Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| dielectric properties of the plasma membrane of cultured murine fibroblasts treated with a nonterpenoid extract of azadirachta indica seeds. | neem oil is a natural product obtained from the seeds of the tree azadirachta indica. in this report, we investigate the alterations of the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane caused by treatment with the nonterpenoid fraction of neem oil that we defined as methanolic extract (mex). the dose-response effect was evaluated and a mex-dependent cytoxicity evidenced. the effect of mex on the plasma membrane was studied by a well-established dielectric spectroscopy technique: electrorotation ... | 2007 | 17437145 |
| biological monitoring of roadside plants exposed to vehicular pollution in jalgaon city. | experiments on air and biomonitoring were conducted to evaluate pollution impact on the vegetation along the road in jalgaon city, maharashtra. the plantation along the roads and mainly includes neem (aadirachta indica), peepal (ficus religiosa), banyan (ficus benghalensis), almond (terminalia catapa). for biomonitoring, leaf area, total chlorophyll, plant protein were analyzed to study the impact of air pollutants. it was observed that vegetation at roadside with heavy traffic and markets was m ... | 2006 | 17436536 |
| purification of the seven tetranortriterpenoids in neem (azadirachta indica) seed by counter-current chromatography sequentially followed by isocratic preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | counter-current chromatography (ccc) sequentially followed by isocratic preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to isolate the seven bio-actives (azadirachtin a, azadirachtin b, azadirachtin h, desacetylnimbin, desacetylsalannin, nimbin and salannin) from the seed concentrate (nsc) of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss). reproducible, narrow polarity range, high purity fractions were obtained from repeated injections of the nsc (700 mg loadings/injection ... | 2007 | 17428489 |
| total phenol, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants. | phenols, a major group of antioxidant phytochemicals, have profound importance due to their biological and free radical scavenging activities. to identify their potential sources, extracts of some plants were studied for their total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant (aoa) and free radical scavenging activities (frsa) by different methods at multiple concentrations followed by specific phenolic composition. the amount of tpc varied from 2.8 mg/g (withania somnifera, roots) to 107.8 mg/g (cassia ... | 2007 | 17415953 |
| neem leaf preparation enhances th1 type immune response and anti-tumor immunity against breast tumor associated antigen. | an 85-kda breast tumor associated antigen (btaa) has been identified and partially characterized from human breast tumors. as btaa is poorly immunogenic, enhancement of the anti-tumor immunity induced by btaa is required to obtain an objective clinical response. the potent immune activation by an aqueous preparation of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf (nlp) suggests its possible utility for enhancing immune responses to tumor vaccines. mice (swiss and balb/c) and rats (sprague dawley) immunized wi ... | 2007 | 17394284 |
| the endophytic mycoflora of bark, leaf, and stem tissues of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) from varanasi (india). | a systematic study was made of the endophytes of azadirachta indica a. juss (the neem tree) growing in several of its natural habitats in india. a total of 233 isolates of endophytic fungi representing 18 fungal taxa were obtained from segments of bark, stem, and leaves of this tree. hyphomycetes (62.2%) were the most prevalent followed by the coelomycetes (27.4%) and mycelia sterilia (7.7%). as mathematically determined, the maximum species richness and frequency of colonization of endophytes a ... | 2007 | 17394041 |
| efficacy of neem products and insecticides for the control of shoot fly formosina flavipes mall. of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton.). | experiments were conducted at zonal agricultural research station, mudigere, india, for two years with an objective to study the population fluctuation, seasonal incidence and evaluation of neem products and insecticides for their efficacy against cardamom shoot fly. during the study period, it was noticed that shoot fly population the increased during the dry months (march, may and october) but was low from june to september months. the population exhibited a negative correlation with rainfall, ... | 2006 | 17385516 |
| fusarium semitectum, a potential mycopathogen against thrips and mites in chilli, capsicum annuum. | in india, chilli (capsicum annuum l.) suffers with a characteristic leaf curl symptoms due to the attack of mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) (acari: tarsonemidae) and thrips, scirtothrips dorsalis hood (thysanoptera: thripidae) or both. experiments were conducted in the fields of college of agriculture, shimoga, india during kharif (september 2003 to january 2004) and summer (march-june) 2004. after proving its pathogenicity, the potential of the mycopathogen, fusarium semitectum was eval ... | 2006 | 17385513 |
| behavioral responses of schistocerca americana (orthoptera: acrididae) to azadirex (neem)-treated host plants. | azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. less well known are the antifeedant properties. the feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (azatrol ec) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the american grasshopper, schistocerca americana (drury), and four host plants [savoy c ... | 2007 | 17370818 |
| identification of a putative azadirachtin-binding complex from drosophila kc167 cells. | cell-proliferation in drosophila kc167 cells was inhibited by 50% when cell cultures contained 1.7 x 10(-7) m azadirachtin for 48 h (a tertranortriterpenoid from the neem tree azadirachta indica). drosophila kc167 cells exhibited direct nuclear damage within 6-h exposure to azadirachtin (5 x 10(-7) m and above) or within 24 h when lower concentrations were used (1 x 10(-9) m). fractionation of an extract of drosophila kc167 cells combined with ligand overlay technique resulted in the identificat ... | 2007 | 17366600 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel powder retards urease and nitrification activities in different soils at contrasting moisture and temperature regimes. | a laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the potentiality of a natural resource neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel powder (nskp) to reduce the urease and nitrification activities in different soils (viz., normal, acid, and sodic) at contrasting moisture (1:1 soil to water and field capacity) and temperature regimes (10 degrees c and 37 degrees c). results have revealed that application of nskp with urea did not exhibit any urease inhibitory property in normal and sodic soils, but in a ... | 2008 | 17360179 |
