Publications

gastroenteritis etiology in a university hospital during 1983.	this paper reports the results of a microbiological study of the patients seen with diarrhea at the hospital de la santa creu i sant pau (barcelona) through 1983. two thousand seven hundred sixty three specimens were studied in search of an enteropathogenic bacteria, 1341 were submitted to parasitologic study and 684 to rotavirus search. two hundred fifty one salmonella spp., 233 c. jejuni, 152 shigella spp., 47 yersinia spp., 96 g. intestinalis and 181 positive rotavirus specimens were detected ...	1986	3770153
novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose agar: new medium for isolation of salmonellae.	a new medium, called novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose (nbg) agar, was developed for the isolation of salmonella spp. and evaluated against other conventionally used media including bismuth sulfite, xylose-lysine decarboxylase, brilliant green-sulfa, hektoen enteric, and salmonella-shigella agars. nbg had recovery rates comparable to the other enteric media tested with pure cultures as well as with naturally contaminated amphibian and reptile waters and fecal specimens. however, nbg, hektoen en ...	1986	3767359
campylobacter enteritis--a college campus average incidence and a prospective study of the risk factors for exposure.	in a prospective study over two years at a university student health center, the average incidence for campylobacter enteritis was 4.5 cases per 1,000 students for a nine-month academic year. male students were more likely to submit a stool specimen for examination and were more likely to have campylobacter enteritis. campylobacter enteritis was ten times more common than salmonella and shigella enteritis combined. the only identifiable increased risk for campylobacter enteritis developing among ...	1986	3765614
cryptosporidiosis in a hospital-associated day care center.	cryptosporidium was identified in the stools of infants and toddlers during an outbreak of diarrheal illness at a hospital-associated day care center. stools from 42 of 54 children were examined for parasites, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and rotavirus; 27 children (64%) had cryptosporidium. one child also had salmonella and two other children were also found to have giardia. information regarding the severity and duration of symptoms was obtained from parents by means of a questionnaire. ...	1986	3763417
[hygienic study of the redistribution of pathogenic enterobacteria in an aqueous environment as affected by surface-active substances].		1986	3758704
effect of shigella toxin on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro.	preimplantation mouse embryos at the 4-cell to 8-cell stage were exposed to shigella dysenteriae toxin at concentrations of 0.001-100 pg/ml in vitro. the effect of the toxin was studied by morphological observation of the embryos to the blastocyst stage, by assessing protein synthesis with 14c-leucine incorporation, and by measuring embryonic adenosine triphosphate (atp) content. preimplantation mouse embryos were highly sensitive to the toxin. all variables investigated were adversely influence ...	1986	3755556
pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea: rabbit intestinal cell microvillus membrane binding site for shigella toxin.	this study examined the binding of purified 125i-labeled shigella toxin to rabbit jejunal microvillus membranes (mvms). toxin binding was concentration dependent, saturable, reversible, and specifically inhibited by unlabeled toxin. the calculated number of toxin molecules bound at 4 degrees c was 7.9 x 10(10) (3 x 10(10) to 2 x 10(11))/micrograms of mvm protein or 1.2 x 10(6) per enterocyte. scatchard analysis showed the binding site to be of a single class with an equilibrium association const ...	1986	3755421
generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys.	necropsy materials from 57 cases of generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys were reviewed. clinically, animals with the disease were characterized by cachexia with muscle wasting, recurrent diarrhea, and arthritis. gross lesions included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, chronic/active colitis, fibrous strictures of the cecocolic junction, osteoarthritis, and generalized muscle atrophy. histologic examination revealed minimal to severe deposits of amyloid in the small intestine (100%), spleen (93%), ...	1986	3750736
campylobacter jejuni in hospitalized children with diarrhoea in chiang mai, thailand.	in this hospital based study, campylobacter jejuni, although endemic in northern thailand was not found in a significantly higher percentage of diarrhoea than in control children. it was isolated from the stools of 14 of 208 diarrhoea (6.7%) and 6 of 108 (5.5%) control patients. ten of the 14 positive diarrhoea cases were mixed infections, other pathogens isolated simultaneously were enteropathogenic e. coli 4x, shigella spp. 3x, salmonella spp. 4x, rotavirus 3x, plesiomonas shigelloides 1x and ...	1986	3738608
measles-associated diarrhoea in northeastern thailand.	a significant proportion of the illness and death of diarrhoeal diseases in the developing world is estimated to be due to the diarrhoea associated with measles. during february 1983-january 1984 a prospective study of measles in a hospital in northeastern thailand was conducted. a total of 550 cases of measles were studied. diarrhoea was the most frequent complication of measles, occurring in 233 cases (42.4%). the largest proportion (46.2%) of cases with diarrhoea occurred in may-july. childre ...	1986	3738607
salmonellae and other enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestines of wall geckos in nigeria.	the aerobic bacterial flora of the intestine of 150 wall geckos (hemidactylus brookei) was investigated. a variety of bacteria was recovered including 35 isolates of salmonella and several other species of enterobacteriaceae, viz. shigella sonnei - 2, edwardsiella tarda - 4, enterobacter spp - 8, citrobacter freudii - 3, serratia marcescens - 3, proteus spp - 35, klebsiella pneumoniae - 13, and escherichia coli - 17, isolates. eight salmonella serotypes were identified, the predominant ones bein ...	1986	3729372
