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nonpathogenic lactobacillus rhamnosus activates the inflammasome and antiviral responses in human macrophages.in this study, we have utilized global gene expression profiling to compare the responses of human primary macrophages to two closely related, well-characterized lactobacillus rhamnosus strains gg and lc705, since our understanding of the responses elicited by nonpathogenic bacteria in human innate immune system is limited. macrophages are phagocytic cells of the innate immune system that perform sentinel functions to initiate appropriate responses to surrounding stimuli. macrophages that reside ...201722895087
evidence of immunomodulatory effects of a novel probiotic, bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis ccug 52486.bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis ccug 52486 was originally isolated from healthy elderly subjects and demonstrated to have particular ecological fitness and anti-pathogenic effects. bifidobacteria are commonly associated with immuno-modulatory properties, especially in older people, but this strain has not been investigated for effects on immune function. this study aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effects of this novel probiotic, compared with three commercial strains, b. longum sp 07/3 ...201222882710
lipoteichoic acid from lactobacillus rhamnosus gg as an oral photoprotective agent against uv-induced carcinogenesis.probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. cell surface molecules of these micro-organisms are being studied in relation to their ability to interact with the host. the cell wall of lactobacilli possesses lipoteichoic acids (lta) which are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. uv radiation (uvr) has been proposed as the main cause of skin cancer because of its mutagenic and immunosuppressive effects. photoprotection w ...201322874095
characterisation of the exopolysaccharide (eps)-producing lactobacillus paraplantarum bgcg11 and its non-eps producing derivative strains as potential probiotics.traditional fermented foods are the best source for the isolation of strains with specific traits to act as functional starters and to keep the biodiversity of the culture collections. besides, these strains could be used in the formulation of foods claimed to promote health benefits, i.e. those containing probiotic microorganisms. for the rational selection of strains acting as probiotics, several in vitro tests have been proposed. in the current study, we have characterized the probiotic poten ...201222858135
risks associated with high-dose lactobacillus rhamnosus in an escherichia coli model of piglet diarrhoea: intestinal microbiota and immune imbalances.probiotic could be a promising alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of enteric infections; however, further information on the dose effects is required. in this study, weanling piglets were orally administered low- or high-dose lactobacillus rhamnosus actt 7469 (10(10) cfu/d or 10(12) cfu/d) for 1 week before f4 (k88)-positive escherichia coli challenge. the compositions of faecal and gastrointestinal microbiota were recorded; gene expression in the intestines was assessed by real-time ...201222848393
stimulation of macrophages by immunobiotic lactobacillus strains: influence beyond the intestinal tract.lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 (lr1505), l. rhamnosus crl1506 (lr1506) and l. casei crl431 (lc431) are able to stimulate intestinal immunity, but only lr1505 and lc431 are able to stimulate immunity in the respiratory tract. with the aim of advancing the understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in stimulation of distant mucosal sites, this study evaluated the effects of orally administered probiotics on the functions of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. compared to a control gr ...201222846065
cost/benefit of synbiotics in acute infectious gastroenteritis: spend to save.the cost/benefit ratio of probiotics in the ambulatory treatment of acute infectious gastro-enteritis with or without a synbiotic food supplement (containing fructo-oligosaccharides and probiotic strains of streptoccoccus thermophilus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium lactis and bifidobacterium infantis) has been studied. 111 children (median age 37 and 43 months for the synbiotic and placebo group, respectively) with acute infectious gastroenteritis were inclu ...201222835702
cell-free supernatants from probiotic lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg decrease colon cancer cell invasion in vitro.probiotics have been shown to have a preventative role in colorectal carcinogenesis but research concerning their prophylactic potential in the later stages of colorectal cancer, specifically metastasis is limited. this study explored the potential of cell-free supernatants (cfs) from 2 probiotic lactobacillus sp., lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, to inhibit colon cancer cell invasion by influencing matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) activity and levels of the tight junction p ...201222830611
micronutrient supplemented probiotic yogurt for hiv-infected adults taking haart in london, canada.the human immunodeficiency virus has devastating effects worldwide. the burden is less pronounced, but still present in canada where approximately 64,000 men and women are hiv positive. the virus and the life-saving antiretroviral therapies often contribute to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances. certain probiotic organisms, such as lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1, have been shown to alleviate diarrhea as well as delay the decline of cd4 lymphocytes in some subjects. in addition, micro ...201422825497
reduction in cholesterol absorption in caco-2 cells through the down-regulation of niemann-pick c1-like 1 by the putative probiotic strains lactobacillus rhamnosus bfe5264 and lactobacillus plantarum nr74 from fermented foods.hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor related to atherosclerosis, and it may be influenced by our diet. this study addresses the impact of lactobacillus rhamnosus bfe5264 (isolated from maasai fermented milk) and lactobacillus plantarum nr74 (from korean kimchi) on the control of cholesterol absorption through down-regulation of niemann-pick c1-like 1 (npc1l1) expression. caco-2 enterocytes were treated with the live, heat-killed (hk) bacteria, bacterial cell wall extracts and metabolites ...201322816655
effect of lgg yoghurt on streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children.the aim of this study was to establish effect of 14 day consumption of commercially available yoghurt containing lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc53103 - lgg (bioaktiv lgg, dukat, croatia) on streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. twenty five patients, 6-10 yr old participated in the study. at the inclusion in the study caries risk for every patient was evaluated. the saliva samples were tested with chair side kits for saliva buffer capacity (crt buffer, vivadent, sc ...201222816209
