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evaluation of plasma (1-->3) beta-d-glucan concentrations in birds naturally and experimentally infected with aspergillus fumigatus.avian aspergillosis, most often caused by aspergillus fumigatus, is a common and devastating disease affecting a range of bird species. early diagnosis is difficult and often unreliable. the current study evaluated the utility of measuring (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan (bg) concentrations in avian plasma samples to aid in the diagnosis of aspergillosis. we evaluated a commercially available bg assay (fungitell, beacon diagnostics) using 178 plasma samples from naturally infected, experimentally infected ...201222545545
distribution and metabolism of selenite and selenomethionine in the japanese quail.compared to the many studies on the physiological and toxicological effects of selenium (se) in mammals, avian se metabolism is still an unexplored topic. some birds are useful as poultry for human nutrition. moreover, birds belong to higher trophic levels in the biosphere and thus may play an important role in se circulation in the ecosystem in the same way as mammals do. in this study, we analyzed the distribution and metabolism of se in an experimental bird, the japanese quail, which was fed ...201222526144
melatonin affects the temporal pattern of vocal signatures in birds.in humans and other animals, melatonin is involved in the control of circadian biological rhythms. here, we show that melatonin affects the temporal pattern of behavioral sequences in a noncircadian manner. the zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata) song and the crow of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) are courtship vocalizations composed of a stereotyped sequence of syllables. the zebra finch song is learned from conspecifics during infancy, whereas the japanese quail crow develops normally wi ...201222506964
sodium levels for japanese quail at initial phases.the aim of this research was to determine the nutritional requirements of sodium for japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during the periods of 1 to 21 d and 22 to 40 d of age, as well as to evaluate the residual effect on egg production and densitometry bone traits from 41 to 63 d. two experiments were developed. experiment 1: 360 japanese quail were used, from 1 to 21 d of age. treatments consisted of 5 sodium levels (0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30%). experiment 2: 240 japanese quail ...201222499870
quantitative hplc of pigments of irregularly coloured eggshells: application to aliquots of powdered shell from quail.twelve quail eggshells from farmed coturnix coturnix japonica were separately ground to fine powder and two aliquots of each (average weights 13.86 mg and 51.90 mg) were extracted with formic acid. biliverdin (38-284 pmol/mg) and protoporphyrin (841-1666 pmol/mg) were measured by hplc. there was good agreement between the values for the corresponding samples and with those for two entire eggshells from the same source. the preparation of a homogenate as a powder from heterogeneously pigmented eg ...201222495788
relative sensitivities of japanese quail to foreign red blood cell challenges for immunotoxicity testing.given evidence that the immune system is sensitive to environmental contaminants, evaluating immunocompetence in toxicology studies is increasingly important. by incorporating a test of humoral response into controlled reproductive and developmental studies, more comprehensive results can be gathered to assess the potential for disease. the foreign red blood cells (rbc) challenge is a minimally invasive method for evaluating humoral responses to a foreign antigen. typically, antibody response is ...201222480169
in ovo exposure to nonylphenol and bisphenol a resulted in dose-independent feminization of male gonads in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) embryos.sex reversal effects of nonylphenol and bisphenol a on the gonads in f(1) (awe × we) japanese quail (coturnix japonica) embryos were investigated using an in vivo screening model developed previously. the f(1) (awe × we) japanese quail are a useful avian model because sex differentiation is confirmed by the plumage color before hatching, ruled by a criss-cross inheritance. the nonylphenol at 200, 2,000, 20,000, and 200,000 ng/egg and bisphenol a at 20, 200, 2,000, and 20,000 ng/egg were injected ...201222447559
mucuna pruriens seed powder feeding influences reproductive conditions and development in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.this study was designed to test whether mucuna pruriens, a natural source of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa, a dopamine precursor) feeding, can influence development and reproductive conditions in the high food value bird, japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. experiments were performed in both male and female japanese quail. one-week-old quail chicks were divided into three groups of 36 birds each. group i was provided with normal diet and served as control. group ii was provided with f ...200922444229
effects of the usage of dried brewing yeast in the diets on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters in quails.this experiment was carried out to determine the effects of the usage of dried brewing yeast in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. a total of 240 japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 10 weeks were randomly allocated into one control group and three treatment groups. each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, comprising 12 quails each. dried brewing yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used at the levels of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% in the di ...200822444084
melamine residues in eggs of quails fed on diets containing different levels of melamine.1. an experiment was conducted to determine residual melamine concentrations in eggs of quail given diets containing different concentrations of melamine, and to estimate the time at which withdrawing melamine from the diet would result in undetectable concentrations in eggs. a total of 600 japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly divided into 5 treatments, and given melamine at concentrations of 0, 2, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg diet respectively for 30 d. from d 31 to 41, all quail ...201222404806
effects of propolis on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability, and chick performance in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs.propolis is a sticky resin produced by worker honeybees from substances collected from plants, and it has strong antibacterial and antifungal properties. the purpose of this study was to establish the effects of propolis on egg weight loss, hatchability, chick performance, and to control microbial activity naturally occurring on eggshells. a total of 750 fresh eggs was randomly divided into 5 groups. eggs from the first group were sprayed with ethyl alcohol (70%, a), the second group was sprayed ...201222399742
supercritical fluid extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography of respiratory quinones for microbial community analysis in environmental and biological samples.microbial community structure plays a significant role in environmental assessment and animal health management. the development of a superior analytical strategy for the characterization of microbial community structure is an ongoing challenge. in this study, we developed an effective supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (uplc) method for the analysis of bacterial respiratory quinones (rq) in environmental and biological samples. rq profile analysis i ...201222391598