in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone, compared with that of other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new 4-quinolone, was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the mics for 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.5 microgram/ml for streptococcus faecalis, 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and citrobacter spp. ci-934 had activity ...	1986	3729343
antibiotic resistance and conjugative r plasmids in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in peninsular malaysia.	twenty-five strains of enterobacteria, isolated from man in peninsular malaysia and consisting of seven enterobacter spp., five escherichia coli, five salmonella spp., four klebsiella spp., two shigella spp., one proteus sp. and and one providencia sp., were tested for antibiotic resistance and conjugative r plasmids. they were all sensitive to nalidixic acid and resistant to at least three antibiotics. the number of resistances ranged from 3 to 11 antibiotics, including cefoperazone and sisomic ...	1986	3726978
growth of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica biotype 3b serotype o3 inhibited on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar.	a total of 169 strains of yersinia spp. were analyzed for their ability to grow on two different kinds of cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (cin) agar containing 15 or 4 micrograms of cefsulodin per ml, on salmonella-shigella agar, and on macconkey agar. cin media inhibited the growth of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica biotype 3b serotype o3 (3b/o3) but not the growth of the other yersinia organisms used. relative to growth on trypticase soy agar (bbl microbiology systems, co ...	1986	3722357
serum immune response to shigella protein antigens in rhesus monkeys and humans infected with shigella spp.	the serum antibody response to proteins encoded by the virulence-associated plasmid of shigella flexneri was determined in monkeys challenged with virulent s. flexneri serotype 2a. with water-extractable antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a significant increase in antibody titer against proteins from a plasmid-carrying, virulent strain of s. flexneri serotype 5 could be demonstrated in convalescent sera. there were minimal antibody titers against proteins from an avirulent (plasmid ...	1986	3721580
[plesiomones shigelloides isolated from diarrhea patients and zoo animals].		1986	3719687
[shigella and salmonella in butare (rwanda) 1981-1984].		1986	3718022
nalidixic acid in resistant shigella infection.		1987	3693298
a prospective epidemiologic study of shigellosis in the israel defense forces: implications for the use of shigella vaccines.	recent development of new shigella vaccines has renewed interest in the current epidemiology of shigellosis in endemic regions. a prospective epidemiologic study of 5,774 soldiers was carried out in the israel defense forces, between the months of may and september 1984. shigellosis was found to be responsible for half the diarrhea epidemics and only rarely presented as sporadic cases of diarrhea. the epidemics occurred after exposure to field conditions, whereas under fixed military base condit ...	1987	3692749
empirical treatment of shigella dysentery with trimethoprim: five-day course vs. single dose.	fifty-three adults hospitalized with shigella dysentery were empirically treated with trimethoprim (200 mg) twice/day for 5 days, a single dose of trimethoprim (600 mg), or placebo in a randomized double-blind trial. during the first 24 hr of therapy, there was a reduction in the number of stools in 18/21 (86%) of patients treated with the 5-day regimen (trimethoprim-5) and 13/15 (87%) of patients treated with a single dose (trimethoprim-1), compared with 7/17 (41%) of the placebo group (p less ...	1987	3688315
production of bacteriocin-like agents of budvicia aquatica and "pragia fontium".	in cultures of 9 budvicia aquatica and 5 "pragia fontium" strains production of distinct bacteriocin-like agents was proved. it is suggested to call them aquaticins and fonticins. they display strain specific antibacterial activities towards both genera; however, they are not active towards escherichia coli or shigella sonnei indicators. their inhibition zones are conspicuously narrow (turbid or clear). their spontaneous production may be enhanced by uv-induction of producing bacteria. they are ...	1987	3673338
serotyping of plesiomonas shigelloides strains with our own antigenic scheme. an attempted epidemiological study.	thirty-four o and 19 h sera were used to test 169 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides from several countries of three continents. the most frequent o serovar was o17 (o antigen identical with shigella sonnei phase i) which occurred in the oh serovar combinations: o17:c, o17:d and o17:f. some oh serovars were represented by a single strain; others, despite the small number of strains in hand, were evidently ubiquitous, having been isolated in mutually distant countries or at long time intervals. ...	1987	3673335
[evaluation of the effectiveness of bacteriologic studies in detecting salmonella and shigella in healthy persons under sanitary surveillance in poland 1976-1985].		1987	3669801
properties of equine anti-lipopolysaccharide hyperimmune plasma: binding to lipopolysaccharide and bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria.	anti-lipopolysaccharide equine hyperimmune plasma (anti-lps), which has been used successfully to treat lps (endotoxin)-mediated disorders, has been further characterised. igg present in anti-lps had the highest affinity for lps prepared from salmonella typhimurium, s. typhi, s. abortus equi and shigella flexneri and intermediate affinity for escherichia coli o55:b5, e. coli o127:b8 and s. enteritidis. anti-lps destroyed by means of complement activation a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, i ...	1987	3669052
