Publications

polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a portion of the genome of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori has been cloned. this part of the viral genome contains the gene encoding the viral occlusion body protein, polyhedrin. the polyhedrin gene has been sequenced in its entirety together with some of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. the primary structure of polyhedrin predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene was found to be somewhat different from the one reported previously for the authentic protein (e. a. kozlov, ...	1985	3886932
temporal regulation of baculovirus rna: overlapping early and late transcripts.	analysis of the temporal sequence of rna transcription within the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome revealed individual transcription units composed of overlapping early or late rnas, or both. high-resolution s1 nuclease mapping within the 3.0-kilobase hindiii-k fragment located five overlapping rnas (1.07, 1.38, 2.63, 3.16, and 3.50 kilobases) transcribed in the same direction and terminated at a common 3' site. the smallest rnas appeared early but were replaced in time b ...	1985	3886931
infectivity assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using spodoptera littoralis cells.	tissue culture id50 and plaque assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, using the spodoptera littoralis cell line hpb-sl, were developed. direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used spodoptera frugiperda cell line iplb-sf-21. both infectious tissue culture supernatants or virus isolated directly from polyhedra could be titrated. it was important to use low cell seeding densities in the ass ...	1985	3882730
modification and secretion of human interleukin 2 produced in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector.	a cdna coding for human interleukin 2 (il-2) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. cells infected with recombinant virus produced high levels of mr 15,500 il-2 polypeptide, the majority of which was secreted into the culture medium during infection. the recombinant il-2 was able to stimulate the growth of an il-2-dependent cell line. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the insect-derived il-2 was identical to that ...	1985	3878519
comparison of the p26 gene region of two baculoviruses.	a 1.1-kb region of dna containing the p26 gene of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv) was sequenced, transcriptionally mapped, and compared to the same region in the mnpv of autographa californica (acmnpv). the mrna start site of the p26 gene occurs about 22 nucleotides downstream from an a/t-rich putative promoter sequence that is highly conserved between acmnpv and opmnpv. the p26 mrna is transcribed through the p26 gene and coterminates with the p10 gen ...	1987	3686831
production of human alpha-inteferon in silkworm using a bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector.		1987	3556274
expression of the human immunodeficiency virus gag gene in insect cells.	regions of the gag-pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the causative agent of aids, have been cloned into the polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. when these recombinant viruses were used to infect insect cells, the cells produced gag-related proteins which could be immunoprecipitated with serum from aids patients. the major proteins produced by acgag1, which contained the entire gag gene and a small portion of the pol gene, had molecu ...	1987	3554734
baculovirus expression vectors: the requirements for high level expression of proteins, including glycoproteins.	the requirements for high level expression of three foreign proteins using the polyhedrin gene promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv, baculoviridae) have been investigated. in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the appropriate recombinant baculoviruses, the synthesis of the two s rna coded genes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv; i.e. the nucleoprotein, n, and glycoprotein precursor, gpc), or the haemagglutinin gene of influenza a virus, appears to ...	1987	3553425
expression of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome in insect cells: homologous viral and heterologous vertebrate genes--the baculovirus vector system.		1986	3545694
the 64k envelope protein of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1986	3545692
location, transcription, and sequence of a baculovirus gene encoding a small arginine-rich polypeptide.	the nucleotide sequence of the cdna of an abundant late 0.5-kilobase transcript of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus revealed a small open reading frame encoding an arginine-rich 6.9-kilodalton protein. the predicted amino acid composition of the 6.9-kilodalton protein was essentially identical to that of the core protein of viral nucleocapsids. the precise location of the 5' and 3' ends of the transcript were confirmed by s1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. multiple overl ...	1987	3543402
cell-surface expression of influenza virus haemagglutinin in insect cells using a baculovirus vector.	a baculovirus transfer vector was constructed using a cloned copy of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) polyhedrin gene. the atg translation initiation codon and 32 bases of the polyhedrin mrna 5' leader sequences were deleted and replaced with a cdna clone of the a/pr/8/34 influenza virus haemagglutinin (ha) gene. the hybrid ha/polyhedrin gene was transferred to acnpv and polyhedrin-negative recombinants identified which expressed ha activity. the insect cell-derived ...	1986	3529699
identification of an amino acid essential to the normal assembly of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedra.	we compared the dna sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene with that of the polyhedrin gene from a morphology mutant called m5. a single point mutation was found at the bamhi restriction site within the polyhedrin coding sequence. this point mutation caused a substitution of leucine for proline at amino acid 58 in the m5 polyhedrin. this point mutation was shown to be responsible for both the appearance of cubic polyhedra and the altered mobility of the ...	1986	3528527
the nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene region from the multicapsid baculovirus of orgyia pseudotsugata.	the nucleotide sequence was determined of a 1.6-kb restriction fragment containing the polyhedrin gene of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv). in addition, both the 5' and 3' termini of the polyhedrin mrna were located in the flanking sequences using s1 mapping procedures. 5' leader, 3' flanking, and open reading frame sequences of 50-52, 145-167, and 735 nucleotides, respectively, were determined, for a total mrna length of about 935 nucleotides. a potent ...	1986	3526710
nucleotide sequencing and transcriptional mapping of the orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus p10 gene.	a 32p-labeled cloned dna fragment (acmnpv hindiii-q) containing one of the repeated sequences and a portion of the p10 gene from autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was used to probe southern blots containing restriction endonuclease digests of orgyia pseudotsugata muticapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) dna. a single 3.6-kb fragment, opmnpv hindiii-q, was hybridized. the opmnpv hindiii-q fragment was cloned into puc-18, mapped with restriction endonucle ...	1986	3526709
