Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| honey bees' behavior is impaired by chronic exposure to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid in the field. | the decline of pollinators worldwide is of growing concern and has been related to the use of plant-protecting chemicals. most studies have focused on three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) currently subject to a moratorium in the eu. here, we focus on thiacloprid, a widely used cyano-substituted neonicotinoid thought to be less toxic to honey bees and of which use has increased in the last years. honey bees (apis mellifera carnica) were exposed chronical ... | 2016 | 27268938 |
| altitudinal variation in bumble bee (bombus) critical thermal limits. | organism critical thermal limits are often tightly linked to current geographic distribution and can therefore help predict future range shifts driven by changing environmental temperatures. thermal tolerance of diverse organisms often varies predictably with latitude, with upper thermal limits changing little and lower thermal limits decreasing with latitude. despite similarly steep gradients in environmental temperatures across altitude, few studies have investigated altitudinal variation in c ... | 2016 | 27264888 |
| comparison of predicted energy expenditure in japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to establish a suitable nutrition intervention. | the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is increasing in western and asian countries, including japan. nafld includes the condition of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to end-stage liver disease. weight reduction based on basal energy expenditure (bee) is considered to be the only established treatment for patients with nafld. however, a formula that is suitable for predicting bee in japanese patients with nafld remains to be determined. we enrolled 77 japanes ... | 2016 | 27264095 |
| inhibiting dna methylation alters olfactory extinction but not acquisition learning in apis cerana and apis mellifera. | dna methylation plays a key role in invertebrate acquisition and extinction memory. honey bees have excellent olfactory learning, but the role of dna methylation in memory formation has, to date, only been studied in apis mellifera. we inhibited dna methylation by inhibiting dna methyltransferase (dnmt) with zebularine (zeb) and studied the resulting effects upon olfactory acquisition and extinction memory in two honey bee species, apis cerana and a. mellifera. we used the proboscis extension re ... | 2016 | 27262427 |
| identification of a region of the polypeptide chain of na,k-atpase α-subunit interacting with 67-kda melittin-like protein. | it was shown earlier that a 67-kda protein purified from mouse kidney using polyclonal antibodies against melittin (a peptide from bee venom) interacted with na,k-atpase from rabbit kidney. in this study, a 43-kda proteolytic fragment of na,k-atpase α-subunit interacting with the 67-kda melittin-like protein was found. the α-subunit was hydrolyzed by trypsin in the presence of 0.5 mm ouabain (e2-conformation of na,k-atpase). a proteolytic fragment interacting with the 67-kda melittin-like protei ... | 2016 | 27262194 |
| profiling the proteomics in honeybee worker brains submitted to the proboscis extension reflex. | the proboscis extension reflex (per) is an unconditioned stimulus (us) widely used to access the ability of honeybees to correlate it with a conditioned stimulus (cs) during learning and memory acquisition. however, little is known about the biochemical/genetic changes in worker honeybee brains induced by the per alone. the present investigation profiled the proteomic complement associated with the per to further the understanding of the major molecular transformations in the honeybee brain duri ... | 2017 | 27260495 |
| insight into the evolution of the solanaceae from the parental genomes of petunia hybrida. | petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. we report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, p. axillaris n and p. inflata s6. the assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. the genomes reveal that the petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma e ... | 2016 | 27255838 |
| whole-genome resequencing of honeybee drones to detect genomic selection in a population managed for royal jelly. | four main evolutionary lineages of a. mellifera have been described including eastern europe (c) and western and northern europe (m). many apiculturists prefer bees from the c lineage due to their docility and high productivity. in france, the routine importation of bees from the c lineage has resulted in the widespread admixture of bees from the m lineage. the haplodiploid nature of the honeybee apis mellifera, and its small genome size, permits affordable and extensive genomics studies. as a p ... | 2016 | 27255426 |
| epidemiology of honeybee sting cases in the state of ceará, northeastern brazil. | in the american continent, honeybee envenomation is a public health problem due to the high incidence and severity of the cases. despite its medical importance, there is a lack of epidemiological studies on this topic in brazil, especially referring to the northeastern states. the present study has aimed to describe the epidemiological features of honeybee envenomation cases in the state of the ceará, northeastern brazil, from 2007 to 2013. data were collected from the injury notification inform ... | 2016 | 27253742 |