crystal violet ring response as a marker for in vitro detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus & shigella spp.		1987	3666851
leukemoid reaction in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection.		1987	3666850
the mode of action of shiga toxin on peptide elongation of eukaryotic protein synthesis.	the effect of shiga toxin, from shigella dysenteriae 1, on the component reactions of peptide elongation were investigated. enzymic binding of [3h]phenylalanine-trna to reticulocyte ribosomes was inhibited by 50% at 7 nm toxin. elongation factor 1 (eef-1)-dependent gtpase activity was also inhibited. both reactions were not restored by addition of excess eef-1 protein. in contrast, toxin concentrations of 200 nm were required to inhibit by 50% the elongation factor 2 (eef-2)-dependent translocat ...	1987	3663122
[home-coming diarrhea. presentation of a clinical case].	the homing diarrhea, described by duhamel and rey in 1980, represents a gastrointestinal disease which affects children of emigrants coming back from a trip to their country of origin and may become so serious to cause death secondary to dehydration or septicemia. the poor nutritional conditions at the beginning of the trip (secondary to low socioeconomic situation) and the onset of acute enteritis during the travel, caused by salmonella or shigella, e. coli, campylobacter, myceti, giardia lambl ...	1987	3658808
infections in british clinical laboratories, 1984-5.	during 1984-5 this continuing survey showed that 41 infections occurred in the staff of 193 laboratories, representing 23,043.5 person years of exposure. the community was the probable source of two cases each of hepatitis a and b, one of tuberculosis, two of campylobacter enteritis, and 12 of norwalk viral diarrhoea. occupational exposure was the probable cause of six hepatitis b infections (affecting haematology, biochemistry, and microbiology staff), three of tuberculosis (affecting mortuary ...	1987	3654983
production of a unique cytotoxin by campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is an important diarrheal pathogen worldwide; the mechanisms by which it causes disease remain unclear. because of its association with inflammatory diarrhea, we postulated that c. jejuni might produce a cytotoxin similar to that produced by shigella sp., enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157, or clostridium difficile. filtrates of 12 polymyxin-treated isolates of c. jejuni were placed on hela cells (sensitive to shiga toxin cytotoxicity) and chinese hamster ovary (cho) ce ...	1987	3653987
comparison of antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics.	in 1981 a comparison of the resistance rates of aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporins, and nalidixic acid was made in species of gram-negative rods between a hospital in toulouse, france and one in brooklyn, new york. the results showed similar rates of resistance from both institutions. both institutions showed high rates of aminoglycoside resistance; high ampicillin resistance among salmonella and pseudomonas mirabilis in france and shigella in new york city; similar rates of resistance ...	1986	3633775
predictive value of stool examination in acute diarrhea.	we prospectively evaluate the value of fecal blood and fecal leukocytes in predicting whether acute diarrhea in adults is associated with a stool culture positive for a bacterial pathogen. one hundred thirteen patients, aged 19 to 50 years, seen in a two-year period in an urban adult outpatient setting underwent stool culture for the presenting symptom of diarrhea. heterosexual men represented 48% of the cohort, women represented 17%, and homosexual men represented 35%. overall, 53 (47%) of the ...	1987	3632285
shigella septicemia: a reminder.		1987	3625731
two year study of cryptosporidium infection.	during a two year period 48 children admitted to hospitals in the blackburn district were found to have cryptosporidium in stool samples. cryptosporidium accounted for 6% of the 742 cases of childhood gastroenteritis, being as common as campylobacter. altogether, 89% of children with cryptosporidiosis had diarrhoea, which was usually offensive and watery, and 80% vomited, the mean duration of both symptoms being six days. a substantial proportion were moderately ill with dehydration and persiste ...	1987	3619472
antimicrobial activity of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.	the antimicrobial in vitro activity of 14 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was investigated by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods against several genera of microorganisms that included streptococcus, staphylococcus, bacillus, lysteria, escherichia, salmonella, klebsiella, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia, shigella, mycobacterium and candida. anolobine was the most active compound against grampositive bacteria with mic90 between 12 and 50 mg/l; less active were anonaine, lysicamine and lirio ...	1987	3615557
epidemiology and etiology of diarrhea in colony-born macaca nemestrina.	the epidemiology of diarrhea in colony-born m. nemestrina was studied in 205 neonates and infants in an infant primate research laboratory (iprl), and in 248 neonates, juveniles and adolescents up to 4 years of age at a separate breeding and holding facility (primate field station, pfs). computerized medical records of individual animals over a 5-year period were analyzed to determine the incidence of diarrhea; age, duration and number of episodes; mortality and etiology. the incidence of diarrh ...	1987	3613510
bacterial survey of well water--tehran, iran.	one hundred twenty-one wells throughout the city of tehran were monitored during the four seasons of the year for the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution. none of the sites monitored was connected to tehran's main water distribution system but represented drinking water sources for small communities, individual factories, hospitals, etc. only 17 samples showed no indication of fecal bacterial contamination throughout the study. the remaining sites were positive for at least one o ...	1987	3608933
