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heat stress impairs performance and induces intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens infected with salmonella enteritidis.stressful situations reduce the welfare, production indices and immune status of chickens. salmonella spp. are a major zoonotic pathogens that annually cause over 1 billion infections worldwide. we therefore designed the current experiment to analyse the effects of 31±1°c heat stress (hs) (from 35 to 41 days) on performance parameters, salmonella invasion and small intestine integrity in broiler chickens infected with salmonella enteritidis. we observed that hs decreased body weight gain and fee ...201222900578
lipopolysaccharide prolongs action potential duration in hl-1 mouse cardiomyocytes.sepsis has deleterious effects on cardiac function including reduced contractility. we have shown previously that lipopolysaccharides (lps) directly affect hl-1 cardiac myocytes by inhibiting ca(2+) regulation and by impairing pacemaker "funny" current, i(f). we now explore further cellular mechanisms whereby lps inhibits excitability in hl-1 cells. lps (1 μg/ml) derived from salmonella enteritidis decreased rate of firing of spontaneous action potentials in hl-1 cells, and it increased their pa ...201222895260
salmonella aortitis treated with endovascular aortic repair: a case report.salmonella is a typical cause of aortitis, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. in infrarenal disease, besides open surgery, endovascular aortic repair as an alternative treatment has been reported. to the best of our knowledge, we report the first successful endovascular aortic repair documented by necropsy to date.201222894684
[protection against salmonella via immunization with recombinant lactic acid bacteria].mucosal immunization of hens may be effective to prevent contamination of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) in eggs. lactic acid bacteria have been considered potential vaccine delivery agents because they are safe, immunogenic, and inexpensive. our research group has been investigating the development of oral vaccines against se using a lactobacillus casei strain as an antigen delivery vehicle. recombinant lactobacilli expressing se antigens flic and sipc have been constructed and ad ...201222894061
investigation into the role of five salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis genomic islands in colonization of the chicken reproductive tract and other organs following oral challenge.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major cause of human gastrointestinal tract disease, infection being due in large part to the consumption of contaminated eggs. recent genome sequencing of s. enterica serovars has identified genomic islands, the presence of which differs between serovars. using defined mutants, we have investigated the contribution that five such loci play in the colonization of the avian reproductive tract, other organs and avian macrophages. all loci appear to play ...201222889182
[surveillance and analysis on the pathogenic features of salmonella in guangdong province in 2010].in order to better understand the nature of salmonella infection in diarrheal patients in guangdong province, the study analyzed the serum types, antibiotic resistance and molecular determinants of the isolated salmonella strains.201222883729
sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils.the microbiota of the intestinal tract plays an important role in colonic health, mediating many effects of dietary components on colonic health and during enteric infections. in the context of the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria, complementary therapies are required for the prevention and treatment of enteric infections. here we report the potential application of essential oils (eo) and pure eo compounds to improve human gut health. nerolidol, thymol, eugenol and ...201222878397
high pressure treatments on the inactivation of salmonella enteritidis and the characteristics of beef carpaccio.the effect of high pressure (hp) on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis in beef carpaccio stored under temperature abuse conditions (8 °c) during 30 days was investigated. after treatment, reductions of s. enteritidis were 3.68 and 5.94 log cfu/g in samples pressurized at 450 mpa for 5 and 10 min, respectively, whereas the pathogen was only detected after enrichment of samples treated at 450 mpa for 15 min. during storage, counts of s. enteritidis decreased 0.26 log cfu/g in ...201222863078
modulation of cell surface hydrophobicity and attachment of bacteria to abiotic surfaces and shrimp by malaysian herb extracts.the use of simple crude water extracts of common herbs to reduce bacterial attachment may be a cost-effective way to control bacterial foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. the ability of water extracts of three common malaysian herbs (andrographis paniculata, eurycoma longifolia, and garcinia atroviridis) to modulate hydrophobicity and attachment to surfaces of five food-related bacterial strains (bacillus cereus atcc 14576, escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aerugino ...201222856578
efficacy of soluble recombinant flic protein from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis as a potential vaccine candidate against homologous challenge in chickens.flic, the flagellin antigen of salmonella enteritidis, was tested as a vaccine candidate for protective effect against a homologous challenge in chickens. after immunization with recombinant flic (rflic) or administration of phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) at 56 days old, the chickens were challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units of salmonella enteritidis at 76 days old. the vaccinated birds showed significantly decreased bacterial counts in the liver and cecal contents compared to those admin ...201222856193
immune response to liposome-associated recombinant sef21 following oral immunization in chickens.in order to generate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis fimbriae antigens (rsef21), the intact region encoding sef21 was amplified from salmonella enteritidis by pcr and subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pet-28a(+) to yield pet-28a(+)-sef21. the rsef21 protein was highly expressed and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. liposomeassociated rsef21 was prepared for oral immunization to seek protective efficacy for intestinal infection with salmonella enteritidis. evidence ...201222856192
transmission and shedding patterns of salmonella in naturally infected captive wild roof rats (rattus rattus) from a salmonella-contaminated layer farm.rodents play a major role in the transmission and maintenance of salmonella contamination cycles in poultry facilities. however, very limited field data are available regarding the transmission routes, infection cycle, and shedding patterns of salmonella by naturally infected wild rodents from commercial layer farms. in this study, a total of 128 resident wild roof rats (rattus ratus) were captured from a salmonella-contaminated layer facility. all roof rats were divided into 51 laboratory cages ...201222856184
cpg oligonucleotides and recombinant interferon-γ in combination improve protection in chickens to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis challenge as an adjuvant component, but have no effect in reducing salmonella carriage in infected chickens.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is the most common cause of human salmonellosis in many developed nations. it is frequently associated with both poultry meat and eggs. in the present study we have determined whether cpg oligonucleotides that stimulate the immune system via toll like-receptors 15 and 21 in the chicken can be used as immunomodulatory agents to break carriage of s. enteritidis in in vitro and in vivo infection models. we also investigated its use as a component in an adjuva ...201222845324
