard chemotherapy. current high dose methotrexate-based regimens have resulted in median survival of 3-4 years and the 5-year survival approaches 40%. however, these potentially curable patients appear to be at significant risk ... | 2003 | 12670453 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after the discontinuation of long-term antiretroviral therapy in an hiv-1-infected pregnant woman. | 2003 | 12660551 | |
| hyper-igm syndrome complicated with interstitial pneumonia and peritonitis. | hyper-igm syndrome (him) is a rare disorder resulting from mutation in the cd40 ligand (cd40l) gene. this defect is associated with normal or elevated serum level of igm and with low to undetectable levels of serum igg, iga, ige. this case of him with cd40l deficiency was proven by flow cytometry but initially presented as interstitial pneumonia. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was highly suggested. after intravenous immunoglobulin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment, his lung condition i ... | 2003 | 12656310 |
| molecular recognition properties of igs-mediated reactions catalyzed by a pneumocystis carinii group i intron. | we report the development, analysis and use of a new combinatorial approach to analyze the substrate sequence dependence of the suicide inhibition, cyclization, and reverse cyclization reactions catalyzed by a group i intron from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii. we demonstrate that the sequence specificity of these internal guide sequence (igs)-mediated reactions is not high. in addition, the sequence specificity of suicide inhibition decreases with increasing mgcl(2) concentrati ... | 2003 | 12655009 |
| exposure of immunocompetent adult mice to pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris by cohousing: growth of p. carinii f. sp. muris and host immune response. | there has been emerging evidence that immunocompetent hosts can harbor pneumocystis in their lungs. the purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris infection in adult immunocompetent mice and the host immune response to the organisms. to accomplish this, we exposed adult immunocompetent mice to scid mice infected with p. carinii f. sp. muris by cohousing. we found that p. carinii f. sp. muris was detectable in the lungs of cohoused immunocompetent mic ... | 2003 | 12654827 |
| surfactant protein d-mediated aggregation of pneumocystis carinii impairs phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. | pneumocystis carinii remains an important and potentially fatal cause of opportunistic pneumonia. animal studies reveal that substantial quantities of surfactant protein d (sp-d) accumulate in the airspaces during p. carinii pneumonia and are particularly abundant in aggregates of organisms. due to the multimeric structure of sp-d, we hypothesized that sp-d mediates aggregation of the organism. from previous clinical studies it is known that aggregated organisms are conspicuous in sections of lu ... | 2003 | 12654779 |
| concurrent hiv infection and neuroblastoma. | an infant is reported who presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, secondary to hiv infection, diagnosed at 3 months of age, and who had concurrent paravertebral neuroblastoma. although neuroblastoma cell lines support the growth of hiv in vitro, this is the first report of a clinical association between hiv infection and neuroblastoma. although we do not think the conditions are causally linked, we report the case to raise awareness of a possible association between hiv and neuroblastoma. ... | 2003 | 12654152 |
| the role of inflammation in respiratory impairment during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii remains an important cause of pneumonia in immunosuppressed hosts. severe pneumocystis pneumonia is characterized by an intense neutrophilic inflammatory response resulting in gas exchange abnormalities, diffuse alveolar damage, and respiratory failure. the inflammatory response directed against p. carinii involves a complex series of interactions between alveolar macrophages, cd4+ t lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, and their various products. cd4+ t lymphocytes are cru ... | 2003 | 12652453 |
| low incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients after interruption of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. | we compared the incidence of bacterial pneumonia among 336 patients who discontinued trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) with that among 75 patients who fulfilled the criteria for discontinuation but continued receiving prophylaxis. the difference in the overall incidence rates for the 2 groups (1.2 events per 100 person-years) was not statistically significant. discontinuation of tmp-smx prophylaxis against pcp is not associated wi ... | 2003 | 12652393 |
| persistent non-gastrointestinal metabolic acidosis in pediatric hiv-1 infection. | to determine the incidence and to identify the clinical parameters associated with non-gastrointestinal renal tubular and high anion gap acidosis in a cohort of hiv-1-infected children. | 2003 | 12646789 |
| treatment of toxoplasma brain abscess with clindamycin and sulfadiazine in an aids patient with concurrent atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in patients with aids. the standard treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis is pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. there have been few reports of concurrent toxoplasma brain abscess and cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in taiwan. we report the case of a 26-year-old homosexual man with coexisting infection with toxoplasma gondii and p. carinii who was successfully treated for brain abscess with clindamy ... | 2002 | 12645193 |
| [a htlv-i carrier initially treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dyspnea on effort chest radiography and ct revealed bilateral interstitial infiltration. transbronchial lung biopsy specimens revealed organisms of pneumocystis carinii. sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim improved the patient's radiograph and ct, and although a positive reaction was obtained for anti-htlv-i antibody, the hematological findings and clinical symptoms did not suggest that she had an atl. since discharge, she has been re ... | 2002 | 12642915 |
| [a case in which progressive emphysematous changes were seen on chest computed tomography associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids]. | a 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of progressive dyspnea. on admission, he had marked hypoxemia, and his chest radiography and computed tomography (ct) showed ground glass opacities and multiple emphysematous changes in both lung fields. on examining the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed. a serological test for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, 2 was positive, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids ... | 2002 | 12642913 |