[shigella and salmonella isolated in burundi from 1980 to 1985].	data are presented on 633 strains of shigella, and 197 strains of salmonella, isolated in bujumbura, capital of burundi, between 1980 and 1985. the epidemiology of shigellosis is dominated by the resurgence of the shiga bacillus and by its increasing resistance against all available antibacterial drugs. salmonellosis is caused by a limited range of serotypes, most of them, with the exception of the typhoid bacillus, becoming multiresistant. bacteriaemia with s. enteritidis is a frequent complica ...	1987	3608004
multiyear study of sludge application to farmland: prevalence of bacterial enteric pathogens and antibody status of farm families.	we describe our experience with the isolation of salmonellae from sewage sludge from four treatment plants in different geographic areas of ohio. over 3 years, we isolated salmonellae 50 times from 311 sludge samples. most isolations were made after enrichment in selenite broth (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.). the largest proportion of isolations came from the plant serving the population of columbus, a large metropolitan area. a significantly greater number of isolations from this ...	1987	3606093
morbidity and mortality in a diarrhoeal diseases hospital in bangladesh.	records of all patients who were admitted to or who died in dhaka hospital of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b) between july 1980 and 30th june 1981 were reviewed to identify epidemiological characters associated with in-hospital diarrhoeal diseases-related deaths. information on aetiological agents, age, sex, major complications, nutritional status and level of dehydration were analysed. over the one-year period, 3251 patients were admitted to the me ...	1986	3603613
comparative in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bmy-28100.	using a broth microdilution method, the in vitro activity of bmy-28100 against 365 clinical strains of commonly isolated bacteria was determined. bmy-28100 showed good activity against streptococci, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, salmonella spp., shigella spp., and beta-lactamase producing branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. against susceptible strains of these organisms, bmy-28100 showed activity comparable to that of penicillin g, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromyci ...	1987	3595580
clinical impact of stool cultures for campylobacter in adults with acute or chronic diarrhea.	campylobacter jejuni has emerged as a frequent cause of diarrhea. during a 12-month period at the houston veterans administration medical center, we isolated c jejuni from 3.4% of the 290 stool cultures from patients with diarrhea. this compared to an isolation rate of 4.1% for salmonella and 3.1% for shigella. during the same period, 17 additional cases of campylobacter-associated diarrhea were identified in adults at the two other baylor college of medicine teaching hospitals. we correlated th ...	1987	3589763
pediatric gastroenteritis in primary care and in hospitalized patients.	one-hundred and fifty-seven consecutive children below seven years of age (primary care n = 48, hospitalized patients n = 109) with acute gastroenteritis of assumed infectious origin were studied. rotavirus was demonstrated by electron microscopy of faeces in 44% of all patients. the occurrence of rotavirus among patients in primary care, 15%, was significantly lower than among hospitalized patients, 57% (p less than 0.01). adenovirus was isolated in six per cent and enterovirus in two per cent ...	1987	3589234
effect of water coagulation by seeds of moringa oleifera on bacterial concentrations.	the effects of a sudanese water purification method traditionally used in sudan to treat turbid waters were studied with respect to turbidity reduction and removal of faecal indicator bacteria as well as selected enteric bacterial pathogens. water treatment was performed at 30 degrees c with moringa oleifera seed material as a coagulant, and the technique employed corresponded closely to that used to clarify turbid water in sudanese villages. a turbidity reduction of 80.0-99.5% paralleled by a p ...	1987	3586089
human carriage of yersinia spp.	examination of faecal specimens for the presence of yersinia spp. during a 1-year period yielded isolations from 3.5% of patients. salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and shigella spp. were isolated from 2.5%, 2.8% and 0.34% of patients respectively. most isolates belonged to y. enterocolitica biotype 1 (53%) and y. frederikseni (39%). the most frequently encountered serotypable strains were serotypes o 5.27 and o 6.30. serotype o 3, the commonly recognised pathogenic strain, was not isolated in ...	1987	3585967
clinical and biochemical significance of toxin production by aeromonas hydrophila.	production of cytotoxin and enterotoxin by aeromonas strains obtained from stools of 50 children in mexico and texas and from blood of 9 children with sepsis was determined. results were correlated with clinical features of infected children as well as with biochemical traits of aeromonas strains. cytotoxin was produced by 40 of 42 aeromonas strains (95%) isolated from stools of children with diarrhea, by all 8 isolates from stools of well children, and by all 9 isolates from children with sepsi ...	1987	3584426
erythromycin-resistant campylobacter infections in thailand.	erythromycin therapy was compared with no treatment in a prospective trial of acute diarrheal disease among 100 infants in an orphanage in bangkok. within 24 h of the onset of diarrhea, 50 children received erythromycin ethylsuccinate (40 mg/kg per day) in four divided doses for 5 days. campylobacter jejuni isolated from 31, campylobacter coli isolated from 21, and shigella spp. isolated from 21 of 100 children were the most commonly recognized pathogens; use of a sensitive, nonselective method ...	1987	3579261