cryptosporidium spp. in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) in henan, china: molecular characterization and public health significance.the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in scale quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) farms in henan province, china between september 2006 and august 2007. one thousand eight hundred and eighteen fecal samples from 47 quail farms in five areas were collected for the examination of cryptosporidium oocysts. the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium was 13.1% (95% ci 13.1±1.6%) (29 of 47 farms), with 72-100-day-old quails having the highest prevalence (23.6%, 95% ci 23.6±2.6%) (χ(2)= ...201222377447
effect of mothering on the spatial exploratory behavior of quail chicks.previous maternal deprivation experiments demonstrated that absence of maternal care impacts the behavioral development of young animals. here we assessed the influence of the presence of a mothering hen on the spatial exploration of japanese quail chicks, after the mothering period. brooded and nonbrooded chicks were placed in a novel environment containing feeding troughs. the distribution of chicks and their inter-individual distances were measured during repeated tests. brooded chicks exhibi ...201322362163
development and mineralization of embryonic avian scleral ossicles.to investigate the development and mineralization of avian scleral ossicles using fluorescence microscopy in combination with field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (eds).201222355246
effects of ultrasonic treatment on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability, tibia mineral content, and chick performance in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs.the purpose of this study was to establish the effects of ultrasonic treatment of eggs on egg weight loss, hatchability, tibia mineral content, chick performance, and eggshell microbial activity. a total of 600 fresh eggs was randomly divided into 5 groups. treatments were no ultrasound, 35 khz for 5 min, 35 khz for 10 min, 35 khz for 15 min, and eggs sprayed with benzalkonium chloride solution at 0.02% (negative control). the eggshell microbial activity was reduced significantly at all ultrason ...201222334750
fecal corticosterone metabolites and plasma corticosterone in japanese quail selected for low or high plasma corticosterone responses to brief restraint.fecal corticosterone metabolites and plasma corticosterone in japanese quail selected for low- or high-plasma corticosterone responses to brief mechanical restraint (low- and high-stress lines), and in a line of unselected quail, were measured in this study. no line differences were observed in baseline plasma corticosterone concentrations, but fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations and daily fecal corticosterone metabolite production were 20% higher in quail of the high-stress line than ...201222326490
[dynamics of calcium utilization for skeleton formation in japanese quail embryos under the microgravity condition].tibia and femur osteogenesis was studied in embryonic lower limbs developed in microgravity. the maximal difference in ash content of shell in the flight and control groups was registered on days 4, 10 and 14 amounting to 10.27; 9.56 and 12.95% respectively. shell analysis for calcium showed the largest difference between the groups on day 4 (8.94 mg). however, this difference was not seen already on days 14 and 16. hence, according to the results of the investigation, although shell calcium uti ...201322312863
age, photoperiod and estrogen dependent variations in the shell gland and the expression of avt in the ovary of japanese quail.present work was undertaken to describe (i) age dependent (prepuberal-3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks old, puberal and actively laying 8 and 12 weeks old and aged 78 weeks old) (ii) photoperiodic response dependent (photosensitive and photorefractory) and sex steroid dependent (estradiol benzoate and its antagonist tamoxifen treated) variation in the ovary and shell gland activity of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). further, in view of the role of neurohypophysial peptide arginine vasotocin (avt ...201222310162
dietary wolffia arrhiza meal as a substitute for soybean meal: its effects on the productive performance and egg quality of laying japanese quails.wolffia arrhiza meal (wam) was evaluated as a protein replacement for soybean meal (sbm) in the diet of laying japanese quails. a total of 480 4-week-old laying quails were randomly allocated to form six groups in a completely randomized design. each group contained four replicates, with 20 quails per replicate. wam was incorporated into the diets at levels of 0, 4.00, 8.00, 12.0, 16.0 and 20.0%. the results showed that feed intake per bird per day, daily egg-laying rate, feed cost per 100 egg w ...201222297423
sequence and in vitro function of chicken, ring-necked pheasant, and japanese quail ahr1 predict in vivo sensitivity to dioxins.there are large differences in sensitivity to the toxic and biochemical effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (dlcs) among vertebrates. previously, we demonstrated that the difference in sensitivity between domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and common tern (sterna hirundo) to aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1)-dependent changes in gene expression following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is based upon the identities of the amino acids at two sites within t ...201222296185
the role of the male cloacal gland in reproductive success in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).the adult male japanese quail has a well developed cloacal gland that produces meringue-like white foam. the physiological significance of the cloacal gland and its foam is still unclear. therefore, we conducted two experiments to establish the functional role of the cloacal gland and its foam in natural mating and oviducal sperm transport. in the first experiment, artificial insemination of equal numbers of spermatozoa diluted in foam extract and normal saline once in a week were used to determ ...201222281087
growth and innate immunity are not limited by selection for high egg testosterone content in japanese quail.the effects of maternal androgens on fitness-related traits of offspring are generally assumed to be epigenetic adaptations to the environment that may be encountered by the next generation. possible constraints of high yolk androgen transfer are still not understood, although a suppressed immune response in offspring is frequently considered. the aim of our study was to examine the innate immune defence in high (het) and low egg testosterone (let) lines of japanese quail, which differ in the ho ...201222279068
gsm 900 mhz microwave radiation affects embryo development of japanese quails.a wide range of non thermal biological effects of microwave radiation (mw) was revealed during the last decades. a number of reports showed evident hazardous effects of mw on embryo development in chicken. in this study, we aimed at elucidating the effects of mw emitted by a commercial model of gsm 900 mhz cell phone on embryo development in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) during both short and prolonged exposure. for that, fresh fertilized eggs were irradiated during the first 38 h or 14 da ...201222268787
combined effects of aflatoxin b1 and corticosterone treatment on selected performance indices and liver histopathology in japanese quail.animal feed may be contaminated with different mycotoxins, with aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) being a very common and toxic compound. considering that birds normally have to cope with different stressful situations at the same time, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of feed contamination with afb(1) in combination with corticosterone treatment in drinking water (a model to induce physiological stress in birds) on selected performance indices: bw, feed conversion, egg production, and macro ...201222252348