| correlation of organism burden and alveolar macrophage counts during infection with pneumocystis carinii and recovery. | changes in the number of alveolar macrophages were correlated with organism burden during pneumocystis carinii infection. the lungs of healthy, dexamethasone-treated, and dexamethasone-treated and p. carinii-infected rats were lavaged with phosphate-buffered saline. counting of alveolar macrophages in the lavage fluids revealed that p. carinii infection caused a 58% decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages and that higher p. carinii organism burdens caused a more rapid decrease in alveolar ... | 2003 | 12626457 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection of the middle ear and external auditory canal. report of a case and review of the literature. | we present a 50-year-old male with pneumocystis carinii infection involving the middle ear and the external auditory canal as the first manifestation of a previously unknown hiv infection. in case of therapy-resistant otitis with a polypoid mass in the external auditory canal histological evaluation should be considered to rule out malignancy or pathogens, like pneumocystis carinii, that cannot be cultured. oral or intravenous antiprotozoal agents are the treatment in line with current practice. ... | 2003 | 12624507 |
| genotypes at the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear rrna operon of pneumocystis jiroveci in nonimmunosuppressed infants without severe pneumonia. | the frequency of pneumocystis jiroveci (human-derived pneumocystis) in immunocompetent infants developing acute respiratory syndromes has recently been evaluated and has been shown to be close to 25%. until now, there have been no data on the genomic characteristics of the fungus in these patients, while molecular typing of p. jiroveci organisms was mostly performed with samples from immunosuppressed patients with pneumocystosis (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [pcp]). the present report describe ... | 2003 | 12624048 |
| qsar and molecular modelling studies on b-dna recognition of minor groove binders. | aromatic bisamidines have been proved to be efficient compounds against leishmania spp. and pneumocystis carinii. although the mode of action is still not known, these molecules are supposed to be dna minor groove binders (mgbs). this paper describes a molecular modelling study for a set of mgbs in order to rank them through their complementarity to the dickerson drew dodecamer (ddd) according to their interaction energies with b-dna. a comparative molecular field analysis (comfa) has shown the ... | 2003 | 12620659 |
| evidence for multiple sterol methyl transferase pathways in pneumocystis carinii. | the sterol composition of pneumocystis carinii, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, was determined. our purpose was to identify pathway-specific enzymes to impair using sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. prior to this study, cholesterol 15 (ca. 80% of total sterols), lanosterol 1, and several phytosterols common to plants (sitosterol 31, 24alpha-ethyl and campesterol, 24alpha-methyl 30) were demonstrated in the fungus. in this investig ... | 2002 | 12617472 |
| subcellular localization of oxidosqualene cyclases from arabidopsis thaliana, trypanosoma cruzi, and pneumocystis carinii expressed in yeast. | cycloartenol synthase from arabidopsis thaliana and lanosterol synthase from trypanosoma cruzi and pneumocystis carinii were expressed in yeast, and their subcellular distribution in the expressing cells was compared. determination of enzymatic (oxidosqualene cyclase, osc) activity and sds-page analysis of subcellular fractions proved that enzymes from t. cruzi and a. thaliana have high affinity for lipid particles, a subcellular compartment rich in triacylglycerols, and steryl esters, harboring ... | 2002 | 12617471 |
| caspofungin: the first representative of a new antifungal class. | caspofungin (mk-0991; l-743,872) belongs to the echinocandin family, a new class of antifungal agents that act on the fungal cell wall by inhibiting glucan synthesis. data in vitro, and experimental studies, have demonstrated that caspofungin has antifungal activity against yeasts of the genus candida (including isolates resistant to azoles and amphotericin b), several species of filamentous fungi, including aspergillus, and certain dimorphic fungi, such as histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidioi ... | 2003 | 12615851 |
| [identification of infectious agents in the lungs in autopsies of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | lung diseases are frequently observed in individuals infected with hiv. the aim of this study was to identify infectious agents in the lungs in the autopsied individuals with aids performed between march 1990 and july 2000 at the school of medicine (uberaba- brazil), using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. analysis was made on lungs obtained from 40 individuals with aids. infectious agents were observed in 34 (85%) cases of the 40 analyzed. regarding fungis, pneumocystis carinii ... | 2003 | 12612747 |
| induced sputum for diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv patients: new data, new issues. | the complexity of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has motivated the search for noninvasive methodology to retrieve specimens for detecting the presence of various pulmonary diseases. induced sputum (is) has been shown to be a reliable tool in terms of sensitivity and specificity comparable to bal. investigators from institutions worldwide have published several reports providing evidence in support of one or the other or a combination of both approaches. among them are studies demonstrating the sen ... | 2003 | 12611375 |
| [aids in tunisian women. study of 92 cases]. | the authors report a retrospective study about 92 cases of hiv-1 infections among adult tunisian women hospitalised or consulting in the department of infectious diseases at rabta hospital over a period of 15 years and 6 months. the middle age is 33.2 years. 64.1% of patients are married, and the conjoint is hiv-1 positive in 84.1% of cases. the route of transmission is sexual in 75%, parenteral in 22.8% and unknown in 2.2%. according to cd4 level and clinical symptoms, patients are at aids stag ... | 2002 | 12611350 |