[shigella implicated in current acute diarrheal diseases].		1986	3575989
changing pattern of shigella serotypes in a southern indian population.		1986	3571876
campylobacter hyointestinalis associated with human gastrointestinal disease in the united states.	campylobacter hyointestinalis was isolated from stool specimens of four persons, all of whom were experiencing nonbloody, watery diarrhea. the youngest (8 months of age) and the oldest (79 years of age) individuals were females, and the other two were homosexual men. c. hyointestinalis was the only clinically significant pathogen isolated from stool specimens for three of the individuals. in case 3 (involving a 37-year-old homosexual man), entamoeba histolytica and shigella sonnei were also pres ...	1987	3571477
cytotoxicity of shiga toxin for primary cultures of human colonic and ileal epithelial cells.	shiga toxin purified from shigella dysenteriae 1 was cytotoxic to cultured epithelial cells from human colon and ileum. the cytotoxicity, which affected only about 50% of treated cells, was neutralized by rabbit antiserum monospecific for shiga toxin and mediated by protein synthesis inhibition.	1987	3570477
shigella bacteremia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	bacteremic infection with shigella species is extremely rare in adults. we report five cases of shigella bacteremia in adult men that occurred at our hospital over a 2-yr period. four of these cases occurred in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. the fifth patient had evidence of cell-mediated immunodeficiency, but did not meet centers for disease control criteria for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. shigellemia is a potentially fatal but treatable complication of the ...	1987	3565339
[the incidence of campylobacter jejuni and other pathogenic bacteria in childhood summer diarrhea].	it was investigated the incidence of campylobacter jejuni which has been recognized as a common cause of akut gastroenteritis and other pathogenic bacteria in childhood summer diarrhea. it was examined 94 diarrheic patients stool in 0-5 years old in summer months 1985-86. campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella were isolated as a pathogenic bacteria.	1986	3561278
in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides.	epidemiologic evidence suggests that plesiomonas shigelloides is an enteric pathogen. we conducted in vitro, animal, and volunteer studies on p. shigelloides isolates from patients with diarrhea. five strains gave a negative keratoconjunctivitis reaction in guinea pigs and did not invade hela cells. genetic probes for heat-stable enterotoxins related to those of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and for gene sequences common to the invasiveness plasmids of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive e. coli ...	1987	3557621
shigellosis in the south-western cape of good hope 1968-85.	during the period 1968-85 shigella organisms were isolated from stool specimens of 1562 patients attending tygerberg hospital, situated in the south-western province of the cape of good hope of the republic of south africa. shigella flexneri (72% of patients) was the commonest subgroup identified. sh. sonnei was the second-commonest isolate (20%), with smaller numbers of sh. boydii (5%) and sh. dysenteriae (3%). sh. dysenteriae has not been isolated since 1979. in 1985 30% of isolates were resis ...	1987	3556443
neonatal shigellosis: a case report.		1987	3556231
clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin compared with placebo in bacterial diarrhea.	in a double-blind, randomized trial, 85 adult patients with acute diarrhea (more than three watery stools per day) received either 500 mg of ciprofloxacin twice daily or placebo for five days. seventy-six patients were evaluated, 38 patients in the ciprofloxacin group (16 with salmonella species, 19 with campylobacter jejuni, and three with shigella species) and 38 patients in the placebo group (21 with salmonella species, 11 with c. jejuni, and six with shigella species). the duration of fever ...	1987	3555057
current problems in antimicrobial therapy for bacterial enteric infection.	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is currently considered the treatment of choice for shigellosis and severe travelers' diarrhea. the problem with this combination regimen is inactivity against campylobacter jejuni strains and other bacterial enteropathogens showing in vitro resistance to the drug. resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole among enteric pathogens has occurred frequently in certain areas of the world. a study of the in vitro susceptibility of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated fr ...	1987	3555056
recent advances in bacterial diarrhoea.		1986	3554546
[infectious diarrhea in children. results of a prospective study concerning various epidemiological and clinical aspects of infectious diarrhea in children].	over a 3-year period (from october 1981 to september 1984) 352 pediatric patients were treated for infectious diarrhea at the division for pediatric infectious diseases, department of pediatrics, university of berne, switzerland. routine diagnostic tests on stool samples included cultures for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and yersinia, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rotazyme) for rotaviruses. in selected cases special tests for parasitic pathogens were also performed. the patients ...	1987	3554501
rapid automated method for screening of enteric pathogens from stool specimens.	a total of 800 colonies suggestive of salmonella, shigella, or yersinia species isolated on stool differential agar media were inoculated onto both conventional biochemical test media (triple sugar iron agar, urea agar, and phenylalanine agar) and entero pathogen screen cards of the automicrobic system (vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.). based on the conventional tests, the automicrobic system method yielded the following results: 587 true-negatives, 185 true-positives, 2 false-negatives, and ...	1987	3553230