expression of the s-coded genes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus using a baculovirus vector.	a dna copy of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv, we strain)s rna species has been inserted in both orientations into plasmids containing a 7.1 kb dna sequence of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the inserts were placed behind the polyhedrin gene promoter of acnpv and in the place of the nucleotide sequences including and flanking the polyhedrin gene translation initiation codon. the derived plasmids were used to obtain recombinant acnpv viruse ...	1986	3525745
detection of sequences in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna, that acts as autonomous replicating sequences (ars) in yeast. brief report.	at least two regions of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) dna contain nucleotide sequences that allowed the autonomous replication of chimaeric plasmids in saccharomyces cerevisiae. these sequences were located around position 26 and 37 per cent on the physical map of acnpv dna.	1986	3518664
changes in the nucleoprotein complexes of a baculovirus dna during infection.	the nature of the dna-protein complexes assumed by autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna during infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells was investigated by micrococcal nuclease digestion of infected nuclei. both parental viral dna and progeny viral dna assumed a chromatin-like structure early in infection. by late times (24 hr) p.i., the viral dna acquired a unique nucleoprotein structure. in addition to fragments of mononucleosome size (185 bp), two subnucleosomal bands ...	1986	3518228
studies on autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in spodoptera littoralis cells including virus-induced protein synthesis.	the replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera littoralis cells has been investigated. various cytopathic changes were detected by light and electron microscopy and progeny enveloped virus particles, some occluded within polyhedra, were later seen in the nucleus of infected cells. infectious virus was released into the growth medium and increased exponentially from ca. 10 to 24 hours post infection and then slowly increased over the next 4 days. in compari ...	1986	3510608
the development of multiple expression vectors for high level synthesis of eukaryotic proteins: expression of lcmv-n and acnpv polyhedrin protein by a recombinant baculovirus.	a copy of the polyhedrin gene promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), in association with the coding region of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus n protein (lcmv-n) and the relevant polyhedrin transcription termination signals, has been cloned into the unique ecorv site of a plasmid representing an ecori derived fragment of the acnpv genome. the cloning site is upstream (but in the opposite orientation) of the natural acnpv polyhedrin gene. the derived pacvc2 trans ...	1987	3334094
characterization of genotypic and phenotypic variation in plaque-purified strains of hzsnpv elkar isolate.	twenty plaque-purified strains of heliothis zea s-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hzsnpv) were characterized based upon restriction endonuclease digests of viral dnas, structural protein profiles, and larval melanization response. each of the 20 strains had a unique genotype. genomic heterogeneity between strains was localized to 4 regions of the hzsnpv genome. differences in protein profiles of occluded virus were noted for each strain relative to the wild-type isolate. the strains were separa ...	1987	3329647
analysis of the polyhedrin gene promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the polyhedrin gene promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was analysed with respect to which sequences are required upstream of the mrna transcription initiation (cap) site for efficient promoter activity. insertions (8, 95 and 785 nucleotides) were made in this region at an ecor v site between the caat- and tata-like boxes. when these mutations were introduced into the virus they did not affect the activity of the polyhedrin promoter as judged by expression of the be ...	1987	3320964
in vivo and in vitro host range of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1987	3320215
expression of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus by an insect virus vector.	the envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus was inserted into the genome of an insect virus vector (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus). upon infection of tissue culture cells, this recombinant virus produced immunoreactive polypeptides related to the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus. serological survey indicates such polypeptides would be of value as antigens in diagnostics for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	1987	3312636
secretion of particles of hepatitis b surface antigen from insect cells using a baculovirus vector.	the coding sequences of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen were inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector produced from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) so that the foreign gene was under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter. spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the derived recombinant baculovirus produced and secreted 22 nm particles containing the hepatitis b surface antigen. the particles had morphological and antigenic properties identical to those ...	1987	3312490
hyperproduction of polyhedrin-igf ii fusion protein in silkworm larvae infected with recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a gene coding for insulin-like growth factor ii (igf ii) was constructed from 16 oligodeoxynucleotides synthesized chemically and cloned into ecori-sali sites of pbr322. in this gene at atg codon for methionine was introduced for cleavage by cnbr at the beginning of mature igf ii. for expressing foreign genes, a new host-vector system, with bombyx mori silkworm larvae as the host and b. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) as the vector, has been developed. bmnpv genomic dna codes polyhedrin ...	1987	3312489
autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus efficiently enters but does not replicate in poikilothermic vertebrate cells.	the host range of the insect virus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was examined. acmnpv could not initiate a productive infection in frog, turtle, trout, or codling moth cell lines. after exposure to acmnpv, neither viral dna nor rna synthesis could be detected in these cell lines as assayed by nucleic acid probe hybridization. entry of acmnpv nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm and viral dna into the nucleus, however, was as efficient in the nonpermissive cell lines as i ...	1986	3301733
