Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| large b cell lymphoma presenting initially in bone marrow, liver and spleen: an aggressive entity associated frequently with haemophagocytic syndrome. | to describe diffuse large b cell lymphoma (dlbcl) presenting initially in bone marrow, liver and spleen (bls-type) without lymphadenopathy. | 2010 | 21166693 |
| morphofunctional characteristics of syncytiotrophoblast and content of heat shock protein 70 in it during exacerbation of herpesvirus infection in pregnant women. | exacerbation of herpesvirus infection during pregnancy is associated with damage to syncytiotrophoblast inflicted by herpesvirus either directly or via tnf-α (due to contact of nk lymphocytes with villus surface). a sharp decrease in the content of heat shock protein with a molecular weight of 70 da and activation of caspase-3 were noted in placenta homogenate. this leads to disturbances in syncytiotrophoblast cytosol structure and increase in the relative content of apoptotic nuclei. | 2010 | 21161074 |
| palmitoylation of mir2 is required for its function. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes two ring finger e3 ubiquitin ligases (mir1 and mir2) that mediate ubiquitination and degradation of cellular proteins important for the establishment of an efficient antiviral immune response. mir1 and mir2 share 30% sequence identity; however, their substrate preferences are varied. mir1 has been shown to primarily downregulate major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i), whereas mir2 can downregulate a wide range of cell surface prote ... | 2010 | 21159884 |
| phosphorylation and polyubiquitination of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 are necessary for activation of nf-kappab by the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) protein has been shown to induce several signaling pathways leading to the modulation of host gene expression. the hijacking of these pathways facilitates the viral life cycle and leads to tumorigenesis. in the present work, we show that transforming growth factor β (tgf-β)-activated kinase 1 (tak1) is an important player in nf-κb activation induced by vgpcr. we observed that the expression of an inactive tak1 kina ... | 2010 | 21159881 |
| the capacity of ul49.5 proteins to inhibit tap is widely distributed among members of the genus varicellovirus. | the lifelong infection by varicelloviruses is characterized by a fine balance between the host immune response and immune evasion strategies used by these viruses. virus-derived peptides are presented to cytotoxic t lymphocytes by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) transports the peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the loading of mhc-i molecules occurs. the varicelloviruses bovine herpesvi ... | 2010 | 21159875 |
| functional characterization of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame k8 by bacterial artificial chromosome-based mutagenesis. | the open reading frame k8 of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes a basic leucine zipper (bzip) protein that binds to the origin of viral dna replication and is an integral component of viral lytic dna replication complex. moreover, k8 physically interacts with replication and transcription activator (rta) and represses its transactivation activity on several viral promoters. to investigate the role of this protein in viral life cycle, we constructed two k8-null recombinant mut ... | 2010 | 21159864 |
| in vitro assessment of the antiviral potential of trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin and morin against equid herpesvirus 1. | the antiviral activity of quercetin, morin and trans-cinnamic acid was evaluated in vitro against equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) by determining the virucidal activity and using the time of addition assay to test inhibition of the viral replication cycle. the cytotoxicity of each substance was assessed using mtt [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. quercetin showed virucidal action and inhibition of the viral replication cycle at 0 and 1h. morin showed potential virucidal ... | 2010 | 21159355 |
| isolation and characterization of koi herpesvirus (khv) from indonesia: identification of a new genetic lineage. | koi herpesvirus (khv) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (khvd) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. we report the first isolation of khv from koi and common carp in indonesia and initial characterization of the isolates. clinical signs, histopathology and virion morphology are similar to those of isolates from other countries. phylogenetic analyses using the thymidine kinase gene amplified from each isolate and from carp ... | 2010 | 21158870 |
| serological evidences of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in bovines of organized farms in india. | bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of cattle causing a variety of clinical signs, including the upper respiratory tract infection, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, a highly infectious disease of cattle and buffaloes, occurs throughout the world including india. the present study based on micro-serum neutralization test reports the sero-epidemiology of bhv-1 infection in cattle and buffaloes from different parts of india. serum sa ... | 2010 | 21156033 |
| incidence and impact of herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus detection in the respiratory tract after lung transplantation. | i. engelmann, n. hesse, c. fegbeutel, m. strüber, m. wehrhane, j. gottlieb, t. welte, t.f. schulz, a.r. simon, f. mattner. incidence and impact of herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus detection in the respiratory tract after lung transplantation. transpl infect dis 2011: 13: 259-265. all rights reserved abstract: herpesvirus infections cause morbidity in lung transplant recipients. the study was conducted to investigate the incidence and impact of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and cytomegalovirus (cm ... | 2010 | 21156011 |
| the role of live fish movements in spreading koi herpesvirus throughout england and wales. | 2010 | 21155075 | |
| role of tegument proteins in herpesvirus assembly and egress. | morphogenesis and maturation of viral particles is an essential step of viral replication. an infectious herpesviral particle has a multilayered architecture, and contains a large dna genome, a capsid shell, a tegument and an envelope spiked with glycoproteins. unique to herpesviruses, tegument is a structure that occupies the space between the nucleocapsid and the envelope and contains many virus encoded proteins called tegument proteins. historically the tegument has been described as an amorp ... | 2010 | 21153516 |
| the canonical and unconventional ligands of the herpesvirus entry mediator. | 2011 | 21153339 | |
