Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in environmental samples in monastir, tunisia between january 2003 and april 2007. | a prospective study was performed to characterize the main human enteric viruses able to persist in sewage samples and in shellfish tissues, and to establish the correlation between environmental strains and viral infantile diarrhoea observed in the same area during the same period. | 2010 | 20553345 |
| effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against childhood diarrhoea in el salvador: case-control study. | to evaluate the effectiveness of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus disease and to assess its impact on diarrhoea in children aged less than 2 years after national introduction in el salvador, a low-middle income country in central america. | 2010 | 20551120 |
| evaluation of a bovine rotavirus vp6 vaccine efficacy in the calf model of infection and disease. | group a bovine rotavirus (brv) is the major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in neonatal calves worldwide. due to the early susceptibility to the infection prevention strategies are based on the improvement of passive immunity levels through cow vaccination in the last third of gestation. the major capsid antigen (vp6) of brv is the most immunogenic viral protein and it is highly conserved among group a brv. in this work, vp6 protein from brv c-486 strain (p[1]g6) was expressed in insect cel ... | 2010 | 20546933 |
| a novel multiplex rt-pcr for identification of vp6 subgroups of human and porcine rotaviruses. | vp6 protein antigens allow classification of rotaviruses into at least four subgroups, depending on the presence or absence of sg-specific epitopes: sg i, sg ii, sg (i+ii), and sg non-(i+ii). however, mabs against epitopes on the vp6 protein of human and porcine rotaviruses, sometimes, do not recognize sg-specific epitopes or recognize irrelevant-sg epitopes and therefore result in the incorrect assignment of subgroups. in order to solve this problem, a novel multiplex rt-pcr was developed as an ... | 2010 | 20546787 |
| hospital-based surveillance to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination in são paulo, brazil. | brazil implemented routine immunization with the human rotavirus vaccine, rotarix, in 2006 and vaccination coverage reached 81% in 2008 in são paulo. our aim was to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (age). | 2010 | 20543761 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the vp6 and nsp4 genes of human rotavirus strains: evidence of discordance in their genetic linkage. | nsp4 and vp6 genes of a total of 118 rotavirus strains detected in adolescent and adult cases of acute gastroenteritis (age) in 1993-1996 and 2004-2007 were characterized to determine their diversity and genetic linkage. eighty-two percent and 89% of the strains showed amplification of nsp4 and vp6 genes respectively in rt-pcr. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the vp6 genes showed distribution of genogroups in the lineages i-1 (1.4%), i-2 (50.7%) and ii-4 (47.9%) in the 1990s and i-2 (73. ... | 2010 | 20542145 |
| changing profile of the bovine rotavirus g6 population in the south of ireland from 2002 to 2009. | bovine group a rotavirus is one of the main causes of neonatal diarrhoea in calves. this study examined the different g and p genotypes circulating in the bovine population, from 2002-2009, in the south of ireland. rotavirus positive bovine faecal samples (n=332) were collected from the cork regional veterinary laboratory, between 2002 and 2009 and subjected to rna extraction, page analysis, and g and p genotyping. genotyping analysis identified g6, g10, p[5], and p[11] to be the predominant g a ... | 2010 | 20541335 |
| robustness of the healthcare utilization results from the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial (rest) evaluating the human-bovine (wc3) reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5). | the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial was a placebo-controlled phase iii study that evaluated the safety and efficacy of a three-dose pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) including its effect on healthcare utilization for rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge). the per-protocol (pp) analyses, which counted events occurring 14 days after dose 3 among infants without protocol violations, have already been published. this paper evaluates the consistency of the healthcare utilization results based on the ... | 2010 | 20540778 |
| unexpectedly high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in very young infants. | the highest incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis has generally been reported in children 6-24 months of age. young infants are thought to be partially protected by maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally or via breast milk. the purpose of our study was to assess the age distribution of children with confirmed community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to an urban referral hospital. | 2010 | 20540748 |
| increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase expression and lowered production of reactive oxygen species during rotavirus infection. | rotaviruses are responsible for severe diarrhea in infants and substantial economic losses in animal husbandry worldwide. we investigated the oxidant/antioxidant status in rotavirus-infected human colon adenocarcinoma (caco-2) cell line. our results show that within the initial 48 h of infection the expression of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (mnsod) is significantly increased, which correlates with a decrease in reactive oxygen species production, and with a lack of cellular glutathion ... | 2010 | 20538313 |
| immunogenicity and safety of the human rotavirus vaccine rotarix co-administered with routine infant vaccines following the vaccination schedules in europe. | this study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a human rotavirus vaccine rix4414; the effect of co-administration of childhood vaccines on the immune responses was also assessed. healthy infants aged 6-14 weeks received two doses of rix4414/placebo concomitantly with the primary childhood vaccination (infanrix hexa, infanrix quinta,meningitec and/or prevnar), respecting the vaccination schedule of each country. anti-rotavirus iga seroconversion rate (elisa cut-off 20 u/ml) was measured pre ... | 2010 | 20538094 |
| addition of severe combined immunodeficiency as a contraindication for administration of rotavirus vaccine. | in response to reported cases of vaccine-acquired rotavirus infection in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) following rotavirus vaccine administration, both merck & co. and glaxosmithkline biologicals have revised the prescribing information and patient labeling for their respective rotavirus vaccine products, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) and monovalent rotavirus vaccine (rv1), with approval from the food and drug administration. merck revised the prescribing information ... | 2010 | 20535093 |