characterization of an early gene accelerating expression of late genes of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the region of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) encompassing the ecori t fragment (29.0 to 30.1 map units) was characterized by dna sequencing, transcriptional mapping, and site-directed mutagenesis. the largest transcript from this region, an early 1.7-kilobase (kb) poly(a)+ rna, encompassed three tandem, nonoverlapping open reading frames (orfs). the largest of these orfs, etl, was proximal to the 5' end of the transcript and had the capacity to encode a 28-kilodal ...	1988	3292791
rate of increase and critical amount of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in lepidopterous larvae estimated from survival time assay data with a birth-death model.	a birth-death model developed for pathogens of vertebrates was used to estimate the in vivo rate of increase (alpha) and the doubling time (td) from survival time assay data. host-pathogen combinations used in this study were two autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates in trichoplusia ni and heliothis zea npv in h. zea. the alpha's, estimated as he negative reciprocal of the slope of the linearly decreasing section of the plot of median survival times against the logarithm of ...	1988	3291823
in vivo mass production in the cabbage moth (mamestra brassicae) of a heterologous (panolis) and a homologous (mamestra) nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	in preparation for field trials, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) of the pine beauty moth, panolis flammea, was mass produced in vivo in an alternative (heterologous) host, the cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae. simultaneously, mamestra npv was also produced in m. brassicae. this homologous npv/host system was a consistently more efficient production system than the heterologous one. evidence is presented that increased humidity may improve levels of infection and, therefore, yield achieved. fu ...	1988	3286670
glycosylation and processing of high levels of active human glucocerebrosidase in invertebrate cells using a baculovirus expression vector.	a human cdna containing the complete coding region for the lysosomal glycoprotein glucocerebrosidase (ec 3.2.1.45) was introduced into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells (sf9) with recombinant virus produced high levels of glucocerebrosidase, 40% of which was in the culture medium. the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinantly produced enzyme was identical to that of matur ...	1988	3282855
autographa californica mnpv nucleocapsid assembly: inhibition by cytochalasin d.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) is a large, double-stranded dna virus of lepidopteran insects. it replicates in the nucleus of host cells and produces two different infectious forms. one of them buds from the plasma membrane and is responsible for systemic infection in insects and for the spread of infection in cell culture. earlier we reported that cytochalasin d (cd) inhibited the production of this form of the virus in infected iplb-sf-21 cells by a mechanism other ...	1988	3281373
a phosphorylated 34-kda protein and a subpopulation of polyhedrin are thiol linked to the carbohydrate layer surrounding a baculovirus occlusion body.	surrounding baculovirus occlusion bodies is an electron-dense layer reported to be composed of carbohydrate which we term calyx. incubation of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus occlusion bodies (acmnpv obs) with dilute alkaline saline (das) followed by centrifugation at 12,000 g resulted in the sedimentation of calyx material which contained pp34, residual polyhedrin (p32), and entrapped occluded virions (das p-12 fraction). incubation of the das p-12 fraction with sodium dodecyl ...	1988	3279702
functional mapping of an acnpv immediately early gene which augments expression of the ie-1 trans-activated 39k gene.	an early gene which augments the expression of the delayed early/late 39k gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was identified by functional mapping. transient expression of the plasmid p39cat, containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding sequences under the control of the promoter of the 39k protein, was observed in cells cotransfected with acnpv dna digested with several restriction endonucleases. however, when p39cat was cotrans ...	1988	3277328
synthesis of a gene coding for an insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin and attempts to express it using baculovirus vectors.	we have explored the possibility of improving baculovirus pesticides by incorporating an insect-specific neurotoxin gene into a baculovirus genome. a 112-bp gene (beit) encoding insectotoxin-1 of the scorpion buthus eupeus was synthesized and cloned in escherichia coli. for expression, beit was transferred to the dna genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). three different recombinant acmnpvs, carrying beit under the control of the strong acmnpv polyhedrin promoter, ...	1988	3243439
[the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a eukaryotic vector system].		1988	3150619
human tissue-type plasminogen activator synthesized by using a baculovirus vector in insect cells compared with human plasminogen activator produced in mouse cells.	a cdna fragment encoding the human tissue-type plasminogen activator was inserted into the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. the induction kinetics of t-pa was followed, after infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells, at both mrna and protein levels. fibrinolytically active plasminogen activator accumulated in the culture medium and reached 2.5 micrograms/ml after 120 h. the protein was compared with recombinant plasminogen act ...	1988	3149610
signals important for high-level expression of foreign genes in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus expression vectors.	the transcriptional and translational signals required for efficient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, beta-galactosidase, and tissue plasminogen activator genes, under the control of the polyhedrin promoter in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, were investigated by sds-page and rna dot blot analysis. the recombinant baculoviruses all contained alterations in the leader sequence or 5' proximal coding region of the polyh ...	1988	3142147
functional studies on the p10 gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using a recombinant expressing a p10-beta-galactosidase fusion gene.	the beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) of escherichia coli was inserted in phase with the coding sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) late-expressed mr 10,000 (p10) gene. the fusion gene was inserted into the acmnpv genome by cotransfection of a recombinant plasmid pacr159z, consisting of the ecori p fragment-containing pbr325-derived plasmid pacr159 and the lacz insert in the p10 gene, and wild-type acmnpvdna. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells by the res ...	1988	3128641
baculovirus interaction with nontarget organisms: a virus-borne reporter gene is not expressed in two mammalian cell lines.	the safety of baculoviruses with respect to mammalian species was studied by using a genetically engineered recombinant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this recombinant contains the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of a mammalian-active promoter and expresses substantial levels of cat activity on infection of permissive and nonpermissive insect cells (l.f. carbonell, m.j. klowden, and l.k. miller, j. virol. 56:153-160, 1985). extremely low leve ...	1987	3116925
