Publications

[about the comparison of closely related species chimpanzee-man and fox-dog in respect of the possibility of xenotransplantation (author's transl)].	although the transplant combinations chimpanzee-man on one hand and fox-dog on the other hand have nearly the same phylogenetic development within their zoological family, it is not quite correct to compare the immunological reactions and patterns of rejection of xenogeneic transplants within these systems. the differences in immunochemistry of serum proteins between these two systems confirm that chimpanzee and man are more closely related than fox and dog concerning their genetic disparity. th ...	1978	417391
analysis of the hominoid os coxae by cartesian coordinates.	this study is based upon 48 3-dimensional coordinates taken on 4 fossil hominid and 127 extant hominoid coxal bones. the follis include sts 14, sk 3155, mld 7, and mld 25. the comparative sample consists of 42 homo sapiens, 27 pan troglodytes, 29 gorilla gorilla and 29 pongo pygmaeus. the coordinates improve the metrical representation of the bone beyond what can be done with linear measurements because the shape complexity of the os coxae is so great. the coordinates are rotated and translated ...	1978	416722
heterotopic cardiac transplantation with a xenograft for assistance of the left heart in cardiogenic shock after cardiopulmonary bypass.	one of the indications for the use of the heterotopic cardiac transplant is temporarily to support a failing heart in the anticipation of its recovery when all other measures of support have been unsuccessful. human donors are not always available when required and we decided to use a xenograft for this purpose when the need arose. this report details our experience with a baboon and a chimpanzee cardiac xenograft transplant in the heterotopic position. we have found (a) that the operation is te ...	1977	416502
experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of four species of primates.	four species of nonhuman primates were inoculated intranasally with 10(3.1) to 10(3.7) plaque forming units (pfu) of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. adults squirrel monkeys and newborn rhesus monkeys became infected and shed small quantities (peak titer 10(2.0) pfu/ml of nasopharyngeal swab specimen) of virus, but illness did not develop. infant cebus monkeys aged 2 months became infected, shed 10(2.3) to 10(3.8) pfu/ml of nasopharyngeal swab specimen, but did not become ill. chimpanzees aged ...	1977	416176
connective tissue composition of aortas from non-human primates. a comparative study.	connective tissue composition of aortas from several non-human primate species has been studied in an effort to relate collagen, elastin, ang glycosaminoglycan (gag) content to species susceptibility to atherosclerosis. among the species studied the baboon contained the highest content of gag in the aorta. while the distribution of individual gag varied from species to species, heparan sulfate (hs) was the highest gag in aortas from most of the species. the ratio of hs to chondroitin sulfates (c ...	1978	415748
rat lung hyper-reactivity to stress.	rats have been used frequently as a model for determining the pulmonary response to various stressful situations. it has been shown in the literature that rat lungs are remarkably sensitive to factors which result in the development of gross pulmonary injury, such as stress from exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. similarly, a high degree of pulmonary reactivity was found in rats after administration of various cns, convulsants and also exposure to mechanical vibration. the present study was confined ...	1978	414726
immunological relationships of human and subhuman primate pregnancy-associated plasma proteins.	(1) four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins cross-reactive with antibodies to the human pregnancy proteins were detected in several species of pregnant subhuman primates. in the case of the two apes studied (chimpanzee and orangutan), these appeared to be immunologically identical to the human papps (papp-a, -b, -c, and hcs). in the old world monkeys analyzed, equivalent partially cross-reactive papps were found; while in the new world squirrel monkey, only faint traces of cross-reactive papp- ...	1978	413796
[ability of monkeys to predict the direction of a movement].	the capacity of chimpanzees and baboons for extrapolating the rectalinear direction of the movement of food was studied by means of a specially evolved method. it was found that the chimpanzees have greater extrapolation capacities than baboons both in the case of immediate and delayed decision. the factors which determine the effectiveness of extrapolation are as follows: relation between the lengths of visible and invisible sections of the trajectory, as well as the angle of trajectory deflect ...	1977	413275
antigenic similarities to hcg subunits among chorionic gonadotropins of nonhuman primates.	comparison of antigenic similarity between human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) subunits and the chorionic gonadotropins of six species of nonhuman primates indicates marked similarity of antigenic determinants between both subunits of hcg and the chorionic gonadotropins of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. antisera to hcg subunits (alpha or beta) did not cross-react with the chorionic gonadotropins of baboons, macaques, or marmosets. because of the relative availability of chimpanzees for la ...	1977	412970
study of platelet aggregation in vivo: iv effect of pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives.	two pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives (ra 233 and vk 744) were found effective aggregation inhibitors in vitro of human and monkey platelets and in vivo in stumptailed monkeys and chimpanzees. they also inhibited thrombotic occlusion of metal screens inserted into arteriovenous shunts.	1977	412904
rh antibodies produced by an isoimmunized chimpanzee; reciprocal relationship between chimpanzee simian-type isoimmune sera and human anti-rho reagents.	an isoimmune chimpanzee serum was found to contain, in addition to expected antibodies of the simian-type specificity anti-lc, a fraction of anti-rho specificity, as proved by parallel tests with standard human anti-rho sera as well as by absorption experiments using human and chimpanzee red cells. on the other hand, the two human anti-rho sera tested in parallel were found to contain not only antibodies of specificity anti-rho but also antibodies capable of detecting lc specificity on the chimp ...	1978	412797