| herpesvirus vaccines: challenges and future prospects. | human herpes viruses are a family of large double stranded dna viruses. their life-cycle is characterized by an initial lytic cycle of infection in which large numbers of new virions are generated, followed by a pattern of lifelong latent infection with intermittent reactivation and viral shedding. co-evolution over millennia has resulted in an interaction between host and pathogen which leads to the successful establishment of a lifelong latent infection with typically minimal impact upon the h ... | 2010 | 21150281 |
| crystal structure of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) glycoprotein h/glycoprotein l (gh/gl) complex. | the epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a γ-herpesvirus that infects b cells and epithelial cells and that has been linked to malignancies in both cell types in vivo. ebv, like other herpesviruses, has three glycoproteins, glycoprotein b (gb), gh, and gl, that form the core membrane fusion machinery mediating viral penetration into the cell. the gh and gl proteins associate to form a heterodimeric complex, which is necessary for efficient membrane fusion and also implicated in direct binding to epitheli ... | 2010 | 21149717 |
| structure of a core fragment of glycoprotein h from pseudorabies virus in complex with antibody. | compared with many well-studied enveloped viruses, herpesviruses use a more sophisticated molecular machinery to induce fusion of viral and cellular membranes during cell invasion. this essential function is carried out by glycoprotein b (gb), a class iii viral fusion protein, together with the heterodimer of glycoproteins h and l (gh/gl). in pseudorabies virus (prv), a porcine herpesvirus, it was shown that gh/gl can be substituted by a chimeric fusion protein gdgh, containing the receptor bind ... | 2010 | 21149698 |
| expression profiles of micrornas encoded by the oncogenic marek's disease virus reveal two distinct expression patterns in vivo during different phases of disease. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a long-recognized oncogenic herpesvirus, which induces lymphoma in its natural host that can be prevented by vaccination. mdv infection provides an excellent biological model for investigating the biology, genetics and immunology of viral oncogenesis. recently discovered micrornas (mirnas) in the mdv genome have been suggested to have regulatory roles during mdv oncogenesis. we have examined the expression profiles of all 22 previously reported mirnas encoded by md ... | 2010 | 21148277 |
| characterization of the betaherpesviral pul69 protein family reveals binding of the cellular mrna export factor uap56 as a prerequisite for stimulation of nuclear mrna export and for efficient viral replication. | ul69 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) encodes a pleiotropic transactivator protein and has a counterpart in every member of the herpesviridae family thus far sequenced. however, little is known about the conservation of the functions of the nuclear phosphoprotein pul69 in the homologous proteins of other betaherpesviruses. therefore, eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed for pc69 of chimpanzee cytomegalovirus, prh69 of rhesus cytomegalovirus, pm69 of murine cytomegalovirus, pu42 of human ... | 2010 | 21147923 |
| an atm/chk2-mediated dna damage-responsive signaling pathway suppresses epstein-barr virus transformation of primary human b cells. | epstein-barr virus (ebv), an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes human malignancies, infects and immortalizes primary human b cells in vitro into indefinitely proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines, which represent a model for ebv-induced tumorigenesis. the immortalization efficiency is very low, suggesting that an innate tumor suppressor mechanism is operative. we identify the dna damage response (ddr) as a major component of the underlying tumor suppressor mechanism. ebv-induced ddr activation ... | 2010 | 21147465 |
| identification of herpesviruses types 1 to 8 and human papillomavirus in acute apical abscesses. | it has been suggested that viruses, especially herpesviruses, can play a role in the pathogenesis of marginal and apical periodontitis. this study aimed to detect herpesviruses types 1 to 8, namely herpes simplex virus (hsv-1/2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6), human herpesvirus-7 (hhv-7), and human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) as well as human papillomavirus (hpv) in acute apical abscesses. | 2010 | 21146068 |
| prevalence of human cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus in subgingival plaque at peri-implantitis, mucositis and healthy sites. a pilot study. | this study evaluated the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in peri-implantitis and mucositis sites and the correlation between herpesvirus and clinical parameters. fifty-six dental implants (mean time of loading, 4.27±1.6 years) were evaluated (20 peri-implantitis, 18 mucositis, 18 healthy peri-implant sites.) the clinical parameters assessed were: visible plaque index (pi), bleeding on probing (bop), suppuration (sup), probing depth (pd). a polymerase chain ... | 2010 | 21145210 |
| facial herpes zoster complicated by varicella zoster virus (vzv) encephalitis: the diagnostic significance of atypical lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). | in general, viral infections of the central nervous system (cns) manifest as encephalitis and, less commonly, as meningoencephalitis or aseptic meningitis. varicella zoster virus (vzv) is an uncommon cause of encephalitis. | 2010 | 21144586 |
| robust inference of the context specific structure and temporal dynamics of gene regulatory network. | response of cells to changing endogenous or exogenous conditions is governed by intricate molecular interactions, or regulatory networks. to lead to appropriate responses, regulatory network should be 1) context-specific, i.e., its constituents and topology depend on the phonotypical and experimental context including tissue types and cell conditions, such as damage, stress, macroenvironments of cell, etc. and 2) time varying, i.e., network elements and their regulatory roles change actively ove ... | 2010 | 21143778 |
| [testing for btv, bvdv and bhv-1 in blood samples of new world camelids kept in middle germany]. | the susceptibility of camelids for infectious agents which may result in severe economic losses or which are strictly regulated for epidemiological reasons in farm animals potentially causes a mutual risk of transmission. this study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bluetongue virus (btv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) as well as the presence of pestivirus antigen in new world camelids in central germany. therefore 107 serum samples fr ... | 2010 | 21141278 |
| hsv-1 infection of human corneal epithelial cells: receptor-mediated entry and trends of re-infection. | the human cornea is a primary target for herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) infection. the goals of the study were to determine the cellular modalities of hsv-1 entry into human corneal epithelial (hce) cells. specific features of the study included identifying major entry receptors, assessing ph dependency, and determining trends of re-infection. | 2010 | 21139972 |