| rotavirus vaccines for global use: what are the remaining issues and challenges? | 2010 | 20534979 | |
| biophysical characterization of rotavirus serotypes g1, g3 and g4. | the stability of attenuated virus vaccines has traditionally been assessed by a plaque assay to measure the virus's loss of replication competency in response to a variety of environmental perturbations. although this method provides information regarding the impact of the vaccine formulation, it involves an empirical approach to evaluate stability. biophysical studies on the other hand have the potential to provide insight into the mechanisms of inactivation of a viral vaccine in response to a ... | 2010 | 20534978 |
| rotavirus structural proteins and dsrna are required for the human primary plasmacytoid dendritic cell ifnalpha response. | rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide. rotavirus-induced immune responses, especially the t and b cell responses, have been extensively characterized; however, little is known about innate immune mechanisms involved in the control of rotavirus infection. although increased levels of systemic type i interferon (ifnalpha and beta) correlate with accelerated resolution of rotavirus disease, multiple rotavirus strains, including rhesus rotavirus (rrv) ... | 2010 | 20532161 |
| frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhoea in saudi arabia. | the frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among 270 paediatric patients (< 5 years of age) in various hospitals of makkah and jeddah cities of saudi arabia were investigated. | 2010 | 20527643 |
| molecular characterization and epidemiology of rotavirus isolates obtained from children with diarrhoea in malaysia. | this retrospective study examined the g/p type of rotavirus in rna samples that have previously been e-typed by rna-page in 1996. the results were then compared to 2007 samples to ascertain the extent of changes that may have occurred in this 11-years time interval. the g and p genotypes were determined by hemi-nested pcr and further analysed by phylogenetic study. in 1996, the g/p combination g1p[8], g(ut)p[8] and g1p(ut) prevalence rate were 81%, 9% and 7%, respectively. as expected, the g9 ge ... | 2009 | 20527266 |
| detection and characterisation of group a rotavirus in asymptomatic piglets in southern ireland. | porcine group a rotaviruses (garv) are causative agents of enteritis in piglets and are a large reservoir of genetic material for the diversification of human garvs. accumulation of information on the genetic heterogeneity of porcine viruses is pivotal for readily characterising unusual human strains. screening of 292 fecal samples, collected from 4-5- to 8-9-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in ireland between 2005 and 2007 resulted in 19 (6.5%) samples testing positive by reverse-tran ... | 2010 | 20526785 |
| detection of rotavirus antigenemia in routinely obtained serum specimens to augment surveillance and vaccine effectiveness evaluations. | : antigenemia is common among children with rotavirus disease. because obtaining stool specimens is cumbersome, we evaluated whether detection of antigenemia in sera obtained during routine clinical practice could augment rotavirus surveillance to assess the effect of vaccination. | 2010 | 20526226 |
| emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india. | abstract: | 2010 | 20525383 |
| norovirus gastroenteritis in young children receiving human rotavirus vaccine. | we explored whether human rotavirus vaccine had any efficacy against norovirus (nv)-associated gastroenteritis in young children. in an efficacy trial of rotavirus vaccine, 405 infants were immunized with a human rotavirus vaccine or placebo at a ratio of 2:1, and prospectively followed for acute gastroenteritis (age) from approximately 2 months to 2 y of age. multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mrt rt-pcr) assays were used for detection and quantitation of nvs o ... | 2010 | 20524782 |
| [frequency and severity of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis hospitalized in bucharest, romania. results of a case-control study]. | rotavirus gastroenteritis is an emergent condition of morbidity at global level; who is currently recommending integration of rotavirus vaccination into the regions and states where rotavirus infection is identified as a public health priority problem. | 2009 | 20524394 |
| phylodynamic analyses of rotavirus genotypes g9 and g12 underscore their potential for swift global spread. | rotaviruses (rvs) are responsible for more than 600,000 child deaths each year. the worldwide introduction of two life oral vaccines rotateq and rotarix is believed to reduce this number significantly. before the licensing of both vaccines, two new genotypes, g9 and g12, emerged in the human population and were able to spread across the entire globe in a very short time span. to quantify the vp7 mutation rates of these g9 and g12 genotypes and to estimate their most recent common ancestors, we u ... | 2010 | 20522727 |
| an update on management of severe acute infectious gastroenteritis in children. | this article focuses on clinical and diagnostic aspects relevant to severe acute infectious gastroenteritis in children and will update treatment strategies focused on, although not limited to, anti-infective therapy. for the purposes of this article we will consider severe acute infectious gastroenteritis as follows: watery diarrhea accompanied by, or at high risk for, moderate to severe dehydration due to abrupt onset of vomiting that reduces oral intake, and/or frequent emission of liquid sto ... | 2010 | 20521895 |
| benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis: is it associated with sodium channel gene scn1a mutation? | benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis were afebrile seizures associated with gastroenteritis in previously healthy infants or young children. it has been thought to be a continual spectrum of benign infantile convulsions because of overlapping clinical pictures. recently, molecular genetic studies have suggested a channelopathy in benign infantile convulsions. the authors prospectively studied the clinical features of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis in taiwanese children and ... | 2010 | 20519669 |
| pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rotateq): a review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in europe. | in europe, rotavirus gastroenteritis is associated with a significant health, economic and social burden, as it is responsible for large numbers of hospitalizations and other healthcare encounters among infants and children, as well as numerous days of work lost by parents and caregivers. rotateq is a three-dose, orally administered, live, pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine used for the active immunization of infants for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. the protective ... | 2010 | 20518582 |
| rotaviruses from canadian farm samples. | animal rotavirus (rov) strains detected in canadian swine and dairy cattle farms were characterized by sequence analysis of viral protein 4 (vp4), vp6, vp7 and non-structural protein 4 segments from 15 rov strains. some porcine strains were found to contain a mixture of segments typical of human and animal viruses. one strain represented a novel vp6 genotype "i14", g2-p[27]-i14. other strains detected in porcine samples represented multiple different segment types. these results illustrate the a ... | 2010 | 20517624 |
| correlation between rotavirus a genotypes detected in hospitalized children and sewage samples in 2006, córdoba, argentina. | routine rotavirus a (rv-a) surveillance is based on clinical cases, so only symptomatic infections are reported. the objective of this study was to determine whether the rv-a genotypes and cold seasonal pattern described in patients with diarrhea is reflected by sewage surveillance, which could be representative of the rv-a genotypes circulating in the population. the genotype distribution of rv-a in effluent samples from a local sewage treatment plant was compared to those from local clinical c ... | 2010 | 20513096 |
| detection of uncommon rotavirus a strains p[8]g8 and p[4]g8 in the city of rio de janeiro, 2002. | group a rotaviruses (rv-a) are the major cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children around the world. each year rv-a causes approximately 11 million episodes of severe diarrhea, with an estimated of 611,000 deaths. epidemiologic surveys have identified p[8]g1, p[4]g2, p[8]g3, p[8]g4, and p[8]g9 as the most common global genotypes associated with diarrhea in children up to 5-year old. surveillance studies and documentation of rv-a g and p genotypes is necessary for a comprehensive eva ... | 2010 | 20513095 |
| chronological diffusion-weighted imaging changes and mutism in the course of rotavirus-associated acute cerebellitis/cerebellopathy concurrent with encephalitis/encephalopathy. | rotavirus is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children and is known to accompany some neurological disorders such as encephalitis/encephalopathy and seizures. although cerebellar disorders sometime occur as a complication of rotavirus gastroenteritis in japan, few reports have addressed these issues. here, we report three cases of insulted cerebellums in addition to encephalitis/encephalopathy associated with rotavirus. similar to posterior fossa syndrome after surgery, mutism ... | 2011 | 20510558 |
| [difficulties in diagnosing febrile states in 3-month-old infant]. | wide spectrum of infectious causes should be considered while diagnosing febrile states in infants.the aim of study is to present the case of 3-month-old infant with febrile states. boy was admitted to department of pediatrics to infant unit because of the febrile states lasting for 4 weeks. perinatal history: first pregnancy, cesarean section in 39 weeks of gestation due to mother's pointed condyloma, birth weight 3140 g, apgar score 10 in first minute. there was no information about the course ... | 2010 | 20509567 |
| clinical and radiological features of rotavirus cerebellitis. | neurological manifestations, such as benign convulsions and encephalitis/encephalopathy have been reported in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis. however, cerebellitis has not attracted much attention. the purpose of this study was to identify and report the clinical and radiologic features of rotavirus cerebellitis. | 2010 | 20507935 |
| complete genome constellation of a caprine group a rotavirus strain reveals common evolution with ruminant and human rotavirus strains. | this study reports the first complete genome sequence of a caprine group a rotavirus (gar) strain, go34. the vp7-vp4-vp6-vp1-vp2-vp3-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-nsp5 genes of strain go34, detected in bangladesh, were assigned to the g6-p[1]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3 genotypes, respectively. strain go34 was closely related to the vp4, vp6-7 and nsp4-5 genes of bovine gars and the nsp1 gene of go34 to an ovine gar. strain go34 shared low nucleotide sequence identities (<90 %) with vp2-3 genes of other g ... | 2010 | 20505013 |
| innate immune responses to human rotavirus in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model. | intestinal and systemic dendritic cell (dc) frequencies, serum and small intestinal content cytokines and uptake/binding of human rotavirus (hrv) virus-like particles (vlp) were studied in hrv acutely infected or mock-inoculated neonatal gnotobiotic piglets. intestinal, mesenteric lymph node (mln) and splenic plasmacytoid dcs (pdcs), conventional dcs (cdcs) and macrophages/monocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. in infected pigs, serum and small intestinal content interferon-α (ifn-α) were hi ... | 2010 | 20497255 |
| identification of p[8]b subtype in op354-like human rotavirus strains by a modified rt-pcr method. | in our previous study, a novel p[8] subtype, i.e., p[8]b was identified for human rotavirus strains mmc38 and mmc71 detected in bangladesh, of which the p types could not be determined by conventional rt-pcr genotyping methods. in the present study, a modified multiplex rt-pcr method was developed to detect p[8]b as well as common human rotavirus p types. with this method, p[8]b was detected in three strains among the 26 rotavirus specimens which had been judged as mixed p types in the previous ... | 2010 | 20495277 |
| first detection of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in south korea. | group c rotavirus (gpc rv) causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhoea in humans worldwide, but has not been detected among children in south korea. the present study aimed to detect gpc rv among children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in south korea and to perform a molecular characterization of gpc rv strains. from november 2003 to january 2006, 434 faecal samples were collected from children <10 years of age who were hospitalized for treatment of acute diarrhoea and screened for ... | 2011 | 20491826 |
| rotavirus genotypes in children in the basque country (northern spain) over a 13-year period (july 1996-june 2009). | to describe the circulation dynamics of human rotavirus genotypes in a region of southern europe over a 13-year period. the g- and p-types of rotavirus isolates of patients aged less than 5 years were analyzed using multiplex, reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction. of 1,538 isolates investigated, a combination of individual g- and p-types was obtained in 1,368. the most prevalent combination was g1[p8] (57.5% of the genotyped strains), which circulated in all seasons and predominated i ... | 2010 | 20490883 |