experimental basis for qrs and t wave potentials in the wpw syndrome. the relation of epicardial to body surface potential distributions in the intact chimpanzee.		1978	412608
biotransformation of diethylstilbestrol in the rhesus monkey and the chimpanzee.	diethylstilbestrol (des) is considered a teratogen and a transplacental carcinogen in humans. in order to compare its biotransformation in nonhuman primates to that in humans, a metabolic study was carried out in rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg [14c]des, approximately 59% of the ingested radioactivity was found in the urine and 28% in the feces of two female rhesus monkeys after 4 days, while in male rhesus monkeys urinary radioactivity accounted for 43% and fecal r ...	1977	411947
biologic and antigenic characteristics of epstein-barr virus-related herpesviruses of chimpanzees and baboons.	leukocyte-transforming agents were isolated in baboon leukocytes inoculated with oral excretions from immunosuppressed chimpanzees. the transformed lymphoblasts had b cell surface markers and harbored herpes-type virus particles; 5-10% of the cells contained cytoplasmic antigens reactive with epstein-barr virus (ebv)-antibody-positive chimpanzee, human and baboon sera. these sera also neutralized the transforming activity of the chimpanzee virus. long-term lymphoid cell lines were established fr ...	1977	409690
virulence and immunogenicity of a temperature-sensitive dengue-2 virus in lower primates.	clones of dengue-2 virus were tested for virulence by inoculation of rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. although primates showed no overt signs of illness, inoculation with the parent virus or a subline of a large-plaque clone resulted in a viremia lasting 1 to 7 days. by these criteria, sublines of a small-plaque clone were significantly less virulent and produced little or no viremia in primate hosts. although they had a substantially reduced viremia, primates inoculated with the small-plaque sub ...	1977	409682
effect of toloxatone on behaviour of primates.	1. the effects of (3-methyl)-3-phenyl-5-hydroxy-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (toloxatone) were studied on the behaviour of three species of primates: baboon, rhesus monkeys and chimpanzee. 2. the activity against reserpine-induced depression is observed in baboon as in rodents. 2. the administration of toloxatone induces three effects which probably have the same origin: suppression of feeding inhibition of the subordinate baboon, improvement of escape reaction in the conditioned chimpanzee, increase ...	1977	409416
immunity to gonococcal infection induced by vaccination with isolated outer membranes of neisseria gonorrhoeae in guinea pigs.	purified outer membranes from neisseria gonorrhoeae strain m or b were prepared. gonococcal outer membranes were pure as evidenced by banding insucrose gradients at a density of 1.23 g/cm3, simple protein composition patterns when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, low succinic dehydrogenase levels, and few precipitin peaks obtained in two-dimensional immuno-electrophoresis against hyperimmune serum to gonococcal sonicates. isolated outer membranes administere ...	1977	405431
absence of self-recognition in a monkey (macaca fascicularis) following prolonged exposure to a mirror.	to date only chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans have been found capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors. in an attempt to provide a more definitive test of the capacity for self-recognition in monkeys. i gave a preadolescent crab-eating macaque 2400 hr of mirror exposure. however, patterns of self-directed behavior never developed and a more explicit test of self-recognition yielded negative results. the data indicate possible differences between great apes and monkeys in self-awareness.	1977	405264
comparative physical and immunological aspects of the chimpanzee and guinea-pig subcutaneous chamber models of neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.	physical and immunological characteristics of the chimpanzee and guinea-pig subcutaneous chamber models for neisseria gonorrhoeae infection were compared to evaluate their usefulness for gonococcal research. urethral infection in chimpanzees anatomically resembled the human infection; however, individual variation in response, limited availability, and the presence of interfering micro-organisms in the urethra were found to limit the usefulness of the chimpanzee in immunological research. althou ...	1977	403994
chimpanzee livers after infection with human hepatitis viruses a and b: ultrastructural studies.	electron microscopical studies were carried out on coded liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees inoculated with human hepatitis a or b virus. hepatitis b was recognized by the presence of hepatitis b core particles in hepatocellular nuclei. hepatitis a was characterized by unidentified large, dense, and more irregular heterochromatin-like particles in hepatocellular nuclei coincidental with peak aminotransferase activities. as type a hepatitis illness became manifest in the chimpanzees, mitocho ...	1977	402899
[vaccination against hepatitis b in man].	the preparation of a vaccine against hepatitis b is described. the vaccine is prepared from the hb viral coat (hbs ag) purified and formalin inactivated. the hbs ag is isolated and purified from the blood of healthy hbs ag positive donors by means of an immunoadsorbent technique. the inocuity and efficacy were tested on chimpanzees. vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and ward staff in a high risk haemodialysis unit. the efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by humoral ...	1977	401985
[myoclonus in alzheimer's disease. 2 anatomoclinical cases].	a few autopsy proved cases of alzheimer's disease with myoclonus have been hitherto reported. we think that myoclonus is a frequent clinical feature in advanced cases of alzheimer's disease. our second case is such an example with a chronic evolution. in cases like our first one, with a short history, myoclonus, and atypical, diphasic, periodic complexes in the eeg, clinical differential diagnosis with creutzfeldt-jakob disease can be very difficult. alzheimer disease has been considered an unit ...	1979	394558
regulation of gonadotropin release by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and estrogen in chimpanzees.		1979	376298
inhibition of gonadotropin release in chimpanzees by the lh-rh antagonist (d-phe2, d-trp3, d-phe6)-lh-rh.		1979	375240
[chimpanzee as a pet: cause of a shigella infection].		1979	372831