| varroa destructor (mesostigmata: varroidae) parasitism and climate differentially influence the prevalence, levels, and overt infections of deformed wing virus in honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | the prevalence and loads of deformed wing virus (dwv) between honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies from a tropical and a temperate environment were compared. the interaction between these environments and the mite varroa destructor in relation to dwv prevalence, levels, and overt infections, was also analyzed. v. destructor rates were determined, and samples of mites, adult bees, brood parasitized with varroa mites and brood not infested by mites were analyzed. dwv was detected in 100% of the ... | 2016 | 27252482 |
| stingless bees (melipona subnitida) adjust brood production rather than foraging activity in response to changes in pollen stores. | highly eusocial bees (honey bees and stingless bees) sustain their colonies through periods of resource scarcity by food stored within the nest. the protein supply necessary for successful brood production is ensured through adjustments of the colonies' pollen foraging according to the availability of this resource in the environment. in honey bees apis mellifera, in addition, pollen foraging is regulated through the broods' demand for this resource. here, we investigated the influence of the co ... | 2016 | 27251396 |
| invasive species: bee-hawking hornet already in line of fire. | 2016 | 27251265 | |
| quality-of-life in insect venom allergy: validation of the turkish version of the "vespid allergy quality of life questionnaire" (vqlq-t). | "vespid allergy quality of life questionnaire (vqlq)" has been used to assess psychological burden of disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate validity, reliability and responsiveness to interventions of the turkish version. | 2016 | 27247880 |
| toxicological risks of agrochemical spray adjuvants: organosilicone surfactants may not be safe. | agrochemical risk assessment that takes into account only pesticide active ingredients without the spray adjuvants commonly used in their application will miss important toxicity outcomes detrimental to non-target species, including humans. lack of disclosure of adjuvant and formulation ingredients coupled with a lack of adequate analytical methods constrains the assessment of total chemical load on beneficial organisms and the environment. adjuvants generally enhance the pesticidal efficacy and ... | 2016 | 27242985 |
| the relationship between asymmetry, size and unusual venation in honey bees (apis mellifera). | despite the fact that symmetry is common in nature, it is rarely perfect. because there is a wide range of phenotypes which differs from the average one, the asymmetry should increase along with deviation. therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of asymmetry in normal individuals as well as in phenodeviants categorized as minor or major based on abnormalities in forewing venation in honey bees. shape fluctuating asymmetry (fa) was lower in normal individuals and minor phenodevia ... | 2016 | 27241228 |
| the autoregulatory loop: a common mechanism of regulation of key sex determining genes in insects. | sex determination in most insects is structured as a gene cascade, wherein a primary signal is passed through a series of sex-determining genes, culminating in a downstream double-switch known as doublesex that decides the sexual fate of the embryo. from the literature available on sex determination cascades, it becomes apparent that sex determination mechanisms have evolved rapidly. the primary signal that provides the cue to determine the sex of the embryo varies remarkably, not only among tax ... | 2016 | 27240989 |
| non-cultivated plants present a season-long route of pesticide exposure for honey bees. | recent efforts to evaluate the contribution of neonicotinoid insecticides to worldwide pollinator declines have focused on honey bees and the chronic levels of exposure experienced when foraging on crops grown from neonicotinoid-treated seeds. however, few studies address non-crop plants as a potential route of pollinator exposure to neonicotinoid and other insecticides. here we show that pollen collected by honey bee foragers in maize- and soybean-dominated landscapes is contaminated throughout ... | 2016 | 27240870 |
| evolution and diversity of floral scent chemistry in the euglossine bee-pollinated orchid genus gongora. | • | 2016 | 27240855 |
| bay laurel (laurus nobilis) as potential antiviral treatment in naturally bqcv infected honeybees. | viral diseases are one of the multiple factors associated with honeybee colony losses. apart from their innate immune system, including the rnai machinery, honeybees can use secondary plant metabolites to reduce or fully cure pathogen infections. here, we tested the antiviral potential of laurus nobilis leaf ethanolic extracts on forager honeybees naturally infected with bqcv (black queen cell virus). total viral loads were reduced even at the lowest concentration tested (1mg/ml). higher extract ... | 2016 | 27235809 |
| impact of pollen resources drift on common bumblebees in nw europe. | several bee species are experiencing significant population declines. as bees exclusively rely on pollen for development and survival, such declines could be partly related to changes in their host plant abundance and quality. here, we investigate whether generalist bumblebee species, with stable population trends over the past years, adapted their diets in response to changes in the distribution and chemical quality of their pollen resources. we selected five common species of bumblebee in nw e ... | 2017 | 27234488 |