systemic effects of ingested lactobacillus rhamnosus: inhibition of mast cell membrane potassium (ikca) current and degranulation.exposure of the intestine to certain strains lactobacillus can have systemic immune effects that include the attenuation of allergic responses. despite the central role of mast cells in allergic disease little is known about the effect of lactobacilli on the function of these cells. to address this we assessed changes in rat mast cell activation following oral treatment with a strain of lactobacillus known to attenuate allergic responses in animal models. sprague dawley rats were fed with l. rha ...201222815978
probiotic interference of lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 with the opportunistic fungal pathogen candida albicans.candida albicans is the most important candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). vvc has significant medical and economical impact on women's health and wellbeing. while current antifungal treatment is reasonably effective, supportive and preventive measures such as application of probiotics are required to reduce the incidence of vvc. we investigated the potential of the probiotics lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 towards control of c. albicans. in vitr ...201222811591
the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus bfe5264 and lactobacillus plantarum nr74 promote cholesterol efflux and suppress inflammation in thp-1 cells.the balance between the rate of cholesterol uptake/accumulation and the rate of cholesterol efflux is reflected in the amount of lipid accumulation in macrophages. based upon the fact that liver x receptors (lxrs) play a role in cholesterol efflux, we studied the effects of probiotics on cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory action in macrophages. we confirmed changes in lxr expression by treatment of lxr-transfected cho-k1 cells with lactic acid bacteria (lab), and co-cultured thp-1 cells wi ...201322806829
lactobacilli vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial in postmenopausal women.growing antibiotic resistance warrants studying nonantibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections (utis). use of lactobacilli appears to be promising.201222782199
probiotics modulate host-microbe interaction in the placenta and fetal gut: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.early host-microbe interaction provides important maturational stimuli for the developing immune system. the role of prenatal microbial contact remains elusive.201222776980
routine probiotic use in very preterm infants: retrospective comparison of two cohorts.evidence supports the efficacy of probiotics in reducing necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in very low-birth-weight infants, although concerns remain with regard to their routine use. since 2008 in our neonatal intensive care unit, a low dose of probiotics (unique strain) is administered as standard of care in all preterm babies born at 24 to 31 weeks' gestation. this study reports outcomes in infants receiving probiotic cohort (pc) compared with the historical cohort.201322773285
a novel mouse model of atopic dermatitis with epicutaneous allergen sensitization and the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus.atopic dermatitis (ad) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease, and the pathogenesis is not completely understood. although there are some mouse models of ad, it is not easy to establish model to represent the natural ad development in human. in this study, we developed an ad model based on outside-inside theory and investigated the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus (lcr35), which have known as an immune modulator in allergic diseases. skh-1 hairless mice underwent three 1-week expo ...201222742655
functional foods as carriers for synbio®, a probiotic bacteria combination.the popularity of functional foods continues to increase as consumers desire flavorful foods that will fulfil their health needs. among these foods, probiotics may exert positive effects on the composition of gut microbiota and overall health. however, in order to be beneficial, the bacterial cultures have to remain live and active at the time of consumption. the aim of this study was to develop new probiotic food products, such as seasoned cheeses, salami, chocolate and ice-cream with a final p ...201222727086
optimization and shelf life of a low-lactose yogurt with lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001.lactose intolerance results in gastrointestinal discomfort and the malabsorption of certain nutrients, such as calcium. the replacement of milk with low-lactose and probiotic-enriched dairy products is an effective strategy of mitigating the symptoms of lactose intolerance. lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 (hn001) is a safe, immunity-stimulating probiotic. we have developed a process to increase the hydrolysis of lactose and hn001 growth in yogurt versus β-galactosidase (βg) concentration and enzym ...201222720912
probiotic lactobacillus and estrogen effects on vaginal epithelial gene expression responses to candida albicans.vaginal epithelial cells have receptors, signal transduction mechanisms, and cytokine secretion capabilities to recruit host defenses against candida albicans infections. this research evaluates how probiotic lactobacilli affect the defensive epithelial response.201222715972
immunomodulatory properties of enterococcus faecium jws 833 isolated from duck intestinal tract and suppression of listeria monocytogenes infection.the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of enterococcus faecium jws 833 (jws 833) isolated from duck intestine and compare them to those of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg), a proven immunity-enhancing probiotic. to investigate the immune-enhancing properties of jws 833, production of nitric oxide (no) and cytokines was measured in mouse peritoneal macrophages. in addition, a listeria monocytogenes challenge model was used in the assessment. it was found that heat-k ...201222709265
a protective effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 against eczema in the first 2 years of life persists to age 4 years.using a double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (australian new zealand clinical trials registry: actrn12607000518460), we have shown that in a high risk birth cohort, maternal supplementation from 35 weeks gestation until 6 months if breastfeeding and infant supplementation until 2 years with lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 (hn001) (6 × 10(9) cfu/day) halved the cumulative prevalence of eczema by age 2 years. bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis hn019 (hn019) (9 × 10(9) cfu/day) had no ...201222702506
vaginal impact of the oral administration of total freeze-dried culture of lcr 35 in healthy women.the use of probiotics in the prevention or treatment of some vaginal infections has been the subject of numerous studies. to assess the presence of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (lcr35) in the vagina after an oral administration, an open randomised pilot study was conducted on 20 healthy women of child-bearing age. materials and methods. 2 groups of 10 women were given a 28-day oral course, that is, at least 108 cfu/day (group 1) or 2 × 108 cfu/day (group 2) of lcr35. nugent score and vaginal sc ...201222701297