| induction of a th-1-biased igg subclass response against equine herpesvirus type 1 in horses previously infected with type 4 virus. | an immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass response against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infection was investigated in horses that were naïve to ehv-1/4 and those that had previously been exposed to ehv-4. the igg subclass response was determined by an elisa using ehv-1-specific recombinant gg protein as an antigen. in most horses naïve to ehv-1/4, igga, iggb, and igg(t) were induced after experimental infection with ehv-1. in contrast, a subclass response dominated by igga and iggb, with no appare ... | 2010 | 21139350 |
| down-regulation of a host microrna by a viral noncoding rna. | primate herpesviruses express more noncoding rnas (ncrnas) than any other class of mammalian viruses during either latency or the lytic phase of the viral life cycle. t cells transformed by the monkey virus herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) express seven viral u-rich ncrnas called hsurs. conserved sequences in hsurs1 and 2 exhibit complementarity to three host-cell micrornas (mirnas). the predicted interactions of hsurs1 and 2 with these mirnas were confirmed by coimmuno-precipitation experiments perfor ... | 2010 | 21139068 |
| withdrawn: corrigendum to "characterization of the nuclear and nucleolar localization signals of bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27" [virus res. 145 (2009) 312-320]. | this article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. | 2010 | 21134698 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for orf68 of koi herpesvirus. | outbreaks of koi herpesvirus (khv) infection in carp are still a serious problem worldwide. khv is closely related to other two cyprinid herpesviruses, pox herpesvirus (chv) and haematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus (cyhv-2) in goldfish. in this study, two major khv antigenic proteins (orf62 and orf68) were identified by immunoscreening using a khv-specific polyclonal antibody, and then monoclonal antibodies were generated for immunodiagnostic studies. after screening hybridoma cells, one mab agai ... | 2010 | 21134694 |
| relative risk of reducing the lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men versus currently tolerated transfusion risks. | the risks of known and emerging transfusion-transmitted infections (ttis) from reducing the current lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men (msm) to 1 or 5 years were compared to the risk from continuing to transfuse in the united states 12.5% of platelet doses as pooled whole-blood-derived (rather than single-donor) platelets. assumptions made in mathematical models and blood donor/transfusion studies of the risks of ttis since 2000 were evaluated. the number of hiv, ... | 2011 | 21134626 |
| the effects of viral load on pseudorabies virus gene expression. | herpesvirus genes are classified into distinct kinetic groups on the basis of their expression dynamics during lytic growth of the virus in cultured cells at a high, typically 10 plaque-forming units/cell multiplicity of infection (moi). it has been shown that both the host response and the success of a pathogen are dependent on the quantity of particles infecting an organism. this work is a continuation of an earlier study 1, in which we characterized the overall expression of prv genes followi ... | 2010 | 21134263 |
| modulation of interferon regulatory factor 5 activities by the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 3 contributes to immune evasion and lytic induction. | multiple kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-encoded proteins with potential roles in kshv-associated neoplasms have been identified. kshv encodes 4 genes with homology to transcription factors of the interferon (ifn) regulatory factor (irf) family. viral irf3 (virf3) is expressed in latently kshv-infected primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells and was recently shown to be essential for the survival of pel cells. the focus of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) of virf3 oncoge ... | 2010 | 21133648 |
| withdrawn: corrigendum to "characterization of the nuclear import and export mechanisms of bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27" [virus research 149 (2010) 95-103]. | this article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. | 2010 | 21130511 |
| structure and sequence of the saimiriine herpesvirus 1 genome. | we report here the complete genome sequence of the squirrel monkey α-herpesvirus saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (hvs1). unlike the simplexviruses of other primate species, only the unique short region of the hvs1 genome is bounded by inverted repeats. while all old world simian simplexviruses characterized to date lack the herpes simplex virus rl1 (γ34.5) gene, hvs1 has an rl1 gene. hvs1 lacks several genes that are present in other primate simplexviruses (us8.5, us10-12, ul43/43.5 and ul49a). althoug ... | 2010 | 21130483 |
| frequent detection of human herpes virus-8 in bone marrow of jordanian patients of multiple myeloma. | the association between human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8), also called kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv), and the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma remains controversial. many past studies conducting on different populations have come to contradicting conclusions. in this study, we attempted to investigate the presence of hhv-8 in jordanian multiple myeloma patients. we carried out nucleic acid amplification reactions targeting specific viral dna sequences on 35 fresh bone marrow aspirate ... | 2010 | 21130059 |
| pathogenicity of a very virulent strain of marek's disease herpesvirus cloned as infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes. | bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) vectors containing the full-length genomes of several herpesviruses have been used widely as tools to enable functional studies of viral genes. marek's disease viruses (mdvs) are highly oncogenic alphaherpesviruses that induce rapid-onset t-cell lymphomas in chickens. oncogenic strains of mdv reconstituted from bac clones have been used to examine the role of viral genes in inducing tumours. past studies have demonstrated continuous increase in virulence of ... | 2010 | 21127705 |
| multiplex real-time rt-pcr detection of three viruses associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is considered the most significant illness associated with feedlot cattle in north america and possibly worldwide. brdc is a multi-factorial disease with environmental conditions interacting with multiple viral and bacterial pathogens to produce severe respiratory illness. bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 are three of the major viruses associated with brdc. in this study, a multiplex real-time rt-pcr usi ... | 2010 | 21126537 |