baculovirus transcription in the presence of inhibitors and in nonpermissive drosophila cells.	regulation of transcription within four well-defined regions of the dna genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was studied in a permissive lepidopteran cell line. spodoptera frugiperda iplb-sf-21 and a nonpermissive dipteran cell line, drosophila melanogaster dl-1. cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was used to identify immediate early transcripts and aphidicolin, an effective inhibitor of dna replication, was used to distinguish early ...	1986	3099497
secretion of glycosylated human recombinant haptoglobin in baculovirus-infected insect cells.	human haptoglobin (hp alpha 2 beta) was synthesized in insect cells using the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) as an expression vector. viruses carrying the prohp alpha 2 beta cdna, either fused or non fused to viral polyhedrin dna sequences, expressed intracellularly low levels of unglycosylated and non maturated haptoglobin. on the contrary, recombinant viruses containing the preprohp alpha 2 beta cdna directed the expression of high levels of prohaptoglobi ...	1988	3078448
joint action of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and chemical insecticides against the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufn.).	a polyhedrosis virus disease was isolated from the larvae of agrotis ipsilon. isolation of causative agent from the infected larvae again showed to be positive. microscopic examination of the infected larvae (by means of a light microscope) gave an evidence of the development of the polyhedral inclusion bodies (pib) in all typical tissues where the virus is known to develop. examination by an electron microscope showed various irregular shaped polyhedra; their diameter being about 1.5 to 3.5 mu. ...	1988	3075833
eight base pairs encompassing the transcriptional start point are the major determinant for baculovirus polyhedrin gene expression.	the effects of mutations within the 92-bp region immediately upstream from the translational initiation atg of the polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) were determined by plasmid transient expression assays in the presence of wild-type (wt) acmnpv dna. clustered point mutations were generated by substitution of 10-bp stretches of the polyhedrin promoter/leader region with a 10-bp hindiii linker. three of these linker scan (ls) mutations in ...	1988	3071492
[circular replicating baculovirus genome].	free malacosoma neustria nuclear polyhedrosis virus preparations contain nucleocapsids typical of baculoviruses' morphology and size as well as long virus-like particles. viral dna is circular and covalently closed. its preparations contain rings with single-stranded breaks, catenanes and circular dimers as well. replicating pulse-labelled dna preparations have been obtained from cells with the highest virus dna synthesis. theta-forms of replicating dna are found in heavy fractions of sucrose gr ...	1988	3067426
physical map and polyhedrin gene sequence of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	restriction maps of the 166.6-kb genome of lymantria dispar multiply-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv clone g) were constructed for bamhi, bglii, ecori, ecorv, hindiii and kpni, using cosmid pvk102 and pbluescript vectors. southern hybridizations indicated that the ldmnpv genome contains five dispersed regions of intragenomic sequence homology. the polyhedrin gene of ldmnpv was located within bglii-e and the sequence of the 735-nucleotide (nt) coding region and 678 nt of flanking dna ...	1988	3063616
the location, sequence, transcription, and regulation of a baculovirus dna polymerase gene.	the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) dna polymerase gene was identified with the aid of an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to an amino acid sequence conserved among viral dna polymerases of other virus families. a 3.6-kb pair region of the acmnpv dna, from 39.5 to 42.5 map units (m.u.), was sequenced and an open reading frame (orf) of 2994 bp was observed. from the first atg of this orf, a translation product of 984 amino acids (mr 114,310) was predicted. amino acid ...	1988	3059678
evidence for phosphorylation of trans-activator p40x of human t-cell leukemia virus type i produced in insect cells with a baculovirus expression vector.	human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) encodes a trans-activator protein p40x which positively regulates transcription of the viral rna as well as interleukin-2 and its receptor genes. we placed a cdna coding for p40x in baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) expression vectors. infection of bmn cells derived from an insect, b. mori (silkworm), with a recombinant virus led to the production of soluble p40x. the biological activity of the recombinant p40x was demonstrated ...	1988	3059677
p39, a major baculovirus structural protein: immunocytochemical characterization and genetic location.	a series of monoclonal antibodies was produced against proteins from polyhedra-derived virions of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv). two of these antibodies (214 and 236) reacted with a protein of 39 kda on western blots of electrophoretically separated opmnpv viron proteins derived from both budded and polyhedra-derived virions. this protein appears to be a major component of both bv and pdv. one of the p39 antibodies was used to characterize p39 synthe ...	1988	3059676
alteration of a lepidopteran peritrophic membrane by baculoviruses and enhancement of viral infectivity.	the peritrophic membrane (pm), which lines the midgut of many insect species, has several functions. in particular, it may serve as a mechanical barrier to invading microorganisms. the protein composition of the pm from healthy and baculovirus-treated trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) larvae was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a specific interaction took place between baculoviruses and the pm of susceptible t. ni larvae. a 68-kda glycoprotein of the pm disappeared within 15 min po ...	1988	3055665
association of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) with the nuclear matrix.	nuclear matrices from uninfected spodoptera frugiperda cells and those infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) were isolated and their protein constituents were compared. proteins were characterized according to size and several different antibodies to drosophila nuclear proteins were employed in an attempt to identify the proteins comprising this nuclear substructure. three species of lamins were identified as major constituents of the nuclear matrix of spodopte ...	1988	3055664
co-expression of the hepatitis b surface and core antigens using baculovirus multiple expression vectors.	the hepatitis b (hb) virus dna sequences coding for the pre-core (prec) or c antigens (hbpcag, hbcag) have been inserted into the baculovirus plasmid transfer vector, pacym1, such that the hb viral sequences are under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with either of the derived recombinant plasmids in the presence of infectious acnpv dna yielded recombinant, polyhedrin-negative viruses that ex ...	1988	3053987