hormonal organization and activation: evolutionary implications and questions.comparative endocrinology is a fascinating field of science in part because it addresses both ultimate and proximate causation. research on sexual dimorphism and sexual differentiation has excellent potential for this kind of integration. vertebrate comparative endocrinologists have made many important discoveries about the role of genes and sex steroid hormones in the organization and activation of sexually differentiated behavior, brain function, anatomy and physiology. in addition to taxonomi ...201222248442
carotenoid supplementation and gnrh challenges influence female endocrine physiology, immune function, and egg-yolk characteristics in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).androgens and carotenoids circulating in plasma affect the physiology and behavior of vertebrates. much is known about control mechanisms and functions of each of these substances, yet their interactive effects are not well understood. here we examine possible additive, multiplicative, and interactive effects of testosterone and carotenoids on female endocrine physiology, immunocompetence, and investment in eggs by simultaneously manipulating levels of testosterone [via gonadotropin releasing ho ...201222237302
induction of cytochrome p4501a by highly purified hexachlorobenzene in primary cultures of ring-necked pheasant and japanese quail embryo hepatocytes.primary cultures of ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus) and japanese quail (coturnix japonica) embryo hepatocytes were used to compare the potencies of highly purified hexachlorobenzne (hcb-p), reagent-grade hcb (rg-hcb) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) as inducers of ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity, cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a4) messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) and cyp1a5 mrna. hcb-p, rg-hcb and tcdd all induced erod activity and up-regulated cyp1a4 and cyp1a5 mr ...201222227438
changes in plasma gonadotrophins, testosterone, prolactin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) of a heavy body weight line during photo-induced testicular growth and regression.1. simultaneous changes of cloacal gland area (cga) and plasma luteinising hormone (lh), follicle stimulating hormone (fsh), testosterone (t), prolactin (prl), thyroxine (t(4)) and triiodothyronine (t(3)) during photo-induced testicular growth and regression were measured in commercially bred japanese quail from a heavy body weight line. 2. somatically mature male japanese quail were transferred from short days (light:dark 8l:16d) at 10°c, to long days (16l:8d) at 20°c; and sexually mature male ...201122221245
inheritance of plumage colour variations in a large flock of japanese quail.1. the inheritance of various plumage colour variants and their underlying interactions were investigated in a large flock of japanese quail maintained at cari (india) by conducting reciprocal crosses between four breeding stocks inheriting pharaoh, white breasted, white and brown plumages, followed by test crosses. 2. based on the proportion of plumage-colour types in the progeny, putative genotypes were determined for parents and offspring for each of the crosses. 3. the white and brown phenot ...201122221234
phytosterol additive boosts adrenal response to acth in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).to investigate the adrenal effect of a phytosterol (ps) additive, 80 male japanese quail were divided into four sub-groups and fed 0, 40, 400, and 4,000 ppm of ps, respectively, for 21 days. subsequently, 50% of the birds from each dosage group were subjected to a 6-day adrenal function test, whereby they were injected with long-lasting adrenocorticotropin (acth). the remaining quail in each ps dosage group were raised under normal conditions. the groups receiving 400 and 4000 ppm ps exhibited d ...201222212440
Validation of a disease model in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with the use of Escherichia coli serogroup O2 isolated from a turkey.This study established a disease model and protocol for bacterial challenge with Escherichia coli serogroup O2 strain EC317 in Japanese quail. Five groups of 10 birds each were injected subcutaneously in the breast with 200 µL of a brain-heart infusion (BHI) culture containing 1 × 10(8), 1 × 10(7), 1 × 10(6), 1 × 10(5), or 1 × 10(4) colony-forming units/mL of the test organism, which had been isolated from a turkey with cellulitis and septicemia. Birds in a 6th group were controls that received ...201122210992
Effect of polymorphism in egg white lysozyme on muramidase and antibacterial activities as well as hatchability in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).Lysozyme is one of the best characterized antimicrobial proteins in egg white. Three phenotypes of egg white lysozyme in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, (namely F, FS, and S) were observed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fast (F) phenotype showed faster mobility on Acid-PAGE than the slow (S) phenotype. Comparison of the coding sequences for lysozyme derived from the S and F phenotypes revealed a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at nucleotide position 115 fro ...201122205671
production of donor-derived offspring after ovarian transplantation between muscovy (cairina moschata) and pekin (anas platyrhynchos) ducks.transplantation of ovarian tissue between different breeds of chickens or japanese quail can result in normal egg production and give rise to donor-derived offspring with a high frequency. the feasibility of interspecific ovarian transplantation was evaluated by transplanting ovarian tissue from muscovy ducks to pekin ducks just after hatch, with subsequent treatment of the recipients with an immunosuppressant. among the 8 mature pekin ducks that had received ovarian tissue from muscovy duckling ...201222184444
Effect of feed contamination with aflatoxin B1 and administration of exogenous corticosterone on Japanese quail biochemical and immunological parameters.Stress is the loss of homeostasis by external forces or stressors. Manipulation, transport, contamination, and other procedures involved in production could be considered stressors. Contamination is a problem commonly faced by producers in the poultry industry. Aflatoxicosis is one of the most common infections resulting from feed contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. This study evaluated the potential effects of the combined administration of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) ...201222184427
[pyrrolizidine alkaloids and seneciosis in farm animals. part 2: clinical signs, species-specific sensitivity, food residues, feed contamination, limit values].at the forefront of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (pa) poisoning is the chronic ingestion of contaminated hay, which causes liver damage resulting in an ongoing fatal liver cirrhosis or in the veno-occlusive disease in liver or lung, respectively. the symptomatology of pa-poisoning is not identical for all animal species, and also includes central nervous symptoms. in affected horses significantly elevated levels of hepatogenic serum enzymes and an increase of the retention time for bromosulfophthalein ...201122167081
Cytochrome p450 1 genes in birds: evolutionary relationships and transcription profiles in chicken and Japanese quail embryos.Cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) genes are biomarkers for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists and may be involved in some of their toxic effects. CYP1s other than the CYP1As are poorly studied in birds. Here we characterize avian CYP1B and CYP1C genes and the expression of the identified CYP1 genes and AHR1, comparing basal and induced levels in chicken and quail embryos.201122164255