| risk of classic kaposi sarcoma with exposures to plants and soils in sicily. | abstract: | 2010 | 21126363 |
| human herpesvirus-8 infection leads to expansion of the preimmune/natural effector b cell compartment. | human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) is the etiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and of some lymphoproliferative disorders of b cells. most malignancies develop after long-lasting viral dormancy, and a preventing role for both humoral and cellular immune control is suggested by the high frequency of these pathologies in immunosuppressed patients. b cells, macrophages and dendritic cells of peripheral lymphoid organs and blood represent the major reservoir of hhv-8. due to the dual role of b cells i ... | 2010 | 21124778 |
| constitutive mtorc1 activation by a herpesvirus akt surrogate stimulates mrna translation and viral replication. | all viruses require cellular ribosomes to translate their mrnas. viruses producing methyl-7 (m⁷) gtp-capped mrnas, like herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1), stimulate cap-dependent translation by activating mtorc1 to inhibit the translational repressor 4e-binding protein 1 (4e-bp1). here, we establish that the hsv-1 kinase us3 masquerades as akt to activate mtorc1. remarkably, us3 displays no sequence homology with the cellular kinase akt, yet directly phosphorylates tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (tsc ... | 2010 | 21123650 |
| in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus in the abalone haliotis laevigata. | as viruses are extremely abundant in oceans, marine organisms may have evolved novel metabolites to protect themselves from viral infection. this research examined a well-known commercial gastropod, abalone (haliotidae), which in australia have recently experienced disease due to a neurotropic infection, abalone viral ganglioneuritis, caused by an abalone herpesvirus (abhv). due to the lack of molluscan cell lines for culturing abhv, the antiviral activity of the abalone haliotis laevigata was a ... | 2010 | 21123549 |
| kaposi's sarcoma: an opportunistic infection by human herpesvirus-8 in ulcerative colitis. | kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular tumor caused by human herpesvirus-8 infection. iatrogenic kaposi's sarcoma often occurs in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. to date, a few cases of colonic kaposi's sarcoma have been reported in ulcerative colitis patients treated with immunomodulators. we describe a 65-year-old male diagnosed with left-sided ulcerative colitis who was treated with methotrexate and low-dose steroids for greater than 6 years. he presented with several papular, violet le ... | 2010 | 21122564 |
| transmission of ovine herpesvirus 2 from asymptomatic boars to sows. | 2010 | 21122250 | |
| cyprinid herpesvirus 3. | the recently designated cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is an emerging agent that causes fatal disease in common and koi carp. since its emergence in the late 1990s, this highly contagious pathogen has caused severe financial losses in common and koi carp culture industries worldwide. in addition to its economic role, recent studies suggest that cyhv-3 may have a role in fundamental research. cyhv-3 has the largest genome among viruses in the order herpesvirales and serves as a model for mutagen ... | 2010 | 21122210 |
| iatrogenic oral hairy leukoplakia: report of two cases. | oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl) presents as a white, plaque-like lesion typically occurring on the lateral border of the tongue. this condition is caused by the epstein-barr virus, a human herpesvirus that often establishes lifelong, asymptomatic latent infection. ohl, initially described in immunocompromised men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), has also been described in other severely immunocompromised patients. only rarely has ohl been reported in less profoundly immunocompr ... | 2010 | 21121942 |
| malignancies in the setting of primary immunodeficiency: implications for hematologists/oncologists. | many primary immunodeficiency disorders (pidd) are associated with elevated risks for different types of cancer. defective immunosurveillance mechanisms in pidd and infection with oncogenic viruses (eg, epstein barr, herpesvirus 8) seem to have significant contributory roles in many cases. non-hodgkin lymphoma and hodgkin disease are two of the most common pidd-associated malignancies. the impact of pidd-associated malignancy has increased in recent years in parallel with improved patient with p ... | 2011 | 21120868 |
| human herpesvirus 6. | 2011 | 21120721 | |
| detection of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 dna in saliva from healthy adults from rio de janeiro, brazil. | in this study, we aimed to evaluate virus shedding in the saliva of healthy adults from the metropolitan region of the city of rio de janeiro, brazil, in order to verify the prevalence of both human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (hhv-6, hhv-7). the studied group comprised 182 healthy individuals at pedro ernesto university hospital, who were being seen for annual odontologic revisions. saliva specimens were subjected to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect the presence of hhv-6a, hhv-6b ... | 2010 | 21120365 |
| green propolis phenolic compounds act as vaccine adjuvants, improving humoral and cellular responses in mice inoculated with inactivated vaccines. | adjuvants play an important role in vaccine formulations by increasing their immunogenicity. in this study, the phenolic compound-rich j fraction (jfr) of a brazilian green propolis methanolic extract stimulated cellular and humoral immune responses when co-administered with an inactivated vaccine against swine herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1). when compared to control vaccines that used aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant, the use of 10 mg/dose of jfr significantly increased (p < 0.05) neutralizing a ... | 2010 | 21120362 |
| quebec: detection of bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus dna in tissues of a bovine aborted fetus. | 2010 | 21119872 | |
| molecular detection of herpesviruses. | in routine molecular diagnostics, detection of herpesviruses has made a major impact. infection with herpesviruses is indicated by demonstrating the presence of the virus in selected specimens. rapid and reliable detection of herpesvirus dna helps to decrease the lethality as well as the sequelae of herpesvirus infection in patients at risk. this chapter discusses specimen types and both laboratory-developed and commercially available assays useful for molecular detection of herpesviruses. to me ... | 2011 | 21116798 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus serum dna and antibodies not associated with subsequent non-hodgkin lymphoma risk. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv) infects b-cells and is found in non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) b-cell tumors and could therefore contribute to the occurrence of nhl. we performed a nested case-control study including 155 incident nhl cases and matched noncancer controls. pre-nhl serum was tested for kshv dna and antibodies. serum kshv dna was more common in cases than controls (14% versus 6%, p = 0.03), but after adjustment, the difference was not significant. epstein-barr virus serum ... | 2011 | 21116187 |