| ovine rotavirus strain llr-85-based bovine rotavirus candidate vaccines: construction, characterization and immunogenicity evaluation. | group a bovine rotaviruses (brvs) are the most important cause of diarrheal diseases in neonatal calves and cause significant morbidity and mortality in the young animals, and epidemiologic surveillance of bovine rotavirus g genotypes conducted in various cattle populations throughout the world has shown that approximately 90% of the bovine rotavirus isolates belong to g6 and g10. based on the modified jennerian approach to immunization, we constructed and characterized a reassortant rotavirus s ... | 2010 | 20488633 |
| [noroviruses: leading cause of gastroenteritis]. | although noroviruses were the first viral agents to be linked to gastrointestinal disease, they were long considered a secondary cause far behind rotaviruses. development of molecular-based diagnostic techniques has provided clearer insight into the epidemiological impact of noroviruses that are now recognized not only as the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks but also as an important cause of sporadic gastroenteritis in both children and adults. norovirus infection is gene ... | 2010 | 20486340 |
| deposition and aggregation kinetics of rotavirus in divalent cation solutions. | aggregation kinetics of rotavirus in aqueous solutions and its deposition kinetics on silica surface in the presence of divalent (ca(2+), mg(2+)) cations were studied using complementary techniques of time-resolved dynamic light scattering (tr-dls) and quartz crystal microbalance (qcm). within a reasonable temporal window of 4 h, aggregation could be observed at levels as low as 10 mm of ca(2+) and 20 mm of mg(2+). attachment efficiencies were always greater in ca(2+) solutions of the same conce ... | 2010 | 20481597 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia complicating rotavirus gastroenteritis in two infants with glucocorticoid deficiency. | rotavirus gastroenteritis was complicated by klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia in two infants with glucocorticoid deficient conditions who were treated with 'stress dose' hydrocortisone during their illness. delayed healing in the context of glucocorticoid administration combined with damage from rotavirus infection may result in increased risk of mucosal invasion by gastrointestinal bacteria and subsequent enteric gram-negative bacteraemia. | 2010 | 20480730 |
| [pathogens of high incidence of other infectious diarrhea in guangdong province, from november 2008 to january 2009]. | from november 2008 to january 2009, a sharp increase of diarrhea in children in guangdong province appeared, we randomly collected 53 stool specimens from out-patient children with dirrhea in 3 major hospitals (guangzhou city children's hospital, shenzhen baoan district maternal and child health hospital, first affiliated hospital of shantou university). rotavirus and calicivirus were screened by elisa and rt-pcr. we found 29 cases of rotavirus infection with diverse serotypes. only four cases w ... | 2010 | 20480645 |
| [nestle should recall resorb junior plus from all markets]. | 2010 | 20476697 | |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis and seizures in young children. | in this retrospective cohort study, a clinical and administrative database of children hospitalized at primary children's medical center, salt lake city, utah, between january 1, 2002, and december 31, 2006, was used to identify those with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections and at least one seizure. in all, 59 children were identified, 34 of whom (58%) had no other potential medical explanation for their seizures. of these 34 children, 23 (68%) were afebrile at seizure onset and 11 were f ... | 2010 | 20472191 |
| recommendations for rotavirus vaccination: a worldwide perspective. | official guidelines are crucial for new vaccines to be accepted by physicians and policy makers, and for reimbursement decisions, particularly for vaccines against diseases with an under-appreciated burden, such as rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge). evidence-based guidelines, which take into account the best available data, ensure that new vaccine introductions achieve the greatest sustainable impact. for rotavirus vaccination, guidelines are specific to the locality for which they are developed, ... | 2010 | 20472032 |
| whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a zoonotic human g8p[14] rotavirus strain. | the full-length genome of a rare human g8p[14] rotavirus strain, bp1062/04, identified during a surveillance study in hungary was determined and analyzed. this strain showed a g8-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3 genomic constellation. phylogenetic analysis of each genome segment revealed common origins with selected animal and zoonotic human strains. the closest relatedness was seen with suspect zoonotic hungarian g6p[14] strains in the nsp1 and nsp3 gene phylogeny, with ovine strains in the vp ... | 2010 | 20471499 |
| health and economic impact of rotavirus vaccination in gavi-eligible countries. | rotavirus infection is responsible for about 500,000 deaths annually, and the disease burden is disproportionately borne by children in low-income countries. recently the world health organization (who) has released a global recommendation that all countries include infant rotavirus vaccination in their national immunization programs. our objective was to provide information on the expected health, economic and financial consequences of rotavirus vaccines in the 72 gavi support-eligible countrie ... | 2010 | 20470426 |
| substantial morbidity for hospitalized children with community-acquired rotavirus infections: 2005-2007 impact surveillance in canadian hospitals. | we describe community-acquired rotavirus illness in 1359 children hospitalized at 12 centers in canada between january 2005 and december 2007. the median age was 1.5 years. almost half (48.6%) had significant dehydration, almost one-fifth (19%) had clinical sepsis and 7% had seizures at presentation. the median hospital stay was 3.4 days. severe clinical presentations are less commonly described in surveillance programs. | 2010 | 20467353 |
| vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. | rotavirus results in higher diarrhoea-related death in children less than five years of age than any other single agent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. the world health organization has recommended the use of rotavirus vaccines in childhood immunization schedules. | 2010 | 20464766 |