| [use of neem extract in the control of acariasis by myobia musculi schranck (acari: miobidae) and myocoptes musculinus koch (acari: listrophoridae) in mice (mus musculus var. albina l.)]. | the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricide action of neem extract formulated as a pomatum in the treatment of acariasis in mice (mus musculus var. albina l.) naturally infected by myobia musculi schranck and myocoptes musculinus koch. twenty parasitized animals were chosen and distributed in four groups: control (vaseline), 5%, 10% and 20% of neem. the animals were treated at 48h intervals and maintained in cages with food and water ad libitum and accompanied daily for 24 days. the ... | 2006 | 17348141 |
| ethnopharmacological study of azadirachta indica. a conceptual evaluation. | 1986 | 17345518 | |
| immunomodulatory activity of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of azadirachta indica. | 1986 | 17345390 | |
| studies in the chemical constituents of azadirachta indica part ii: isolation and structure of the new triterpenoid azadirachtol. | a new triterpenoid named azadirachtol ( 1) has been isolated from the fruits of azadirachta indica juss. (neem) of which the structure is reported on the basis of chemical and spectral data. azadirachtol appears to be the first apo-tirucallol (apo-euphol) derivative possessing an eight carbons side-chain with an oxygenated ring system isolated from neem. moreover, it is the first instance of the isolation of an 11-hydroxy triterpenoid from any of the various parts of neem. | 1985 | 17345262 |
| effect of azadirachta indica leaf methanol extracts on stem cell reproduction. | methanol extracts of azadirachta indica leaves at concentration from 0.1 to 40 microg/ml showed in vitro an stimulatory activity in stem cell reproduction. these results suggest that the effect of methanol leaf extracts on stem cell reproduction could be of benefit to improve health. | 2007 | 17337134 |
| antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of azadirachta indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in india. | indigenous uses of azadirachta indica a. juss (maliaceae) (locally known as neem) leaves in different parts of india for curing gastrointestinal disorder such as diarrhea and cholera is wide spread. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antisecretory activity of neem extract against vibrio cholerae, a causative agent of watery diarrhea such as cholera. the methanol extract of neem leaf was tested for its antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity ... | 2007 | 17314018 |
| antibody response against neem leaf preparation recognizes carcinoembryonic antigen. | an immune serum generated in swiss mice against an aqueous preparation from neem leaf was reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and a peptide sequence derived from it. using elisa, we have demonstrated that cea reactive antibody titer (chiefly igg2a) was significantly decreased after absorption of the immune sera with cea. neem leaf preparation (nlp) generated immune sera was also reactive with cea in immunoblotting and cea reactive component in the nlp sera can be immunoprecipitated. ide ... | 2007 | 17276888 |
| non-terpenoidal constituents from azadirachta indica. | studies on the acidic fraction of the fresh, uncrushed twigs of azadirachta indica juss (meliaceae) (neem) have resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of one new and three unreported isocoumarins along with two unreported coumarins. the petroleum ether extract of the fresh leaves yielded a hydrocarbon fraction, the gc-ms of which led to the identification of eight saturated hydrocarbons. fatty acid compositions of leaves, twigs, and fruits of neem have also been determined. | 1988 | 17265315 |
| influence of physicochemical parameters of neem (azadirachta indica a juss) oils on nitrification inhibition in soil. | the technology for the production of neem oil coated urea (nocu) developed by the indian agricultural research institute is in the pipeline for adaption by several indian fertilizer industries. use of nitrification inhibitors is one of the methods of improving the nitrogen use efficiency (nue) of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture. however, standard specifications for the neem oil as a raw material of nocu are desired. accordingly, the present study was undertaken to evaluate 25 samples of n ... | 2007 | 17263551 |
| acute lethal and sublethal effects of neem leaf extract on the neotropical freshwater fish prochilodus lineatus. | the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of the aqueous extract of neem leaves, a product extensively used in fish-farms as alternative for the control of fish parasites and fish fry predators, for the neotropical fish prochilodus lineatus. the 24 h lc(50) of neem leaf extract for juveniles p. lineatus was estimated as 4.8 g l(-1); the fish were then exposed for 24 h to 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g l(-1) or only clean water (control). plasma glucose levels were higher in fish exposed to 2.5 g l ... | 2007 | 17251062 |
| tricyclic diterpenes from the stem bark of azadirachta indica. | two new diterpenoids, margosone and margosolone, have been isolated from the stem bark of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) and their structures established as 12,13-dihydroxy-14-isoporpylpodocarpa-8,11,13-trien-7-one and 13-hydroxy-12-methoxypodocarpa-8,11,13-trien-7-one, respectively, through chemical and spectroscopic studies. | 1990 | 17221373 |
| response and effect of two plant crude extracts on mosquito larvae culex pipiens. | the response and effect of two plant crude extract from dry damsissa (ambrosia maritima) and neem seeds (azadirachta indica) were tested against the first and third instar larvae of mosquito (culex pipiens). the results showed that both extracts had a larvicidal effect. neem seed extract was more toxic than damsissa extract against both the first and third instar larvae. in addition, the young larvae (first instar) were more susceptible to neem seeds than the old ones (third instar) as revealed ... | 1998 | 17217029 |
| bioactivity of neem, azadirachta indica, against spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata (hemiptera: cercopidae) on sugarcane. | the effect of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, on some biological parameters of mahanarva fimbriolata (stil) (hemiptera: cercopidae) was studied in the laboratory by using neemazal-t/s, nimkol-ls, and an aqueous neem seed extract. initially, the lc,, was estimated for nymphs. later, nymphs fed on sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., roots were sprayed with the respective lc,, for each product. the adults were maintained in cages on sugarcane plants sprayed at the base with the maximum rate reco ... | 2006 | 17195667 |
| effect of aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) leaves on offensive and diffensive gastric mucosal factors in rats. | standardized aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) leaves (aie) has been reported to show both ulcer protective and ulcer healing effects in normal as well as in diabetic rats. to study the mechanism of its ulcer protective/healing actions, effects of aie (500 mg/ kg) was studied on various parameters of offensive acid-pepsin secretion in 4 hr pylorus ligation, pentagastrin (penta, 5 microg/kg/hr)-stimulated acid secretion and gastric mucosal proton pump activity and defensive mucin secre ... | 2006 | 17193895 |