| swine adipose stromal cells loaded with recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 virions expressing a foreign antigen induce potent humoral immune responses in pigs. | increasingly effective vaccination strategies are needed to counteract the high incidence of contagious diseases associated with intensive swine breeding. recombinant viral vaccines are a promising new avenue in this direction. key features of viral vectors suitable for immunoprophylaxis are safety, ease of manipulation and the ability to replicate in a variety of hosts. most of the above requirements are met by bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4), a non-pathogenic dsdna virus capable of infecting a b ... | 2010 | 21115049 |
| identification and characterization of duck plague virus glycoprotein c gene and gene product. | viral envelope proteins have been proposed to play significant roles in the process of viral infection. | 2010 | 21110887 |
| the meq oncoprotein of marek's disease virus interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional and apoptotic activities. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus, which causes malignant lymphoma in chickens. the meq protein of mdv, which is expressed abundantly in mdv-infected cells and in marek's disease (md) tumor cells, functions as a transcriptional activator and has been proposed to play an important role in oncogenic transformation. preliminary studies demonstrated that meq is able to bind p53 in vitro, as demonstrated using a protein-binding assay. this observation prompted us to examine whet ... | 2010 | 21110861 |
| poly(a) tail recognition by a viral rna element through assembly of a triple helix. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus produces a highly abundant, nuclear noncoding rna, polyadenylated nuclear (pan) rna, which contains an element that prevents its decay. the 79-nucleotide expression and nuclear retention element (ene) was proposed to adopt a secondary structure like that of a box h/aca small nucleolar rna (snorna), with a u-rich internal loop that hybridizes to and protects the pan rna poly(a) tail. the crystal structure of a complex between the 40-nucleotide ene core and ... | 2010 | 21109672 |
| pentagalloylglucose downregulates cofilin1 and inhibits hsv-1 infection. | to investigate the anti-herpesvirus mechanism of pentagalloylglucose (pgg), we compared the proteomic changes between herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected mrc-5 cells with or without pgg-treatment, and between non-infected mrc-5 cells with or without pgg-treatment by 2-de and ms-based analysis. differentially expressed cellular proteins were mainly involved with actin cytoskeleton regulation. significantly, pgg can down-regulate cofilin1, a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. p ... | 2010 | 21108969 |
| seeing the portal in herpes simplex virus type 1 b capsids. | resolving the nonicosahedral components in large icosahedral viruses remains a technical challenge in structural virology. we have used the emerging technique of zernike phase-contrast electron cryomicroscopy to enhance the image contrast of ice-embedded herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids. image reconstruction enabled us to retrieve the structure of the unique portal vertex in the context of the icosahedral capsid and, for the first time, show the subunit organization of a portal in a virus inf ... | 2010 | 21106752 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf57 interacts with cellular rna export cofactors rbm15 and ott3 to promote expression of viral orf59. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes orf57, which promotes the accumulation of specific kshv mrna targets, including orf59 mrna. we report that the cellular export nxf1 cofactors rbm15 and ott3 participate in orf57-enhanced expression of kshv orf59. we also found that ectopic expression of rbm15 or ott3 augments orf59 production in the absence of orf57. while rbm15 promotes the accumulation of orf59 rna predominantly in the nucleus compared to the levels in the cytoplasm, we fo ... | 2010 | 21106733 |
| reverse transfected cell microarrays in infectious disease research. | several human pathogenic viruses encode large genomes with often more than 100 genes. viral pathogenicity is determined by carefully orchestrated co-operative activities of several different viral genes which trigger the phenotypic functions of the infected cells. systematic analyses of these complex interactions require high-throughput transfection technology. here we have provided a laboratory manual for the reverse transfected cell microarray (rtcm; alternative name: cell chip) as a high-thro ... | 2011 | 21104058 |
| first report of lamotrigine-induced drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome with pancreatitis. | to report a case of lamotrigine-induced drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress) syndrome with pancreatitis as the initial visceral involvement. | 2010 | 21098750 |
| equine herpesvirus-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations during viremia. | infection with equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) causes respiratory disease, late term abortions and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis (ehm) and remains an important problem in horses worldwide. despite increasing outbreaks of ehm in recent years, our understanding of ehm pathogenesis is still limited except for the knowledge that a cell-associated viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) is a critical link between primary respiratory ehv-1 infection and secondary complications such a ... | 2010 | 21093993 |
| epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1) confers resistance to apoptosis in ebv-positive b-lymphoma cells through up-regulation of survivin. | resistance to apoptosis is an important component of the overall mechanism which drives the tumorigenic process. ebv is a ubiquitous human gamma-herpesvirus which preferentially establishes latent infection in viral infected b-lymphocytes. ebna1 is typically expressed in most forms of ebv-positive malignancies and is important for replication of the latent episome in concert with replication of the host cells. here, we investigate the effects of ebna1 on survivin up-regulation in ebv-infected hu ... | 2010 | 21093004 |
| withdrawal of the culprit drug induces reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. | 2010 | 21091676 | |