epigenetic modification: possible approach to reduce salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis susceptibility under stress conditions.stressors may influence chicken susceptibility to pathogens such as salmonella enterica. feed withdrawal stress can cause changes in normal intestinal epithelial structure and may lead to increased attachment and colonization of salmonella. this study aimed to investigate modulatory effects of epigenetic modification by feed restriction on s. enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal stress. chicks were divided into four groups: ad libitum feeding ...201222834548
involvement of c-src tyrosine kinase upstream of class i phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinases in salmonella enteritidis rck protein-mediated invasion.the salmonella outer membrane protein rck mediates a zipper entry mechanism controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation and class i phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi 3-kinase). however, the underlying mechanism leading to this signaling cascade remains unclear. the present study showed that using rck-coated beads or rck-overexpressing escherichia coli, rck-mediated actin polymerization and invasion were blocked by pp2, a src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor. in addition, phosphorylation of src family ...201222810232
development of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for prt (rfbs) gene to improve the identification of salmonella serogroup d.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a promising nucleic acid assay for rapid and cost-effective detection of pathogen-specific sequences within a sample. development of an appropriate taxonomic group-specific lamp assay highly relies on the design of proper primers to cover all major members of the taxon. regarding this fact, we designed and evaluated a new lamp primer set specific to prt (rfbs) gene for rapid identification of salmonella serogroup d serotypes. unlike the previously ...201222806032
blood heat shock proteins evoked by some salmonella strains infection in ducks.bacterial heat-shock response is a global regulatory system required for effective adaptation to changes (stress) in the environment. an in vitro study was conducted to investigate the impact of a sublethal temperature (42°c) on heat shock protein (hsp) expression in 6 salmonella strains (salmonella enteritidis, s. typhimurium, s. virchow, s. shubra, s. haifa and s. eingedi). the 6 salmonella strains were isolated from the tissues of ducklings that had died from avian salmonellosis. to determine ...201222806021
numbers of salmonella recovered by sponge or low volume whole carcass rinse sampling of inoculated commercial turkey carcasses.processed turkey carcasses are sampled for salmonella via sponge sampling, whereas broilers are sampled via whole carcass rinses. because different sampling methods have been reported to produce different results, sponge sampling and whole carcass rinsing (wcr) were performed on turkey hen carcasses inoculated with a known amount of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. five turkey hen carcasses were collected from the shackle line in a commercial processing plant in ...201222802199
attachment of salmonella serovars and listeria monocytogenes to stainless steel and plastic conveyor belts.in poultry industry, cross-contamination due to processing equipment and contact surfaces is very common. this study examined the extent of bacterial attachment to 6 different types and design of conveyor belts: stainless steel-single loop, stainless steel-balance weave, polyurethane with mono-polyester fabric, acetal, polypropylene mesh top, and polypropylene. clean conveyor belts were immersed separately in either a cocktail of salmonella serovars (salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enterit ...201222802197
salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 outbreak associated with eggs in a large prison, london 2009: an investigation using cohort and case/non-case study methodology.in september 2009, an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis affected 327 of 1419 inmates at a london prison. we applied a cohort design using aggregated data from the kitchen about portions of food distributed, aligned this with individual food histories from 124 cases (18 confirmed, 106 probable) and deduced the exposures of those remaining well. results showed that prisoners eating egg cress rolls were 26 times more likely to be ill [risk ratio 25.7, 95% confidence interval (ci) ...201322800644
use of bacteriophage for biological control of salmonella enteritidis infection in chicken.bacteriophage φcj07 with broad host ranges for salmonella strains isolated from sewage effluent were used to reduce salmonella enteritidis (se) infection in chickens. one-day-old chicks challenged with 5×10(7) colony-forming units/bird of se were cohabitated with contact chicks and treated with three concentrations (10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) plaque forming units (pfu)/g) of bacteriophage prepared as a feed additive for 21days after challenge. salmonella in the intestine was quantified and environme ...201222795674
national surveillance of salmonella enteritidis in commercial eggs in japan.a total of 105 033 eggs were collected across japan from june 2010 to january 2011 and tested for salmonella enteritidis to provide data for the risk profiling of s. enteritidis in eggs by the food safety commission of japan. s. enteritidis isolates were recovered from three samples (20 eggs/sample) and these samples were different in regard to sampling period, grading and packaging centre and farm. the prevalence of s. enteritidis in commercial eggs in japan is estimated at ~0.003% which was a ...201322793254
gene expression analysis of toll-like receptor pathways in heterophils from genetic chicken lines that differ in their susceptibility to salmonella enteritidis.previously conducted studies using two chicken lines (a and b) show that line a birds have increased resistance to a number of bacterial and protozoan challenges and that heterophils isolated from line a birds are functionally more responsive. furthermore, when stimulated with toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists, heterophils from line a expressed a totally different cytokine and chemokine mrna expression pattern than heterophils from line b. a large-scale gene expression profile using an agilent 4 ...201222783275
significance of the bacteriophage treatment schedule in reducing salmonella colonization of poultry.salmonella remains the major cause of food-borne diseases worldwide, with chickens known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. among the many approaches to reducing salmonella colonization of broilers, bacteriophage offers several advantages. in this study, three bacteriophages (uab_phi20, uab_phi78, and uab_phi87) obtained from our collection that exhibited a broad host range against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were characte ...201222773654
bacterial tir-containing proteins and host innate immune system evasion.the innate immune system provides the first line of host defence against invading pathogens. key to upregulation of the innate immune response are toll-like receptors (tlrs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and trigger a signaling pathway culminating in the production of inflammatory mediators. central to this tlr signaling pathway are heterotypic protein-protein interactions mediated through toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domains found in both the cytoplasmic r ...201322772799