resistance of the 64k protein of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus to functional inactivation by proteolysis.	the 64k surface protein of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv bv) is known to play a role in the functional entry of acmnpv bv into spodoptera frugiperda iplb-sf-21 cells by adsorptive endocytosis. acv1, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, reacts with the 64k protein and in doing so prevents efficient entry. in this communication we report that treatment of acmnpv bv with either trypsin or proteinase k cleaves the 64k protein into one major fragment of 34.6k and two ...	1988	3046120
multiple early transcripts and splicing of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus ie-1 gene.	the immediate-early ie-1 gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. sequence analysis indicated that this gene would encode a protein of 582 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 66,822. analysis of ie-1 gene expression during baculovirus infection identified two transcripts. one, 1.9 kilobases (kb), was expressed at constant steady-state levels throughout infection, whereas the other, 2.1 kb, was expressed only ea ...	1988	3043024
overlapping sets of viral rnas reflect the array of polypeptides in the ecori j and n fragments (map positions 81.2 to 85.0) of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.	in several parts of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome, nested sets of overlapping rnas with common 3' or 5' termini have been recognized. in the present report, the pattern of viral transcription and the arrangement of viral gene products in the region of 81.2 to 85.0 map units were investigated. in this segment of the acnpv genome, at least nine size classes of viral rna were identified which ranged in size from 1.3 kilobases (kb) to 4.6 kb and exhibited commo ...	1987	3041026
divergent transcription of early 35- and 94-kilodalton protein genes encoded by the hindiii k genome fragment of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the organization of viral genes within the 3.7-kilobase-pair hindiii-k/ecori-s region of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome (85 to 88 map units) was determined by using a combination of nucleotide sequencing, transcriptional mapping, and in vitro translation of hybrid selected rna. two nonoverlapping genes, extending in opposite directions and encoding polypeptides with molecular weights of 35,000 and 94,000 (35k and 94k polypeptides), were identified. unspliced, messen ...	1987	3035225
expression of bluetongue virus group-specific antigen vp3 in insect cells by a baculovirus vector: its use for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies.	dna representing rna segment 3 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17, corresponding to the gene that codes for a group-specific antigen vp3, has been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the 5' coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the derived recombinant transfer vector dna, polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculoviruses we ...	1987	3035063
a baculovirus vector can express intron-containing genes.	a simjan virus 40 genomic fragment containing the genes coding for the large t and small t antigens was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream of the strong polyhedrin promoter. infection of eucaryotic spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells with this recombinant virus produced significant amounts of small t antigen and little or no large t protein. analysis by northern blotting and s1 nuclease digestion revealed correct and preferentia ...	1987	3033307
expression of polyomavirus large t antigen by using a baculovirus vector.	a gene encoding the large t antigen of polyomavirus was inserted into the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus so that gene expression was under the control of the strong, very late polyhedrin gene promoter. significantly more large t antigen was produced in recombinant virus-infected insect cells than was observed in polyomavirus-transformed mouse cells. the insect-derived t antigen exhibited polyomavirus origin-specific dna binding. the baculovirus expression system pr ...	1987	3033300
synthesis and immunogenicity of the rotavirus major capsid antigen using a baculovirus expression system.	rotaviruses are the major pathogens that cause life-threatening diarrhea in young children and animals. we inserted a simian rotavirus sa11 gene 6 cdna into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. the major capsid antigen (vp6) was expressed in high yields (20 to 150 micrograms/10(6) cells) when spodoptera frugiperda cells were infected with baculovirus recombinants containing sa11 gene 6 inserts. reactivity with ...	1987	3033276
production and characterization of the neutralization antigen vp2 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 using a baculovirus expression vector.	dna representing rna segment 2 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10, corresponding to the gene that codes for the btv neutralization antigen vp2, has been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the 5' coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the derived recombinant transfer vector dna, polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculoviru ...	1987	3029984
abundant synthesis of functional human t-cell leukemia virus type i p40x protein in eucaryotic cells by using a baculovirus expression vector.	the human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) p40x protein is a 40-kilodalton polypeptide encoded in the 3'-terminal region of the virus. this protein is responsible for positive transcriptional trans-activation of promoter elements located within the htlv-i long terminal repeat. we introduced the protein-coding region of htlv-i p40x into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after infection of the insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell line, this re ...	1987	3027397
conserved homologous regions between two baculovirus dnas.	regions of homology on the physical maps of spodoptera exempta multiple-nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (semnpv-25), an autographa californica mnpv genomic variant, and s. frugiperda (sfmnpv-2) baculovirus dnas were identified by reciprocal dna-dna blot hybridization under conditions of an effective temperature of tm -25 degrees c. in addition, cloned fragments of the viral genome which contained the homologous regions were used in hybridization experiments to confirm, refine and correla ...	1987	3027243
bidirectional transcription from a solo long terminal repeat of the retrotransposon ted: symmetrical rna start sites.	a single copy of the retrotransposon ted was found integrated within the dna genome of the insect baculovirus, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after excision of the element from the viral genome, a single long terminal repeat (ltr) remained behind. we have examined the effect of this solo ted ltr on the local pattern of viral transcription. most prominent was the transcription of two sets of abundant rnas; both originated within the ltr but extended in opposite directions into ...	1986	3023897