review of the 4-quinolones.	improvements in antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics have moved the 4-quinolones into the forefront of antibiotic research. the 4-quinolones are analogues of nalidixic acid, and there are presently at least six agents in this group under investigation in the united states. it is difficult to generalize their clinical usefulness, since these agents exhibit different pharmacokinetic profiles, antimicrobial activity (with varied minimum inhibitory concentrations among similar organisms), and ...	1987	3553053
congo red binding phenotype is associated with hemin binding and increased infectivity of shigella flexneri in the hela cell model.	wild-type isolates of shigella flexneri bind the dye congo red from solid media, thus producing red (crb+) colonies. mutants which fail to bind the dye produce white colonies (crb-) and are avirulent in a variety of systems. in s. flexneri the ability to bind congo red correlates with the ability to bind hemin and protoporphyrin ix. binding of hemin by crb+ s. flexneri was observed both in solid media and in liquid assays. results of competition experiments suggest that congo red and hemin bind ...	1987	3553000
antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (bw a509u).	the thymidine analog 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (bw a509u; azidothymidine [azt]) had potent bactericidal activity against many members of the family enterobacteriaceae, including strains of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella flexneri, and enterobacter aerogenes. azt also had bactericidal activity against vibrio cholerae and the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. azt had no activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, m ...	1987	3551832
[isolation and characteristics of shigella antigens during the course of dysentery].	in 2,436 fecal samples and 1,272 urinary samples taken from 633 patients with dysentery caused by s. flexneri, s. newcastle and s. sonnei, shigella antigens were detected by means of the passive hemagglutination test with antibody diagnostic agents and the antibody neutralization test. the antigen-binding activity of shigellae in urine dynamically increased in the course of dysentery. the comparison of the parallel results of both serological tests made it possible to evaluate the dispersion of ...	1987	3551415
local and systemic antibody responses to shigella infection in rhesus monkeys.		1987	3549918
evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli.	a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ...	1986	3549665
bacterial drug resistance in meat animals: a review.	prolonged oral or parenteral administration of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant strains of microorganisms. bacteria acquire drug resistance by mutation, conjugation and transduction. oral antibiotics by a process of selection pressure facilitate the proliferation of resistant population of bacteria. drug resistant bacteria are capable of transferring their resistance to drugs to other bacteria by the process of transferable drug resistance (tdr). this can lead to multiple resi ...	1986	3549599
[infantile diarrhea in libreville (gabon). ecological studies].	the identification of different infectious agents found in infantile diarrheas was undertaken in 237 children hospitalized in pediatric institutions in libreville. in neonates between 0 and 18 months of age, the most common pathogen was rotavirus (20.6%), followed by shigella (10.8%), e. coli (9.24%), salmonella (3.46%), e. histolytica (0.8%) and y. enterocolitica (0.4%). the highest percentage of diarrheas caused by rotaviruses was found among children between 6 and 11 months of age. the freque ...	1986	3548635
[delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice immunized with ribosomal vaccines against shigella sonnei].	the capacity of s. sonnei ribosomal vaccine (srv) for inducing delayed hypersensitivity (dh) was studied in the foot pad test on mice. the test injection of srv in a dose of 10 micrograms, inducing only transient changes in intact mice, led to a highly pronounced reaction in mice immunized with ribosomes in freund's complete adjuvant. the mean difference in thickness between the test and control (injected with physiological saline) feet amounted to 0.54 mm on day 16 after immunization in two inj ...	1986	3548170
chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria.	most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ...	1986	3547624
shigella keratitis: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.		1987	3547292
the comparative activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents against enteropathogenic microorganisms.	in this study, we compared the activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin against 269 enteropathogenic strains (campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and yersinia enterocolitica) with that of rosoxacin, flumequin, nifuroxazide, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, amikacin, netilmicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin were always amo ...	1986	3546145
plasmid-mediated early killing of eucaryotic cells by shigella flexneri as studied by infection of j774 macrophages.	in shigella flexneri a 220-kilobase plasmid encodes the ability to invade nonprofessional phagocytes by a mechanism similar to phagocytosis. in this report, the continuous macrophage cell line j774 was used to study the intracellular fate of both invasive and noninvasive strains. pwr100, the virulence plasmid of s. flexneri serotype 5, mediated very efficient and rapid killing of j774 macrophages, as measured by cellular detachment and uptake of trypan blue. for this to occur, the bacteria had t ...	1987	3546130