[parasitic and bacterial etiologies of diarrhea among people living with hiv hospitalized in fann hospital (senegal)].diarrhea is the most common opportunistic infection in aids. we conducted at the fann national university hospital in dakar, a study of all patients living with hiv, hospitalized in the the clinical service of infectious diseases from 1 january 2003 to december 31, 2006, with diarrhea and having received an bacteriological and / or a parasitological examination of stools. the aim of this study was to identify the various pathogens isolated in the laboratory and responsible for those diarrhea. in ...201122766136
a novel phage element of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis p125109 contributes to accelerated type iii secretion system 2-dependent early inflammation kinetics in a mouse colitis model.salmonella enterica subsp. i serovar enteritidis exhibits type iii secretion system 2 (ttss2)-dependent early colonization and inflammation kinetics faster than those of closely related s. enterica serovar typhimurium. to investigate the accelerated ttss-2-dependent pathogenic potential of s. enteritidis, we focused on its genome. results of a previously published comparative genomic study revealed the presence of mutually exclusive genes in both serovars. in this study, we investigated the role ...201222753379
salmonella enteritidis bacteremia with septic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and review of the literature.an 18-year-old female presented with a ten days history of high grade fever, chills and pain of the left sacroiliac joint. the patient has systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and is on chronic immunosuppressive therapy (steroids, antimalarial and antimetabolites). imaging of the left sacroiliac joint revealed inflammation. blood cultures and an aspirate of a small gluteal abscess that she developed later grew salmonella enteritidis resistant to nalidixic acid. the patient was treated conservative ...201222746014
epidural abscess due to salmonella enteritidis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.increased susceptibility to infection has long been observed among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and still represents a chief cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. this is due in part to the severity of infection and to the difficulty of early diagnosis owing to the similarity between sle flares and infection. epidural infection is an uncommon condition, and a most rare condition caused by salmonella, which accounts for a broad spectrum of human illnesses from gastroe ...201222736747
complete genomic sequence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage se2.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis has remained a major food-borne pathogen in humans. we isolated a virulent s. enterica serovar enteritidis bacteriophage, se2, which belongs to the family siphoviridae. phage se2 could lyse s. enterica serovar enteritidis pt-4, and its virulence was maintained even at ambient temperature. the genomic sequence of phage se2 was composed of 43,221 bp with close similarity to those of salmonella phage setp3 and salmonella phage ss3e. the strong and stable lyti ...201222733878
isolation and partial characterization of φsp-1, a salmonella specific lytic phage from intestinal content of broiler chicken.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a major causative agent of gastroenteritis with contaminated eggs and chicken meat being the major source of infection. phages are seriously being considered as a safe and cheaper alternative to antibiotics. the intestinal content of chicken was used as source for isolating phages. phage designated as φsp-1 was selected for the study. transmission electron microscopy (tem) of phage φsp-1 revealed that it belonged to family podoviridae. t ...201322733367
virulence and metabolic characteristics of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains with different sefd variants in hens.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is one of a few salmonella enterica serotypes that has sef14 fimbriae encoded by the sef operon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes, sefabcd, regulated by sefr. a parental strain was used to construct a sefd mutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. transcription of sefd by wild type was suppressed at 42°c and absent for the mutant under conditions where ...201222729535
identification of volatile components of liverwort (porella cordaeana) extracts using gc/ms-spme and their antimicrobial activity.chemical constituents of liverwort (porella cordaeana) extracts have been identified using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (spme-gc/ms). the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were rich in terpenoids such as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (53.12%, 51.68%, 23.16%), and monoterpene hydrocarbons (22.83%, 18.90%, 23.36%), respectively. the dominant compounds in the extracts were β-phellandrene (15.54%, 13.66%, 12.10%) and β-caryophyllene (10.72%, 8.29%, 7.79%, ...201222728370
campylobacter jejuni is highly susceptible to killing by chicken host defense peptide cathelicidin-2 and suppresses intestinal cathelicidin-2 expression in young broilers.little is known about the interactions of chicken host defense peptides (hdps) with campylobacter jejuni in young chicks. to examine the role of the chicken hdp, cathelicidin-2 (cath-2) in host-pathogen interactions we challenged 4-day-old ross 308 broilers with a chicken-derived c. jejuni isolate (ws356) and used the chicken pathogen salmonella enterica enteritidis phage type 4 (fgt1) as a reference. immunohistochemical staining was used to localize cath-2, c. jejuni and salmonella enteritidis. ...201222728124
rapid propidium monoazide pcr assay for the exclusive detection of viable enterobacteriaceae cells in pasteurized milk.pasteurized milk is a complex food and contains numerous pcr inhibitors and can often contain high levels of dead enterobacteriaceae cells, depending on the condition of food sanitation. usually, propidium monoazide (pma) or ethidium monoazide pcr techniques decrease the number of dead bacteria by up to 3.5 log to the associated dead bacteria with no treatment. however, this difference could be insufficient to completely inhibit dna amplification in the pcr from 10(6) cells of dead enterobacteri ...201222720921
severe infections caused by salmonella enteritidis pt8/7 linked to a private barbecue.a cohort study on a barbecue-associated salmonella outbreak was conducted to describe the burden of disease and to identify the outbreak vehicle. dose-response relationships were tested with fisher's exact and wilcoxon rank sum tests (alpha = 0·05). s. enteritidis isolates were cultured and phage-typed. information was available for 11 out of 14 individuals attending the barbecue; all were healthy young adults (median age 27 years). the attack rate was 100%. three cases were hospitalized and two ...201322717224
estimating the true incidence of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis in the european union, 2009.we estimated the true incidence of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis in the european union (eu) in 2009. the estimate was based on disease risks of returning swedish travellers, averaged over the years 2005-2009, and anchored to a dutch population-based study on incidence and aetiology of gastroenteritis. for the 27 eu member states the incidence of campylobacteriosis was about 9·2 (95% ci 2·8-23) million cases, while the incidence of salmonellosis was 6·2 (95% ci 1·0-19) million cases. only ...201322717051