milk containing probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and respiratory illness in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.to determine whether long-term daily consumption of milk containing probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (gg) decreases respiratory illness in children.201222692023
effects of bile salt deconjugation by probiotic strains on the survival of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens under simulated gastric conditions.this study was designed to evaluate the effects of bile acid deconjugation by probiotic strains on the antibiotic susceptibility of antibiotic-sensitive and multiple antibiotic-resistant salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus. eight probiotic strains, bifidobacterium longum b6, lactobacillus acidophilus adh, lactobacillus brevis kacc 10553, lactobacillus casei kacc 12413, lactobacillus paracasei atcc 25598, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, leuconostoc mesenteroides kacc 12312, and pediococc ...201222691477
treatment of textile dyeing wastewater by biomass of lactobacillus: lactobacillus 12 and lactobacillus rhamnosus.the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of lactobacillus 12 and lactobacillus rhamnosus as both cells and biomasses for the removal of dye from real textile dyeing wastewater. the removal experiments were conducted according to the box-behnken experimental design, and the regression equations for the removal of dye were determined by the minitab 14 program. the optimum variables were found to be 10 g/l biomass concentration for biomasses, 3 for initial ph of the solut ...201322684899
interaction of campylobacter spp. and human probiotics in chicken intestinal mucus.campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world. the principal risk of human contamination is handling and consumption of contaminated poultry meat. to colonize poultry, campylobacter adheres to and persists in the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium. inhibiting adhesion to the mucus could prevent colonization of the intestine. the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the protective effect of defined commercial human p ...201322672405
phylogenetic analysis of a spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation metagenome reveals new insights into its bacterial and fungal community diversity.this is the first report on the phylogenetic analysis of the community diversity of a single spontaneous cocoa bean box fermentation sample through a metagenomic approach involving 454 pyrosequencing. several sequence-based and composition-based taxonomic profiling tools were used and evaluated to avoid software-dependent results and their outcome was validated by comparison with previously obtained culture-dependent and culture-independent data. overall, this approach revealed a wider bacterial ...201222666442
water activity in dry foods containing live probiotic bacteria should be carefully considered: a case study with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in flaxseed.this study evaluated the effect of water activity on the long-term storage stability of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) in a dry food matrix. viability of lgg was further studied in a crushed flaxseed matrix - a new possible product matrix to deliver probiotics - as well as in reference matrices as maltodextrin. three different water activities (a(w)=0.11, 0.22 and 0.43) were used, and preparations were stored at room temperature for up to 14months. the viability of lgg was less d ...201222663981
evaluation of impact of exposure of sudan azo dyes and their metabolites on human intestinal bacteria.sudan azo dyes are banned for food usage in most countries, but they are illegally used to maintain or enhance the color of food products due to low cost, bright staining, and wide availability of the dyes. in this report, we examined the toxic effects of these azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on 11 prevalent human intestinal bacterial strains. among the tested bacteria, cell growth of 2, 3, 5, 5, and 1 strains was inhibited by sudan i, ii, iii, iv, and para red, respectively. ...201222634331
evaluation of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm encapsulated using a novel impinging aerosol method in fruit food products.this study investigated the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and their acidification in orange juice at 25°c for nine days and at 4°c over thirty five days of storage. alginate micro beads (10-40 μm) containing the probiotics were produced by a novel dual aerosol method of alginate and cacl(2) cross linking solution. unencapsulated l. rhamnosus gg was found to have excellent survivability in orange juice at both tempera ...201222633536
inventory of non starter lactic acid bacteria from ripened parmigiano reggiano cheese as assessed by a culture dependent multiphasic approach.the objective of this study was to investigate microbial species diversity and strain complexity of the cultivable non starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) occurring in 31 ripened parmigiano reggiano (pr) cheeses. dereplication of 127 lactobacilli isolates by (gtg)(5)-pcr fingerprinting yielded a total of 51 genotypes. phylogenetic relatedness of all the genotypes with known lactobacillus species was determined by a novel combined amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (16s-ardra), species-spec ...201222626626
substances released from probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 potentiate nf-κb activity in escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells.lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 is a probiotic bacterium used to maintain urogenital health. the putative mechanism for its probiotic effect is by modulating the host immunity. urinary tract infections (uti) are often caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli that frequently evade or suppress immune responses in the bladder and can target pathways, including nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb). we evaluated the role of l. rhamnosus gr-1 on nf-κb activation in e. coli-stimulated bladder cells. viable l. rh ...201222620976
pantoea agglomerans in immunodeficient patients with different respiratory symptoms.the aim of this paper was to determine in 32 patients from 4 different mexican hospitals the frequency of opportunistic bacteria in the 2010 to 2011 time period. the patients were divided in 4 groups. group 1 included 21 hiv positive patients with acute respiratory syndrome. four hiv positive patients with tuberculosis symptoms were included in group 2; two patients with tuberculosis symptoms and one asymptomatic person formed group 3. reference group 4 included 4 patients from whom 4 strains of ...201222619600