spatial orientation in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).finding a given location can be based on a variety of strategies, for example on the estimation of spatial relations between landmarks, called spatial orientation. in galliform birds, spatial orientation has been demonstrated convincingly in very young domestic chicks. we wanted to know whether adult japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) without food deprivation are also able to use spatial orientation. the quails had to learn the relation of a food location with four conspicuous landmark ...201122163284
avian tissues as bioindicators of exposure to alkylleads: metabolism of ethyllead salts by japanese quail. 198822148657
contribution of blastoderm cells to japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)-peking duck (anas platyrhynchos) chimeras.the purpose of this study was to produce quail-duck chimeras by transferring stage x blastoderm cells and to detect the distribution of donor cells in heterogeneous embryos using pcr. four experimental groups were made by transferring different amounts of quail blastoderm cells into duck recipients. in early embryonic stages, donor cells labeled with pkh26 fluorescent dye were observed in the head, neural tube and gonads by fluorescent microscopy. a total of 194 duck recipient embryos were injec ...201122111627
Preparation and 4D fluorescent imaging of quail embryos.Traditionally, our understanding of developmental biology has been based on the fixation and study of embryonic samples. Detailed microscopic scrutiny of static specimens at varying ages allowed for anatomical assessment of tissue development. The advent of confocal and two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy enables researchers to acquire volumetric images in three dimensions (x, y, and z) plus time (t). The development of transgenic Japanese quail has provided an embryonic model system that is ...201122046044
4D fluorescent imaging of embryonic quail development.Traditionally, our understanding of developmental biology has been based on the fixation and study of embryonic samples. Detailed microscopic scrutiny of static specimens at varying ages allowed for anatomical assessment of tissue development. The advent of confocal and two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy enables researchers to acquire volumetric images in three dimensions (x, y, and z) plus time (t). Here, we present techniques for acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) time-laps ...201122046043
the relationship between adrenocortical function and hsp70 expression in socially isolated japanese quail.physiological responses to social isolation stress were compared in 56-day-old male japanese quail. birds were fed pretreated diets for 3 days as follows: (i) basal diet (control); (ii) basal diet+1500 mg/kg metyrapone (bm); (iii) basal diet+30 mg/kg corticosterone (bco); (iv) basal diet+250 mg/kg ascorbic acid (bc); (v) basal diet+250 mg/kg α-tocopherol (be); (vi) basal diet+250 mg/kg ascorbic acid and 250 mg/kg α-tocopherol (bce). the birds were subsequently socially isolated in individual opa ...201222036750
Comparative analysis of mineralocorticoid receptor expression among vocal learners (Bengalese finch and budgerigar) and non-vocal learners (quail and ring dove) has implications for the evolution of avian vocal learning.Mineralocorticoid receptor is the receptor for corticosteroids such as corticosterone or aldosterone. Previously, we found that mineralocorticoid receptor was highly expressed in song nuclei of a songbird, Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica). Here, to examine the relationship between mineralocorticoid receptor expression and avian vocal learning, we analyzed mineralocorticoid receptor expression in the developing brain of another vocal learner, budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) ...201122010640
a place to hide in the home-cage decreases yolk androgen levels and offspring emotional reactivity in japanese quail.an animal's emotional responses are the result of its cognitive appraisal of a situation. this appraisal is notably influenced by the possibility of an individual to exert control over an aversive event. although the fact that environment controllability decreases emotional responses in animals is well established, far less is known about its potential trans-generational effects. as the levels of avian yolk hormones can vary according to the mother's environment, we hypothesized that housing env ...201121980338
the effects of incubation temperature on the sex of japanese quail chicks.the effects of incubation temperature on the sex of japanese quail chicks were investigated in this study. the study was conducted on japanese quail. in all, 4500 eggs obtained from 2 generations were used. at the beginning of the study, a new flock was formed from available hatching eggs. hatching eggs were gathered at 3 different ages (8 to 10 weeks, 16 to 18 weeks and 22 to 24 weeks of age) from the laying period in this flock. these eggs were exposed to 5 different incubation temperatures (3 ...201121934026
genetic evaluation of carcass composition and fat deposition in japanese quail.current research was conducted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations for carcass composition and fat deposition in japanese quail at 42 and 91 d of age. studied traits were bw at 42 and 91 d of age (bw42, bw91), carcass weight and percentage, breast meat weight and percentage, thigh weight and percentage, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage (afp), skin weight and skin percentage (sp) as a measure of subcutaneous fat, and the percentage of breast intramuscular fat (ifp). ...201121934001
an immunohistochemical study of ovarian follicle histogenesis in the early post-hatch japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the early post-hatch development of immunoreactivity to vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin (sma) and laminin, in relation to follicle histogenesis, was described in this study. ovigerous cords in day old quails contained pre-granulosa cells and oocytes. pre-granulosa cells at the cortico-medullary junction were vimentin immunopositive. a laminin immunopositive basement membrane and desmin immunopositive mesenchymal cells lined the ovigerous cords. ovigerous cords in 3-day-old quails contained ...201221919950
molecular characterization of two isoforms of zfand3 cdna from the japanese quail and the leopard gecko, and different expression patterns between testis and ovary.zing finger an1-type domain 3 (zfand3), also known as testis expressed sequence 27 (tex27), is a gene found in the mouse testis, but its physiological function is unknown. we identified the full-length sequences of two isoforms (short and long) of zfand3 cdna from japanese quail and leopard gecko. this is the first cloning of avian and reptilian zfand3 cdna. the two isoforms are generated by alternative polyadenylation in the 3'utr and have the same orf sequences encoding identical proteins. the ...201121914466
the hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative effect of dietary diosgenin and chromium chloride supplementation on high-cholesterol fed japanese quails.the current study investigated the effect of natural diosgenin extracted from fenugreek seeds, in comparison with the pure standard diosgenin, plus chromium chloride (crcl3) supplementation on high-cholesterol fed japanese quails. quails were randomly divided into four groups. group one (n = 25) fed experimental diet only (control; contained basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol), group 2 (n = 20) fed experimental diet supplemented with crcl3 only (400 microg kg(-1) of body weight), groups ...201121902054