experimental production of colicin type v of shigella sonnei unusual in nature.	col v factor of fredericq's strain escherichia coli 1.7a was mobilized for a transfer by the r (sm, cm, tc, su) factor of shigella sonnei strain in three component test. the strain e. coli k13 hfrr (a universal indicator for evidence of colicinogeny) and s. sonnei strain became the recipient of both plasmids. s. sonnei, a producer of colicin v has not been found in natural conditions as yet.	1987	3546028
comparison of enterobacterial common antigen from different species by serological techniques.	enterobacterial common antigen (eca) was isolated from a number of selected species (including salmonella montevideo, shigella sonnei and plesiomonas shigelloides) using the extraction method described by männel and mayer [eur. j. biochem. 86, 361-370 (1978)]. eca of all these species behaved identically in enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (elisa) and in its inhibition using monoclonal anti-eca antibodies. immunoblotting showed a ladder-like pattern of at least 20 bands for all preparations te ...	1987	3545822
[a preliminary study on the usefulness of the plasmid profile analysis for the epidemiological investigation of shigellosis].		1986	3545491
[infectious colitis. endoscopy].	colon and rectum localizations of an disease or a parasitosis depend essentially on the nature of the pathogenous agent and the host resistance. acute enterocolitis is secondary to enterotoxinogenous germs (such as cholera vibrio), invasive germs (such as shigella), penetrating germs (such as salmonella); viruses are seldom concerned. parasitic colitis include mostly amibiasis and bilharziosis. infectious and parasitic enterocolitis may be transmitted sexually. on the other hand, certain venerea ...	1986	3545041
convulsions in childhood shigellosis. clinical and laboratory features in 153 children.	we studied 153 children who experienced convulsions associated with shigellosis. the male-female ratio was 1.2:1.0. thirty-six children had a previous history of febrile convulsions, and 31 children had a family history of convulsive disorder. most of the children were 0.5 to 3 years of age, although 49 (32%) were older than 3 years of age and 20 (13.1%) were older than 5 years of age. all children were febrile; in 75% of the children, the temperature was over 39 degrees c. the majority of the c ...	1987	3544808
shigellosis in bangladesh.		1987	3543150
limitations of using the plasmid pattern as an epidemiological tool for clinical isolates of shigella sonnei.		1987	3543149
outbreak of post-measles gastroenteritis due to shigella dysenteriae type-i in karsog tehsil, district mandi (h.p).		1986	3543110
identification of the carbohydrate receptor for shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1.	the binding of shiga toxin isolated from the bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 to a series of glycolipids and to cells or cell homogenates has been studied. bound toxin was detected using either 125i-labeled toxin or specific monoclonal antibody and 125i-labeled anti-antibody. overlay of toxin on thin-layer chromatograms with separated glycolipids and binding to glycolipids coated in microtiter wells established that the toxin specifically bound to gal alpha 1-4gal beta (galabiose) placed te ...	1987	3543013
cloning of genes from members of the family enterobacteriaceae with mini-mu bacteriophage containing plasmid replicons.	an in vivo cloning system that uses derivatives of the escherichia coli bacteriophage mu with plasmid replicons has been extended to five different species of the family enterobacteriaceae. mu and these mini-mu replicon elements were introduced into strains of e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis by infection, by transformation, or by conjugation with newly constructed broad-host-range plasmids containing insertions of these elements. ly ...	1987	3542967
ionic requirements for entry of shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 into cells.	the ionic requirements for entry of shiga toxin into cells were examined by measuring inhibition of protein synthesis after short-term incubations with toxin. the sensitivity of vero cells and hela cells to shiga toxin was strongly dependent on the divalent cation present. vero cells were most sensitive in the presence of cacl2 and srcl2, whereas hela cells were equally sensitive in the presence of mgcl2, srcl2, and cacl2. both cell lines were protected by bacl2, cocl2, and mncl2. inhibitors of ...	1987	3542829
[bacteriological study of shigellosis in the lake kivu area (central africa). developments in the last 15 years (1968-1983)].	1913 shigella strains were isolated from 1968 to 1983 in lake kivu area (central africa). distribution and evolution of serotypes, biotypes and antibiotypes were studied. the majority of serotypes and biotypes were stable. however, few of these strains showed variations, among them shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, causing epidemic dysenteriae since 1981. epidemiologic survey of shigellosis in kivu seems to be rather underdeveloped (4 bacteriology laboratories for an area of 10 million inhabitant ...	1986	3542256
shigellosis outbreak associated with swimming.	in june 1982, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by shigella sonnei occurred among residents of two counties in oklahoma. a case-control study of cases and age and sex-matched controls showed an association with attendance at a southern oklahoma lake (14/17 cases vs 3/17 controls, matched pair odds ratio [or] 9/0, confidence interval [ci] 2.4-infinity). a survey of 85 persons who had visited the lake area showed that persons who had swum were more likely to have been ill with a gastr ...	1987	3541651