characterization of a panela cheese with added probiotics and fava bean starch.of 20 lactobacillus and 8 bifidobacterium species examined, only bifidobacterium breve atcc 15700 was able to ferment starch from fava beans. bifidobacterium breve atcc 15700 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg atcc 53103 were selected as probiotics for use in fresh-style panela cheese. two types of fresh cheese (with and without 3% fava bean starch) were manufactured with 3 combinations of probiotics: l. rhamnosus gg only, b. breve only, or both l. rhamnosus gg and b. breve. during 4 wk of storage a ...201222612915
lactobacillus reuteri protects epidermal keratinocytes from staphylococcus aureus-induced cell death by competitive exclusion.recent studies have suggested that the topical application of probiotic bacteria can improve skin health or combat disease. we have utilized a primary human keratinocyte culture model to investigate whether probiotic bacteria can inhibit staphylococcus aureus infection. evaluation of the candidate probiotics lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730, lactobacillus rhamnosus ac413, and lactobacillus salivarius ucc118 demonstrated that both l. reuteri and l. rhamnosus, but not l. salivarius, reduced s. aur ...201222582077
gut balance, a synbiotic supplement, increases fecal lactobacillus paracasei but has little effect on immunity in healthy physically active individuals.synbiotic supplements, which contain multiple functional ingredients, may enhance the immune system more than the use of individual ingredients alone. a double blind active controlled parallel trial over a 21 d exercise training period was conducted to evaluate the effect of gut balance™, which contains lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (l. casei 431®), bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (bb-12®), lactobacillus acidophilus (la-5®), lactobacillus rhamnosus (lgg®), two prebiotics (raftili ...201722572834
efficacy and safety profile of lcr35 complete freeze-dried culture in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind study.to assess the effects and safety of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus lcr35 complete freeze-dried culture (lcr35) in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).201222563194
a combined approach to study the protein glycosylation potential of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg). 201222558749
double-blind, randomised clinical assay to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preterm newborns weighing less than 1500 g in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis.a randomised, double-blind clinical trial was undertaken in order to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis (nec) in newborns weighing <1500 g.201322556209
in vitro study of the effect of a probiotic bacterium lactobacillus rhamnosus against herpes simplex virus type 1.due to the emergence of drug resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), researchers are trying to find other methods for treating herpes simplex virus type 1 infections. probiotic bacteria are effective in macrophage activation and may have antiviral activities.201722552453
asthma prevention by lactobacillus rhamnosus in a mouse model is associated with cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) t cells.probiotic bacteria can induce immune regulation or immune tolerance in allergic diseases. the underlying mechanisms have been recently investigated, but are still unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus (lcr35) in a mouse model of asthma and to identify its mechanism of action.201222548208
lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteremia: an emerging clinical entity.lactobacillus spp. are ubiquitous commensals of the normal human flora that are only occasionally found in clinical infections. their role in human disease is established for infectious endocarditis but is controversial for other infections. we sought to characterize clinically associated lactobacillus spp. we conducted a retrospective study, which consisted of the screening of lactobacillus isolates obtained in our laboratory from january 2004 to december 2009. the polymerase chain reaction (pc ...201222544343
influence of manufacturing processes on in vitro properties of the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus lcr35®.probiotics are administered as complex manufactured products and yet most studies on probiotic bacterial strains have been performed with native culture strains. little is known about the influence of industrial processes on the properties of the microorganisms. in this study, we comparatively assessed the characteristics of the probiotic bacterial strain lactobacillus rhamnosus (lcr35(®)) together with four of its commercial formulations, including three intestinal formulas (bacilor with lcr re ...201222542933
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg culture supernatant ameliorates acute alcohol-induced intestinal permeability and liver injury.endotoxemia is a contributing cofactor to alcoholic liver disease (ald), and alcohol-induced increased intestinal permeability is one of the mechanisms of endotoxin absorption. probiotic bacteria have been shown to promote intestinal epithelial integrity and protect barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and in ald. although it is highly possible that some common molecules secreted by probiotics contribute to this action in ibd, the effect of probiotic culture supernatant has not y ...201222538402
probiotic factors partially prevent changes to caspases 3 and 7 activation and transepithelial electrical resistance in a model of 5-fluorouracil-induced epithelial cell damage.the potential efficacy of a probiotic-based preventative strategy against intestinal mucositis has yet to be investigated in detail. we evaluated supernatants (sn) from escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn) and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) for their capacity to prevent 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-induced damage to intestinal epithelial cells. a 5-day study was performed. iec-6 cells were treated daily from days 0 to 3, with 1 ml of pbs (untreated control), de man rogosa sharpe (mrs) broth, tryptone s ...201222526145
modulation of toll-like receptor ligands and candida albicans-induced cytokine responses by specific probiotics.probiotics have been proposed as modulators of gut inflammation, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). in order to be able to use them in these clinical conditions, their capacity to modulate immune responses towards other stimuli or microorganisms has to be thoroughly understood. in the present study, three different potentially probiotic strains, bifidobacterium breve (numres 204), lactobacillus rhamnosus (numres1) and lactobacillus casei (dn-114 001), have been studied for their pot ...201222521032
intestinal adaptation is stimulated by partial enteral nutrition supplemented with the prebiotic short-chain fructooligosaccharide in a neonatal intestinal failure piglet model.butyrate has been shown to stimulate intestinal adaptation when added to parenteral nutrition (pn) following small bowel resection but is not available in current pn formulations. the authors hypothesized that pre- and probiotic administration may be a clinically feasible method to administer butyrate and stimulate intestinal adaptation.201222517051
probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of intervention studies in adult patients.mounting evidence suggests an important role for the intestinal microbiota in the chronic mucosal inflammation that occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), and novel molecular approaches have further identified a dysbiosis in these patients. several mechanisms of action of probiotic products that may interfere with possible aetiological factors in ibd have been postulated.201222512365
antifungal activity of two lactobacillus strains with potential probiotic properties.aflatoxin (highly toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by fungi) contamination is a serious problem worldwide. modern agriculture and animal production systems need to use high-quality and mycotoxin-free feedstuffs. the use of microorganisms to preserve food has gained importance in recent years due to the demand for reduced use of chemical preservatives by consumers. lactic acid bacteria are known to produce various antimicrobial compounds that are considered to be important in ...201222497448
antimicrobial susceptibility of microflora from ovine cheese.strains identified in ovine cheese and bryndza by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis belonged to ten species of non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and included lactobacillus casei/lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus helveticus, lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus brevis, lactococcus lactis, pediococcus pentosaceus and pediococcus acidilactici. the susceptibility toward antibioti ...201222491987
functional properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products.twenty-four acid- and bile-tolerant lactobacilli isolates from dairy products were identified and further in vitro characterized for the presence of functional traits potentially useful for probiotic applications, which included desirable and undesirable traits, such as biofilm formation, ability to inhibit intestinal pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, and enzyme activity. the majority of examined strains were susceptible to certain antimicrobial agents (streptomycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, ...201222488103
lactobacillus rhamnosus exopolysaccharide ameliorates arthritis induced by the systemic injection of collagen and lipopolysaccharide in dba/1 mice.oral administration of some probiotic bacteria (e.g. lactobacillus rhamnosus) attenuates various types of experimental arthritis, including collagen-induced arthritis (cia) and inhibits arthritogenic autoantibodies. much less is known about the possible anti-arthritogenic properties of exopolysaccharide (eps), the major component of lactic bacteria biofilm. in this study, we asked the question whether systemic administration of eps derived from l. rhamnosus kl37 depresses the production of anti- ...201222484803
regulation of tlr4, p38 mapkinase, iκb and mirnas by inactivated strains of lactobacilli in human dendritic cells.strain specific properties of probiotics in providing supportive health effects in the immune system and the gastrointestinal tract have been widely investigated in vivo and in vitro. however, the underlying responsible mechanism is poorly described. by unravelling the probiotic-induced responses in a complex network of interacting signalling pathways, we investigated the effect of heat-inactivated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (l.del) on the ex ...201222476320
survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains inoculated in cheese matrix during simulated human digestion.survival of probiotic bacteria during transit through the gastrointestinal (gi) tract is influenced by a number of environmental variables including stomach acidity, bile salts, digestive enzymes and food matrix. this study assessed survival of seven selected lactobacillus rhamnosus strains delivered within a model cheese system to the human upper gi tract using a dynamic gastric model (dgm). good survival rates for all tested strains were recorded during both simulated gastric and duodenal dige ...201222475943
the viability and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion of probiotic strain combination--in vitro study.to be effective, probiotic bacteria must exhibit a number of functional characteristics, including the resistance to gastric acidity and the ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelium. in this study, we examined in vitro the viability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) combination after exposure to low ph, and the adhesion of lab to caco-2 cells during coincubation of 9 bacterial strains. to test bacterial viability, 6 commercially available products were incubated in 0.1 n hcl at ph 1.2 for 60 m ...201222462453
whey protein coating bead improves the survival of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus crl 1505 to low ph.to evaluate the efficacy of a novel microencapsulation procedure using whey protein and pectin to improve the survival rate of lactobacillus rhamnosus crl 1505 to low ph and bile.201222448978
dietary addition of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg impairs the health of escherichia coli f4-challenged piglets.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) is a probiotic for humans and is normally not found in pigs; however, it has been shown to protect the human-derived intestinal caco-2 cells against the damage induced by an important intestinal pathogen, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli f4 (etec). an experiment was conducted to test whether the dietary addition of lgg improves the growth and health of weaned pigs when orally challenged by e. coli f4. thirty-six pigs were weaned at 21 days and assigned to a stand ...201122440280
normal vaginal flora, disorders and application of probiotics in pregnancy.to assess the effectiveness of vaginal administration of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus bmx 54 in preventing the occurrence of abnormal vaginal flora and the alteration of parameters relevant to the progression of pregnancy.201222437191
early exposure to probiotics in a canine model of atopic dermatitis has long-term clinical and immunological effects.probiotics modulate the immune response and may have protective effects against atopic dermatitis (ad). clinical trials using dogs with spontaneous disease are limited by confounding factors such as different diets, environments and sensitizations while a more controlled evaluation is possible using experimental models. a validated model of canine ad showed that early exposure to lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) significantly decreases allergen-specific ige and partially prevents ad in the first ...201222436376