acute stress differentially affects aromatase activity in specific brain nuclei of adult male and female quail.the rapid and temporary suppression of reproductive behavior is often assumed to be an important feature of the adaptive acute stress response. however, how this suppression operates at the mechanistic level is poorly understood. the enzyme aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol in the brain to activate reproductive behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the discovery of rapid and reversible modification of aromatase activity (aa) provides a potential mechanism for fast, stre ...201121878510
molecular sexing and analysis of chd1-z and chd1-w sequence variations in wild common quail (coturnix c. coturnix) and domesticated japanese quail (coturnix c. japonica). 201121873772
higher inherent fearfulness potentiates the effects of chronic stress in the japanese quail.there is considerable variability in the susceptibility of individuals to the adverse effects of chronic stress. in humans and other mammals, individual traits such as high anxiety are proposed as a vulnerability factor for the development of stress-related disorders. in the present study, we tested whether a similar behavioural trait in birds, higher emotional reactivity, also favours the occurrence of chronic stress-related behavioural and physiological dysfunction. for this, lines of japanese ...201121871499
yolk testosterone levels and offspring phenotype correlate with parental age in a precocial bird.parents, and particularly mothers, can influence their offspring's development in non-genetic ways. maternal effects can occur during the mothering phase as well as during the embryonic phase. prenatal maternal effects in birds can be mediated by yolk steroid hormones that influence subsequent offspring development. studies have focused mainly on the influence of laying females' living conditions on yolk hormonal contents, and rarely on the effects of individual characteristics. here, we investi ...201221871470
Combined exposure of Japanese quails to cyanotoxins, Newcastle virus and lead: oxidative stress responses.Wild birds are continually exposed to many anthropogenic and natural stressors in their habitats. Over the last decades, mass mortalities of wild birds constitute a serious problem and may possibly have more causations such as natural toxins including cyanotoxins, parasitic diseases, industrial chemicals and other anthropogenic contaminants. This study brings new knowledge on the effects of controlled exposure to multiple stressors in birds. The aim was to test the hypothesis that influence of c ...201121855999
Steroid receptor coactivator 2 modulates steroid-dependent male sexual behavior and neuroplasticity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).Steroid receptor coactivators are necessary for efficient transcriptional regulation by ligand-bound nuclear receptors, including estrogen and androgen receptors. Steroid receptor coactivator-2 (SRC-2) modulates estrogen- and progesterone-dependent sexual behavior in female rats but its implication in the control of male sexual behavior has not been studied to our knowledge. We cloned and sequenced the complete quail SRC-2 transcript and showed by semi-quantitative PCR that SRC-2 expression is n ...201121854393
[histogenesis of the liver of japanese quail embryos developed in the conditions of microgravity].the article reports the results of histogenetic studies of the liver extracted from japanese quail embryos and hatchlings that had passed the embryonic and postnatal development in microgravity. comparison of the liver from the flight and laboratory embryos showed identity of organogenesis and histogenesis processes in space and on earth. however, it should be noted that early histogenetic development of the space embryo liver had been retarded which was concluded from an enlarged lumen in bile ...201121848212
histochemical detection of glycoconjugates in the inner perivitelline layer of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).the avian inner perivitelline layer (ipvl), a homologous structure to the mammalian zona pellucida, is deposited between the granulosa cells and the oocyte cell membrane during folliculogenesis. in this glycohistochemical study, a panel of fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled lectins was used to characterise and localise the oligosaccharide sequences of the ipvl glycoproteins at different stages of follicular development in the quail ovary. deacetylation and sialidase digestion were also p ...201121843210
prevalence of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus during 2005 in two u.s. live bird market systems.oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from poultry sold in two live bird market (lbm) systems to estimate the prevalence of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (lpaiv) shedding during the summer and fall of 2005. random sampling was conducted in three lbms in minnesota where 50 birds were sampled twice weekly for 4 wk, and in three lbms in a california marketing system. a stratified systematic sampling method was used to collect samples from southern california lbms, where lpaiv was ...201121793439
study of infection with an iranian field-isolated h9n2 avian influenza virus in vaccinated and unvaccinated japanese quail.in the present study, we examined the mortality rate, egg production, and clinical signs of quail experimentally infected with a field isolate of a/chicken/iran/339/02 (h9n2) avian influenza virus obtained from an infected commercial layer farm with severe morbidity and mortality. a total of 120 quail at 14 days old were randomly divided into four groups of vaccinated (b and c) and unvaccinated (a and d) birds. vaccination was done on days 20 and 32, and viral inoculation of birds in groups c an ...201121793433
neuroendocrine impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in birds: life stage and species sensitivities.assessing potential risk associated with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edc) has been difficult due to species specific variation in vulnerability and to both short- and long-term effects produced by edc. in precocial birds, embryonic exposure to edc impacts sexual differentiation of neuroendocrine systems and behavior. often, detectable nonlethal effects of edc diminish as the organism matures such that the chronic impact of edc may appear relatively innocuous by the time an indivi ...201121790319
assembly of the inner perivitelline layer, a homolog of the mammalian zona pellucida: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.the avian inner perivitelline layer (ipvl), a homologous structure to the mammalian zona pellucida, is deposited between the granulosa cells and the oocyte cell membrane during folliculogenesis. the glycoprotein meshwork of the ipvl forms a 3-dimensional matrix and possesses important functions in the fertilization process: it contributes to the binding of avian spermatozoa to the oocyte and induces acrosomal exocytosis. in contrast to the zona pellucida of mammals, the ipvl does not prevent the ...201221778679
adrenocortical response to mating, social interaction and restraint in the female japanese quail.in some species, the act of mating may be the only occasion when a female judges the male and the course of the sexual encounter might influence forms of maternal investment that are mediated by hormonal pathways. despite the growing interest in fitness consequences of acute adrenocortical responses, it has not been determined to what extent the act of mating provokes such responses in females. we used female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) to determine to what extent any increase in corticos ...201121763334
immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the ovarian surface epithelium of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).contrary to humans, most ovarian tumors in other species do not arise from the ovarian surface epithelium but are of follicular-, stromal- or germ-cell origin. one of the few species where ovarian cancer arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (ose) is chicken (gallus domesticus). little is known about the morphology of the ose in other avian species. in our study we analyzed the ose morphology of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) using ultrastructural and histochemical techniques. carbohydr ...201121729211
oocytic expression of zona pellucida protein zp4 in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).the avian perivitelline layer, an extracellular matrix homologous to the zona pellucida (zp) of mammalian oocytes, is composed mainly by zona pellucida gene family glycoproteins. our previous studies in japanese quail have demonstrated that the matrix's components, zp3 and zpd, are synthesized in ovarian granulosa cells. another component, zp1, is synthesized in the liver. recently, we demonstrated that another minor constituent, zp2 is produced in the oocytes of the immature follicles. in the p ...201121729200
timing of ossification in duck, quail, and zebra finch: lntraspecific variation, heterochronies, and life history evolution.skeletogenic heterochronies have gained much attention in comparative developmental biology. the temporal appearance of mineralized individual bones in a species - the species ossification sequence - is an excellent marker in this kind of study. several publications describe interspecific variation, but only very few detail intraspecific variation. in this study, we describe and analyze the temporal order of ossification of skeletal elements in the zebra finch, taeniopygia guttata, the japanese ...201121728797
temporal pattern of locomotor activity recuperation after administration of propofol in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the present study evaluates the organization and complexity of the temporal pattern of locomotion after an acute administration of propofol in japanese quail by using traditional and fractal analysis. birds were administered with propofol 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg. ten min after administration, they were placed in an open-field apparatus and their locomotor activity was recorded during 45 min at a resolution of 0.5 s. a significant dose dependant increase in the latency to initiate ambulation wa ...201221724216
responses of growing japanese quails that received selenium from selenium enriched kale sprout (brassica oleracea var. alboglabra l.).the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of selenium (se) from se-enriched kale sprout (brassica oleracea var. alboglabra l.) on the performance and se concentrations in tissues of growing japanese quails. two hundred quails were divided into five treatments. each treatment consisted of four replicates and each replicate contained ten quails in a completely randomize design. the experiment was conducted for 5-áweeks. the treatments were t1, control diet; t2, control diet plus 0. ...201121681467
isolation and characterization of free haem from the shell gland of quail and hen.free haem was isolated from the shell gland of the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, and of the fowl, galinus domesticus, and characterized by hplc-esi-ms/ms. quantification by hplc gave values of 1.17-1.40 nmol/mg quail shell gland protein for haem, 1.66-2.17 nmol/mg protein for protoporphyrin and 0.25-0.40 nmol/mg protein for biliverdin. possible implications of this previously unreported finding are discussed but they are not considered incompatible with the conclusion that all eggshell pigm ...201221678459
cholesterol content and intramuscular collagen properties of pectoralis superficialis muscle of quail from different genetic groups.to study growth performance and meat quality traits (cholesterol content and intramuscular collagen properties) of quail, 3 trials were carried out. trial 1 used males of generation 19 of the egg type japanese quail (coturnix japonica) selected previously (until generation 17) for low (n = 8) or high (n = 7) yolk cholesterol content as well as an unselected control (n = 11). trial 2 used males of meat pharaoh quail selected earlier (generations 1 to 6 and 9 to 11) on the basis of bw decrease aft ...201121673181
neonatal feed restriction modulates circulating levels of corticosterone and expression of glucocorticoid receptor and heat shock protein 70 in aged japanese quail exposed to acute heat stress.this study aimed to determine the effect of neonatal feed restriction on plasma corticosterone concentration (cort), hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (gr) expression, and heat shock protein (hsp) 70 expression in aged male japanese quail subjected to acute heat stress. equal numbers of chicks were subjected to either ad libitum feeding (al) or 60% feed restriction on d 4, 5, and 6 (fr). at 21 (young) and 270 (aged) d of age, birds were exposed to 43 ± 1°c for 1 h. blood and hippocampus sample ...201121673157
comparative analysis of the molecular basis of photoperiodic signal transduction in vertebrates.in temperate zones, the reproductive physiology of most vertebrates is controlled by changes in photoperiod. mechanisms for the regulation of photoperiodic gonadal responses are known to differ between mammals and birds: in mammals, melatonin is the photoperiodic signal messenger, whereas in birds, photoperiodic information is received by deep brain photoreceptors. recently, the molecular mechanism of photoperiodism has been revealed by studies on japanese quail, which exhibit a most remarkable ...200921665837
pathogenicity in quails and mice of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks.in our study, the pathogenicity of h5n1 influenza a viruses circulating in waterfowls in southern china was investigated. three h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses isolated from ducks, a/duck/guangdong/383/2008(dk383), a/duck/guangdong/378/2008(dk378) and a/duck/guangdong/212/2004(dk212) were inoculated at 10(6) fifty-percent egg infectious doses (eid(50)) into ducks, quails and mice and showed varying levels of pathogenicity. in ducks, the mortality rates ranged from 0 to 60% ...201121665388
sperm acrosin is responsible for the sperm binding to the egg envelope during fertilization in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).an antibody library against quail sperm plasma membrane components was established and a mab, which strongly inhibits sperm perforations of the perivitelline membrane (pvm) was obtained from the library. the antigen molecule of the mab showed an apparent molecular weight of 45  kda, and was distributed both on the surface and in the acrosomal matrix of the sperm head. periodate oxidation revealed that the epitope of the antigen includes a sugar moiety. tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the an ...201121642383
effects of divergent selection for yolk testosterone content on growth characteristics of japanese quail.effects of yolk androgens on postnatal growth of offspring have been widely studied but their physiological role in the growth control is not fully understood due to an inconsistency in obtained results. we investigated androgen-mediated maternal effects on postnatal growth in relation to endocrine control mechanisms using two lines of japanese quail divergently selected for high (het) and low (let) egg testosterone (t) content. embryonic growth did not differ between the lines. during the growt ...201121627997