[phenomenology and molecular mechanisms of shigella sonnei dissociation: its variability in model in vivo and in vitro systems].	the dynamics of the accumulation of phase ii s. sonnei in the infectious process in germ-free rats, during cultivation and in subcultures was studied. the in vivo variability of s. sonnei showed a sharply defined phasic character of the process with the periods of the apparent absence of phase ii, the increase of its occurrence and stabilization with the preservation of s-forms in minor amounts. kanamycin-resistant phase ii accumulated in vivo more rapidly than in vitro. cultivation with sodium ...	1986	3541471
[manifestations of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in populations of shigella sonnei and of humans at different phases of the development of the epidemic process].	the study of the structure and developmental dynamics of s. sonnei populations and the state of local immunity to this infection in children under school age has revealed that the interaction of the heterogeneous populations of the parasite and the host is the internal motive force of the self-regulating phasic development of the epidemic process. in the course of this process complementary changes in the virulence of the infective agent and in the immunoresistance of children are generated on t ...	1986	3541470
[chromosomal changes in patients with acute dysentery and their relation to immunologic shifts].	the correlation between the dynamics of the occurrence of the class of lymphocytes without chromosomal associations and with two associating acrocentric chromosomes (cl0 + 2) and the course of the disease, as well as the development of immunity in patients with acute dysentery, has been detected. the positive correlation between the occurrence of cl0 + 2 and cell-mediated immunity reactions presupposes the possibility of using this cytogenetic characteristic for evaluating the cell-mediated immu ...	1986	3541467
[characteristics of erythrocyte diagnostic agents studied using optical methods].	the quantitative characterization of erythrocyte diagnosticums (ed) has been made by optical methods (light microscopy with the use of an image analyzer, model magiscan 2, and the opacity spectrum technique). the following parameters of ed have been determined: the average of the major axis (5.25 +/- 0.57 micron for ed from shigella sonnei and 5.53 +/- 0.50 micron for ed from shigella flexneri), the ratio of semiaxes (p approximately equal to 3), the major axis length distribution, the refractiv ...	1986	3541465
[ultrastructural study of intestinal bacteria grown on endo- and levine-type nutrient media based on nonfood raw materials].	the comparative electron-microscopic study of several test strains (salmonella typhi h-901, shigella flexneri la 8516, and escherichia coli 055) grown in experimental endo and levine media prepared on the basis of raw materials unsuitable for human consumption and in commonly used similar media prepared on the basis of sprat hydrolysate has shown the test strains grown in media containing aminopeptide and fodder yeast hydrolysate to retain their typical ultrastructure, which confirms the possibi ...	1986	3541464
shigella from ovine faeces.		1986	3541356
serum iga to enterobacteria in ankylosing spondylitis.	the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis (as) may involve certain enterobacteria. it is therefore interesting that serum polymeric iga, a precursor of secretory iga, was statistically elevated in active as (n = 35) and that levels were comparable to those found in yersiniosis (n = 12); this might indicate antigenic stimulation by bacteria which are present in the intestines of as patients. however, specific serum iga to the incriminated enterobacteria klebsiella, shigella and yersinia, as determi ...	1986	3541170
[functional characteristics of plasmids of shigella sonnei 47 strains].	the phenotypic characteristics of shigella sonnei strain 47 containing 7 plasmids of low molecular weight and 2 plasmids 60-100 md large have been studied. the strains of escherichia coli containing the single plasmids or plasmid groups from shigella sonnei have been obtained by transformation and conjugation. the comparison of phenotypes of the obtained strains has helped to find the plasmid location of the determinants for streptomycin resistance (p7), genes for colicinogenicity and colicin im ...	1986	3540633
[tissue affinity of pathogens: invasion of pathogens--intestines].		1986	3540363
leads from the mmwr. multiply resistant shigellosis in a day-care center--texas.		1987	3540326
cobas-bact system for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae in 4 h 20 min.	the cobas-bact (roche diagnostics, basel, switzerland) new rotor for the identification (id) in 4 h 20 min of 33 members of the family enterobacteriaceae to genus and species level was evaluated by testing 444 strains of which 398 belonged to common species and 46 belonged to rare species of enterobacteriaceae. each strain was identified by the api 20e system (analytab products, plainview, n.y.), and additional discriminating tests were set up if necessary. only first-choice id were considered i ...	1987	3540000
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae and related toxins.	a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of shiga toxin. four species of shigella, escherichia coli, and vibro parahaemolyticus were tested for production of shiga or shiga-like toxin by elisa and vero cell bioassay. in the elisa, most strains of s. dysenteriae and some strains of e. coli isolated from traveler's diarrhea were positive. these elisa-positive strains were positive by vero cell bioassay without exception. some e. coli strains and most v. para ...	1987	3539985
surface hydrophobicity of plasmid-carrying virulent shigella flexneri and their avirulent variants.	five pairs of strains of s. flexneri each differing in the colour of their colonies after growth on congo red agar have been tested for their ability to cause keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye, for the presence of the 140 md virulence plasmid, for the presence of the virulence marker antigen, and for their ability to adsorb to hydrophobic surfaces (cellulose nitrate filters and phenyl sepharose). the results suggest that the presence of the 140 md virulence plasmid provides the bacteria ...	1986	3537274