| cellular degradation activity is maintained during aging in long-living queen bees. | queen honeybees (apis mellifera) have a much longer lifespan than worker bees. whether cellular degradation activity is involved in the longevity of queen bees is unknown. in the present study, cellular degradation activity was evaluated in the trophocytes and oenocytes of young and old queen bees. the results indicated that (i) 20s proteasome activity and the size of autophagic vacuoles decreased with aging, and (ii) there were no significant differences between young and old queen bees with re ... | 2016 | 27230748 |
| israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (bombus terrestris). | although it is known that israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) can cause bee mortality, the symptoms of paralysis and the distribution of the virus in different body tissues and their potential to respond with an increase of the sirna antiviral immune system have not been studied. in this project we worked with bombus terrestris, which is one of the most numerous bumblebee species in europe and an important pollinator for wild flowers and many crops in agriculture. besides the classic symptoms o ... | 2016 | 27230225 |
| [activity patterns and foraging behavior of apis cerana cerana in the urban gardens in winter]. | bees and other pollinating insects are the important parts of biodiversity due to their great role in plant reproduction and crop production. to explore the role of city garden in native bees conservation, activity patterns, visiting behaviors and flowering plants with nectar or pollen were recorded in south sichuan in winter. the results showed that, worker bees (apis cerana cerana) were active to collect food out hive under suitable weather conditions, the duration of working was long. peaks o ... | 2016 | 27228619 |
| effects of propolis, royal jelly, honey and bee pollen on growth performance and immune system of japanese quails. | effect of ethanolic extract of propolis, royal jelly, honey and bee pollen in comparison with virginiamycin (as growth promoter antibiotic) as regards the performance and immune system of japanese quail were assessed. we used 256 mixed-sex quail chicks in a completely randomized design by eight treatments, including control, ethanolic extract of propolis 1000 (pe1) and 5000 (pe2) mg kg(-1), pollen powder 1000 (po1) and 5000 (po2) mg kg(-1), royal jelly 100 mg kg(-1) (rj), honey 22 g l(-1) of dri ... | 2016 | 27226882 |
| design of efficient circularly symmetric two-dimensional variable digital fir filters. | circularly symmetric two-dimensional (2d) finite impulse response (fir) filters find extensive use in image and medical applications, especially for isotropic filtering. moreover, the design and implementation of 2d digital filters with variable fractional delay and variable magnitude responses without redesigning the filter has become a crucial topic of interest due to its significance in low-cost applications. recently the design using fixed word length coefficients has gained importance due t ... | 2016 | 27222739 |
| molecular characterisation of three avian haemoproteids (haemosporida, haemoproteidae), with the description of haemoproteus (parahaemoproteus) palloris n. sp. | dna barcoding (molecular characterisation) is a useful tool for describing the taxonomy and systematics of organisms. over 250 species of avian haemosporidian parasites have been described using morphological characters, yet molecular techniques based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) suggest this diversity is underestimated. moreover, molecular techniques are particularly useful for the detection of chronic infections and tissue stages of these parasites. species delimitation is problematic am ... | 2016 | 27220998 |
| microdesign using frictional, hooked, attachment mechanisms: a biomimetic study of natural attachment mechanisms-part 3. | part 1 completed the studies of five long-shafted, cellulose, frictional, hooked probabilistic fasteners. part 2 identified three substructures prevalent in the natural world for probabilistic fasteners and detailed the collection of voxel dataclouds while measuring from the natural fluorescence of their composing chitin and cellulose under the laser illumination of a confocal microscope. in this part 3, consideration is given to the development of a behaviour-optimised bioinspired probabilistic ... | 2017 | 27218016 |
| sperm use economy of honeybee (apis mellifera) queens. | the queens of eusocial ants, bees, and wasps only mate during a very brief period early in life to acquire and store a lifetime supply of sperm. as sperm cannot be replenished, queens have to be highly economic when using stored sperm to fertilize eggs, especially in species with large and long-lived colonies. however, queen fertility has not been studied in detail, so that we have little understanding of how economic sperm use is in different species, and whether queens are able to influence th ... | 2016 | 27217944 |