| a case of pneumonitis and encephalitis associated with human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) infection after bone marrow transplantation. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6)-associated encephalitis or pneumonitis has been reported in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. several mri studies in patients with hhv-6-associated encephalitis have been presented. however, to the best of our knowledge, no studies describing thin-section ct imaging in patients with hhv-6-associated pneumonitis have been reported. here we describe a case of hhv-6-associated encephalitis and pneumonitis that developed after bone marrow transplantation. ... | 2010 | 21088083 |
| hla polymorphisms and detection of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus dna in saliva and peripheral blood among children and their mothers in the uganda sickle cell anemia kshv study. | abstract: kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, also called human herpesvirus 8 or hhv8) is a γ-2 herpesvirus that causes kaposi sarcoma. kshv seroprevalence rates vary geographically with variable rates recorded in different sub sahara african countries, suggesting that effects of genetic and/or environmental factors may influence the risk of infection. one study conducted in south africa, where kshv seroprevalence is relatively low, found that carriage of human leukocyte antigen (hla) a ... | 2010 | 21087485 |
| [morphofunctional characteristics of the fetoplacental complex in pregnant women with an exacerbation of herpes virus infection and pathomorphological changes in fetal organs]. | impaired placental cholesterol synthesis in a pregnant woman with an exacerbation of herpesvirus infection is characterized by disturbances in placental hormone biosynthesis, causing severe morphological changes in fetal organs (liver, adrenals, lungs, and thymus). | 2010 | 21086639 |
| risk factors influencing antibody responses to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent and lytic antigens in patients under antiretroviral therapy. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) seropositivity and lytic antibody titer are predictors for kaposi's sarcoma. | 2011 | 21084997 |
| tumor viruses and cancer biology: modulating signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention. | tumor viruses have provided relatively simple genetic systems, which can be manipulated for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the cellular transformation process. a growing body of information in the tumor virology field provides several prospects for rationally targeted therapies. however, further research is needed to better understand the multiple mechanisms utilized by these viruses in cancer progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. initially viruses were believed to b ... | 2010 | 21084867 |
| a bovine herpesvirus type 1 mutant virus with truncated glycoprotein e cytoplasmic tail has defective anterograde neuronal transport in rabbit dorsal root ganglia primary neuronal cultures in a microfluidic chamber system. | bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) is an important component of the bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) in cattle. following primary intranasal and ocular infection of cattle, bhv-1 establishes lifelong latent infection in trigeminal ganglia (tg). upon reactivation from latency, the virus is transported from neuronal cell bodies in the tg to projected nerve endings in nose and cornea of latently infected cattle where the virus shedding occurs. this property of bhv-1 plays a significant role ... | 2010 | 21080783 |
| targeting of b and t lymphocyte associated (btla) prevents graft-versus-host disease without global immunosuppression. | graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) causes significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ahsct), preventing its broader application to non-life-threatening diseases. we show that a single administration of a nondepleting monoclonal antibody specific for the coinhibitory immunoglobulin receptor, b and t lymphocyte associated (btla), permanently prevented gvhd when administered at the time of ahsct. once gvhd was established, anti-btla treatment was unable ... | 2010 | 21078889 |
| fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol, induce apoptosis of primary effusion lymphomas. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a rare type of non-hodgkin's lymphoma caused by human herpesvirus 8. conventional chemotherapy has limited effect on pel, and the prognosis is poor. carotenoids are a family of natural pigments and have several biological functions. we evaluated the anti-pel effects of carotenoid, fucoxanthin (fx) and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol (fxoh). treatment of pel cells with fx or fxoh induced cell cycle arrest during g₁ phase and caspase-dependent apoptosis. fx and fxo ... | 2011 | 21078541 |
| serosurvey for selected pathogens in iberian roe deer. | the roe deer is the most abundant and widespread wild eurasian cervid. its populations are expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. this may affect the distribution of infectious diseases shared with other wild and domestic ungulates. | 2010 | 21078207 |
| monoclonal antibodies to b and t lymphocyte attenuator (btla) have no effect on in vitro b cell proliferation and act to inhibit in vitro t cell proliferation when presented in a cis, but not trans, format relative to the activating stimulus. | b and t lymphocyte attenuator (btla) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member surface protein expressed on b and t cells. its ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem), is believed to act as a monomeric agonist that signals via the crd1 of hvem to inhibit lymphocyte activation: hvem is also the receptor for lymphotoxin-α and light, which both bind in the crd2 and crd3 domains of the hvem molecule, and for cd160 which competes with btla. we have shown that recombinant hvem and a panel of different ... | 2010 | 21078085 |
| seroprevalence of canine herpesvirus-1 in turkish dog population. | canine herpesvirus-1 (chv-1) is the agent of reproductive and respiratory disorders in adult dogs, and the infection generally results in haemorrhagic disease conditions and neonatal death. in this study, virus neutralisation test that used complement (vnt) as well as in-house elisa were utilised to investigate the chv-1 seroprevalence in the turkish dog population. among the 560 serum samples, 39.3% of the samples tested by elisa were chv-1 positive while 29.4% of the samples tested by vnt were ... | 2010 | 21075406 |
| geographic heterogeneity of prevalence of the human herpesvirus 8 in sub-saharan africa: clues about etiology. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8, or kaposi sarcoma [ks]-associated herpesvirus, kshv) is a necessary but insufficient cause of ks, as ks develops in few hhv-8-infected persons. in sub-saharan africa, marked differences in the geographic distribution of hhv-8 and ks suggest that environmental cofactors influence hhv-8 transmission, control, and progression to ks. however, a direct comparison of hhv-8 prevalence estimates is complicated because studies used different serologic assays and analytic metho ... | 2010 | 21074111 |