nucleotide sequence of a portion of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome containing the ecori site-rich region (hr5) and an open reading frame just 5' of the p10 gene.	the nucleotide sequence of a 1587 bp region lying within the hindiii-q fragment of autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) dna has been determined. it begins in the ecori-s-ecori-x region, continues to the hindiii-p/q boundary and contains an open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide of 240 amino acids (p26). this open reading frame is also included in the 1100 and 1500 base transcripts previously mapped to this region. the sequence reveals that the ...	1986	3023539
expression of the influenza virus haemagglutinin in insect cells by a baculovirus vector.	the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) has played a major role in studies on the molecular biology of insect dna viruses. recently, this system has been effectively adapted as a highly efficient vector in insect cells for the expression of several mammalian genes. a cdna sequence of the influenza (fowl plague) virus haemagglutinin gene has been inserted into the bamhi site of the pac373 polyhedrin vector. spodoptera frugiperda cells were co-transfected w ...	1986	3015601
characterization of 3'----5' exonuclease associated with dna polymerase of silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	3'----5' exonuclease specific for single-stranded dna copurified with dna polymerase of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of silkworm bombyx mori (bmnpv pol). bmnpv pol has no detectable 5'----3' exonuclease activity on single-stranded or duplex dna. analysis of the products of 3'----5' exonucleolytic reaction showed that deoxynucleoside monophosphates were released during the hydrolysis of single-stranded dna. the exonuclease activity cosedimented with the polymerase activity during ultracentrifugatio ...	1986	3012482
location and nucleotide sequence of the orgyia pseudotsugata single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene.	a restriction endonuclease map was determined for the orgyia pseudotsugata single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (snpv) genome. the order of the fragments generated by the enzymes bglii, bamhi and xbai was analysed using double digestion of the total genome and digestion of isolated restriction fragments. the location of the polyhedrin gene was then determined using a cloned polyhedrin gene from the o. pseudotsugata multiple nucleocapsid npv (mnpv) as a hybridization probe. a fragment c ...	1986	3011971
[transposition and reversion of mutations induced in drosophila by viral dna].	injection of solutions of highly polymerized dna isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus of galleria mellonella into adult males induced with a considerable frequency visible mutations, two of which were studied in detail. they were detected in about 30 000 flies in the progeny of treated males. much less than notched-wings much greater than (ndw, chromosome 3, location 87.9, dominant) independently arose 12 times, much less than thickened-veins much greater than (thi, chromosome 2, location 71 ...	1986	3006304
size and map locations of early transcription products on the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.	the size classes and map locations of early transcripts of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were identified by probing northern blots with cloned viral dna fragments. twelve abundant and 30 minor transcripts were detected by 4 hr postinfection. there was an increase in the abundancy and number of virus-specific transcripts between 6 and 8 hr postinfection, coincident with the onset of dna replication. the change in transcription pattern did not occur in cells infected at the non ...	1985	2997978
baculovirus (mnpv) genomic variants: characterization of spodoptera exempta mnpv dnas and comparison with other autographa californica mnpv dnas.	a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) strain from spodoptera exempta (semnpv-25 baculovirus) is a restriction endonuclease dna map variant similar to autographa californica npv (acmnpv baculovirus). fourteen restriction endonuclease variants were identified and isolated from a semnpv baculovirus stock with 12 of the variants found at low frequency (less than 3%). the dna from each variant was compared to the prototype semnpv-25 for insertions, deletions and new restriction sites. regions of variati ...	1985	2997376
dna homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other baculoviruses.	the dna sequence homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and five other lepidopteran npvs were studied by hybridization of 32p-labeled npv dnas to southern blots of restriction-endonuclease-digested npv dna. the s. littoralis npv (slmnpv) shows extensive dna sequence homology through most of the genome with s. frugiperda npv and s. exigua npv. heliothis armigera npv, h. zea npv, and autographa californica npv (acmnpv) share fewer regions of homology ...	1985	2995274
baculovirus-mediated expression of bacterial genes in dipteran and mammalian cells.	a recombinant baculovirus containing the escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter and the e. coli beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the very late baculoviral polyhedrin promoter was used to determine if autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, a baculovirus of lepidoptera, can enter and express viral dna in dipteran (drosophila sp.) and mammalian (mus sp.) cells that are considered ...	1985	2993646
production of human alpha-interferon in silkworm using a baculovirus vector.	microorganisms are generally used for mass production of foreign gene products, but multicellular organisms such as plants have been proposed as an economical alternative. the silkworm may be useful in this context as it can be cultured easily and at low cost. we have therefore developed a virus vector to introduce foreign genes, for example, the gene for human alpha-interferon (ifn-alpha), into silkworms. we used the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) which has a large ( ...	1985	2989694
induction of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell cultures.	a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) infection was initiated in a spodoptera littoralis cell line when haemocytes from granulosis virus (gv)-infected s. littoralis larvae and ultra-violet-inactivated sendai virus were added.	1985	2982357
purification and functional properties of simian virus 40 large and small t antigens overproduced in insect cells.	the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was used as an expression vector for the simian virus 40 (sv40) small t (t) and large t (t) antigens. spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells infected with recombinant viruses encoding these proteins produced approximately 1 to 2 micrograms of t and up to 30 micrograms of t per 3 x 10(6) cells. the former was highly soluble after nonidet p-40 extraction of the infected cells, unlike its escherichia coli-produced counterpart. both ...	1988	2969056
activation of an insect baculovirus promoter in mammalian cells by adenovirus functions.	the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) replicates in insect cell lines in culture. in mammalian cells, however, the virus cannot be propagated. acnpv dna does not replicate or persist and is not transcribed in mammalian cells (tjia et al., 1983). in insect cells productively infected with acnpv, at least two major late viral gene products have been recognized, the polyhedrin, which makes up the bulk of the polyhedral inclusion bodies in infected cell nuc ...	1987	2963453