| using beehave to explore pesticide protection goals for european honeybee (apis melifera l.) worker losses at different forage qualities. | losses of honeybee colonies are intensely debated and although honeybees suffer multiple stressors, the main focus has been on pesticides. as a result, the european food safety authority (efsa) revised the guidance for pesticide risk assessment for honeybees. the european food safety authority reported a protection goal of negligible effect at 7% of colony size and then used the khoury honeybee colony model to set trigger values for forager losses. however, the khoury model is very simplistic an ... | 2017 | 27217075 |
| evaluation of anti-acne property of purified bee venom serum in humans. | acne vulgaris is a chronic dermatologic disease with four factors involved in the development of lesions. treatments need to address as many of these underlying factors as possible in order to reduce acne lesions. as such, purified bee venom (pbv(™) ) serum is an attractive therapeutic option for acne, but little data exist on the efficacy of this treatment strategy. | 2016 | 27216488 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of glycerol monolaurate nanocapsules against american foulbrood disease agent and toxicity on bees. | the american foulbrood disease (afb) is a fatal larval bee infection. the etiologic agent is the bacterium paenibacillus larvae. the treatment involves incineration of all contaminated materials, leading to high losses. the glycerol monolaurate (gml) is a known antimicrobial potential compound, however its use is reduced due to its low solubility in water and high melting point. the nanoencapsulation of some drugs offers several advantages like improved stability and solubility in water. the pre ... | 2016 | 27216238 |
| the short-term effect of integrated complementary and alternative medicine treatment in inpatients diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation: a prospective observational study. | this study aimed to investigate the short-term effect of hospital-based intensive nonsurgical treatment in lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (idh) inpatients admitted to an integrated hospital that offers both complementary and alternative medicine (cam) and conventional medicine treatment. | 2016 | 27213976 |
| amino acid change in an orchid desaturase enables mimicry of the pollinator's sex pheromone. | mimicry illustrates the power of selection to produce phenotypic convergence in biology [1]. a striking example is the imitation of female insects by plants that are pollinated by sexual deception of males of the same insect species [2-4]. this involves mimicry of visual, tactile, and chemical signals of females [2-7], especially their sex pheromones [8-11]. the mediterranean orchid ophrys exaltata employs chemical mimicry of cuticular hydrocarbons, particularly the 7-alkenes, in an insect sex p ... | 2016 | 27212404 |
| reproductive concessions between related and unrelated members promote eusociality in bees. | animal societies exhibit remarkable variation in their breeding strategies. individuals can maximize their fitness by either reproducing or by helping relatives. social hymenopterans have been key taxa for the study of hamilton's inclusive fitness theory because the haplodiploid sex-determination system results in asymmetric relatedness among breeders producing conflict over the partitioning of reproduction. in small cooperative groups of insects, totipotent individuals may maximize their inclus ... | 2016 | 27211350 |
| secretory cells in honeybee hypopharyngeal gland: polarized organization and age-dependent dynamics of plasma membrane. | the honeybee hypopharyngeal gland consists in numerous units, each comprising a secretory cell and a canal cell. the secretory cell discharges its products into a convoluted tubular membrane system, the canaliculus, which is surrounded at regular intervals by rings of actin filaments. using probes for various membrane components, we analyze the organization of the secretory cells relative to the apicobasal configuration of epithelial cells. the canaliculus was defined by labeling with an antibod ... | 2016 | 27210106 |
| sunflower (helianthus annuus) pollination in california's central valley is limited by native bee nest site location. | the delivery of ecosystem services by mobile organisms depends on the distribution of those organisms, which is, in turn, affected by resources at local and landscape scales. pollinator-dependent crops rely on mobile animals like bees for crop production, and the spatial relationship between floral resources and nest location for these central-place foragers influences the delivery of pollination services. current models that map pollination coverage in agricultural regions utilize landscape-lev ... | 2016 | 27209786 |
| spermatozoa capacitation in female varroa destructor and its influence on the timing and success of female reproduction. | mating of varroa destructor takes place inside the sealed honey bee brood cell. during copulation, male mites transfer the spermatozoa into the genital openings of the females. before the fertilization of female germ cells, the transferred spermatozoa have to pass through a final maturation process inside the genital tract of the female, the so-called capacitation. we here describe for the first time the morphological changes and chronological sequence of spermatozoa capacitation within female v ... | 2016 | 27209572 |