| two patients with acute rotavirus encephalitis associated with cerebellar signs and symptoms. | rotavirus, one of the major causes of severe gastroenteritis in children, occasionally causes central nervous system complications. recently several patients with acute encephalitis/encephalopathy due to rotavirus associated with cerebellar signs and symptoms have been reported. the condition is characterized by disturbances of consciousness at onset and cerebellar signs and symptoms such as hypotonia, ataxia, dysmetria, and speech disorders, including mutism, slow speech, and dysarthria at conv ... | 2010 | 20461531 |
| noroviruses as cause of gastroenteritis in elderly patients. | background and aims. gastroenteritis is one of the infections that are particularly important to the elderly people. the knowledge of the main pathogens causing gastroenteritis in this group of patients, whose number will be dramatically increased in coming decades, is essential. the contribution of group a rotavirus, adenovirus type 41 and 42, norovirus and astrovirus as cause of gastroenteritis among patients of all ages, especially those with more than 65 years old over an extended time perio ... | 2010 | 20460955 |
| the emerging importance of norovirus as the etiology of pediatric gastroenteritis in taipei. | rotavirus is a major causative agent of pediatric gastroenteritis throughout the world. however, other viruses such as norovirus also play an important role, but have seldom been studied in taipei, taiwan. the aim of this study was to survey the prevalence and clinical manifestations of different types of viral gastroenteritis in taipei, focusing especially on the disease burden of norovirus. | 2010 | 20457426 |
| [vaccination schedule of the spanish association of paediatrics: recommendations 2010]. | the vaccine advisory committee of the spanish association of paediatrics updates annually, the immunization schedule, taking into account epidemiological data, as well as evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. this vaccination schedule includes grades of recommendation. the committee has graded as universal vaccines those that all children should receive, as recommended those with a profile of universal vaccination in childhood and which are desirable that all children receive ... | 2010 | 20457016 |
| evaluation of rapid antigen detection kits for diagnosis of equine rotavirus infection. | we evaluated antigen detection kits for human rotavirus with regard to their usefulness for diagnosing equine rotavirus infection. limiting dilution analyses showed that of the seven kits investigated the dipstick `eiken' rota (dipstick) had the highest sensitivity to two serotypes of equine rotavirus. the dipstick did not cross-react with several equine intestinal pathogens. an investigation using 249 fecal samples indicated that the sensitivity of the dipstick was 81.9% and 47.3%, and its spec ... | 2010 | 20453452 |
| molecular and biological characterization of the 5 human-bovine rotavirus (wc3)-based reassortant strains of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, rotateq. | rotateq is a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine that contains five human-bovine reassortant strains (designated g1, g2, g3, g4, and p1) on the backbone of the naturally attenuated tissue culture-adapted parental bovine rotavirus (brv) strain wc3. the viral genomes of each of the reassortant strains were completely sequenced and compared pairwise and phylogenetically among each other and to human rotavirus (hrv) and brv reference strains. reassortants g1, g2, g3, and g4 contained the vp7 gene from the ... | 2010 | 20451234 |
| rotavirus vaccination coverage among infants aged 5 months - immunization information system sentinel sites, united states, june 2006-june 2009. | in february 2006, the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) recommended routine vaccination of all u.s. infants with 3 doses of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine administered at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. in june 2008, acip updated its recommendations to include use of a second rotavirus vaccine, a 2-dose monovalent vaccine, administered at ages 2 and 4 months. the maximum age for the first dose of either rotavirus vaccine (rv) is 14 weeks and 6 days. cdc recently analyzed data from im ... | 2010 | 20448529 |
| effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis-associated hospitalizations in israel: a case-control study. | the association between rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge)-associated hospitalization and rotavirus vaccine receipt was examined, and vaccine effectiveness was estimated in a case-control study conducted between 11/2007 and 12/2009 among israeli children age eligible for rotavirus vaccination. cases (n=111) were hospitalized children with diarrhea testing positive for rotavirus by immunochromatography. controls (n=216) were hospitalized children with diarrhea testing negative for rotavirus. among ... | 2010 | 20448471 |
| inhibitory effect of breast milk on infectivity of live oral rotavirus vaccines. | live oral rotavirus vaccines have been less immunogenic and efficacious among children in poor developing countries compared with middle income and industrialized countries for reasons that are not yet completely understood. we assessed whether the neutralizing activity of breast milk could lower the titer of vaccine virus and explain this difference in vitro. | 2010 | 20442687 |
| sustained efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, rv5, up to 3.1 years following the last dose of vaccine. | rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) is a common cause of childhood hospitalizations and emergency department (ed) visits. in the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial (rest), the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) significantly reduced rvge-associated hospitalizations and ed visits for up to 2 years following the last vaccine dose. this study evaluated whether rv5 remained efficacious beyond 2 years. | 2010 | 20442684 |
| complete genomic analysis of a bangladeshi g1p[8] rotavirus strain detected in 2003 reveals a close evolutionary relationship with contemporary human wa-like strains. | more than 120 variants of rotavirus strains with different vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) combinations are reported thus far. among them wa-like g1p[8] rotaviruses are the most common human strains worldwide. however, characterization of their entire genome complement is limited to a few old prototype strains, and no complete genome data for any g1p[8] strain isolated in the last decade are available. both the currently licensed rotavirus vaccines rotarix and rotateq possess the g1 and p[8] speci ... | 2010 | 20441801 |
| rotavirus vaccine and severe diarrhea in african infants. | 2010 | 20437625 | |