leprosy in a chimpanzee. morphology of the skin lesions and characterization of the organism.	microscopic features of lepromatoid lesions in a chimpanzee inoculated with bovine leukemia virus consisted of diffuse dermal infiltrations of foamy histiocytes, except for a subepidermal "clear zone" devoid of infiltrating cells. acid-fast organisms were in histiocytes, dermal nerves and a branch of the left radial nerve. the organisms were more intensely acid-fast with the fite-faraco than with the ziehl-neelsen stain. the organisms did not oxidize 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) to indole b ...	1978	356407
immunofluorescence microscopy in experimentally induced, type b hepatitis in the chimpanzee.		1978	340320
ultrastructure and viability of cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum.	cryopreserved chimpanzee erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum were examined by electron microscopy directly and after a period of culture. light microscopic observations on the viability of cryopreserved parasites in culture were also made. parasitaemia data from a chimpanzee infected with parasites cryostored for more than 2(1/2) years are presented. varying degrees of damage were apparent as the parasites were examined in vitro, for viability, and by electron microscopy. schizonts ...	1977	338185
detection of hepatitis b surface antigen in potentially contaminated human plasma and plasma fractions.	a new method is described for the quantitative detection of hbsag in whole human plasma and in plasma fractions. the nonantigen proteins are digested with pepsin at low ph, and the antigen is precipitated with peg. with use of only 20 ml of contaminated plasma, as few as 5.0 x 10(6) hbsag particles/ml can be detected--a 40-fold increase in the apparent level of sensitivity of the ausria ii ria (2.0 x 10(8) particles/ml). with 500 500 ml or more of plasma or plasma fractions, fewer than 5.0 x 10( ...	1977	336817
lh-rh-induced gonadotropin release in chimpanzees.		1977	329904
immunodiagnosis of melanoma using chimpanzee antihuman melanoma antiserum.	three cases of metastatic malignant lesions are presented. by conventional pathologic examination these lesions were diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinomas. they were studied using a chimpanzee antiserum specific for human melanoma-associated antigens. in each case, cells from the tumor were reactive with the anti-melanoma antiserum. the tumors were also studied using the dopa test. all three tumors were positive in the dopa test, suggesting the presence of tyrosinase within the tumor cells. t ...	1977	326027
experimental smallpox in chimpanzees.	in an attempt to prepare highly specific antiserum to variola virus, a chimpanzee was inoculated with a virulent human strain of this virus. three uninoculated chimpanzees were housed in the same room; two of these developed clinical disease with seroconversion, while the third developed no evidence of infection and no antibody. the three animals that became ill also developed antibody to vaccinia and monkeypox viruses. human contacts during the study and following a break in containment showed ...	1979	316740
evaluation of a finger prick blood collection method for the seroepidemiology of hepatitis b.	a finger prick-swab method of blood specimen collection was qualitatively and quantitatively compared with the conventional venipuncture method for hbsag and anti-hbs determinations by radioimmunoassay (ria). the new method consisted of pricking the finger, collecting 0.1-0.2 ml of blood with a cotton-wool swab, and eluting the swab in 1 ml of 1% bovine albumin in saline containing 0.1% sodium azide. using chimpanzees seropositive for hbsag or anti-hbs, comparisons were made of ria results of: ( ...	1978	310721
[assignment of alpha-fuc to1p in man and the chimpanzee and to chromosome 4 in the african green monkey].	analysis of cellular hybrids confirms the assignment of alpha-l-fucosidase (alpha-fuc) to 1p in man. discordant results are in favour of the following gene order: 1pter (eno-1, alpha-fuc,ak2) pgm1 centromere pep-c but give no information on the relative positions of eno-1,alpha-fuc, and ak2. the assignments of alpha-fuc to chromosome 1 in the chimpanzee and to chromosome 4 in the african green monkey are demonstrated (chromosome nomenclature by finaz et al, 1976). these results confirm the homol ...	1978	308341
the proteins of hepatitis b dane particle cores.	although several studies have been done to analyze the peptides of purified 22-nm hbsag particles, no information has been published about the peptides of the core of the dane particle which bears the other hepatitis b viral antigen. hbcag. dane particles and dane particle cores (produced by np-40 treatment of dane particles) were purified by equilibrium centrifugation in cscl density gradients. two populations of dane particles were observed at densities 1.27 and 1.24 g/ml, respectively. the hi ...	1977	305949
[assignment of the genes of beta-glucuronidase, enolase-2 and phosphoglycerate kinase to chromosomes 7, 12 and x in the chimpanzee].	by cellular hybridization with c11d cells, the following gene assignments to specific chromosomes were demonstrated for the chimpanzee: beta-glucuronidase on chromosome 7, enolase-2 on chromosome 12, and the phosphoglycerate kinase on the x.	2004	305752
different phenotypes of the group-specific component (gc) in chimpanzees.	the group-specific component (gc) was examined in a sample of 78 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). with isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation, two different phenotypes are observed. they both differ from the gc types observed in man. two alleles are postulated, one coding for a double-band component, the other coding for a single-band component. neuraminidase experiments indicate the presence of sialic acid in the anodal component of the double-band pattern.	1979	292622
early septal surgery in a chimpanzee animal model.	early resection of the proximal one-third of the cartilagenous nasal septum was performed in a chimpanzee. longitudinal data on facial growth was collected for fourteen months. growth rates (from regression equations) were shown to be the same for operated and unoperated animals. implications for cleft palate repair are discussed.	1982	272247