active human erythropoietin expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector: a role for n-linked oligosaccharide.	biologically active recombinant human erythropoietin has been expressed at high levels in an insect cell background. expression involved the preparation of a human erythropoietin cdna, the transfer of this cdna to the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome under the polyhedrin gene promoter, and the subsequent infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with recombinant acnpv. erythropoietin cdna was prepared through the expression of the human erythropoietin gene in cos c ...	1987	2960381
expression of human tyrosine hydroxylase cdna in invertebrate cells using a baculovirus vector.	a human cdna containing the complete coding sequence for a human tyrosine hydroxylase (ec 1.14.16.2, form 2) was introduced into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) downstream to the polyhedrin promoter. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells (sf9) with recombinant virus resulted in the expression of human tyrosine hydroxylase in these invertebrate cells. characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in infected sf9 cells demonstrated both substrate and ...	1988	2896667
baculovirus expression of the small genome segment of hantaan virus and potential use of the expressed nucleocapsid protein as a diagnostic antigen.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was used as an expression vector for the nucleocapsid protein gene of hantaan virus. two different cdna clones representing the small genome segment of hantaan virus were inserted into the transfer vector pacym1, and recombinants were generated by replacement of a portion of the baculovirus polyhedrin gene with the foreign, hantaan virus gene. recombinants containing both the first and second atg initiation codons of the hantaan virus gen ...	1988	2895799
effects of serial passage of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell culture.	a study of the major genomic alterations occurring during serial passage of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) in a trichoplusia ni cell line was conducted. progeny viruses from 24 independent passages were randomly selected and analyzed with restriction endonucleases. specific deletion mutations were generated repeatedly in the psti-g (7.6 to 13.1%) and the psti-i (14.4-17.9%) regions; these mutations became predominant in the serially passaged stocks in which they arose. ...	1987	2887077
physical mapping of temporally regulated, overlapping transcripts in the region of the 10k protein gene in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	we investigated transcriptional activity in the region of a gene for a major late protein (10 kilodaltons) of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this 10k protein gene spans an hindiii cleavage site, with the 5' end of the gene located in the hindiii-q fragment and the 3' end in the hindiii-p fragment. northern blot analysis showed that there were at least four transcripts mapping in this region, two that are present maximally at 12 h (1,500 and 1,100 bases in length) and two that ...	1986	2867228
overproduction of the protein encoded by the maize transposable element ac in insect cells by a baculovirus vector.	the polypeptide encoded in the activator (ac) element of zea mays l. has been expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells using plasmids which carry the strong polyhedrin promoter of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). recombinant acnpvs with the ac-cdna integrated and under the control of the viral polyhedrin promoter have been isolated and their genomes have been partly characterized as to the location of the foreign dna insert. upon infection of s. f ...	1988	2851092
bluetongue virus tubules made in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses: expression of the ns1 gene of bluetongue virus serotype 10.	bluetongue virus (btv) forms tubules in mammalian cells. these tubules appear to be composed of only one type of protein, ns1, a major nonstructural protein of the virus. to obtain direct evidence for the origin of the tubules, the complete m6 gene of btv serotype 10 was inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pacym1, so that it was under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wil ...	1988	2845115
synthesis of functional human immunodeficiency virus tat protein in baculovirus as determined by a cell-cell fusion assay.	the human immunodeficiency virus tat protein is a strong trans-activator of the expression of mrnas originating from the viral long terminal repeat. we have expressed the first 72 amino acids (coding exon 1) of this protein in eucaryotic spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells by using a baculovirus vector, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. we show that the baculovirus vector stably produced the 72-amino-acid form of the tat protein but was unable to stably synthesize a larger 101-amino ...	1988	2843682
expression of hepatitis a virus capsid sequences in insect cells.	a cdna coding for hepatitis a virus (hav) vp1 and portions of the flanking vp3 and p2 sequences was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under the control of the polyhedrin promoter and translational start codon. cells infected with recombinant virus produced high levels of a 55 kda protein, identified as containing hav vp1 by reactivity with anti-vp1 serum. the expressed protein also reacted on immunoblots with human hav convalescent sera as well as sera ...	1988	2842974
in vivo isolation of baculovirus genotypes.	restriction endonuclease profiles of a wild-type granulosis virus from artogeia rapae (argv3) and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from lymantria dispar (ldmnpv) indicated that the preparations were genotypically heterogeneous. eight constituent genotypes were isolated from argv3 by low mortality dose infections of late instar a. rapae and analysis of progeny viral dna recovered from individual cadavers. three distinct genotypes were isolated from ldmnpv by the same approach, using l. dispar larvae. ...	1988	2842948
restriction mapping of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna: localization of the polyhedrin gene and identification of four homologous regions.	the genome of the multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv) of lymantria dispar (ldmnpv) was partially characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis and a physical map was constructed using cosmid cloning and southern cross blot hybridization. using bamhi, bglii, ecori and hindiii, the size of the genome was estimated to be 88.5 x 10(6) mr or 134.04 kbp. ldmnpv dna was also analysed using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. the resulting restriction profiles suggested that ...	1988	2842437