the influence of mannan oligosaccharides, acidifiers and their combination on caecal microflora of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides (mos) extracted from yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, acidifiers -calcium formate (cf), calcium propionate (cp)- and their combination on the caecal microflora of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). four hundred and fifty 1-day old quail where divided in six groups with three replicates each. one group that served as control received the basal diet. the five experimental diets consisted ...201121621628
experimental evidence for genetic heritability of maternal hormone transfer to offspring.in many animal species, embryos are exposed to maternal hormones that affect their development. maternal hormone transfer varies with environmental conditions of the mother and is often interpreted as being shaped by natural selection to adjust the offspring to prevailing environmental conditions. such hormone transfer requires genetic variability, which has not yet been experimentally demonstrated. our study reports direct evidence for additive genetic variance of maternal androgens through a b ...201121597258
organizing effects of sex steroids on brain aromatase activity in quail.preoptic/hypothalamic aromatase activity (aa) is sexually differentiated in birds and mammals but the mechanisms controlling this sex difference remain unclear. we determined here (1) brain sites where aa is sexually differentiated and (2) whether this sex difference results from organizing effects of estrogens during ontogeny or activating effects of testosterone in adulthood. in the first experiment we measured aa in brain regions micropunched in adult male and female japanese quail utilizing ...201121559434
[investigation of pseudoautosomal and bordering regions in avian z and w chromosomes with the use of large insert genomic bac clones].to study pseudoautosomal and bordering regions in the avian z and w chromosomes, we used seven bac clones from genomic libraries as dna probes of fragments of different gametologs of the atp5a1 gene located close to the proximal border of the pseudoautosomal region (par) of sex chromosomes of domestic chicken and japanese quail. localization of bac clones tam31-b100c09, tam31-b99n01, tam31-b27p16, and tam31-b95l18 in the short arm of z chromosomes of domestic chicken and japanese quail (region z ...201121542301
effects of α-lipoic acid, vitamins e and c upon the heat stress in japanese quails.antioxidant vitamins are commonly used as colorant, preventive, sweetener, nutritive and antioxidant materials in food industry. thus, many studies have been conducted in recent years. we have performed the present study to understand the effects of α-lipoic acid (ala), vitamin c and e, added into rations of japanese quails, on chronic heat stress. this study was carried out in five groups as: control, stress, ala, vitamin e and vitamin c groups. heat stress is applied to all groups except the c ...201121535234
specific activation of estrogen receptor alpha and beta enhances male sexual behavior and neuroplasticity in male japanese quail.two subtypes of estrogen receptors (er), erα and erβ, have been identified in humans and numerous vertebrates, including the japanese quail. we investigated in this species the specific role(s) of each receptor in the activation of male sexual behavior and the underlying estrogen-dependent neural plasticity. castrated male japanese quail received empty (cx) or testosterone-filled (t) implants or were daily injected with the er general agonist diethylstilbestrol (des), the erα-specific agonist pp ...201121533185
[spatial arrangement of macro-, midi- and microchromosomes in transcriptionally active nuclei of growing oocytes in birds of the order galliformes].three-dimensional genome organization in the cell nucleus reflects its functional state and is one of the regulatory levels of gene expression. thus, a detailed exploration of the interrelations between the genome spatial organization and functioning is essential. in this work, three-dimensional genome organization in growing oocytes of galliform birds, with giant transcriptionally active nucleus characterized by nearly absolute lack of structural constraints on chromosome decondensation, is ana ...201121516818
trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., an avian trypanosome transmitted by culex mosquitoes.a new avian trypanosome, trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., isolated from culex mosquitoes, is described on the basis of naturally and experimentally infected vectors and bird hosts, localization in the vector, morphological characters and molecular data. this study provides the first comprehensive description of a trypanosome species transmitted by mosquitoes, in which parasites form plugs and rosettes on the stomodeal valve. trypanosomes occurred as long epimastigotes and short trypomastigotes i ...201121515704
developmental and posthatch effects of in ovo exposure to 2,3,7,8-tcdd, 2,3,4,7,8-pecdf, and 2,3,7,8-tcdf in japanese quail (coturnix japonica), common pheasant (phasianus colchicus), and white leghorn chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) embryos.an egg injection study was conducted to confirm a proposed model of relative sensitivity of three avian species to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd)-like chemicals. it was previously reported that the order of species sensitivity to in ovo exposure to tcdd, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (pecdf), or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (tcdf) at doses ranging from 0.044 to 37 picomoles (pmol)/g egg was the chicken (gallus gallus domesticus), common pheasant (phasianus colchicus), and japa ...201121509806
comparison of pretectal genoarchitectonic pattern between quail and chicken embryos.regionalization of the central nervous system is controlled by local networks of transcription factors that establish and maintain the identities of neuroepithelial progenitor areas and their neuronal derivatives. the conserved cerebral bauplan of vertebrates must result essentially from conserved patterns of developmentally expressed transcription factors. we have previously produced detailed molecular maps for the alar plate of prosomere 1 (the pretectal region) in chicken (ferran et al., 2007 ...201121503155
adjustments of the oxygen diffusing capacity to energetic demands during the development of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).one of the hypotheses that attempt to explain physiological limitations of energy budgets is the symmorphosis hypothesis, which proposes that if matching structures to functional needs were combined with the strict economy of energy and materials, the result would be an optimal organ design for the specific function it serves. evidence in favor of symmorphosis in adults is as abundant as evidence against it, but the plasticity of some morphological traits may be dependent on the ontogenetic stag ...201121496493
genetic parameters of slaughter and carcase traits in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. genetic parameters of slaughter and carcase traits were estimated for 5-week-old japanese quail reared under the one-to-one sire and dam pedigree recorded system. data were analysed using restricted maximum likelihood (reml) with relationship matrix. records of 1244 animals from 119 sires and 156 dams were analysed. 2. an individual animal model was used which had the animals' genetic effect as the only random factor. heritability and standard errors of slaughter, cold carcase, breast, leg, w ...201121491239
developmental toxicity of glyceryl trinitrate in quail embryos.although glyceryl trinitrate (gtn) is used extensively to treat angina and heart failure, little is known about its effects on the conceptus during organogenesis. the goal of these studies was to investigate the effects of gtn in a model organism, the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryo.201121472843