carbohydrate composition of serum low and high density lipoproteins of nonhuman primate species.	1. carbohydrate composition of serum low and high density lipoproteins obtained from 5 nonhuman primate species (chimpanzee, patas, baboon, rhesus, and spider) and humans was studied. 2. individual lipoproteins were isolated from pooled sera of each species by ultracentrifugal flotation between the densities 1.019-1.063 for ldl-2; 1.063-1.12 for hdl-2; and 1.12-1.21 for hdl-3. after delipidation, sialic acid, fucose, glucosamine, mannose, galactose, and glucose were determined on apo ldl-2, apo ...	1977	233783
controlled synthesis of hbsag in a differentiated human liver carcinoma-derived cell line.	a significant aspect of primary hepatic carcinoma in man is the high positive correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma with infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv)1. analysis of the relationship between hbv infection and oncogenesis is difficult because natural infection with hbv is limited to man and experimental infection has been achieved only in chimpanzees and gibbons. furthermore, because hbv has not been successfully propagated in cell culture, basic study of virus-cell interaction of the a ...	1979	233137
lack of susceptibility of marmosets to human non-a, non-b hepatitis.	infectious sera from three humans with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis, whose blood or serum had transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis both to other humans and to experimentally inoculated chimpanzees, were inoculated into five marmosets. a sixth uninoculated marmoset served as a control. no elevations in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase or isocitric dehydrogenase occurred in serum samples obtained weekly from any of the marmosets during three months following inoculation. this study indicat ...	1979	231072
antibody and cell-mediated immunity to a dna free herpes simplex subunit vaccine.	the immunogenicity of a dna free herpes simplex subunit vaccine was evaluated in chimpanzees and rabbits. the results clearly demonstrate that 1 injection of 3 micrograms/kg elicited antibodies as well as cell-mediated immunity in all the animals studied. these antibodies persisted for at least 6 months. furthermore the vaccine also protected 50% of the animals against an experimental infection and reduced the rate of latent infection in nervous sensory ganglia.	1979	230114
a new endogenous primate type c virus isolated from the old world monkey colobus polykomos.	a new, genetically transmitted retrovirus has been isolated from the old world monkey colobus polykomos. this virus, designated cpc-1, is readily transmitted to both feline and human cells in culture. nucleic acid hybridization studies reveal that there are 50-70 copies of the cpc-1 genome in colobus cellular dna. related virogene sequences can be detected in the dna of all other old world monkeys, as well as in the dna of at least one ape species, the chimpanzee, indicating that this virus has ...	1979	228275
cytomegalovirus isolation from a chimpanzee with acute demyelinating disease after inoculation of multiple sclerosis brain cells.	a strain of cytomegalovirus (cmv) was isolated during the third subcultivation of explants from the left frontal lobe of a chimpanzee that developed paralysis more than 3 years after intracerebral inoculation at birth with brain cell cultures derived from a patient with multiple sclerosis. another strain of cmv was also isolated from a lymph node culture taken from the same chimp. the isolates, designated mzm-13 and mzm-14, produced a cytopathic effect characteristic for cmv when inoculated into ...	1979	227786
influence of oral polyunsaturated and saturated phospholipid treatment on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of chimpanzee lipoproteins.	the influence of treatment with polyunsaturated lecithin (epl) and with saturated lecithin on the lipoprotein composition and fatty acid profile was investigated in 4 male chimpanzees. the animals were successively given 3 isocaloric diets containing the same amount of fat with a degree of saturation varying from 1 in the control diet to 0.2 in the diet enriched with polyunsaturated lecithin, to 4 in the diet enrich with saturated lecithin. the vldl, ldl and hdl3 fractions were isolated by ultra ...	1978	222303
simultaneous acute infections with hepatitis a and hepatitis b viruses in a chimpanzee.	the unexpected occurrence of a hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in a chimpanzee experimentally inoculated with hepatitis a virus (hav) provided an opportunity to examine the course of simultaneous acute infections with both agents. a chimpanzee inoculated intravenously with hav developed elevated levels of aminotransferases in serum, detectable excretion of hepatitis a antigen in feces, and a marked antibody response to hav. during the acute phase of this experimentally induced infection with h ...	1979	221596
lymphocyte activation by the tumor-promoting agent 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa).	tpa, a highly active tumor-promoting agent, is an effective mitogen for primate peripheral blood lymphocytes. optimal stimulation of human lymphocytes was obtained 4 days after the addition of tpa at a concentration of 7.5 ng/ml. lymphocyte fractionation experiments demonstrated that both t and b cells incorporated 3h-thymidine significantly in response to tpa. lymphocyte blastogenesis was not due to the reactivation of latent herpesviruses by the tumor promoter, since similar responses to tpa w ...	1979	221578
reproductive function in aged female chimpanzees.	reproductive function was evaluated in ten female chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) aged 35-48 years. forty-eight years is the longevity record for the chimpanzee. data on cycle frequency and duration was available for seven animals. most were cycling regularly until death, and all had experienced at least one menstrual cycle within one year of death. after exclusion of periods when the animals were pregnant or in postpartum amenorrhea, the mean cycle frequency (+/- standard error)/year was 9.54 +/- ...	1979	218459
isolation and characterization of hepatitis a virus.	this paper presents current isolation technics of hepatitis a virus (hav) from human and chimpanzee stool, liver, and bile specimens, as well as comparative characterizations of hav buoyant density properties of human and chimpanzee stool-derived particles. in addition, methods designed for the extraction and purification of hav from large samples of stool and liver tissues, including agar gel filtration, are discussed in detail.	1976	218442