potential international spread of multidrug-resistant invasive salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.in developing countries, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis causes substantial illness and death, and drug resistance is increasing. isolates from the united kingdom containing virulence-resistance plasmids were characterized. they mainly caused invasive infections in adults linked to africa. the common features in isolates from these continents indicate the role of human travel in their spread.201222709653
caprylic acid reduces salmonella enteritidis populations in various segments of digestive tract and internal organs of 3- and 6-week-old broiler chickens, therapeutically.we investigated the efficacy of feed supplemented with caprylic acid (ca), a natural, 8-carbon fatty acid for reducing salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in commercial broiler chickens. in separate 3- and 6-wk trials, 1-d-old straight-run broiler chicks (n = 70 birds/trial) were assigned to a control group (challenged with salmonella enteritidis, no ca) and 2 replicates of 0.7 and 1% ca (n = 14 birds/group). water and feed were provided ad libitum. on d 1, birds were tested for ...201222700516
salmonella pelvic osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child.a case of salmonella enteritidis osteomyelitis isolated from the pelvis in a healthy adolescent is reported. pelvis osteomyelitis is rare in childhood. moreover, salmonella, typically responsible for bone infection in sickle cell anaemia, is unusually involved in healthy children. salmonella should be considered among aetiological agents. antibiotic treatment alone may be successful; however, sometimes, surgical drainage is required.201122696722
screening of commercial and pecan shell-extracted liquid smoke agents as natural antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens.liquid smoke extracts have traditionally been used as flavoring agents, are known to possess antioxidant properties, and serve as natural alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. the antimicrobial efficacies of commercial liquid smoke samples may vary depending on their source and composition and the methods used to extract and concentrate the smoke. we investigated the mics of eight commercial liquid smoke samples against salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli . ...201222691487
[salmonellosis outbreaks and the size and role of the chilean state].during year 2011 two outbreaks of salmonella infection captured media attention in the metropolitan area (ma) in chile: one of typhoid fever associated to salmonella serotype typhi, and the other, of gastroenteritis related to salmonella serotype enteritidis, both with decreasing or stable rates in the previous years. the aim of this work is to analyze probable causes of their reemergence.201222689037
[clinical and epidemiological description of severe outbreak of foodborne infection by salmonella enteritidis].foodborne diseases have increased considerably.201222689025
characterization of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates recovered from blood and stool specimens in thailand.bacteremia due to salmonella spp. is a life-threatening condition and is commonly associated with immune compromise. a 2009 observational study estimated risk factors for the ten most common non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars isolated from thai patients between 2002-2007. in this study, 60.8% of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates (n = 1517) were recovered from blood specimens and infection with salmonella serovar enteritidis was a statistically significant risk factor for bact ...201222672324
antimicrobial activity of whey protein isolate edible films with essential oils against food spoilers and foodborne pathogens.the use of antimicrobial edible film is proposed as a means of improving food safety and extending the shelf-life of food systems by controlling the release of antimicrobials on food surfaces. in this work we first selected and studied 8 different essential oils (eos) from plants, namely, oregano, clove, tea tree, coriander, mastic thyme, laurel, rosemary, and sage as natural antimicrobials against 2 gram-positive bacteria (listeria innocua and staphylococcus aureus) and 2 gram-negative bacteria ...201222671770
[salmonella enteritidis bacteraemia as clinical onset of acquired immune deficiency syndrome].the case is presented of a 38 year-old patient who was admitted in the emergency department due to a severe acute respiratory failure and who was transferred to the critical care unit with a suspected initial diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia caused by an atypical microorganism, which was complicated with an acute respiratory distress syndrome. this was able to be treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation. at 48 hours after admission, the growth of gram negative bacilli in the blo ...201322657351
disclosure of the quackery: testing of the bactericidal action of products based on the "hydronic" technology ("informed glass") on atcc strains of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella enteritidis and candida albicans.to disclose a quackery called "revitalisation of tired water by hydronic technology", scientific experiments have been conducted with drinking water kept in "ordinary, everyday-use" drinking glasses and so-called 'informed' glasses, a patent-protected product supposed to have an effect on the "structure, vitality and memory of water". drinking "informed" water is claimed to have a wide range of positive revitalising health effects (blue informed glass), to facilitate weight loss (red informed gl ...201122654210
in vitro screening of lactobacilli isolated from chicken excreta to control salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium.1. the aim of this work was to select lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains from chicks and hens of egg-laying strains for potential use to control salmonellae. 2. nineteen lab strains obtained from culture collections, and 24 strains isolated from excreta of laying hens and chicks, were evaluated for inhibitory capacities against two salmonella serotypes using a "spot-the-lawn" technique and other in vitro properties that could be predictive of antimicrobial activity. 3. the size of the inhibition ...201222646783
investigation of the concurrent emergence of salmonella enteritidis in humans and poultry in british columbia, canada, 2008-2010.an increase in the rate of human infections with salmonella enteritidis (se) occurred between 2007 and 2010 in british columbia (bc). during the same time period, an increase in se from poultry-sourced isolates and increased clinical severity in poultry were also observed in bc. this article describes a multi-sectoral collaboration during a 3-year investigation, and the actions taken by public health and animal health professionals. human cases were interviewed, clusters were investigated, and a ...201222639971
effects of fructooligosaccharide-inulin on salmonella-killing and inflammatory gene expression in chicken macrophages.salmonella enteritidis (se) is one of the leading causes of food-borne salmonellosis, and macrophages play an essential role in eliminating this pathogen. among the interventions to improve salmonella clearance in chickens are the use of prebiotics and direct fed microbials (dfm) in animal feed as they have immunomodulatory effects. therefore, we tested the influence of a prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (fos)-inulin on the ability of the chicken macrophage hd11 cell line to phagocytose and kill ...201222627194