| generating and confirming hypotheses. | dr. walker asserts that a hypothesis always can be tested using the same data source that generated the data if the test data are independent of the data generating the hypothesis. one way to do this is to use part of the totality of data to generate the hypothesis and the other to test the hypothesis. the validity of this assertion depends on what one means by 'independent'. this note addresses the logical and statistical implications of dr. walker's assertion. the key conclusion is that what c ... | 2010 | 20437460 |
| surveillance to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children aged less than 3 years attending day care centers in paris, france. | between december 2006-may 2007, 371 children aged <3 years attending 15 day care centers (dccs) in paris, france were actively followed for acute gastroenteritis [ge; diarrhea (≥3 loose stools/24 hours with or without vomiting) for <14 days] and outbreaks of acute ge (≥3 cases in a dcc with onset within 11 days). demographic, clinical and cost-related information was collected for all acute ge episodes. all children with acute ge and all participating attendees at affected dcc s during an outbre ... | 2010 | 20431346 |
| rotavirus vaccine and severe diarrhea in african infants. | 2010 | 20427813 | |
| rearranged genomic rna segments offer a new approach to the reverse genetics of rotaviruses. | group a rotaviruses (rv), members of the reoviridae family, are a major cause of infantile acute gastroenteritis. the rv genome consists of 11 double-stranded rna segments. in some cases, an rna segment is replaced by a rearranged rna segment, which is derived from its standard counterpart by partial sequence duplication. we report here a reverse genetics system for rv based on the preferential packaging of rearranged rna segments. using this system, wild-type or in vitro-engineered forms of rea ... | 2010 | 20427539 |
| [recommendations for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in israel]. | nearly all children will experience at least one episode of acute gastroenteritis (age) by the age of three years. acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of admissions to the pediatric wards in israel, but usually the disease is mild. | 2010 | 20422843 |
| four cases of postrenal renal failure induced by renal stone associated with rotavirus infection. | rotavirus (rv) is a common pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in childhood. some cases with rv infection also have prerenal renal failure induced by dehydration associated with vomiting and diarrhea. here, we report 4 patients with rv infection who developed postrenal renal failure induced by urinary tract obstruction with uroammoniac calculi or crystals. the patients did not have metabolic disorders or abnormalities of the urinary tract, and increased urinary excretion of uric acid was ... | 2010 | 20420802 |
| full genomic analysis of a porcine-bovine reassortant g4p[6] rotavirus strain r479 isolated from an infant in china. | during the 2004 surveillance of rotaviruses in wuhan, china, a g4p[6] rotavirus strain r479 was isolated from a stool specimen collected from a 2-year-old child with diarrhea. the strain r479 had an uncommon subgroup specificity i + ii, and analysis of the vp6 gene suggested that it was related to porcine rotaviruses. in the present study, full-length nucleotide sequences of all the rna segments of r479 were determined and analyzed phylogenetically to identify the origin of individual rna segmen ... | 2010 | 20419827 |
| molecular epidemiology of group a rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina 2004-2007: reemergence of g2p[4] and emergence of g9p[8] strains. | detection and characterization of group a rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina, was conducted on 710 fecal samples from children 0-15 years old collected between 2004 and 2007. rotavirus was detected in 140 (19.7%) samples with g9p[8] (30.0%) and g2p[4] (21.4%) as the most common genotypes. mixed (g and/or p) infections accounted for 17.9% of the samples and the emerging g12 strain was detected during 2004 (3.5%) and 2007 (2.5%). genotype g2 was the most prevalent during 2004 (43.9%) and 2007 (5 ... | 2010 | 20419826 |
| genetic characterization of norovirus gii.4 2006b variants from jeju island, south korea. | ninety-seven fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between 2007 and 2008 that were found to be negative for group a rotavirus in prescreening by elisa with vp6-specific antibody were re-screened for viruses by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. forty (41.2%) samples were found to be positive for virus by rt-pcr; of these, norovirus (32.5%, n = 13) and rotavirus (32.5%, n = 13) were the most common, followed by astrovirus (5.0%, n = 2) and enterovirus (2.5%, n = 1). co-i ... | 2010 | 20419823 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of rotavirus molecular signatures using surface enhanced raman spectroscopy. | human enteric virus infections range from gastroenteritis to life threatening diseases such as myocarditis and aseptic meningitis. rotavirus is one of the most common enteric agents and mortality associated with infection can be very significant in developing countries. most enteric viruses produce diseases that are not distinct from other pathogens, and current diagnostics is limited in breadth and sensitivity required to advance virus detection schemes for disease intervention strategies. a sp ... | 2010 | 20419101 |
| rotavirus vaccination in northeast brazil: a laudable intervention, but can it lead to cost-savings? | this study assessed the family and heath system's costs due to diarrhoea in children <2 years old, before/after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in brazil in 2006. information on diarrhoea health care costs and morbidity were obtained from the primary health care system, the national public health database (2004-2008) and care-givers. diarrhoea ambulatory consultations and hospitalizations had a declining trend during the entire period, with additional steeper reductions after vaccine int ... | 2010 | 20417608 |
| clinical characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in a medical center. | rotavirus is one of the major causes of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. | 2010 | 20417462 |
| rotavirus-like particles: a novel nanocarrier for the gut. | the delivery of bioactive molecules directly to damaged tissues represents a technological challenge. we propose here a new system based on virus-like particles (vlp) from rotavirus, with a marked tropism for the gut to deliver bio-active molecules to intestinal cells. for this, nonreplicative vlp nanoparticles were constructed using a baculovirus expression system and used to deliver an exogenous biomolecule, the green fluorescent protein (gfp), into either ma104 cells or intestinal cells from ... | 2010 | 20414353 |