viral type a and type b hepatitis: morphology, biology, immunology and epidemiology--a review.	viral hepatitis is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the united states and is of great concern to the public health agencies, hospitals and research laboratories. progress in our knowledge of this disease has been based on cooperation between specialists in many diverse scientific disciplines employing sophisticated scientific instruments and technics. close cooperation between clinical pathologists and clinicians is of great importance in diagnosis. biologic, immunologic, epidemiol ...	1976	218439
varicella-zoster virus immunizes patas monkeys against simian varicella-like disease.	to define further the antigenic relationship between human varicella-zoster virus and herpesviruses which produce varicella-like disease in certain simian species, patas monkeys were inoculated with varicella-zoster virus and then challenged with delta herpesvirus, which uniformly produces severe, clinically apparent disease in susceptible animals. protection against delta herpesvirus was conferred both by hyperimmunization with varicella-zoster virus and by a single immunization with a cell-fre ...	1979	215708
coxsackievirus in an infant chimpanzee.	coxsackie b viruses may cause a severe, often fatal, illness in newborn and infant human subjects. as recorded in this case, infant chimpanzees respond similarly to coxsackie b-5 virus.	1978	213604
persistent shedding of adenovirus in urine of chimpanzees.	a new adenovirus, designated pan 11, was isolated repeatedly from the urine of several chimpanzees for more than 1 year. one chimpanzee had chronic interstitial nephritis; the others were healthy. most chimpanzees tested had neutralizing antibodies to pan 11 virus in the serum; three people who worked with chimpanzees also acquired antibodies. transplantable rhabdomyosarcomas developed in hamsters inoculated as newborns with pan 11 virus.	1978	213382
immunofluorescence of hepatitis a virus antigen in chimpanzees.	chimpanzee liver biopsies and necropsy tissues were examined by immunofluorescence for hepatitis a virus antigen. results further indicate that the liver may be the sole site of replication for the virus.	1978	211088
antibodies in urine of chimpanzees with chronic adenoviral viruria.	many chimpanzees have naturally occurring chronic intermittent viruria with an adenovirus of a new type called pan 11. small amounts of neutralizing antibodies to pan 11 adenovirus were found in the urine of chimpanzees. urinary antibodies to adenovirus were mainly of the immunoglobulin g (igg) class with some iga antibodies also present. there was no neutralizing activity in urine against another adenovirus, pan 9, which has been isolated from lymph nodes, but not from urine, of chimpanzees; ho ...	1978	211084
characterization and classification of virus particles associated with hepatitis a. i. size, density, and sedimentation.	virus-like particles were purified from stools of patients in an epidemic of hepatitis a in germany. when reference ms-1 chimpanzee pre-inoculation and convalescent sera were used, the close serological relationship of the purified particles to well-known isolates of hepatitis a could be established. on the other hand, the physicochemical characteristics of the particles were determined in parallel to the characteristics of a marker parvovirus (luiii) and a marker picornavirus (poliovirus type 2 ...	1978	206730
human foamy virus: further characterization, seroepidemiology, and relationship to chimpanzee foamy viruses.	a foamy virus present in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue was studied for a number of biological properties, including range of cellular susceptibility, growth curve, evolution of cytopathic effect in relation to cellular fusion and intracellular viral distribution, reverse transcriptase activity, and buoyant density. the virus was also studied immunologically and found to be closely related to the chimpanzee foamy viruses, particularly simian foamy virus type 6, with which it shares common ...	1978	206631
experimental infection of marmosets with hepatitis a virus.	saguinus mystax marmosets were experimentally infected with two strains of human hepatitis a virus. one of these strains of hav was successfully subpassaged in this species of marmosets. in another experiment, the 1.32 and 1.41 g/cm3 buoyant density species of hav derived from an infected chimpanzee stool were shown to be infectious in three species of marmosets. the value of the marmoset as an experimental model for hepatitis a infection was demonstrated by these studies.	1978	205859
cyclic excretion of hepatitis a virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees: biophysical characterization of the associated hav particles.	experimental infection of two chimpanzees with the phoenix antigen strain of hav resulted in the cyclic excretion of virus particles on days 9-11, 14-15, and 20-21 postinoculation. isopycnic banding in cscl of stool suspensions prepared from 9-11; 14-15; and 17, 19, 21 dav stool pools revealed multiple buoyant densities for the associated hav particles. hollow hav particles found in the 9-11 day pool banded primarily at a buoyant density of 1.30 g/cm3. hav in the 14-15 day stool banded bimodally ...	1977	205631
multiple buoyant densities of hepatitis a virus in cesium chloride gradients.	hepatitis a virus (hav) recovered from stools of human cases of hepatitis a and from stools of chimpanzees experimentally infected with hav was shown to possess multiple buoyant densities in cscl gradients. the greatest proportion of hav was most frequently found at a buoyant density of 1.32-1.34 g/cm3, however, large proportions of hav were also frequently found at higher densities, including 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.42, and 1.45-1.48 g/cm3. these findings are consistent with the notion that hav may b ...	1977	204743
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a antigen in stool and antibody to hepatitis a antigen in sera: comparison with solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immune electron microscopy, and immune adherence hemagglutination assay.	previously described techniques for detection of hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) and antibody (anti-ha) have required purified ha ag and expensive equipment. herein is described an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific detection of ha ag in human stool filtrates and of anti-ha in sera by using selected ha ag-containing human stool filtrates as the antigen source. because human stools often react nonspecifically in serological tests for ha ag, blocking with preexposure and hyperimmun ...	1978	204663