| residues and persistence of neem formulations on strawberry after field treatment. | azadirachtoids were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms) in five methanolic seed extracts of the neem tree and in a commercial formulation. on average, seed extracts contain azadirachtin a (10.9%), azadirachtin b (3.5%), nimbin (10.4%), and large quantities of salannin (19.0%). the composition of the commercial formulations may present different azadirachtoids contents depending on the natural extracts used in the preparation. because these compounds may also show insect ... | 2006 | 17177537 |
| patchy stomatal behavior in broad-leaved trees grown in different habitats. | effects of heterogeneity in stomatal behavior on gas-exchange characteristics of leaves from four tree species growing in different climates, including temperate, tropical monsoon and tropical rain forest, were investigated by combining gas-exchange measurements and the pressure-infiltration method. field observations indicated linear relationships between whole-leaf conductance and the ratio of infiltrated to non-infiltrated leaf area (open stomata area) in dipterocarpus sublamellatus foxw. and ... | 2006 | 17169896 |
| in vitro assessment of anti - cutaneous leishmaniasis activity of some sudanese plants. | examination of crude methanol extracts of four sudanese plants (azadirachta indica, acacia nilotica, balanites aegyptiaca and allium sativa) revealed that only three species had a considerable in-vitro anti-leishmanial activity on leishmania major promastigotes. the plants azadrachta indica, allium sativa, and acacia nilotica gave a lc50 of 10.2, 4.94, and 89.38 microg/ml, respectively. extracts of balanites aegyptiaca had a moderate biological activity on l major promastigotes. | 2005 | 17167733 |
| impact of azadirachtin, an insecticidal allelochemical from neem on soil microflora, enzyme and respiratory activities. | the effect of 10% azadirachtin granules (alcoholic extract of neem seed kernel mixed with china clay) was studied on the population of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, azotobacter and nitrifying bacteria; soil dehydrogenase, phosphatase and respiratory activities on 0, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days after application in sandy loam soil collected from the fields. it was observed that baring the azotobacter sp., azadirachtin at all the doses exerted a suppressive effect on the rest of the microbial ... | 2007 | 17166716 |
| antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines after treatment with nimbolide extracted from an edible part of the neem tree (azadirachta indica). | nimbolide, a triterpenoid extracted from the flowers of the neem tree (azadirachta indica), was found to have antiproliferative activity against some cancer cell lines. treatment of cells with 0.5-5.0 microm concentrations of nimbolide resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition in u937, hl-60, thp1 and b16 cell lines. flow cytometric analysis of u937 cells showed that nimbolide treatment (1-2.5 microm) resulted in cell cycle disruption by decreasing the number of cells in g0/g1 phase, ... | 2007 | 17163581 |
| impact of the botanical insecticide neem azal on survival and reproduction of the biting louse damalinia limbata on angora goats. | secondary metabolites present in the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss, meliaceae), exhibit a wide range of biological activities in insects. however, few studies have been undertaken to assess the potential of neem products as insecticides for the control of ectoparasites of domestic animals. this study was undertaken to estimate the efficacy of neem azal, an azadirachtin-rich extract of neem seeds, in controlling damalinia limbata (phthiraptera) louse infestation of angora goats. the study ... | 2007 | 17161539 |
| a new tetracyclic triterpenoid from the leaves of azadirachta indica. | a new tetracyclic triterpenoid zeeshanol [25,26,27-trinor-apotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-, 21-dihydroxy, 7alpha-acetoxy, 1,14,22-tri-en-3, 16-dione] (1) along with a known constituent desfurano-6alpha-hydroxyazadiradione (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of azadirachta indica. the structure and the relative configurations of 1 were determined by the spectroscopic method (1h- and 13c-nmr, ir, and ms) and 2d-nmr experiments. | 2006 | 17127654 |
| the toxic effects of neem extract and azadirachtin on the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (bph) (homoptera: delphacidae). | extracts of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. the effects of different neem extracts (aqueous (nskeaq), ethanol (nskeeth) and hexane (nskehex)) on mortality, survival and weight of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (bph) (homoptera: delphacidae) third and fourth nymphal instars were investigated. when fed rice plants treated with neem derivatives in bioassays, the survival of bph ... | 2007 | 17113126 |
| enhanced production of azadirachtin by hairy root cultures of azadirachta indica a. juss by elicitation and media optimization. | azadirachtin is one of the most potent biopesticides so far developed from a plant sources. influence of different culture media and elicitation on growth and production of azadirachtin by hairy root cultures of azadirachta indica was studied. out of the three media tested, namely ohyama and nitsch, gamborg's and murashige and skoog's basal media, hairy roots cultured on ohyama and nitsch's basal medium produced maximum yield of azadirachtin (0.0166% dry weight, dw). addition of biotic elicitor ... | 2007 | 17109981 |
| clinical investigation of hypoglycemic effect of seeds of azadirachta-inidca in type-2 (niddm) diabetes mellitus. | the present study was designed to investigate clinically the hypoglycemic effect of seeds of azadirachta indica in type-2 diabetes mellitus. after assaying fasting plasma and urinary glucose, 10 patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus with no previous medication, 10 patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus taking oral hypoglycemic agents with history of inadequate control and six control subjects were given low (0.5 g tid) and high (2 g tid) doses of powdered part, aqueous extract and alcoholic extract ... | 2006 | 17105712 |
| repellency of mygga natural spray (para-menthane-3,8-diol) and rb86 (neem oil) against the tick ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in the field in east-central sweden. | in the field in south-central sweden, we tested by randomised, standardised methodology the potential anti-tick repellent activity of two concentrations of mygga natural spray (containing pmd) (4.2 and 3.2 g/m2) and one of rb86 (with 70% neem oil containing azadirachtin) (3 g/m2) to host seeking nymphs of ixodes ricinus. each substance was applied separately to 1 m2 cotton flannel cloths. nymphal ticks on the cloths, pulled over the vegetation, were recorded at 10-m stops. nymphal numbers record ... | 2006 | 17103083 |
| effects of a neem extract on blood feeding, oviposition and oocyte ultrastructure in anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | secondary metabolites of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss., meliaceae) exhibit a wide range of biological activities in insects. however, few studies have addressed the effects of neem extracts or compounds in arthropods of medical importance. in this study, a laboratory strain of anopheles stephensi was used to assess the effects of a commercial formulation (neem azal) (na)), containing azadirachtin a at 34%, on blood feeding, oviposition and oocyte ultrastructure. oral administration ... | 2006 | 17097701 |