human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow.development of an in vitro living cell-based model of the intestine that mimics the mechanical, structural, absorptive, transport and pathophysiological properties of the human gut along with its crucial microbial symbionts could accelerate pharmaceutical development, and potentially replace animal testing. here, we describe a biomimetic 'human gut-on-a-chip' microdevice composed of two microfluidic channels separated by a porous flexible membrane coated with extracellular matrix (ecm) and lined ...201222434367
probiotics are effective for the prevention and treatment of citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in mice.probiotics prevent disease induced by citrobacter rodentium, a murine-specific enteric pathogen. whether probiotics can be used to interrupt the infectious process following initiation of infection was determined.201222430833
cloning and characterization of a thermostable h2o-forming nadh oxidase from lactobacillus rhamnosus.nadh oxidase (nox) catalyzes the conversion of nadh to nad(+). a previously uncharacterized nox gene (lrnox) was cloned from lactobacillus rhamnosus and overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1359 bp, capable of encoding a polypeptide of 453 amino acid residues. the molecular mass of the purified lrnox enzyme was estimated to be ~50 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 100 kda by gel filtration chromatogra ...201222418266
antimicrobial and safety properties of lactobacilli isolated from two cameroonian traditional fermented foods.twenty-one lactobacillus isolates from "sha'a" (a maize - based fermented beverage) and "kossam" (traditionally fermented cow milk) were selected in accordance with their antagonistic activities and tested for their bacteriocinogenic potential as well as safety properties. these isolates were preliminarily identified as lactobacillus plantarum (62%), lactobacillus rhamnosus (24%), lactobacillus fermentum (10%) and lactobacillus coprophilus (4%) based on phenotypic characteristics and rep-pcr gen ...201122396914
extensively hydrolysed casein formula supplemented with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg maintains hypoallergenic status: randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.to evaluate the hypoallergenicity of an extensively hydrolysed (eh) casein formula supplemented with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg).201222396223
reduction of patulin in aqueous solution by lactic acid bacteria.this study aims to investigate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to remove patulin (pat) from aqueous solution with respect to the bacterial viability, initial pat concentration, incubation time, temperature, and ph. the removal of pat determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with uv detector. the maximum pat uptake was achieved by bifidobacterium bifidum 6071 and lactobacillus rhamnosus 6149 strains (52.9% and 51.1%) for viable and (54.1% and 52.0%) for nonvia ...201222394296
removal of patulin from apple juice using inactivated lactic acid bacteria.apples and apple products are the most notably commodities contaminated with patulin (pat), which cause detrimental effects on human health and economic problems. the primary objective of this study was to investigate the removal of pat contamination from apple juice using 10 different inactivated lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains.201222394257
glutamine synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase are adhesive moonlighting proteins of lactobacillus crispatus released by epithelial cathelicidin ll-37.glutamine synthetase (gs) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) were identified as novel adhesive moonlighting proteins of lactobacillus crispatus st1. both proteins were bound onto the bacterial surface at acidic phs, whereas a suspension of the cells to ph 8 caused their release into the buffer, a pattern previously observed with surface-bound enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of l. crispatus. the ph shift was associated with a rapid and transient increase in cell ...201222389474
analysis of the peptidoglycan hydrolase complement of lactobacillus casei and characterization of the major γ-d-glutamyl-l-lysyl-endopeptidase.peptidoglycan (pg) is the major component of gram positive bacteria cell wall and is essential for bacterial integrity and shape. bacteria synthesize pg hydrolases (pghs) which are able to cleave bonds in their own pg and play major roles in pg remodelling required for bacterial growth and division. our aim was to identify the main pghs in lactobacillus casei bl23, a lactic acid bacterium with probiotic properties.the pgh complement was first identified in silico by amino acid sequence similarit ...201222384208
the effects of ph oscillation on lactobacillus rhamnosus batch cultivation.inhomogeneous mixing in industrial-sized fermentation processes causes oscillations in process parameters such as temperature or ph value in the cultivation medium, which causes stress to the bacteria being cultivated. in this work, the impact of extracellular ph oscillations on the production of lactobacillus rhamnosus, a well-studied probiotic bacteria, were investigated by means of a scale-down batch process, simulating inhomogeneous ph values by controlling the ph value of the medium on sinu ...201222382165
decreased training volume and increased carbohydrate intake increases oxidized ldl levels.we studied effects of probiotics and training volume on oxidized ldl lipids (ox-ldl), serum antioxidant potential (s-trap) and serum antioxidants (s-α-tocopherol, s-γ-tocopherol, s-retinol, s-β-carotene and s-ubiquinone-10) in marathon runners during 3-months training period, 6-days preparation period and marathon run. runners (n=127) were recruited for a randomized, double-blind intervention during which they received either lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg, probiotic group) or placebo drink (pl ...201222377944
genetic and biochemical characterization of the cell wall hydrolase activity of the major secreted protein of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) produces two major secreted proteins, designated here msp1 (lgg_00324 or p75) and msp2 (lgg_00031 or p40), which have been reported to promote the survival and growth of intestinal epithelial cells. intriguingly, although each of these proteins shares homology with cell wall hydrolases, a physiological function that correlates with such an enzymatic activity remained to be substantiated in lgg. to investigate the bacterial function, we constructed knock-out mutan ...201222359601
characterization of a probiotic-derived soluble protein which reveals a mechanism of preventive and treatment effects of probiotics on intestinal inflammatory diseases.the beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. the known mechanisms for probiotic action include blocking pathogenic bacterial effects, enhancing the innate immunity and decreasing pathogen-induced inflammation, and promoting intestinal epithelial cell survival, barrier function, and protective responses. we purified and cloned a lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg)-derived soluble protein, p40. this protein ameliorated cytokine-indu ...201622356855