| multiple vaccinations and the risk of medically attended fever. | recent increases in the number of vaccinations recommended for infants have triggered concerns about the safety of multiple vaccinations. this study evaluated rates of medically attended fever after infant vaccination using computerized data from 1991 to 2000 from two large u.s. provider groups. the rate of medically attended fever within 7 days after vaccination was low (6.4 per 1000 vaccination visits) and did not increase during the decade. higher rates of fever occurred during periods when a ... | 2010 | 20409495 |
| unusual assortment of segments in 2 rare human rotavirus genomes. | using full-length genome sequence analysis, we investigated 2 rare g3p[9] human rotavirus strains isolated from children with diarrhea. the genomes were recognized as assortments of genes closely related to rotaviruses originating from cats, ruminants, and humans. results suggest multiple transmissions of genes from animal to human strains of rotaviruses. | 2010 | 20409385 |
| astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus concomitant infection causes decreased weight gain in broad-breasted white poults. | turkey astrovirus type-2 (tastv-2), turkey rotavirus (trotv), and turkey reovirus (treov) have been implicated as possible causes of enteric diseases and poor production in turkeys; however, numerous studies with each individual virus have failed to reproduce the disease as observed in the field. therefore, in this study we evaluated the pathogenesis of all possible combinations of one, two, or three viruses in comparison to sham inoculates in 3-day-old turkey poults. body weights were recorded ... | 2010 | 20408393 |
| an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a holiday resort in italy: epidemiological survey, implementation and application of preventive measures. | a major gastroenteritis outbreak was reported in a vacation resort in central italy in 2003. a total of 183 cases were identified. the case-control study identified a statistically significant correlation between the disease and sea bathing, use of sanitary facilities in bungalows and of common showers. stool samples taken from people affected were found positive for norovirus (68%, 13 of 19 samples), rotavirus (38%, 1 of 14 samples) and campylobacter (7%, 3 of 8 samples). environmental investig ... | 2008 | 20405445 |
| mouse intestinal villi as a model system for studies of rotavirus infection. | rotavirus replicates in the mature enterocytes lining the villi of the small intestine and the availability of an in vitro system for culturing these natural target cells would contribute to substantial advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of rotavirus. a novel in vitro system was established for culturing isolated small intestinal villi from suckling mice, and the susceptibility of the villus cells to the wild-type murine rotavirus edim-cambridge (ecwt) infection was assessed by im ... | 2010 | 20403385 |
| reduction in acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among us children after introduction of rotavirus vaccine: analysis of hospital discharge data from 18 us states. | in 2006, rotateq (rv5) was recommended for routine vaccination of united states (us) infants. we compared hospitalization rates for acute gastroenteritis among us children aged <5 years during pre-rv5 rotavirus seasons from 2000 through 2006 with those during the post-rv5 2007 and 2008 seasons. | 2010 | 20402596 |
| identification of rotavirus vp6-specific cd4+ t cell epitopes in a g1p[8] human rotavirus-infected rhesus macaque. | a non-human primate model was used to evaluate its potential for identification of rotavirus viral protein 6 (vp6) cd4+ t cell epitopes. four juvenile rhesus macaques were inoculated with a mixed inoculum (g1p[8] and g9p[8]) of human rotaviruses. infection accompanied by g1p[8] shedding was achieved in the two macaques that had no rotavirus immunoglobulin a (iga) in plasma. to measure the interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) anti-viral cytokines produced by peripheral cd4 ... | 2008 | 20401320 |
| rotavirus infections: is the time right for more changes? | 1998 | 20401234 | |
| efficacy of lactobacillus gg in aboriginal children with acute diarrhoeal disease: a randomised clinical trial. | the effectiveness of probiotic therapy for acute rotavirus infectious diarrhoea in an indigenous setting with bacterial/parasitic diarrhoea is unclear. in the present study, we assessed the efficacy of probiotics in australian aboriginal children in the northern territory admitted to hospital with diarrhoeal disease. | 2010 | 20400916 |
| age dependence of the risk of intussusception following [corrected] rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt? | the relation between the risk of intussusception and age at the time of receipt of the first dose of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (rrv-tv) has been studied extensively on the basis of centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) matched case-control study data, using various statistical methods, including conditional logistic regression and quadratic smoothing splines. however, different conclusions have been reported in published analyses regarding the dependence o ... | 2010 | 20400464 |
| an integrated cell culture and reverse transcription quantitative pcr assay for detection of infectious rotaviruses in environmental waters. | rotaviruses exist widely in water environments and are the major cause to the gastroenteritis in children. to overcome the limitations associated with the current methods for detecting rotaviruses in environmental samples, such as long duration with the traditional cell culture-based plaque assay, inability to detect infectivity with rt-pcr-based molecular methods and lower sensitivity with elisa tests, we developed an integrated cell culture and reverse transcription quantitative pcr (icc-rt-qp ... | 2010 | 20399813 |
| rotavirus cell entry. | infecting nearly every child by age five, rotaviruses are the major causative agents of severe gastroenteritis in young children. while much is known about the structure of these nonenveloped viruses and their components, the exact mechanism of viral cell entry is still poorly understood. a consensus opinion that appears to be emerging from recent studies is that rotavirus cell entry involves a series of complex and coordinated events following proteolytic priming of the virus. rotaviruses attac ... | 2010 | 20397068 |