characterization of modular bacteriophage endolysins from myoviridae phages obp, 201φ2-1 and pvp-se1.peptidoglycan lytic enzymes (endolysins) induce bacterial host cell lysis in the late phase of the lytic bacteriophage replication cycle. endolysins obpgp279 (from pseudomonas fluorescens phage obp), pvp-se1gp146 (salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage pvp-se1) and 201φ2-1gp229 (pseudomonas chlororaphis phage 201φ2-1) all possess a modular structure with an n-terminal cell wall binding domain and a c-terminal catalytic domain, a unique property for endolysins with a gram-negative backgrou ...201222615864
the effects of sage extract feed supplementation on biochemical parameters, weight of internal organs and salmonella counts in chickens.we investigated the effects of dietary addition of sage extract on the biochemical parameters, weight of some body organs and changes in the counts of salmonella enteritidis pt4 (se) in experimentally infected chickens. the following diets were used: basal diet, basal diet with addition of an extract of salvia officinalis l. (s), basal diet and se, and basal diet and s and se (sse). compared to the se group, sage extract in the sse group decreased activities of alp and alt and concentrations of ...201222587934
high-intensity 405 nm light inactivation of listeria monocytogenes.the antimicrobial properties of light is an area of increasing interest. this study investigates the sensitivity of the significant foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes to selected wavelengths of visible light. results demonstrate that exposure to wavelength region 400-450 nm, at sufficiently high dose levels (750 j cm(-2)), induced complete inactivation of a 5 log(10) population. exposure to wavelengths longer than 450 nm did not cause significant inactivation. analysis of 10 nm bandwidths ...201222582879
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolated from meat and meat products in algiers (algeria).this study was conducted in order to estimate the proportion of raw meat and processed meat products contaminated by salmonella in the region of algiers, algeria, to identify serovars and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates. out of the total 314 samples (144 of raw red meat and meat products, 128 of raw poultry meat and poultry products, and 42 of processed meat products) collected from various retail outlets, 61 (19.43%) were tested positive for salmonella. the most s ...201222571639
effects of irradiation dose and o(2) and co(2) concentrations in packages on foodborne pathogenic bacteria and quality of ready-to-cook seasoned ground beef product (meatball) during refrigerated storage.combined effects of gamma irradiation and concentrations of o(2) (0, 5, 21%) and co(2) (0, 50%) on survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, listeria monocytogenes, lipid oxidation, and color changes in ready-to-cook seasoned ground beef (meatball) during refrigerated storage were investigated. ground beef seasoned with mixed spices was packaged in varying o(2) and co(2) levels and irradiated at 2 and 4 kgy. irradiation (4 kgy) caused about 6 log inactivation of the inoculate ...201222566763
[salmonella enteritidis is a rare cause of neck abscesses].a case of a neck abscess caused by salmonella enteritidis in a 48 year-old diabetic patient is presented. salmonella neck abscesses are rare and often occur in association with infection in other parts of the body. the condition is treated with drainage and antibiotics. it should be included in the differential diagnosis of abscesses of the head and neck - especially in immunosuppressed patients.201222564692
comparison of the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities.a comparison on the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities was investigated. out of 280 laying hens sampled from three commercial layer farms with high rodent densities, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was isolated from 20 (7.14%) hens and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) from three (1.07%) hens. in contrast, layer hens sampled from f ...201222545525
the epidemiology of travel-related salmonella enteritidis in ontario, canada, 2010-2011.increases in the number of salmonellosis cases due to salmonella enteritidis (se) in 2010 and 2011 prompted a public health investigation in ontario, canada. in this report, we describe the current epidemiology of travel-related (tr) se, compare demographics, symptoms and phage types (pts) of tr and domestically-acquired (da) cases, and estimate the odds of acquiring se by region of the world visited.201222537320
development of an antigen-capture monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and comparison with culture for detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in poultry hatchery environmental samples.an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for use as a presumptive screening test for detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other group d salmonella in poultry hatchery environments. a mixture of 2 monoclonal antibodies that recognize different forms of the lipopolysaccharide o-antigen was used for specific detection of group d salmonella. the performance of the elisa was evaluated in comparison to standard salmonella culture procedures. cultur ...201222529117
distribution of salmonella serovars and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enteritidis from poultry in zimbabwe.a study was carried out to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of salmonella serovars from chickens from large-scale commercial (lsc), small-scale commercial (ssc), and rural free-range (rfr) farms of zimbabwe. pooled cloacal swabs were collected for culture and isolation of salmonella spp. a chi-square test was used to assess distribution differences of salmonellas among the farming sectors. approximately 10% (283/2833) of the swabs were positive for salmonella ...201222515540
the extradomain a of fibronectin enhances the efficacy of lipopolysaccharide defective salmonella bacterins as vaccines in mice.the extradomain a from fibronectin (eda) has an immunomodulatory role as fusion protein with viral and tumor antigens, but its effect when administered with bacteria has not been assessed. here, we investigated the adjuvant effect of eda in mice immunizations against salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis). since lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major virulence factor and the lps o-polysaccharide (o-ps) is the immunodominant antigen in serological diagno ...201222515195
genetic analysis of multiple antimicrobial resistance in salmonella isolated from diseased broilers in egypt.to date, no information has been available on the molecular bases of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella spp. from poultry in egypt or even in africa. therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze, at the molecular level, the mechanisms of multidrug-resistance in isolates of salmonella recovered from diseased broilers in egypt. twenty-one salmonella isolates were identified; 13 of these isolates were salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and eight salmonella enterica serovar typhimu ...201222500933