effect of water activity and protective solutes on growth and subsequent survival to air-drying of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium cultures.probiotic cultures of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bifidobacterium longum, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus acidophilus were grown in media having water activities (a (w)) adjusted between 0.99 and 0.94 with nacl or with a mixture of glycerol and sucrose in order to find conditions of osmotic stress which would still allow for good growth. cultures grown at a (w) = 0.96 or 0.99 were then recovered by centrifugation, added to a sucrose-phosphate medium and air-dried. in ...201222350318
modulation of the murine microbiome with a concomitant anti-obesity effect by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus sakei nr28.the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (git) constitutes the major part of the total human microbiome and is considered to be an important regulator of human health and host metabolism. numerous investigations in recent years have focused on the connection between the human microbiota and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type ii diabetes and atherosclerosis. yet, little is known about the impact of probiotic consumption on the git microbial population and the potential effect on chronic ...201222348905
dietary supplementation with probiotics improves hematopoiesis in malnourished mice.lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 (lr) administered during the repletion of immunocompromised-malnourished mice improves the resistance against intestinal and respiratory infections. this effect is associated with an increase in the number and functionality of immune cells, indicating that lr could have some influence on myeloid and lymphoid cell production and maturation.201222347448
the practicability and surgeons' subjective experiences with vaginal danazol before an operative hysteroscopy.this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study compared the usefulness of danazol 400mg vaginally versus 600mg orally in women as a preoperative preparation for hysteroscopic surgery. ninety-one fertile women were randomly allocated to group a (46 patients received 400mg of danazol placed into the posterior vaginal fornix and three oral tablets of commercially available folic acid as a placebo), and group b [45 women treated with 600mg of danazol orally (200mg three times daily) and two ...201222342469
whole-genome shotgun sequencing of lactobacillus rhamnosus mtcc 5462, a strain with probiotic potential.lactobacillus rhamnosus mtcc 5462 was isolated from infant gastrointestinal flora. the strain exhibited an ability to reduce cholesterol and stimulate immunity. the strain has exhibited positive results in alleviating gastrointestinal discomfort and good potential as a probiotic. we sequenced the whole genome of the strain and compared it to the published genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (atcc 53103).201222328760
effects of chlorhexidine, listerine and fluoride listerine mouthrinses on four putative root-caries pathogens in the biofilm.to investigate the effects of chlorhexidine (chx), listerine and fluoride listerine on putative root-caries pathogens in the biofilm in the artificial mouth model.201122319755
acid production and growth by oral lactobacillus species in vitro.to analyze the acid-producing and growth abilities of different oral lactobacillus species.201122298522
the major secreted protein msp1/p75 is o-glycosylated in lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.although the occurrence, biosynthesis and possible functions of glycoproteins are increasingly documented for pathogens, glycoproteins are not yet widely described in probiotic bacteria. nevertheless, knowledge of protein glycosylation holds important potential for better understanding specific glycan-mediated interactions of probiotics and for glycoengineering in food-grade microbes.201222297095
manufacture of fior di latte cheese by incorporation of probiotic lactobacilli.this work aimed to select heat-resistant probiotic lactobacilli to be added to fior di latte (high-moisture cow milk mozzarella) cheese. first, 18 probiotic strains belonging to lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus reuteri were screened. resistance to heating (65 or 55°c for 10 min) varied markedly between strains. adaptation at 42°c for 10 min increased the heat resistance at ...201222281315
draft genome sequence of probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus r0011.lactobacillus rhamnosus r0011 is a commercially available probiotic that is widely used in human dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products. we prepared a draft genome sequence consisting of 10 contigs totaling 2,900,620 bases and a g+c content of 46.7% for this strain.201222275100
the antimicrobial properties of the lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components against foodborne pathogens and the conservation of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus.the antimicrobial properties of lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) were studied against escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and lactobacillus rhamnosus to determine which fractional components have antimicrobial effects and which microorganisms are most susceptible to these antimicrobial properties. lowbush blueberry extract (f1) was separated using a c-18 sep-pak cartridge into monomeric phenolics (f2) and anthocyanins plus proanthocyanidins (f3). ...201222265292
lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 enhances nf-kappab activation in escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells through tlr4.abstract: background: epithelial cells of the urinary tract recognize pathogenic bacteria through pattern recognition receptors on their surface, such as toll-like receptors (tlrs), and mount an immune response through the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. some uropathogenic bacteria can subvert these cellular responses, creating problems with how the host eliminates pathogens. lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that are part of the microbiota and consist of many probiotic stra ...201222264349
effect of micronutrient and probiotic fortified yogurt on immune-function of anti-retroviral therapy naive hiv patients.background: micronutrient supplementation has been shown to reduce the progression of hiv but does not have an effect on the intestinal barrier or the intestinal microbiota of hiv patients. studies have suggested that probiotics could potentially complement micronutrients in preserving the immune-function of hiv patients. objective: assess the impact of micronutrient supplemented probiotic yogurt on the immune function of hiv patients. design:we performed a randomized, double blind, controlled t ...201122254084