| phase ii aids malignancy consortium trial of topical halofuginone in aids-related kaposi sarcoma. | using a novel blinded intrapatient vehicle control design, we conducted a phase ii study of topically administered halofuginone, an angiogenesis inhibitor that inhibits collagen type-i and matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), in patients with aids-related kaposi sarcoma. serial kaposi sarcoma biopsies assessed treatment effects on angiogenic factors and kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-latency associated nuclear antigen-1 (kshv-lana). we observed marked heterogeneity of kshv-lana expression. although the ... | 2011 | 21068672 |
| the bovine herpesvirus 4 bo10 gene encodes a nonessential viral envelope protein that regulates viral tropism through both positive and negative effects. | all gammaherpesviruses encode a glycoprotein positionally homologous to the epstein-barr virus gp350 and the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) k8.1. in this study, we characterized the positional homologous glycoprotein of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4), encoded by the bo10 gene. we identified a 180-kda gene product, gp180, that was incorporated into the virion envelope. a bo10 deletion virus was viable but showed a growth deficit associated with reduced binding to epithelial cells. ... | 2010 | 21068242 |
| noncytotoxic inhibition of viral infection through eif4f-independent suppression of translation by 4egi-1. | the eukaryotic initiation factor eif4f recruits ribosomes to capped mrnas while eif2 mediates start codon recognition to initiate protein synthesis. increasing interest in targeting translation to suppress tumor growth has led to the development of new classes of inhibitors, including 4egi-1, which disrupts eif4f complexes. however, the full effects of this inhibitor and its potential uses in the treatment of other disease states remain unclear. here, we show that overall rates of protein synthe ... | 2010 | 21068241 |
| oxidative stress induces reactivation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and death of primary effusion lymphoma cells. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells are predominantly infected with latent kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), presenting a barrier to the destruction of tumor cells. latent kshv can be reactivated to undergo lytic replication. here we report that in pel cells, oxidative stress induced by upregulated reactive oxygen species (ros) can lead to kshv reactivation or cell death. ros are upregulated by nf-κb inhibition and are required for subsequent kshv reacti ... | 2010 | 21068240 |
| coordinated leading and lagging strand dna synthesis by using the herpes simplex virus 1 replication complex and minicircle dna templates. | the origin-specific replication of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome requires seven proteins: the helicase-primase (ul5-ul8-ul52), the dna polymerase (ul30-ul42), the single-strand dna binding protein (icp8), and the origin-binding protein (ul9). we reconstituted these proteins, excluding ul9, on synthetic minicircular dna templates and monitored leading and lagging strand dna synthesis using the strand-specific incorporation of dtmp and damp. critical features of the assays that led to efficien ... | 2010 | 21068232 |
| patterns of complications of neonatal and infant meningitis on mri by organism: a 10 year review. | introduction: imaging of meningitis in neonates and infants is not routine, but is frequent for complications. aside from tuberculosis and herpesvirus, imaging findings related to most responsible pathogens are thought to be nonspecific, but few studies exist. we reviewed the imaging features of complicated meningitis in infants and neonates at our hospital in the past decade, hypothesizing that patterns of complications might be more specific than previously recognized. methods: 10 yr retrospec ... | 2010 | 21067879 |
| transcriptome and proteome profiling of host responses to marek's disease virus in chickens. | marek's disease (md) is an immunosuppressive and proliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly oncogenic cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, named marek's disease virus (mdv). despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines for control of md and existence of lines of chickens which display differential genetic susceptibility or resistance to this disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of mdv-host interactions. the recent advent of global or targeted gene ... | 2010 | 21067815 |
| a neurotropic herpesvirus infecting the gastropod, abalone, shares ancestry with oyster herpesvirus and a herpesvirus associated with the amphioxus genome. | with the exception of the oyster herpesvirus oshv-1, all herpesviruses characterized thus far infect only vertebrates. some cause neurological disease in their hosts, while others replicate or become latent in neurological tissues. recently a new herpesvirus causing ganglioneuritis in abalone, a gastropod, was discovered. molecular analysis of new herpesviruses, such as this one and others, still to be discovered in invertebrates, will provide insight into the evolution of herpesviruses. | 2010 | 21062506 |
| study of the kinetics of antibodies titres against viral pathogens and detection of rotavirus and parainfluenza 3 infections in captive crias of guanacos (lama guanicoe). | a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1) and bluetongue virus (btv) in eleven guanaco's crias (chulengos) relocated from rio negro to buenos aires province (argentina) and reared in captivity for a year in an experimental field. serum samples were collected periodically to detect the evidence of viral infections. faecal samples were collec ... | 2010 | 21062425 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded lana positively affects on ubiquitylation of p53. | we established a series of stable transfectants expressing wild-type and three mutant lana; amino terminus, carboxyl terminus and amino terminus plus dna binding domain, as a new strategy to assess systematically the interactions and binding domains with cellular proteins. using the system, we reported that lana specifically bound to p53 via dna binding domain. as for lana function in the regulation of p53 through the interaction, we showed that polyubiquitylation of p53 in the presence of lana ... | 2010 | 21056547 |
| phylogenetic analysis of marine mammal herpesviruses. | five novel dna-dependent dna polymerase (dpol) herpesviral sequences were generated using nested consensus polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in clinical samples from a harbor seal (phoca vitulina), bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus), orca (orcinus orca), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and a phocid herpesvirus 2 (phhv-2) isolate from a harbor seal (used as positive control). these novel sequences and other representative herpesvirus sequences were included in bayesian and maximu ... | 2010 | 21055885 |