antimicrobial resistance of 100 salmonella strains isolated from gallus gallus in 4 wilayas of algeria.this study aims at identifying serotypes and surveying the antimicrobial resistance and plasmid support of resistance of 100 salmonella strains, which were isolated from 96 out of 506 (18.97%) samples taken from different production farms in the wilayas (i.e., algerian states) of tizi-ouzou, bouira, bejaïa, and boumerdes in 2007. the highest percentage of salmonella (48%) was recorded in bouira. thirteen serotypes were identified among the 100 salmonella strains used in this study. the most prev ...201222499877
promoting crystallisation of the salmonella enteritidis fimbriae 14 pilin sefd using deuterium oxide.the use of heavy water (d(2)o) as a solvent is commonplace in many spectroscopic techniques for the study of biological macromolecules. a significant deuterium isotope effect exists where hydrogen-bonding is important, such as in protein stability, dynamics and assembly. here we illustrate the use of d(2)o in additive screening for the production of reproducible diffraction-quality crystals for the salmonella enteritidis fimbriae 14 (sef14) putative tip adhesin, sefd.201222497887
salmonella enterica induces joint inflammation and expression of interleukin-17 in draining lymph nodes early after onset of enterocolitis in mice.in developing countries, one-third of reactive arthritis (rea) cases are associated with salmonella enterocolitis; nevertheless, there is no animal model for studying this pathology. here we induced a self-limiting salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis enterocolitis in mice to analyze the onset of rea. balb/c mice received orally 20 μg of streptomycin 24 h before intragastric inoculation of a low dose (3 × 10(3) to 4 × 10(3) cfu) of s. enteritidis. in response to salmonella infection, a 30-fol ...201222493084
comparison of a real-time pcr method with a culture method for the detection of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in naturally contaminated environmental samples from integrated poultry houses.conventional culture methods have traditionally been considered the "gold standard" for the isolation and identification of foodborne bacterial pathogens. however, culture methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. a salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis-specific real-time pcr assay that recently received interim approval by the national poultry improvement plan for the detection of salmonella enteritidis was evaluated against a culture method that had also received interim national poul ...201222488064
[necrotizing fasciitis caused by salmonella enteritidis].a 73 year-old immunocompromised male was admitted to the intensive care unit with signs of necrotising fasciitis and septic shock. prompt surgery was performed. cultures showed salmonella enteritidis. relevant antibiotics were given in a course of 14 days. a few weeks later the patient had a relapse of fever. again blood cultures showed s. enteritidis. this case presents a rare manifestation of extraintestinal infection with s. enteritidis, and implicates the need for long-term antibiotic therap ...201222487410
development of a sequence typing scheme for differentiation of salmonella enteritidis strains.a dna sequence typing scheme based on the caic and sen0629 loci was developed for differentiation of salmonella enteritidis strains and validated using a diverse collection of 102 isolates representing 38 phage types from different sources, year of isolation, geographical locations and epidemiological backgrounds. caic encodes a probable crotonobetaine/carnitine-coa ligase, and sen0629 is a pseudogene. our system allowed for discrimination of 16 sequence types (sts) among the 102 isolates analys ...201222486191
hla-b27 modulates intracellular growth of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 mutants and production of cytokines in infected monocytic u937 cells.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 ks8822/88 replicates rapidly in hla-b27-transfected human monocytic u937 cells. in this process, salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) genes play a crucial role. our previous study indicated that 118 salmonella genes, including 8 spi-2 genes were affected by hla-b27 antigen during salmonella infection of u937 cells.201222470519
[antagonistic activity of lactobacilli of the colon].study of antagonistic activity of lactobacilli of the colon against members of its autochthonous bacterial flora and agents of some acute infectious and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.201222442970
dietary supplementation with ovine serum immunoglobulin attenuates acute effects on growth, organ weights, gut morphology and intestinal mucin production in the growing rat challenged with salmonella enteritidis.the aim was to determine the effect of orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulin (ig) on growth performance, organ weight, gut morphology and mucin production in the salmonella enteritidis--gavaged growing rat. four groups consisted of non-gavaged rats fed a casein-based control basal diet (bd) and three groups of rats gavaged with 1×10(7) cfu s. enteritidis and fed a casein-based diet, a diet containing freeze-dried ovine ig (fdoi) or a casein-based diet containing inactivated ovine ig (io ...201122440348
epigenetic modification of tlrs in leukocytes is associated with increased susceptibility to salmonella enteritidis in chickens.toll-like receptors (tlrs) signaling pathways are the first lines in defense against salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) infection but the molecular mechanism underlying susceptibility to s. enteritidis infection in chicken remains unclear. spf chickens injected with s. enteritidis were partitioned into two groups, one consisted of those from salmonella-susceptible chickens (died within 5 d after injection, n = 6), the other consisted of six salmonella-resistant chickens that survived for 15 ...201222438967
survival of salmonella in home-style mayonnaise and acid solutions as affected by acidulant type and preservatives.mayonnaise made from contaminated eggs has been linked to outbreaks of salmonella infections. this study was undertaken to determine the fate of salmonellae in home-style mayonnaise and acid solutions with or without chemical preservatives. egg yolks were inoculated with different levels of a three-serotype (typhimurium, heidelberg, and enteritidis [untypeable phage type]) mixture of salmonella or a three-phage-type (4, 8, and 13) mixture of salmonella enteritidis. the inoculated yolks were used ...201222410219
propylparaben sensitizes heat-resistant salmonella enteritidis and salmonella oranienburg to thermal inactivation in liquid egg albumen.propyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid (propylparaben [prpa]) is a phenolic antioxidant, known to occur in nature and used as a microbiostat in foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and medications. the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service (fsis) requires that liquid egg white (lew) be pasteurized at 56.7°c for 3.5 min. this study evaluated the effects of prpa on the pasteurization sensitivity of salmonella in lew. when lew (ph 7.8) was pasteurized under fsis conditions, ...201222410216
investigation of rpos and dps genes in sodium hypochlorite resistance of salmonella enteritidis se86 isolated from foodborne illness outbreaks in southern brazil.in rio grande do sul, southern brazil, salmonella enteritidis is one of the principal microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease. the present study was conducted to compare the sodium hypochlorite resistance of salmonella enteritidis se86 with that of other strains of salmonella enteritidis isolated from different regions of the world and to investigate the involvement of the rpos and dps genes in resistance to this disinfectant. we tested five salmonella enteritidis wild-type (wt) strains ...201222410215