nonhuman primates: laboratory animals of choice for neurophysiologic studies of sleep.	a systematic study was made of several nonhuman primates to learn more about their relative usefulness for studies of sleep. species studied included the guinea baboon (papio papio), kenya or yellow baboon (p cynocephalus), olive baboon (p anubis), sacred baboon (p hamadryas), vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), bonnet monkey (m radiata), crab-eating monkey (m fascicularis), patas monkey (erythrocebus patas), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), mongoose lemur (lemur ...	1977	201798
detection of hepatitis a antigen by immunofluorescence.	hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (if) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis a virus infection. blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types a, b, or non-a, non-b, as well as with purified ha ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for ha ag. ha ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis a virus. in two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, ha ag could be detected ...	1977	200565
studies on human hepatitis a virus in chimpanzees.		1977	199227
transformation of lymphocytes by herpesvirus papio.	cotton-topped (ct) or white-lipped (wl) marmoset lymphocytes were transformed in vitro with herpesvirus papio (hvp) into permanently growing lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcl). five of 9 hvp-transformed ct cell lines contained cells with antigens reacting with antibodies to epstein-barr virus (ebv) capsid antigen (vca) and/or to ebv-induced early antigens (ea). none of 12 wl lcl revealed such antigen-producing cells. cells from both groups of cultures failed to react with antibodies to the ebv-spec ...	1977	197025
ovarian tumors and related lesions in aged chimpanzees.	the ovaries of a 48-year-old chimpanzee each contained a large bilateral fibrothecoma. a 39-year-old chimpanzee had two small fibrothecomas in one ovary and a well-differentiated sertoli-leydig cell tumor in the other; there also was adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium. both animals had extensive thecal hypertrophy in the ovaries. thecal hypertrophy might have been a source of excessive estrogen and could have been a partial cause of the ovarian tumors.	1977	196384
confirmation of the assignment of the chimpanzee thymidine kinase and galactokinase genes to chromosome 19.	chimpanzee-mouse hybrid cells were isolated by fusing chimpanzee hgprt- cells and mouse tk- cells. both biochemical and cytologic studies of these hybrid cells and budr resistant cells isolated from them showed that the tk and gak genes are located on the chimpanzee chromosome 19.	1977	195892
genetic homology between man and the chimpanzee: syntenic relationships of genes for galactokinase and thymidine kinase and adenovirus-12-induced gaps using chimpanzee-mouse somatic cell hybrids.	the induction by adenovirus-12 of a site-specific gap and assignment of the chimpanzee genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase were studied by utilizing chimpanzee-mouse hybrid cells. it has been shown that adenovirus-12 induces a specific gap in the long arm of human chromosome 17 (hs 17); with chimpanzee-mouse hybrid cells the specific gap appears on the short arm of the chimpanzee homolog [ptr 19 (hs 17)] of hs 17. this result supports the proposed relationship of hs 17 to ptr 19 (hs 17) ...	1976	195354
linkage relationship between the genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase in different primates.	in this study we investigated the expression of primate galactokinase in somatic cell hybrids between a thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cell line and two different primate cell lines, one of which was derived from african green monkey kidney cells and the other from chimpanzee fibroblasts. all the african green monkey-mouse hybrid clones, selected in hat medium, expressed monkey galactokinase activity and contained a monkey chromosome similar to a human e-group chromosome. when these clones wer ...	1976	195352
serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis a: detection of acute-phase immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus by radioimmunoassay.	a modified micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was developed. this double antibody procedure was performed by coating the surface of a polyvinyl microtiter plate "well" with 200 microliter of a 1:1,000 dilution of a patient's test serum. purified hav and 125i-labeled immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-hav were then sequentially added to form an antibody sandwich. the specificity and sensitivity of the ria procedure for anti-hav were verified by examinat ...	1977	194916
purification of hepatitis a virus from chimpanzee stools.	hepatitis a virus antigen was purified from early acute-phase chimpanzee stools by a rapid three-step procedure using 7% polyethylene glycol precipitation, cscl banding, and sepharose 2b column chromatography. electron microscopic examination of the hepatitis a virus entigen preparation revealed highly purified hepatitis a virus particles.	1977	192913
linkage of the genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase in the africian green monkey and the chimpanzee.		1976	192374
sertoli-leydig cell tumor in a chimpanzee.	microscopic analysis of a 38-year-old chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) revealed a well differentiated sertoli-leydig cell tumor (arrhenoblastoma), 4 mm in diameter. extensive follicular atresia and thecal hypertrophy were noted. the endometrium showed extensive adenomatous hyperplasia, an indication of hyperestrinism. it was suggested that the apparent excessive estrogenic secretion might have originated in the hypertrophic thecal tissue rather than in the tumor.	1976	190468
virus-like antigen associated with hepatitis a: investigations in children's acute hepatitis.	stool specimens, collected from 8 children with viral hepatitis [5 of type a, presumably, and 3 of type b (hbsag-positive)] during the acute phase, were examined in the electron microscope. the presence of 27-nm virus-like particles, aggregated by the convalescent serum of a chimpanzee infected with ms-1 and not by the serum of the same animal drawn before infection, was detected by immune electron microscopy (iem) in the stools of 3 out of the 5 children with suspected hepatitis a. the virus-li ...	1976	189787