| secapin, a bee venom peptide, exhibits anti-fibrinolytic, anti-elastolytic, and anti-microbial activities. | bee venom contains a variety of peptide constituents that have various biological, toxicological, and pharmacological actions. however, the biological actions of secapin, a venom peptide in bee venom, remain largely unknown. here, we provide the evidence that asiatic honeybee (apis cerana) secapin (acsecapin-1) exhibits anti-fibrinolytic, anti-elastolytic, and anti-microbial activities. the recombinant mature acsecapin-1 peptide was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. acsecapin-1 fun ... | 2016 | 27208884 |
| quantum chemical study on the stability of honeybee queen pheromone against atmospheric factors. | the managed honeybee, apis mellifera, has been experienced a puzzling event, termed as colony collapse disorder (ccd), in which worker bees abruptly disappear from their hives. potential factors include parasites, pesticides, malnutrition, and environmental stresses. however, so far, no definitive relationship has been established between specific causal factors and ccd events. here we theoretically test whether atmospheric environment could disturb the chemical communication between the queen a ... | 2016 | 27207255 |
| a study on intraspecific resource partitioning in the stingless bee scaptotrigona mexicana guérin (apidae, meliponini) using behavioral and molecular techniques. | as a general rule, within an ecological guild, there is one species that is dominant and is commonly the most abundant. the aim of this work was to investigate if such pattern occurs intraspecifically, among colonies of the stingless bee scaptotrigona mexicana guérin. through behavioral and molecular techniques, we found preliminary evidence that apparently colonies of this species do not monopolize resources, instead they seem to share food; however, some colonies had more foragers in a food pa ... | 2016 | 27197722 |
| sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments. | those involved with pollinator risk assessment know that agricultural crops vary in attractiveness to bees. intuitively, this means that exposure to agricultural pesticides is likely greatest for attractive plants and lowest for unattractive plants. while crop attractiveness in the risk assessment process has been qualitatively remarked on by some authorities, absent is direction on how to refine the process with quantitative metrics of attractiveness. at a high level, attractiveness of crops to ... | 2016 | 27197566 |
| how bees deter elephants: beehive trials with forest elephants (loxodonta africana cyclotis) in gabon. | in gabon, like elsewhere in africa, crops are often sources of conflict between humans and wildlife. wildlife damage to crops can drastically reduce income, amplifying poverty and creating a negative perception of wild animal conservation among rural people. in this context, crop-raiding animals like elephants quickly become "problem animals". to deter elephants from raiding crops beehives have been successfully employed in east africa; however, this method has not yet been tested in central afr ... | 2016 | 27196059 |
| a continuous spectrophotometric assay that distinguishes between phospholipase a1 and a2 activities. | a new spectrophotometric assay was developed to measure, continuously and specifically, phospholipase a1 (pla1) or phospholipase a2 (pla2) activities using synthetic glycerophosphatidylcholines (pcs) containing α-eleostearic acid, either at the sn-1 position [1-α-eleostearoyl-2-octadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (eopc)] or at the sn-2 position [1-octadecyl-2-α-eleostearoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oepc)]. the substrates were coated onto the wells of microtiter plates. a nonhydrolyzable ... | 2016 | 27194811 |
| no evidence of habitat loss affecting the orchid bees eulaema nigrita lepeletier and eufriesea auriceps friese (apidae: euglossini) in the brazilian cerrado savanna. | habitat loss, landscape fragmentation, and agriculture intensification constitute the main threats to bees. as the organisms responsible for almost one third of the food produced worldwide, there are growing concerns on bees' response to human-related disturbances. among all bee groups, orchid bees (apidae: euglossini) compose an interesting group to test landscape-related hypotheses. in here, we tested the effect of landscape features (amount of anthropic areas and isolation) on the probability ... | 2014 | 27194058 |
| niche overlap and network specialization of flower-visiting bees in an agricultural system. | different resource use strategies manifest as differences in the realized niches of species. niche segregation may involve several dimensions of the niche, such as diet, space, and time. we measured the level of redundancy and complementarity of a bee-plant interaction network in an agricultural system. because flower resource diversity is high and resource abundance associated with flowering phenology varies throughout the year, we hypothesized that trophic overlap in the community would be low ... | 2014 | 27194056 |
| a comparison of social bee-plant networks between two urban areas. | in the last decade, several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of ecological network analysis to a better understanding of the structure bee-plant interaction networks; however, such approaches involving urban areas are still scarce. here, we analyzed two assemblages of corbiculate bees (apoidea, apidae) in two geographically distinct urban areas in brazil. in both study areas, apid bees visiting flowers were captured with an insect net. surveys were performed biweekly and alternately in eac ... | 2014 | 27193949 |