loxoribine pretreatment reduces salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in 1-day-old chickens.young poultry exhibit a transient colonization by some food-borne pathogens, including salmonella, during the first week of life that stems from immature innate and acquired defense mechanisms. consequently, modulation of the hosts' natural immune response is emerging as an important area of interest for food animal producers, including the poultry industry. toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists have been shown to boost the innate immune response in young chickens and increase their resistance to co ...201222399745
an evaluation of the effect of sodium bisulfate as a feed additive on salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in experimentally infected broilers.the colonization of broiler chickens with salmonella can pose serious health and economic risks for both consumers and the poultry industry. because colonization with salmonella can lead to subsequent contamination of chicken carcasses during processing, preemptive control measures should include the reduction of this pathogen in chickens before slaughter. in this study, we evaluated the effect of sodium bisulfate, a potential antimicrobial feed additive, on salmonella colonization of experiment ...201222399744
cytokine signaling in splenic leukocytes from vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with salmonella enteritidis.in order to design a new salmonella enterica vaccine, one needs to understand how naive and immune chickens interact differently when exposed to s. enterica. in this study we therefore determined the immune response of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). using flow cytometry we showed that 4 days post infection (dpi), counts of cd4 and b-lymphocytes did not change, cd8 and γδ t-lymphocytes decreased and ...201222384225
sweet buttermilk intake reduces colonisation and translocation of listeria monocytogenes in rats by inhibiting mucosal pathogen adherence.the bovine milk fat globule membrane (mfgm) contains several antimicrobial components with proven efficacy in vitro, but in vivo evidence is scarce. the present study was performed to determine the efficacy of the bovine mfgm in vivo. rats were fed diets based on bovine skimmed milk powder (low in mfgm) or bovine sweet buttermilk powder (high in mfgm). after dietary adaptation, rats were orally infected with salmonella enteritidis or listeria monocytogenes. whereas sweet buttermilk powder did no ...201222370235
a selected probiotic strain of lactobacillus fermentum cm33 isolated from breast-fed infants as a potential source of β-galactosidase for prebiotic oligosaccharide synthesis.lactic acid bacteria from healthy breast-fed infants were isolated and screened for β-galactosidase production in mrs broth. among 49 isolates that exhibited the yellow clear zone on mrs agar supplemented with bromocresol blue, the isolate cm33 was selected as being the highest β-galactosidase producer and was identified as lactobacillus fermentum based on its morphological characteristics and 16s rdna nucleotide sequence. l. fermentum cm33 exhibited a good survival rate under the simulated stom ...201222367946
transfer of salmonella enteritidis to four types of surfaces after cleaning procedures and cross-contamination to tomatoes.the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the spread of salmonella enteritidis to different cutting boards (wood, triclosan-treated plastic, glass, and stainless steel) from contaminated poultry skin (5 log cfu/g) and then to tomatoes and to analyze the effect of different protocols used to clean these surfaces to control contamination. the following procedures were simulated: (1) no cleaning after handling contaminated poultry skin; (2) rinsing in running water; (3) cleaning with dis ...201222365360
inactivation of salmonella spp. in liquid whole egg using pulsed electric fields, heat, and additives.this paper evaluates the lethal effectiveness on 7 different salmonella serovars of the application, in static and continuous conditions, of pulsed electric fields (pef) followed by heat treatments in liquid whole egg (lwe) with additives (edta or triethyl citrate-tc-). compared to heat treatments, the pef (25 kv/cm and 75-100 kj/kg) followed by heat (52°c/3.5', 55°c/2', or 60°c/1') in lwe with 2% tc permitted the reduction of heat treatment time from 92 fold at 52°c to 3.4 fold at 60°c, and 4.8 ...201222365352
decreased colonization of chicks by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum expressing mannose-sensitive fimh adhesin from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.to investigate the role of non-hemagglutinating type 1 fimbriae in the pathogenesis of salmonella gallinarum, the isogenic mutant elaborating type 1 fimbriae with mannose-sensitive (ms) variant of the fimh adhesin from salmonella enteritidis and the mutant strain with no fimh expression were constructed. their binding to chicken leukocytes in vitro and invasiveness in 1-day-old chicks were studied. our results demonstrated that s. gallinarum type 1 fimbriae with an endogenous variant of the fimh ...201222364838
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 brazilian cities.to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. in frozen chicken carcasses at retail from 15 brazilian cities.201122358402
reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a rapid screening/monitoring tool for salmonella enterica detection in liquid whole eggs.reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) is a novel molecular detection method that is specific, fast, and simple. it is based on reverse transcription followed by dna amplification using the bst dna polymerase large fragment requiring one temperature and a simple waterbath, without the need for any expensive equipment. detection is by turbidity or agarose gel electrophoresis. our objective was to apply this lamp-based technology to rapidly and sensitively detect sa ...201222352954
screening for efflux pump systems of bacteria by the new acridine orange agar method.development of a non-toxic, fluorescent-based, agar system for the screening of overexpressed bacterial efflux pump systems with common, inexpensive uv accessories.201322351659
volatile organic compounds from centaurium erythraea rafn (croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil.gc and ms were used for the analysis of croatian centaurium erythraea rafn essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and headspace (applying headspace solid-phase microextraction). the headspace contained numerous monoterpene hydrocarbons (the major ones were terpinene-4-ol, methone, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and limonene). oxygenated monoterpenes were present in the headspace and oil, while 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate and verbenone were present only in the headspace. high headspace percentages ...201222349896
antimicrobial resistance profile and presence of class i integrongs among salmonella enterica serovars isolated from human clinical specimens in tehran, iran.salmonella is one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases. increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug-resistance, in salmonella serovars is a major public health problem worldwide. this study was carried out to detect class i integrons and antibiotic resistance profiles in clinical isolates of salmonella serovars collected from seven hospitals in tehran during november 2009 to june 2010.201122347592