immunotoxicity and disease resistance in japanese quail (corturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to malathion.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of malathion on the immune system of wild birds, using japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) as a model. quail were exposed to malathion in drinking water at environmentally realistic concentrations (0 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm). in the fifth week, several arms of the immune response were tested using the t-cell based phytohemagglutinin (pha) skin test, the b-cell mediated antibody response, and the chemiluminescence assay measuring innate ...201121448623
biased embryos: prenatal experience alters the postnatal malleability of auditory preferences in bobwhite quail.many precocial birds show a robust preference for the maternal call of their own species before and after hatching. this differential responsiveness to species-specific auditory stimuli by embryos and neonates has been the subject of study for more than four decades, but much remains unknown about the dynamics of this ability. gottlieb [gottlieb [1971]. development of species identification in birds: an enquiry into the prenatal determinants of perception. chicago/london: university of chicago p ...201121400491
effects of mating structure in purebred populations on the estimation of crossbreeding parameters.usually a simple additive-dominance model is considered to be adequate for the explanation of the genetic basis of heterosis. from this model a linear relationship is expected between the heterosis and the degree of heterozygosity of crossbreds. assuming hardy-weinberg equilibrium in parental populations, the increase in heterozygosity of the f1-generation can be calculated from the squared difference of the parental allele frequencies. this increase is halved in secondary crossbred generations ...199721395823
the ossification of the pectoral girdle and wing skeleton of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).the onset of ossification centres of the pectoral girdle and wing skeleton of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) has been studied in embryos and juvenile birds, which were sampled daily from the 4th day of incubation up to the 12th day after hatching. specimens, which were cleared and were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red s, were examined at the stereomicroscope. the furcula ossified with intramembranous ossification at the 7th day of incubation. the first centres of perichondral os ...201121392085
copulatory behaviors and body condition predict post-mating female hormone concentrations, fertilization success, and primary sex ratios in japanese quail.environmental cues and social interactions are known to influence reproductive physiology and behavior in vertebrates. in female birds, male courtship displays can result in the growth of ovarian follicles, the production of reproductive hormones, and stimulation of oviduct development, all of which have the potential to influence maternal investment. male japanese quail follow a typical sequence of copulatory behaviors during a mating interaction and often force copulations with unreceptive fem ...201121376051
one-trial appetitive conditioning in the sexual behavior system.one-trial pavlovian conditioning has been demonstrated with aversive reinforcers such as electric shock and lithium chloride. the present experiments using male japanese quail were conducted to determine if an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (us), the opportunity to copulate with a female quail, can also generate one-trial learning. in experiment 1, subjects were exposed to a contextual conditioned stimulus (cs) for 35 sec and then given copulatory opportunity. in experiment 2, male birds were ...199721331831
dietary fatty acid composition influences tissue lipid profiles and regulation of body temperature in japanese quail.many avian species reduce their body temperature (t(b)) to conserve energy during periods of inactivity, and we recently characterized how ambient temperature (t(a)) and nutritional stress interact with one another to influence physiologically controlled hypothermic responses in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). in the present study, we examined how the fatty acid (fa) composition of the diet influences the fa composition of phospholipids in major organs and how these affect controlled hypothe ...201121328066
endocrine disrupting effects of low dose 17 β-estradiol (e2) on the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were detected by modified one-generation reproduction study.previously, we investigated endocrine disrupting effects of 17 β-estradiol (e(2)) on japanese quail (coturnix japonica) in the avian reproduction test according to the testing guidelines, in which new endpoints such as blood vitellogenin (vtg) concentration in parent quails and pathology of f(1) chicks were added, and consequently these additional endpoints suggested to be sensitive markers for detecting any impacts of endocrine disrupting effects (shibuya et al., 2005b). in the present study, t ...201121297340
neuroendocrine contributions to sexual partner preference in birds.a majority of birds are socially monogamous, providing exceptional opportunities to discover neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying preferences for opposite-sex partners where the sexes form extended affiliative relationships. zebra finches have been the focus of the most systematic program of research to date in any socially monogamous animal. in this species, sexual partner preference can be partially or largely sex reversed with hormone manipulations during early development, suggesting a role ...201121277320
[lampbrush chromosomes of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): a new version of cytogenetic maps].avian oocyte chromosomes are transfomed into giant transcriptionally active lampbrush chromosomes (lbcs) at meiosis 1 diplotene. these chromosomes are a convenient tool for high-resulution cytogenetic analysis. using differential staining with fluorochromes dapi and cma3, we have constructed detailed cytological maps for lampbrush macrochromosomes 1-5 and zw of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica. we also performed a comparative analysis ofmitotic chromosomes and lbcs corresponding to ...201021254550
resveratrol protects quail hepatocytes against heat stress: modulation of the nrf2 transcription factor and heat shock proteins.in the present study, the effects of dietary resveratrol on the induction of heat shock proteins, transcription factors and antioxidative enzyme system in liver of quails under heat stress were investigated. a total of 180 (55-day-old) female japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were reared either at 22 °c for 24 h/day (thermoneutral, tn) or 34 °c for 8 h/day (heat stress, hs; 09:00-17:00 hours) for 12 weeks. birds in both environments were randomly fed one of three diets: basal diet and ...201121244525
rhythmic birds show a better social integration than arrhythmic birds.the activity rhythms of japanese quail vary from one individual to another. performing a divergent selection, we obtained one line of quail expressing a robust circadian rhythmicity of feeding activity (r) and one line of quail expressing circadian arrhythmicity of feeding activity (a). we questioned whether the endogenous rhythmicity of an individual could predict its integration in a group. for that, we introduced either an r- or an a-line chick into stable groups of standard chicks. first, we ...201121182404
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