| antimicrobial emulsion (coating) based on biopolymer containing neem (melia azardichta) and turmeric (curcuma longa) extract for wound covering. | polymeric bio-adhesives emulsion which is biodegradable and non-toxic containing antimicrobial agents can play an important role in preventing infection in wound covering and coating for surgical implants. therefore a bioadhesive polymer was synthesized by semi-interpenetrating network process using blend of shellac, casein and polyvinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride (ma) as reactive compatibilizer. the synthesized polymer was mixed with neem and turmeric extract and homogenized using an emulsifi ... | 2006 | 17075168 |
| [toxicity of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) formulations for twospotted spider mite and euseius alatus de leon and phytoseiulus macropilis (banks) (acari: phytoseiidae)]. | the toxicity of selected commercial formulations of neem on tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) and two predatory mites euseius alatus de leon and phytoseiulus macropilis (banks) was studied. topical toxicity was tested with the commercial formulations (natuneem, neemseto and callneem) and extract of neem's seeds at concentration 1%, compared to the standard acaricide abamectin at concentration of 0.3 ml/l and the control treatment (distilled water). based on the best performance aga ... | 2006 | 17061799 |
| antioxidative and modifying effects of a tropical plant azadirachta indica (neem) on azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon. | the purpose of the present study was to examine whether neem leaf (azadirachta indica) has short-term chemopreventive effects on endpoint preneoplastic lesions involved in rat colon carcinogenesis and might also exert antioxidative activity. forty- two male f344 rats were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups. groups 1 to 4 were given a subcutaneous injection of azoxymethane (aom, 20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks. starting one week before the first injection of aom, rats in gr ... | 2006 | 17059347 |
| daily feeding of fresh neem leaves (azadirachta indica) for worm control in sheep. | this study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of neem (azadirachta indica) on nematode parasites of sheep. twelve santa ines cross bred sheep from a government farm were randomly selected and equally divided into control (n = 6) and treated groups (n =6). faecal egg counts (fec) using the modified mcmaster technique and the famacha score for assessing clinical anaemia were carried out daily and recorded for 6 weeks. at the end of the study all the animals were slaughtered and the ... | 2006 | 17041548 |
| biodiversity, biopiracy and benefits: what allegations of biopiracy tell us about intellectual property. | this paper examines the concept of biopiracy, which initially emerged to challenge various aspects of the regime for intellectual property rights (ipr) in living organisms, as well as related aspects pertaining to the ownership and apportioning of benefits from 'genetic resources' derived from the world's biodiversity. this paper proposes that we take the allegation of biopiracy seriously due to the impact it has as an intervention which indexes a number of different, yet interrelated, problemat ... | 2006 | 17038007 |
| inhibition of aflatoxin b production of aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products. | the inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, captan, leaf powder of withania somnifera, hyptis suaveolens, eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of citrus sinensis, citrus medica and punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger on aflatoxin b(1) production by toxigenic strain of aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated. | 2006 | 17032218 |
| chemopreventative strategies targeting the mgmt repair protein: augmented expression in human lymphocytes and tumor cells by ethanolic and aqueous extracts of several indian medicinal plants. | o6-alkylguanines are potent mutagenic, pro-carcinogenic and cytotoxic lesions induced by exogenous and endogenous alkylating agents. a facilitated elimination of these lesions by increasing the activity of o6-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (mgmt) is likely to be a beneficial chemoprevention strategy, which, however, has not been examined. because, a marginal enhancement of this protein may be adequate for genomic protection, we studied alterations in mgmt activity and expression in human pe ... | 2006 | 17016661 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation induces prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma in swiss and c57bl/6 mice by activation of nk cells and nk-t cells. | we have reported earlier that pretreatment of mice with neem leaf preparation (nlp) causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich's carcinoma (ec) and b16 melanoma. using adoptive cell transfer technology, here we have established that nlp-mediated activation of immune cells may be involved in tumor growth restriction. mononuclear cells from blood and spleen of nlp-activated swiss and c57bl/6 mice causes enhanced cytotoxicity to murine ec cells in vitro. fractionation of spleen cells e ... | 2006 | 17015147 |
| expression of pcna, cytokeratin, bcl-2 and p53 during chemoprevention of hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by ethanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract. | to evaluate the effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis associated proteins during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. | 2006 | 16989797 |
| identification and partial characterization of a highly active and stable phospholipase d from brassica juncea seeds. | phospholipase d (pld) activity has been identified in some new plant sources i.e. brassica juncea (mustard) seeds, zingibar officinale (ginger) rhizomes and azadirachta indica (neem) leaves with the aim of identifying plds that possess high catalytic activity and stability. pld from mustard seeds (pld(ms)) exhibited the highest pld specific activity, which was highly ph and temperature tolerant. pld(ms) unlike many plant plds exhibited high thermal stability. the activity of pld(ms) is optimum i ... | 2007 | 16949665 |
| native kenyan plants as possible alternatives to methyl bromide in soil fumigation. | methyl bromide (ch3br) is a biocidal fumigant used widely in crop production and commodity preservation worldwide. ch3br escapes to the stratosphere and releases bromine atom (br), which contributes to significant destruction of the ozone (o3). it is therefore necessary to explore alternatives to ch3br that are environmentally safe and suitable for resource-poor african farmers. we present here the results of a study on the inhibitory activity of crude extracts from kenyan medicinal plants again ... | 2006 | 16920513 |
| preventive effects of azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-dna adduct formation in murine forestomach and hepatic tissues. | in the present investigation, the effects of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) on (3)h-benzo(a)pyrene-dna [(3)h-b(a)p-dna] adduct formation, the status of biotransformation enzymes and reduced glutathione (gsh) content were evaluated in the forestomach and liver of balb/c mice. two weeks of aaile treatment reduced the (3)h-b(a)p-dna adduct levels by 31.6% in forestomach tissue. similarly, (3)h-b(a)p-dna adduct levels were decreased by 34.7% in the liver of aaile treated mice compar ... | 2006 | 16909440 |