oncornavirus-like particles in baboon type c virus-infected chimpanzee lung cells (sfre:cl-1).	intracytoplasmic type a particles were observed in a fetal chimpanzee lung culture (sfre:cl-1) inoculated with type c virus-containing supernatants from a coculture of baboon placenta and sfre:cl-1 cells. budding, immature, and mature type c particles were also noted. in thin section, spike-like structures were rarely detected on budding intracytoplasmic type a particles but were occasionally observed on some immature and mature virus particles. unlike mouse mammary tumor virus or mason-pfizer m ...	1976	186614
serum lipid and lipoprotein responses of six nonhuman primate species to dietary changes in cholesterol levels.	the response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to different levels of cholesterol in the diet was studied in chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), rhesus (macaca mulatta), green (cercopithecus aethiops), patas (erythrocebus patas), squirrel (saimiri sciurea) and spider (ateles sp.) monkeys. five animals of each species were fed increasing amounts of dietary cholesterol (0.05% to 1.5% w/w) for 3-week periods; between each experimental diet, the animals were fed a basal diet without cholesterol for a simil ...	1976	186573
infection and disease induced in chimpanzees with 6/94, a parainfluenza type 1 virus isolated from human multiple sclerosis brain.	a parainfluenza type 1 virus (6/94) recovered from brain cell cultures of two patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) was inoculated into newborn chimpanzees by the intranasal (in) or intracerebral (ic) routes. four of the five animals receiving the virus in developed clinical signs ranging from mild fever, with or without rhinorrhea, to severe respiratory disease. two of the chimpanzees died as a result of pneumonia. virus could be recovered from respiratory tracts for as long as 9 days after exp ...	1976	186566
agarose gel filtration of concentrated fecal extracts containing virus-like particles associated with hepatitis a.	virus-like particles shown to be associated with hepatitis a infection were recently visualized by immune electron microscopy in human and chimpanzee acute-phase fecal extracts. agarose gel filtration of concentrated chimpanzee fecal extracts containing those 27-nm diameter particles separated more than 99% of the high molecular weight fecal impurities into two major peaks as determined by absorbance at 280 and 260 nm. the hepatitis a-associated particles were found between these two peaks by bo ...	1975	186439
linkage of the genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase in the african green monkey and the chimpanzee.		1976	185024
antigens and dna of a chimpanzee agent related to epstein-barr virus.	biological and biochemical studies of the herpesvirus of chimpanzees previously demonstrated to be antigenically related to human epstein-barr virus (ebv) indicated that the agent is similar to ebv in that: (i) leukocyte culture of chimpanzees whose sera contained antibody against ebv capsid antigen could yield long-term lymphoblastoid cell lines (ch-lcl) with b-cell characteristics; (ii) the dna of ch-lcl contained sequences homologous to approximately 35 to 45% of human ebv; (iii) ch-lcl conta ...	1976	184297
hepatitis a.		1976	183390
recovery of applied human leukocyte interferon from the nasal mucosa of chimpanzees and humans.	intranasally applied human leukocyte interferon was recovered locally in 9 of 10 chimpanzees and 3 of 3 human volunteers tested. a 5- to 50-fold reduction in interferon was observed over 60 min.	1976	182714
hepatitis a antigen particles in liver, bile, and stool of chimpanzees.	virus-like hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) particles, presumably hepatitis a virus, were isolated from the liver, bile, and stool of three chimpanzees that had been infected with stool filtrates containing ha ag particles. specimens of serum, stool, liver biopsy material, and bile were obtained at selected intervals during the experiment. the animals developed mild hepatitis 19-21 days after inoculation, and antibody to ha ag appeared de novo in their convalescent-phase serum. during acute illness, ...	1976	181500
nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type a. serologic evidence of hepatitis a virus infection.	since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. to determine whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type a, we tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha) by immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha), recently available test. in both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man (michigan, 1964), the s ...	1976	180303
quantitation of antibody to hepatitis a antigen by immune electron microscopy.	a set of precipitin reactions was performed by immune electron microscopy (iem) with hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) and varying quantities of antibody to ha a q (anti-ha). serial dilution of anti-ha resulted in progressive diminution in iem antibody rating. these data, together with a highly significant correlation between iem ratings and immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) titers on 92 coded serum samples, confirm that quantitative serology development can be performed by iem. to demonstrate ...	1976	179951
phylogenetic variability of serum lipids and lipoproteins in non-human primates fed diets with different contents of dietary cholesterol.	the response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to different levels of dietary cholesterol (0.05% to 1.5% w/w) was measured in six nonhuman primate species. relative response of serum cholesterol in different species, measured in terms of response, index, varied with dietary cholesterol concentration. the overall response for the different diets allowed ranking of the species as follows: squirrel is greater than green is greater then spider is approximately thesus is approximately patas is greater ...	1976	179305
the nonhuman primates as models for studying human atherosclerosis: studies on the chimpanzee, the baboon and the rhesus macacus.	there is no dearth of experimental techniques for producing the hyperlipoproteinemia resulting in atherosclerotic complications and for myocardial infarction in the non human primates. most of the recent experiments which have given information of great value have been studied with relatively expensive animals for a long period of time up to 6-7 years. it is evident that no animal model perfectly duplicates the human disease or satisfies all desirable requirements. the chimpanzees, representativ ...	1976	179299