fructooligosaccharides metabolism and effect on bacteriocin production in lactobacillus strains isolated from ensiled corn and molasses.fructo- (fos) and galacto-oligosaccharides have been used to promote the growth of probiotics, mainly those from lactobacillus genus. however, only few reports have evaluated the effect of prebiotics on bacteriocins activity and production. in this work, we characterized the effect of fos supplementation on the growth, lactic and acetic acids production, and antimicrobial activity of crude extracts obtained from lactobacillus strains isolated from ensiled corn and molasses. seven out of 28 isola ...201222342961
transgenerational transmission of anxiety induced by neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide: implications for male and female germ lines.neonatal lipopolysaccharide (lps) exposure increases anxiety-like behaviour and alters neuroendocrine responses to stress in adult rats. the current study assessed whether this anxiety-related phenotype observed in rats neonatally exposed to lps is transferable to subsequent generations. wistar rats were exposed to lps (0.05 mg/kg, salmonella enteritidis) or non-pyrogenic saline (equivolume) on postnatal days 3 and 5. in adulthood, animals were subjected to restraint and isolation stress or no s ...201222342246
effect of coffee filtrate, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and caffeine on salmonella typhimurium and s. enteritidis survival in ground chicken breasts.the antimicrobial effect of roasted coffee filtrate (cf) and dicarbonyls on salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis in raw ground chicken breast meat (gcb) was investigated. coffee was brewed and filtered before addition to gcb. coffee filtrate with and without added caffeine, methylglyoxal, and/or glyoxal was added to gcb and then inoculated with salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis. ground chicken samples were stomached with peptone water at days 1, 3, 5, and 7, plated o ...201222339548
high pressure treatments on the inactivation of salmonella enteritidis and the physicochemical, rheological and color characteristics of sliced vacuum-packaged dry-cured ham.the effect of high pressure (hp) on salmonella enteritidis in sliced dry-cured ham stored under temperature abuse (8°c) during 60d was investigated. after treatment, reductions of s. enteritidis were 1.06, 2.54 and 4.32 log units in ham treated at 400, 500 and 600mpa for 5min at 12°c, compared to non-pressurized samples. after 60d, counts of s. enteritidis in ham treated at 400 and 500mpa were 2.56 and 2.66 log units lower than in non-treated ham, whereas the pathogen was only detected after enr ...201222330945
reduction of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in 20-day-old broiler chickens by the plant-derived compounds trans-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol.the efficacies of trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc) and eugenol (eg) for reducing salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens were investigated. in three experiments for each compound, 1-day-old chicks (n = 75/experiment) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (n = 15/treatment group): negative control (-ve s. enteritidis, -ve tc, or eg), compound control (-ve s. enteritidis, +ve 0.75% [vol/wt] tc or 1% [vol/wt] eg), positive control (+ve s. enteritidis, -ve tc, or ...201222327574
antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of serbian red wines produced from international vitis vinifera grape varieties.antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of serbian red wines produced from different international vitis vinifera grape varieties and their correlation with contents of phenolic compounds were studied by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. the antioxidant activity of red wines was estimated through their ability to scavenge 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (dpph(•) ). the red wines, gallic acid, (+)-catechin and quercetin were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity ...201222318878
variation in salmonella enteritidis rapd-pcr patterns may not be due to genetic differences.salmonella enteritidis is a leading cause of gastroenteritis associated with consumption of contaminated poultry meat and eggs. because pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) has limited utility in distinguishing between clonal salmonella enteritidis isolates, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr has been recommended as an alternative molecular fingerprinting tool. this study's objective was to determine whether increasing pcr stringency would improve the repeatability of rapd dna patter ...201122312982
colonization of a marker and field strain of salmonella enteritidis and a marker strain of salmonella typhimurium in vancomycin-pretreated and nonpretreated laying hens.this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a vancomycin pretreatment on the ability of marker (nalidixic-acid resistant) salmonella enteritidis (se(m)), field salmonella enteritidis (se(e)), and marker salmonella typhimurium (st(m)) strains to colonize within the intestinal and reproductive tracts and translocate to other organs of leghorn laying hens. in each of three trials, caged laying hens (76, 26, and 33 wk ofage) were divided into six groups designated to receive se(m), se(f), ...201122312978
development of rna aptamers for detection of salmonella enteritidis.we developed and evaluated rna aptamers to analyze their potential for use in detecting salmonella enteritidis. the selected aptamer was observed to specifically bind to salmonella enteritidis without any cross-reactivity to other salmonella serovars. thus, this study suggests that aptamers specific to salmonella enteritidis have a high potential for use in presumptive presumptive screening methods or alternative serotyping methods.201222310030
salmonella enteritidis strains from poultry exhibit differential responses to acid stress, oxidative stress, and survival in the egg albumen.salmonella enteritidis is the major foodborne pathogen that is primarily transmitted by contaminated chicken meat and eggs. we recently demonstrated that salmonella enteritidis strains from poultry differ in their ability to invade human intestinal cells and cause disease in orally challenged mice. here we hypothesized that the differential virulence of salmonella enteritidis strains is due to the differential fitness in the adverse environments that may be encountered during infection in the ho ...201222304629
vaccination of chickens with salmonella pathogenicity island (spi) 1 and spi2 defective mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.in this study we were interested in the vaccine potential of two attenuated mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis for poultry. the first mutant was attenuated by the removal of the whole salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) and the second mutant was devoid of the whole spi2. these 2 mutants were used for oral vaccination of 2 chicken lines; lohmann brown and isa brown. chickens were vaccinated orally on day 1 of life, revaccinated on day 21 and challenged on day 42. the challeng ...201222300724
tentative colistin epidemiological cut-off value for salmonella spp.the objective of this research was to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) population distributions for colistin for salmonella on subtype level. furthermore, we wanted to determine if differences in mic for colistin could be explained by mutations in pmra or pmrb encoding proteins involved in processes that influence the binding of colistin to the cell membrane. during 2008-2011, 6,583 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates of human origin and 1931 isolates of animal/meat orig ...201222300222
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