expression of human papillomavirus type 6b e2 gene product with dna-binding activity in insect (bombyx mori) cells using a baculovirus expression vector.	human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv6b) has been shown to be a major etiologic agent of genital condylomas. the e2 gene, one of the early genes, has been shown to activate the enhancer element in trans in cells transformed with bovine papillomavirus type 1a (bpv1a) but the e2 gene product of any hpv has not been identified. the e2 gene of hpv6b was inserted into the polyhedrin gene of a baculovirus, bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv), 156 bp downstream from the translational start codon ...	1988	2842232
the genome of the multicapsid baculovirus of orgyia pseudotsugata: restriction map and analysis of two sets of gc-rich repeated sequences.	five cosmids containing inserts that comprise the complete genome of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata were mapped with four restriction enzymes (bg/ii, clai, ssti, xhoi). from these cosmid maps, composite maps of the complete genome were constructed for each restriction enzyme. a region containing repeats of the sequence ggc downstream of the polyhedrin gene was used to probe the genome. it cross-hybridized with a region which, upon sequence analysis, was found ...	1988	2838575
expression of the e2 open reading frame of papillomaviruses bpv1 and hpv6b in silkworm by a baculovirus vector.	to produce and characterize the nature of the e2 protein of papillomaviruses, we have developed a system to express the dna sequence containing an open reading frame (orf) as a fusion protein in cultured insect cells and silkworms. the dna fragments of the e2 orf predicted from the dna sequence of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and human papillomavirus type 6b were linked to the n-terminal part of polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) vector. hybrid prot ...	1988	2837019
functional analysis of the p10 gene 5' leader sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	deletions were made in the 5' non-coding (leader) sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) p10 gene which progressively removed nucleotides upstream from the atg translation initiation codon. the effect of these deletions on p10 gene expression was studied using a transient expression assay. fragments containing the putative promoter and the entire or partly deleted 5' leader sequence of the p10 gene were inserted in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ...	1988	2836797
comparisons of host cell dna insertions and altered transcription at the site of insertions in few polyhedra bacilovirus mutants.	few polyhedgra (fp) mutants of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and the closely related strain galleria mellonella (gm)npv have been reported which contain trichoplusia ni host cell dna sequences inserted into the viral genome between map units 35.0 and 37.7. new fp mutants are described with alterations of the hindiii-i restriction enzyme fragment (33.8 to 37.7 map units) of acnpv, either deletions of viral dna sequences or insertions of spodoptera frugiperda host cell ...	1988	2829419
functional mapping of autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus genes required for late gene expression.	a plasmid containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of an autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) late gene promoter was constructed. this plasmid (pl2cat) also contained the acnpv hr5 enhancer element. transient-expression assay experiments indicated that the late promoter was active in spodoptera frugiperda cells cotransfected with pl2cat and acnpv dna but not when pl2cat was transfected alone. low levels of cat activity were obser ...	1988	2826808
identification and nucleotide sequence of the regions of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome carrying insertion elements derived from spodoptera frugiperda.	a morphology mutant of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus called m5 was previously shown to synthesize two size classes of viral dna, one of which had a deletion of 42% of the genome. it was hypothesized that the presence of the smaller m5 circular dna resulted from the specific deletion of the region located between two sites carrying short dna insertions. these sites have now been identified by dna-dna hybridization using cloned ecori fragments of m5 dna. one clo ...	1987	2823472
dna fragments of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus containing the promoters active in prokaryotes.	using a promoter probe plasmid in e. coli called phe5, eight different hindiii and one sali dna fragments of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, directing the expression of the tetracycline resistance gene, have been cloned and isolated. the tetracycline resistance levels of the strains containing the recombinant plasmids were measured. among them, the highest level of the resistance to tetracycline was 30 micrograms/ml. part of the nucleotide sequence of a dna fragment was determined. a seq ...	1987	2823381
[use of baculovector for the expression of hbsag gene in insect cells].	based on the information of molecular biology of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), a recombinant transfer plasmid pacmv was constructed by molecular procedures included using two synthetic localized probes, which provided an inserted position linked with bamhi sequences nearly at polyhedrin initiating atg codon. then an expression vector pacmv-hbsag was reconstructed, it contained hbsag gene from subclone pypss-1 derived from adwserotype of hbv. the recombinant virus con ...	1989	2800542
dna hybridization assay for detection of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus in infected gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.) larvae.	radiolabeled lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna probes were used in a dna hybridization assay to detect the presence of viral dna in extracts from infected larvae. total dna was extracted from larvae, bound to nitrocellulose filters, and assayed for the presence of viral dna by two methods: slot-blot vacuum filtration and whole-larval squashes. to test the assays, neonate larvae were fed droplets containing a known concentration of l. dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus and observed f ...	1989	2696426
increased insecticidal effect by a recombinant baculovirus carrying a synthetic diuretic hormone gene.	genetically engineered insect viruses may be potential alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides. a recombinant gene for the diuretic hormone of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, has been introduced into a baculovirus, bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv). when silkworm larvae were injected with the resulting recombinant bmnpv, the diuretic hormone was expressed, causing a strong alteration in larval fluid metabolism. the recombinant virus killed infected larvae about 20% f ...	1989	2692562
efficient transfection of insect cells with baculovirus dna using electroporation.	efficient transfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna has been carried out using the technique of electroporation. the efficiency of transfection was monitored by assaying the extracellular virus in cell culture supernatants 3 days post-electroporation. maximum titres of 2 x 10(9) p.f.u./ml acnpv were obtained when using a pulse length of 7.7 ms and a field strength of 500 v/cm. this compared with a titre of 2 x 10(6) p.f.u./ml a ...	1989	2691634