| efficacy of neem seed extract shampoo on head lice of naturally infected humans in egypt. | sixty heavily lice-infested male and female children (4-15 years) were selected and subjected to the treatment with a neem seed extract shampoo. twenty to thirty milliliter of the shampoo were thoroughly mixed with completely wet hair and rubbed in to reach the skin of the scalp. after 5, 10, 15 and 30 min, the shampoo was washed out and the hair basically combed. head lice were collected and examined. the neem seed extract shampoo proved to be highly effective against all stages of head lice. n ... | 2007 | 16900389 |
| neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) components: candidates for the control of crinipellis perniciosa and phytophthora ssp. | witches' broom and pod rot are the two most devastating diseases of cocoa in south america and africa, respectively. their control by means of phytosanitation and chemical fungicides is labor-intensive, costly and, in many cases, environmentally undesirable. therefore efforts are made in order to identify alternative, environmentally safe and cost-efficient methods for the control of these pathogens. promising candidates are components of the neem tree (azadirachta indica), that have been used f ... | 2007 | 16872817 |
| inhibition of colon cancer (ht-29) cell proliferation by a triterpenoid isolated from azadirachta indica is accompanied by cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of p21. | nimbolide, a natural triterpenoid present in the edible parts of the neem tree ( azadirachta indica), was found to be growth-inhibitory in human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. nimbolide treatment of cells at 2.5 - 10 microm resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition. flow cytometric analysis of ht-29 cells showed that nimbolide treatment (2.5 microm, 12 h) caused a 6.5-fold increase in the number of cells (55.6 %) in the g2/m phase compared with the control cells (8.8 %). at 48 h, the c ... | 2006 | 16858664 |
| effective method for extraction of larvicidal component from leaves of azadirachta indica and artemisia annua linn. | leaves of artemisia annua linn. and azadirachta indica were extracted in petroleum ether and hexane respectively by different methods of extraction i.e. cold extraction, reflux extraction and soxhlet extraction. the crude extract obtained was tested against third instar larvae of anopheles stephensi. on comparison of larval mortality of crude extract obtained by these three methods, both soxhlet and reflux extraction method showed 100% mortality at 200 ppm after 48 hr in case of a. annua. howeve ... | 2006 | 16850885 |
| pretreatment with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation in swiss mice diminishes leukopenia and enhances the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. | cancer chemotherapy is associated with several life threatening complications, including bone marrow suppression and leucopenia. to overcome this problem, colony stimulating factor (csf), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (gcsf) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gmcsf), can be used, however, these therapeutics are expensive and have several disadvantages, including tumor growth promoting activities. this study attempted to use an immunostimulatory neem (azadirachta indica ... | 2006 | 16807877 |
| synthesis and biological activity of amide derivatives of nimbolide. | nimbolide (1), a limonoid isolated from azadirachta indica, is the chief cytotoxic principle in neem leaves extract. using nimbolide as a lead compound for anti-cancer analogue design, a series of nimbolide derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines. out of 10 compounds screened 2g, 2h and 2i showed potent activity. | 2006 | 16793266 |
| synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel isomeric c-seco limonoids. | attempts to cleave the c-ring in the bioactive limonoids characteristic of the species azadirachta indica a. juss using bf(3) x oet(2) and (c(4)h(9))(4)nbr resulted in novel isomeric c-seco limonoids. structure related cytotoxic properties of the isomers and the native compounds have been studied using brine shrimp lethality bioassay (bslb) method and molecular descriptors viz., theoretical and chromatographic hydrophobicity constants, oxidation state and molecular modelling studies. the o-o dia ... | 2006 | 16782238 |
| evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as solar protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l). | commercial formulations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella l., granulovirus (cpgv) are limited by their short residual activity under orchard conditions in the pacific northwest. we evaluated spray-dried lignin-encapsulated formulations of cpgv for improved solar stability based on laboratory bioassays with a solar simulator and in field tests in an infested apple orchard. in laboratory tests, aqueous lignin formulations containing a high dosage of 3 x 10(10) occlusion bodies (ob)/l, with and ... | 2006 | 16774766 |
| soil application of azadirachtin and 3-tigloyl-azadirachtol to control western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae): translocation and persistence in bean plants. | to study the systemic effects of active neem ingredients, the substrate of bean plants was treated with a 170 g kg(-1) azadirachtin (neemazal-u; trifolio-m gmbh, lahnau, germany, registration pending). this product was used at a dose rate of 10 mg aza (azadirachtin a) and 1.2 mg 3-tigloyl-azadirachtol (azadirachtin b) per treated bean plant. afterwards, the translocation and persistence of aza and 3-tigloyl-azadirachtol and the effects on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergan ... | 2006 | 16752388 |
| scabies. | scabies is a neglected parasitic disease that is a major public health problem in many resource-poor regions. it causes substantial morbidity from secondary infections and post-infective complications such as acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. disease control requires treatment of the affected individual and all people they have been in contact with, but is often hampered by inappropriate or delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and improper use of topical compounds such as per ... | 2006 | 16731272 |
| an inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintics in the southern punjab (pakistan). | a survey was conducted in southern punjab, pakistan, in order to document existing ethnobotanical knowledge by the herdsmen/key respondents about anthelmintics in ruminants. a 3-satge process was used to document the plants being used to treat and/or control helminthes. this paper describes 29 plants to treat helminthosis in ruminants. the main plants used were lamium amplexicaule l., mallotus philippinensis muell., withania somnifera (l.) dunal., azadirachta indica a. juss., and citrullus coloc ... | 2006 | 16730420 |