pilot-scale production and viability analysis of freeze-dried probiotic bacteria using different protective agents.the functional food industry requires an improvement of probiotic strain stability during storage, especially when they are stored at room temperature. in this study, the viability of freeze-dried lactobacillus rhamnosus imc 501(®) and lactobacillus paracasei imc 502(®) using different protective agents (i.e., glycerine, mannitol, sorbitol, inulin, dextrin, crystalean(®)) was determined and compared with semi skimmed milk (ssm) control. no significant differences were observed between the tested ...201022254025
genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 8530.lactobacillus rhamnosus is found in the human gastrointestinal tract and is important for probiotics. we became interested in l. rhamnosus isolate atcc 8530 in relation to beer spoilage and hops resistance. we report here the genome sequence of this isolate, along with a brief comparison to other available l. rhamnosus genome sequences.201222247527
characterization of the spacba pilus fibers in the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is a human intestinal isolate that has been studied intensively because of its probiotic properties. we have previously shown that l. rhamnosus gg produces proteinaceous pili that earlier had been observed only in gram-positive pathogens (m. kankainen et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 106:17193-17198, 2009). these pili were found to be encoded by the spacba gene cluster, and the pilus-associated spac pilin was shown to confer on the cells a mucus-binding ability. ...201222247175
infant food allergy: where are we now?for many years, the prevailing maxim for prevention of food allergy in at-risk infants was to reduce allergic sensitization by avoiding exposure to highly allergenic foods until the baby's immune and digestive systems were sufficiently developed to cope with the allergen. current thinking is completely different: exposure to food in the early stages of development may be the way to induce tolerance. exclusive breastfeeding until 4-6 months, followed by introduction of complementary foods individ ...201222237876
synergistic effect between two bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by lactobacilli strains with inhibitory activity for streptococcus agalactiae.group b streptococci (gbs) are bacterial species that colonize the vagina in pregnant women and as such may cause serious infections in neonates that passed through the birth channel. the objective of this work was to study the inhibitory activities produced by each bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) of lactobacillus rhamnosus l60 and lactobacillus fermentum l23, and the effects of the combined blis-es of these lactobacilli on gbs. the interactions between the blis-es were assessed by ...201222231454
enveloped virus but not bacteria block il-13 responses in human cord blood t cells in vitro.infections that occur early in life may have a beneficial effect on the immune system and thereby reduce the risk of allergen sensitization and/or allergic disease. it is not yet clear to what extent specific virus and/or bacteria can mediate this effect. the purpose of this study was to assess the role of virus and bacteria in cd4(+) t cell-derived cytokine production in newborns. we compared the effects of five bacteria (staphlococcus aureus, escherichia coli, clostridium difficile, lactobacil ...201222229804
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and bifidobacterium animalis mb5 induce intestinal but not systemic antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in ovalbumin-immunized rats.probiotics may modulate the host immune response by mechanisms not yet fully understood. we evaluated the modulation of intestinal and systemic antigen-specific immune response by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) or bifidobacterium animalis mb5 in tolerized and immunized rats. three groups of rats received orally lgg, b. animalis, or pbs (control) for 28 d. each group was divided into two subgroups of tolerized or immunized rats receiving orally ovalbumin (ova; 7 mg) or pbs on d 7, 9, and 11. al ...201222223570
Probiotic properties of Weissella strains isolated from human faeces.Three Weissellaconfusa and five Weissellacibaria strains were previously isolated from human faeces and their potential as probiotics was examined in this work. Resistance to low pHs (pH 2.0 and 3.0) and 0.3% bile salt were examined. Enzyme activities, susceptibilities to heat treatment and various antibiotics, and adhesion capacities to Caco-2 cells were also examined. All Weissella strains were killed when exposed to pH 2.0 for 2 h but survived at pH 3.0 with different survival ratios. W. conf ...201122200451
effect of pepsin-treated bovine and goat caseinomacropeptide on escherichia coli and lactobacillus rhamnosus in acidic conditions.caseinomacropeptide (cmp) is a 7-kda phosphoglycopolypeptide released from κ-casein during milk digestion and in the cheesemaking process. the objective of the study was to analyze the effect of pepsin-treated cmp from cow and goat milk on the resistance of escherichia coli and lactobacillus rhamnosus during acid stress. bacterial cells in the exponential growth phase were suspended in acidified phosphate buffered saline with or without pepsin-treated cmp. viability was determined during a 90-mi ...201222192178
The influence of probiotics on the cervical malignancy diagnostics quality.Probiotics help to provide an optimum balance in the intestines. Probiotics species competitive block toxic substances and growth of unwanted bacteria and yeast species while they compete for the space and food. Lactogyn is the first oral probiotics on Serbian market dedicated to maintaining a normal vaginal flora. Lactogyn contains two well studied probiotics strains - Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14. Both of them are considered as probiotic agents with therapeutic ...201122191313
Bovine Lactoferrin Prevents Invasive Fungal Infections in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Background: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (10(6) colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we ...201222184648
In vitro testing of commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria.Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of selected commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria using common in vitro screening assays such as transit tolerance in the upper human gastrointestinal tract, adhesion capacity to human intestinal cell lines and effect on epithelial barrier function. The selected bacteria include strains of Lac ...201122177712
the effect of a multispecies probiotic mixture on the symptoms and fecal microbiota in diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.background:: the clinical effect of probiotics on irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is still controversial. aims:: we aimed to evaluate the effects of a probiotic mixture on ibs symptoms and the composition of fecal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-dominant ibs (d-ibs). methods:: fifty patients with d-ibs were randomized into placebo or probiotic mixture (lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium lactis, bifidobacterium l ...201122157240
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