| bile tolerant lactobacillus reuteri isolated from pig feces inhibits enteric bacterial pathogens and porcine rotavirus. | lactic acid producing bacterial strain probio-16 was isolated from the swine excrements under anaerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and biochemical characteristics. the strain was further identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogeneitc analysis. the antimicrobial activity of the strain was assayed by testing for growth inhibition of thirteen pathogenic microorganisms. the strain was tested for antiviral activity against porcine rotavirus in vitro in african green monkey ep ... | 2010 | 20396947 |
| death mechanisms in epithelial cells following rotavirus infection, exposure to inactivated rotavirus or genome transfection. | intestinal epithelial cell death following rotavirus infection is associated with villus atrophy and gastroenteritis. roles for both apoptosis and necrosis in cytocidal activity within rotavirus-infected epithelial cells have been proposed. additionally, inactivated rotavirus has been reported to induce diarrhoea in infant mice. we further examined the death mechanisms induced in epithelial cell lines following rotavirus infection or inactivated rotavirus exposure. monolayer integrity changes in ... | 2010 | 20392902 |
| asymptomatic rotavirus infections in england: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. | rotavirus is a major cause of infectious intestinal disease in young children; a substantial prevalence of asymptomatic infection has been reported across all age groups. in this study, the authors determined characteristics of asymptomatic rotavirus infection and potential risk factors for infection. healthy persons were recruited at random from the general population of england during the study of infectious intestinal disease in england (1993-1996). rotavirus infection was identified using re ... | 2010 | 20392863 |
| rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 suppresses virus-induced cellular apoptosis to facilitate viral growth by activating the cell survival pathways during early stages of infection. | following virus infection, one of the cellular responses to limit the virus spread is induction of apoptosis. in the present study, we report role of rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in regulating apoptosis by activating prosurvival pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt and nf-kappab (nuclear factor kappab) during early hours of infections (2 to 8 hpi). the nsp1 mutant strain a5-16 induces weak and transient activation of akt (protein kinase b) and p65 nf-kappab compa ... | 2010 | 20392855 |
| vp6 gene diversity in brazilian strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotavirus (rv-c) has been found in brazilian pig herds; however, wild-type strains have not yet been characterized. we made a molecular analysis of a region of gene 5 in brazilian rv-c strains. stool samples from 11 piglets (diarrheic and with normal consistency) positive for the rv-c vp6 gene in an rt-pcr assay were sequenced. a 270-bp amplicon of nine sequences was analyzed. all sequences showed high identity to the cowden strain of the porcine rv-c prototype and 81.3 to 94.3% to each ... | 2010 | 20391334 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in breeder turkeys. | the present study was undertaken to detect and characterize enteric viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus, and coronavirus) in breeder poults. five turkey breeder flocks were selected. faecal samples were collected from all flocks at 1 week of age and then every other week until the poults reached 9 weeks of age. the faecal samples were pooled in groups of five. of the 193 pools ("samples") tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 47.2%, 30.6%, and 10.4% samples were positiv ... | 2010 | 20390537 |
| [a method of detect the virus which caused diarrhea]. | building a method which can examines virus pathogenic in gastroenteritis excrement specimen. | 2009 | 20387496 |
| preconceptional oral vaccination prevents experimental biliary atresia in newborn mice. | biliary atresia (ba) in humans resembles ba induced in balb/c-mice by rhesus rotavirus (rrv). in mice, susceptibility to ba is ascribed to the lack of maternally derived immune protection. this study investigated whether vaccination of dams against rrv protected their offspring from developing ba. | 2010 | 20387202 |
| rounding up rotavirus. | 2010 | 20386406 | |
| genotypes of the circulating rotavirus strains in the seven prevaccine seasons from september 2000 to august 2007 in south korea. | a korean nationwide surveillance on circulating rotavirus strains was conducted from september 2000 to august 2007 aiming to obtain prevaccine data for predicting vaccine effectiveness. the predominant strains among the 2779 strains analyzed varied annually and only approximately 50% had either a g or a p antigen present in both rotateq (merck & co. inc., whitehouse station, nj, usa) and rotarix (glaxosmithkline, brentford, uk). | 2011 | 20384698 |
| viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus. | metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (opv), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. m ... | 2010 | 20375174 |
| effect of mutations in vp5 hydrophobic loops on rotavirus cell entry. | experiments in cell-free systems have demonstrated that the vp5 cleavage fragment of the rotavirus spike protein, vp4, undergoes a foldback rearrangement that translocates three clustered hydrophobic loops from one end of the molecule to the other. this conformational change resembles the foldback rearrangements of enveloped virus fusion proteins. by recoating rotavirus subviral particles with recombinant vp4 and vp7, we tested the effects on cell entry of substituting hydrophilic for hydrophobi ... | 2010 | 20375171 |
| porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) of rotavirus infection as a new model for the study of innate immune responses to rotaviruses and probiotics. | previous studies of epithelial immune responses to rotavirus infection have been conducted in transformed cell lines. in this study, we evaluated a non-transformed porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (ipec-j2) as an in-vitro model of rotavirus infection and probiotic treatment. cell-culture-adapted porcine rotavirus (prv) osu strain, or human rotavirus (hrv) wa strain, along with lactobacillus acidophilus (la) or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) were used to inoculate ipec-j2 cells. la or lgg t ... | 2010 | 20373994 |
| global impact of rotavirus vaccines. | the who has recently recommended the inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization programs of all countries. in countries in the americas, europe and australia that have adopted routine childhood immunization against rotavirus, significant reductions in the burden of severe childhood diarrhea have been observed. besides protecting vaccinated children, disease rates also appear to be reduced in unvaccinated children, suggesting indirect benefits from vaccination (i.e., herd protect ... | 2010 | 20370550 |