| in vitro screening of six anthelmintic plant products against larval haemonchus contortus with a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay. | because of the increasing anthelmintic resistance and the impact of conventional anthelmintics on the environment, it is important to look for alternative strategies against gastrointestinal nematodes. phytotherapy could be one of the major options to control these pathologies. extracts or ingredients of six different plant species were tested against exsheathed infective larvae of haemonchus contortus using a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (mtt) reduction assay. pyrantel tartrate was use ... | 2006 | 16725288 |
| modulatory effects of azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in mice. | to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of aqueous azadirachta indica (a indica) leaf extract (aaile) against benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in balb/c mice. | 2006 | 16718763 |
| fungal endophyte assemblages from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees. | endophytic fungi represent an interesting group of microorganisms associated with the healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. they represent a large reservoir of genetic diversity. fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark segments of ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal tree species, namely terminalia arjuna, crataeva magna, azadirachta indica, holarrhena antidysenterica, terminalia chebula, and butea monosperma (11 individual trees), growing in different regions of southern india ... | 2006 | 16699567 |
| prophylactic dose of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation restricting murine tumor growth is nontoxic, hematostimulatory and immunostimulatory. | significant restriction of growth of ehrlich's carcinoma was observed following prophylactic treatment on swiss albino mice with neem leaf preparation (nlp-1 unit) once weekly for four weeks. toxic effects of this particular dose (1 unit), along with 0.5 unit and 2 units of nlp doses, were evaluated on different murine physiological systems. one hundred percent of mice could tolerate 4 injections of 0.5 and 1 unit nlp doses. body weight, different organ-body weight ratios and physical behavior o ... | 2006 | 16684666 |
| cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects induced by a non terpenoid polar extract of a. indica seeds on 3t6 murine fibroblasts in culture. | neem oil is a natural product obtained from the seeds of the tree azadirachta indica. its composition is very complex and the oil exhibits a number of biological activities. the most studied component is the terpenoid azadirachtin which is used for its insecticidal and putative antimicrobial properties. in this report we investigate the biological activity of partially purified components of the oil obtained from a. indica. we show that the semi-purified fractions have moderate to strong cytotox ... | 2006 | 16652209 |
| comparison of free radical scavenging activity of siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) leaf extracts prepared by different methods of extraction. | the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves of siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) from several extracting and drying methods using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph)-scavenging assay. | 2006 | 16651839 |
| protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on dmba-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice. the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei, the extent of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the status of antioxidants-reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. in dmba-treated mice, the increases in micronuclei an ... | 2005 | 16635967 |
| enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract (azadirachta indica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in balb/c-mice. | an aqueous plant extract from azadirachta indica and its chromatographic fraction f1 (neem extract) exerted immunomodulating and antimetastatic activities in balb/ c-mice. regular subcutaneous administration of neem extract yielded significantly increased spleen weight and significant enhancement of peritoneal macrophage activity in the chemiluminescence assay, and activation marker cd-44 expression. the thymus weight and thymocyte counts did not show significant differences in the control and n ... | 2006 | 16634526 |
| extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces apoptosis in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. | to determine whether aqueous neem leaf extract (nle) could induce degeneration of rat oocytes and, if so, whether apoptosis is involved during nle-induced degeneration of oocytes cultured in vitro. | 2006 | 16616096 |
| interspecific variation in vessel size, growth and drought tolerance of broad-leaved trees in semi-arid regions of kenya. | in semi-arid regions, trees often wither during the dry season. withering is sometimes manifest as die-back, whereby whithering results in shoot death, which progresses downward from the uppermost part of the crown. in this study, we measured the relationships between height growth and diameter at breast height, die-back frequency and severity, vessel size and specific hydraulic conductivity of four evergreen (senna siamea (lamk) h.s. irwin & barneby, jacaranda mimosifolia d. don, azadirachta in ... | 2006 | 16585035 |
| a new shampoo based on neem (azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro. | because topical compounds based on insecticidal chemicals are the mainstay of head lice treatment, but resistance is increasing, alternatives, such as herbs and oils are being sold to treat head lice. to test a commercial shampoo based on seed extract of azadirachta indica (neem tree) for its in vitro effect, head lice (n=17) were collected from school children in australia and immersed in wash-away louse shampoo (alpha-biocare gmbh, germany). vitality was evaluated for more than 3 h by examinat ... | 2006 | 16568334 |
| impact of botanical pesticides derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica plants on the emission of volatiles that attract parasitoids of the diamondback moth to cabbage plants. | herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use chemical information from plants during foraging. aqueous leaf extracts from the syringa tree melia azedarach and commercial formulations from the neem tree azadirachta indica, neemix 4.5, were investigated for their impact on the flight response of two parasitoids, cotesia plutellae and diadromus collaris. cotesia plutellae was attracted only to plutella xylostella-infested cabbage plants in a wind tunnel after an oviposition experience. female c. plut ... | 2006 | 16555134 |
| anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in meru and kilifi districts of kenya. | the methanol and aqueous extracts of 10 plant species (acacia nilotica, azadirachta indica, carissa edulis, fagaropsis angolensis, harrissonia abyssinica, myrica salicifolia, neoboutonia macrocalyx, strychnos heningsii, withania somnifera and zanthoxylum usambarensis) used to treat malaria in meru and kilifi districts, kenya, were tested for brine shrimp lethality and in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 ... | 2006 | 16530996 |
| behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. | ingestion of the bacterial toxins bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) sub sp kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and vitex negundo l. (lamiales:verbenaceae) leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf-folding behaviour and biology. in laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of c. medinalis. larvae fed lower doses moulted into progressive instars, b ... | 2006 | 16524618 |
| screening of traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of mauritius for possible alpha-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro. | in this study, seven exotic/indigenous medicinal plants of mauritius, namely coix lacryma-jobi (poaceae), aegle marmelos (rutaceae), artocarpus heterophyllus (moraceae), vangueria madagascariensis (rubiaceae), azadirachta indica (meliaceae), eriobotrya japonica (rosaceae) and syzigium cumini (myrtaceae) were studied for possible effects on starch breakdown by alpha-amylase in vitro. the results showed that only artocarpus heterophyllus significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited alpha-amylase activity in ... | 2006 | 16521114 |
| chemomodulatory effects of azadirachta indica on the hepatic status of skin tumor bearing mice. | the liver plays an important role in the modulation of the process of carcinogenesis, as it is the primary site for the biotransformation of xenobiotics including carcinogens as well as anticancer drugs. the present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical alterations occurring in the liver of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) induced skin tumor bearing male balb/c mice and their modulation by aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile). it was observed that skin tumor induction ca ... | 2006 | 16521106 |
| anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica a. juss against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. | gastrointestinal nematode control has been performed through use of anthelmintics. however, the development of resistant populations has required research into new alternatives. there are popular reports about anti-parasitic activity of azadirachta indica in animals and plants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of a. indica after feeding sheep with the dried leaves. in this experiment, 40 sheep were allotted into four treatment groups. group i received a treatment o ... | 2006 | 16517074 |
| balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. | in wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. with great significant importance of inm (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and re ... | 2005 | 16512219 |
| prediction of desiccation sensitivity in seeds of woody species: a probabilistic model based on two seed traits and 104 species. | seed desiccation sensitivity limits the ex situ conservation of up to 47 % of plant species, dependent on habitat. whilst desirable, empirically determining desiccation tolerance levels in seeds of all species is unrealistic. a probabilistic model for the rapid identification of woody species at high risk of displaying seed desiccation sensitivity is presented. | 2006 | 16464874 |
| comparative efficacy of annona squamosa linn. and pongamia glabra vent. to azadirachta indica a. juss against mosquitoes. | 2005 | 16457387 | |
| inhibitory effects of azadirachta indica on dmba-induced skin carcinogenesis in balb/c mice. | male balb/c mice were divided into four groups on the basis of their respective treatments wherein mice of group i served as controls. for induction of skin tumors, mice of group ii and iv were injected sub-cutaneously with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba). mice of group iii and iv were administered aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) thrice a week throughout the experiment. after 14 weeks of the first dmba injection, group ii and iv mice developed tumors. in the tumor-bearing m ... | 2006 | 16444585 |
| ethanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract induces apoptosis in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model by modulation of bcl-2, bim, caspase 8 and caspase 3. | induction of apoptosis is one of the most active strategies in cancer chemoprevention and the ability of medicinal plants in this regard has attracted major research interest. the present study was designed to investigate the apoptosis inducing capacity of an ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis using the apoptosis-associated proteins bcl-2, bim, caspase 8 and caspase 3 as markers. topical application of dmba ... | 2005 | 16436003 |
| fractions of an antimalarial neem-leaf extract have activities superior to chloroquine, and are gametocytocidal. | the antimalarial activities of two fractions (irdn-a and irdn-b) of an extract from the leaves of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) were compared with those of chloroquine, in in-vitro assays against plasmodium falciparum. the asexual stages of a chloroquine-sensitive clone (itg2f6) and a chloroquine-resistant isolate (w2) and the gametocytes of the nf 54 (bd-7) isolate of p. falciparum were used as the drug targets. activity against the asexual stages was generally evaluated as the concentrati ... | 2006 | 16417709 |
| determination of toxicity of danitol, methoprene and neem formulation against stored grain pest, sitophilus oryzae l. | toxicity of a synthetic pyrethroid (danitol 10 e.c.), methoprene (j.h.a.) and crude neem extract formulation (rb-b +pbo +tx) in synergestic form was determined in laboratory by contact method against adults of sitophilus oryzae. observations after 24 hours of treatment showed that 50% of the adults died at 0.39 mu/cm(2) of danitol, 6.28 mug/cm(2) of neem formulation and 18.85 mug/cm(2) of methoprene, the three products used in this experiment. danitol was found more effective as compared to neem ... | 1992 | 16414717 |
| toxicity of crude neem extracts (n-4) and (n-9) against late 2nd instar larvae of musca domestica l. (pcsir strain). | the ld50 of crude neem extract (n-4) and (n-9) was found to be 4.80% and 0.47%, respectively. the range of mortality was found to be increasing (at 95% confidence limit) with increase in concentration of solution. | 1991 | 16414685 |
| toxicity and igr effect of two new neem products against aedes aegypti (pcsir strain). | crude extract and isolated compounds from neem, azadirachta indica and melia azedarach (meliaceae) are being tested in various countries. the present study deals with the effect of two new compounds and their parent fraction from the fresh winter neem leaves, isolated by siddiqui et. al., 1986. the lc50 of nfd is 0.58 ppm, nimocinolide 0.625 ppm and isonimocinolide 0.47 ppm. abnormal larvae, pupae and intermediates were also found. | 1991 | 16414684 |
| effect of aqueous extract from neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion in composite resin by candida albicans. | azadirachta indica, a meliaceae family tree, has been used in india for many years in the treatment of several diseases in medicine and dentistry. current research analyses the effects of the leaf aqueous extract from azadirachta indica (neem) on the adhesion, cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation, which may affect the colonisation by candida albicans. | 2006 | 16412377 |