| cell-cycle-dependent localization of human cytomegalovirus ul83 phosphoprotein in the nucleolus and modulation of viral gene expression in human embryo fibroblasts in vitro. | the nucleolus is a multifunctional nuclear compartment widely known to be involved in several cellular processes, including mrna maturation and shuttling to cytoplasmic sites, control of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptosis; thus, it is logical that many viruses, including herpesvirus, target the nucleolus in order to exploit at least one of the above-mentioned functions. recent studies from our group demonstrated the early accumulation of the incoming ppul83 (pp65), the major tegum ... | 2011 | 21053310 |
| kaposi's sarcoma after repeated surgical procedures in an immunocompetent patient: the lymphatic hypothesis. | a 63-year-old swiss patient developed acquired nodules on his right palm after 3 localized surgeries, called 'needle fasciotomy', for dupuytren's disease. kaposi's sarcoma (ks) was diagnosed in a biopsy of a nodule. a positive immunolabeling and serology for human herpesvirus 8 has been found, but human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c identification remained negative. the nodules were limited to the surgically traumatized area. this first report of a nonimmunocompromised patient developin ... | 2010 | 21051867 |
| human gamma-herpesviruses ebv and hhv-8 are not detected in the lungs of patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. | abstractrationale: in susceptible individuals, multiple events may trigger pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah). human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8), a gamma-herpesvirus homologous to epstein-barr virus (ebv), was suggested to act as a "second hit" in the development of pah in susceptible patients. although there are indirect evidences from in vitro and from animal studies in favour of a link between gamma-herpesviruses and the pathophysiology of pah, results remains ... | 2010 | 21051388 |
| herpesvirus bacs: past, present, and future. | the herpesviridae are a large family of dna viruses with large and complicated genomes. genetic manipulation and the generation of recombinant viruses have been extremely difficult. however, herpesvirus bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) that were developed approximately 10 years ago have become useful and powerful genetic tools for generating recombinant viruses to study the biology and pathogenesis of herpesviruses. for example, bac-directed deletion mutants are commonly used to determine ... | 2010 | 21048927 |
| the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif that activates shp2. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) g protein-coupled receptor (vgpcr) is a constitutively active, highly angiogenic homologue of the interleukin-8 (il-8) receptors that signals in part via the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase shp2. we show that vgpcr contains a bona fide immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (itim) that binds and constitutively activates shp2. | 2010 | 21047965 |
| the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf6 dna binding protein forms long dna-free helical protein filaments. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf6 has a 41% sequence identity with balf2 protein of epstein-barr virus and 23% with icp8 protein of herpes simplex type i. balf2 and icp8 are multi-functional dna binding proteins with roles central to viral dna replication and recombination. in this study, we cloned the kshv orf6 gene, expressed the full length orf6 protein in insect cells and purified it to homogeneity. gel filtration revealed the protein to be present in a broad spectrum of sizes ... | 2010 | 21047556 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4 based vector as a potential oncolytic-virus for treatment of glioma. | the application of gene therapy for malignant gliomas is still under study and the use of specific vectors represents an important contribution. here, we investigated bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4), which is non-pathogenic if injected into the rodent brain. we show that the vector can infect mouse, rat and human glioma cell lines and primary cultures obtained from human glioblastoma in vitro. bohv-4 was injected into a tumour grown in rat brain. although virus expression was scattered across the ... | 2010 | 21047419 |
| study of the morphological patterns and association of epstein-barr virus and human herpes virus 8 in acquired immunodeficiency deficiency syndrome-related reactive lymphadenopathy. | study of the morphological patterns of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related lymphadenopathy. | 2010 | 21045401 |
| new drug targets in kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) occurs as a result of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection, typically in the context of an immunodeficient state such as coinfection with hiv or transplantation. systemic treatment of ks has traditionally involved one of several chemotherapeutic agents either in combination or as single agents, which typically provides reasonable response rates and short-term control. however, recurrence of ks is common and progression-free intervals are short. for these rea ... | 2010 | 21043836 |
| [research advances of herpesvirus gb gene and its encoding protein]. | 2010 | 21043145 | |
| molecular biology of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and related oncogenesis. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), is the most recently identified human tumor virus,and is associated with the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma and two lymphoproliferative disorders known to occur frequently in aids patients-primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman disease. in the 15 years since its discovery, intense studies have demonstrated an etiologic role for kshv in the development of these malignancies. here, we review ... | 2010 | 21040832 |
| getting the message direct manipulation of host mrna accumulation during gammaherpesvirus lytic infection. | the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses comprises lymphotropic viruses, including the oncogenic human pathogens epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. during lytic infection, gammaherpesviruses manipulate host gene expression to optimize the cellular environment for viral replication and to evade the immune response. additionally, although a lytically infected cell will itself be killed in the process of viral replication, lytic infection can contribute to path ... | 2010 | 21040830 |
| relationship between equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy and viral genotype. | 2010 | 21039794 |