evolution of type c viral genes: evidence for an asian origin of man.	old world monkeys and apes, including man, possess, as a normal component of their cellular dna, gene sequences (virogenes) related to the rna of a virus isolated from baboons. a comparison of the viral gene sequences and the other cellular sequences distinguishes those old world monkeys and apes that have evolved in africa from those that have evolved in asia. among the apes, only gorilla and chimpanzee seem by these criteria to be african, whereas gibbon, orang-utan and man are identified as a ...	1976	179013
purification of hepatitis a antigen from feces and detection of antigen and antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination.	hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was purified from feces collected during acute illness from patients with naturally occurring viral hepatitis, type a. positive fecal specimens were identified by immune electron microscopy, but for detection of ha agduring purification immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) and microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay were used. isopycnic banding in cesium chloride, rate-zonal separation in sucrose, and preparative zonal electrophoresis were used in various combina ...	1976	178597
the mythology of various hepatitis a virus isolates.	several types of viral hepatitis may exist. hepatitis a (ms-1 type) can be transmitted to marmosets and chimpanzees. virus-like particles, which may be parvo- or enteroviruses and which have been demonstrated in feces of this type of hepatitis, do not share cross-reacting antigens with hepatitis b but do cross-react with fecal hepatitis a antigen. hepatitis a (gb type), which also does not cross-react with hepatitis b, is not antigenically identical with ms-1; it can be transmitted to marmosets ...	1975	173601
immune adherence and complement-fixation tests for human hepatitis a. diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations.	the reliable propagation of cr326 strain of human hepatitis a virus in saguinus mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization, complement-fixation (cf), and immune adherence (ia) assays for hepatitis a antigen and antibody. the cf and ia assays were made possible by the use of livers of cr326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis a antigen. all assays were shown to be specific for hepatitis a. cases of hepatitis b did not show development of hepatitis a an ...	1975	173600
infectivity studies of hepatitis a and b in non-human primates.	we have induced hepatitis a in marmosets of the subspecies saguinus mystax following primary inoculation with human serum containing the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) and in 3 further marmoset subpassages using infective marmoset serum from each preceding passage. in each passage acquisition of serum antibody against 17 nm virus-like particles recovered from acute illness stools of human volunteers who developed hepatitis following inoculation with the ms-1 strain of hav, as well as fro ...	1975	173599
somes aspects of the chimpanzee as a model for experimental atherosclerosis.		1975	173150
review of infectivity studies in nonhuman primates with virus-like particles associated with ms-1 hepatitis.	using the technique of immune electron microscopy we have conducted hepatitis a infectivity studies in marmoset monkeys and chimpanzees. marmosets inoculated with human serum containing the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus have developed hepatitis and seroconverted to 27 nm virus-like particles isolated from stools of humans in the early acute stages of hepatitis. similar results have been observed through several marmoset subpassages, and the virus-like particles have been recovered from the li ...	1975	171954
viral hepatitis: recent developments and prospects for prevention.	during the past decade new development in hepatitis research have shed new light on the etiologic, epidemiologic, immunologic, and prophylactic aspects of type a and b hepatitis virus infection. recent advances in hepatitis a virus research include: (1) identification of the virus as a 27 nm particle with characteristics resembling an enterovirus, (2) transmission of the infection to marmosets and chimpanzees, and (3) development of specific complement fixation and immune adherence antibody test ...	1975	171363
experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis a virus.	the susceptibility of chimpanzees to viral hepatitis type a was examined with immine electron microscopy. of four seronegative infant chimpanzees, two were inoculated with a hepatitis a acute-phase stool filtrate rich in 27 nm virus-like hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) particles, and two were inoculated with an ha ag-negative preinfection stool filtrate. one of each pair of chimpanzees was inoculated intravenously, the other orally. one month later both chimpanzees that had received the ha ag-positi ...	1975	171320
chromosome no. 1 of man and chimpanzee: identity of gene mapping for three loci: pph, pgm1, and pep-c.	cytogenetic and biochemical analysis of 10 independant chimpanzee-mouse cell hybrids and of 18 subclones of one of these showed that pph, pgm1 and pep-c are localized on the chimpanzee chromosome homologous to the human chromosome no. 1.	1975	170193
a comparative study on the presence of c-type viral particles in placentas from primates and other animals.	c-type particles are found in human, baboon, marmoset, rhesus, patas, and cynomolgus monkeys. a cebus monkey and two chimpanzee placentas have failed thus far to show the presence of these particles. of the nonprimate tissues examined one mouse and one guinea pig placenta were positive whereas a rabbit placenta was negative. variations in number of particles present in tissues as well as number of animals of a given species containing particles are noted. the isolation of foamyviruses from place ...	1975	169817
c-type viruses in chimpanzee (pan sp.) placentas.	c-type virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in placentas from 7 of 9 chimpanzees (pan sp.). these viruses were morphologically similar to those observed in placentas of other primates.	1975	169384
isolation and partial characterization of the major apolipoprotein component of bovine serum high density lipoprotein.	the delipidated protein component of bovine serum high density lipoprotein was fractionated by gel filtration on a sephadex g-150 column (equilibrated with buffer containing 6 m urea) into three fractions: i, ii and iii. fractions i and ii together constitute 88% of all the protein weight of bovine high density lipoprotein, whereas fraction iii accounts for the remaining 12%. analysis of the fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis reveals that fraction i consists mostl ...	1975	167837