| a new flavanoid from the flowers of azadirachta indica. | studies on the chemical constituents of the flowers of azadirachta indica have led to the isolation of one new flavanone named as azharone (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(3''-methyl-2'',3''-epoxybutyl)flavan-4-one (3)) along with two known constituents azadirone (1), and isoazadironolide (2). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2d-nmr (cosy-45, noesy, j-resolved, hmqc, hmbc) experiments. | 2006 | 16401554 |
| neem seed extract containing azadirachtin affects mortality, growth, and immunological function in the whipscorpion mastigoproctus giganteus (lucas) (arachnida, uropygi). | 2005 | 16400548 | |
| anticancer effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on prostate cancer cell line (pc-3). | prostate cancer (pc) is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of male cancer death. azadirachta indica (neem tree) has been used successfully centuries to reduce tumors by herbalists throughout southeast asia. here the present study indicated that an ethanolic extract of neem has been shown to cause cell death of prostate cancer cells (pc-3) by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in dna fragmentation and a decrease in cell viability. western blot studies indica ... | 2006 | 16378700 |
| effects of neem leaf volatiles on submerged cultures of aflatoxigenic aspergillus parasiticus. | microbe-free compressed air was passed continuously for a 3-day test period through an enclosed system containing fresh neem leaves; the resultant emitted volatiles were passed over the surface of submerged liquid cultures of a wild-type aflatoxigenic isolate of aspergillus parasiticus. aflatoxin determinations for the fungal culture that received neem-derived volatiles, after a 3-day incubation period, resulted in a 90% overall reduction in aflatoxin production and a 51% reduction in fungal bio ... | 1994 | 16349404 |
| larvicidal activity of a neem tree extract (neemarin) against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran. | an insecticide containing azadirachtin, a neem tree (azadirachta indica) extract, was tested against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran under laboratory and field conditions. lc50 and lc90 values for neemarin were 0.35 and 1.81 mg/l for anopheles stephensi, the main local malaria vector, and 0.69 and 3.18 mg/l for culex quinquefasciatus. the mortality in the pupal stage was significantly higher than the other stages. in field trials, using recommended dosages of 1 and 2 l/hectare, m ... | 2004 | 16335649 |
| botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. | botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. the body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical ... | 2006 | 16332203 |
| effect of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica on the reproductive organs in male mice. | effect of oral administration (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, for 28 days) of aqucous leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) on the male reproductive organs of the parkes (p) strain mice was investigated. the treatment had no effect on body weight and the reproductive organs weight. in treated mice, testes showed both normal and affected seminiferous tubules in the same sections; the affected seminiferous tubules showed intraepithelial vacuolation, loosening of germinal epithelium, m ... | 2005 | 16313072 |
| evaluation of ash from some tropical plants of nigeria for the control of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. on wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | eleven ash samples, from organs of nine tropical plants, were screened for their abilities to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of a nigerian isolate of sclerotium rolfsii on agar and in the soil. ten ash samples showed some activity against mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ash samples from delonix regia stem wood, mangifera indica leaf and vernonia amygdalina leaf were most effective as each totally inhibited mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ocimum gratissimum lea ... | 1998 | 16284852 |
| nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men: a systematic review. | nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men may have advantages over hormonal methods. the nonhormonal methods can have more rapid onset and less interference with androgen-dependent functions. this systematic review summarizes the clinical studies evaluating nonhormonal drugs administered to men for contraception. relevant clinical results were found for gossypol, which is derived from the cotton plant, and for extracts of tripterygium, a plant used in chinese traditional medicine. randomized, c ... | 2005 | 16250923 |
| quinone reductase inducers in azadirachta indica a. juss flowers, and their mechanisms of action. | we have previously shown that the flowers of neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss, family meliaceae), thai variety, strongly induced the activity of glutathione s-transferase (gst) while resulting in a significant reduction in the activities of some cytochrome p(450)-dependent monooxygenases in rat liver, and possess cancer chemopreventive potential against chemically-induced mammary gland and liver carcinogenesis in rats. in the present study, 2 chemicals possessing strong qr inducing activity ... | 2005 | 16235984 |
| necessity of a two-stage process for the production of azadirachtin-related limonoids in suspension cultures of azadirachta indica. | the effect of major nutrients on growth and azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) production in plant cell culture of azadirachta indica (neem) was studied with the objective to increase the yield of azrl, one of the major group of pesticidal compounds found in intact neem trees. we report the novel online monitoring of plant cell respiration activities in a new parallel shake flask measuring device. results obtained using three standard plant cell culture media showed non-growth-associated prod ... | 2003 | 16233477 |
| concurrent administration of aqueous azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract with doca-salt prevents the development of hypertension and accompanying electrocardiogram changes in the rat. | the effect of concurrent administration of azadirachta indica leaf extract with doca-salt was investigated in the development of hypertension.over 5-6 week old, inbred male wistar rats with a starting weight of 190 g were given either: (1) twice weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of vehicle (soyabean oil, 0.25 ml per animal) for the first 2 weeks, plus normal drinking water (controls); (2) twice weekly (s.c.) injections (weeks 1 and 2 only) of 15 mg/kg doca dissolved in vehicle, plus drinking ... | 2005 | 16220573 |
| ultrastructural changes in leydig cells and cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by azadirachta indica leaves in albino rats. | the effects of azadirachta indica leaves (500 mg/kg body weight, orally/day), testosterone (0.25 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscularly) and a combination of these two were investigated as to whether azadirachta indica leaves affect the morphology of leydig cells and epididymal sperm and their organelles at the ultrastructural level. azadirachta indica treated rats showed atrophic seminiferous tubules with widening intercellular spaces. leydig cells exhibited characteristics of degeneration such ... | 2005 | 16220567 |