| density and distribution of xylocopa nests (hymenoptera: apidae) in caatinga areas in the surroundings of passion fruit crops. | due to their importance as pollinators of many plant species, this study aimed to know the nest density, spatial distribution, and nesting substrates used by xylocopa species in the caatinga, a xerophilous vegetation of northeastern brazil. three areas of caatinga in the surroundings of passion fruit crops were sampled. the bee species found in these areas were xylocopa grisescens lepeletier and xylocopa frontalis (olivier). all nests were in commiphora leptophloeos (burseraceae) trees (n = 113) ... | 2014 | 27193809 |
| communities of social bees (apidae: meliponini) in trap-nests: the spatial dynamics of reproduction in an area of atlantic forest. | as most stingless bee species depend on preexisting cavities, principally tree hollows, nesting site availability may represent an important restriction in the structuring of their forest communities. the present study examined the spatial dynamics of stingless bee communities in an area of atlantic forest by evaluating their swarming to trap-nests. the field work was performed in the michelin ecological reserve (mer) on the southeastern coast of the state of bahia, brazil. seven hundred and twe ... | 2014 | 27193808 |
| floral preference of melipona eburnea friese (hymenoptera: apidae) in a colombian andean region. | melipona eburnea friese is a stingless bee kept in some regions of colombia, where it is reported to be vulnerable to extinction due to habitat disturbance. to contribute to raising conservation strategies, the aim of this study was to identify the floral preferences of this species using melissopalynological analysis. a total of 31 pollen pot samples and 37 honey samples were taken from march 2009 through march 2010 from four colonies in fusagasuga, colombia. we found 92 pollen types: 17 from p ... | 2014 | 27193404 |
| influence of apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae) on the use of the most abundant and attractive floral resources in a plant community. | some factors influence the distribution of abundance of floral visitors, especially the amount and quality of the floral resources available, the size of the area occupied by the visitor, habitat heterogeneity, and the impact caused by natural enemies and introduced species. the objective of this research was to evaluate the distribution of abundance of the foraging activity of native floral visitors and apis mellifera l. in the most abundant and attractive food sources in a secondary forest fra ... | 2013 | 27193275 |
| species diversity and temporal variation of the orchid-bee fauna (hymenoptera, apidae) in a conservation gradient of a rocky field area in the espinhaço range, state of minas gerais, southeastern brazil. | this study investigated the orchid-bee community in a conservation gradient of the high-altitude rocky fields in the state of minas gerais, brazil. sampling was performed at two sites with different anthropic influences: a disturbed area (da), with exotic plant species, and a preserved area (pa). from september 2009 through february 2011, males of euglossine bees were sampled using aromatic bait-traps. we collected a total of 819 specimens belonging to 11 species and three genera: euglossa latre ... | 2013 | 27193274 |
| cape suppresses migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells via activation of non-canonical wnt signaling. | prostate cancer (pca) was the fifth most common cancer overall in the world. more than 80% of patients died from pca developed bone metastases. caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is a main bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that cape treatment suppressed the migration and invasion of pc-3 and du-145 pca cells. gelatin zymography and western blotting indicated that cape treatment reduced the abundance and activity of mmp-9 and mmp-2. an ... | 2016 | 27191743 |
| novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant varroa destructor populations from the southeastern usa. | the parasitic mite varroa destructor has a significant worldwide impact on bee colony health. in the absence of control measures, parasitized colonies invariably collapse within 3 years. the synthetic pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin have proven very effective at managing this mite within apiaries, but intensive control programs based mainly on one active ingredient have led to many reports of pyrethroid resistance. in europe, a modification of leucine to valine at position 925 (l925v) ... | 2016 | 27191597 |
| fast determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in bee pollen using quechers and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | in this study, a new method has been developed to determine seven neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in bee pollen using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a selective ms detector (qtof). an efficient sample treatment involving an optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method was proposed. in all cases, average analyte recoveries were between 91 and 105%, and no matrix ... | 2016 | 27189645 |
| genetic diversity of iranian honey bee (apis mellifera meda skorikow, 1829) populations based on issr markers. | honey bee is one of the most important insects considering its role in agriculture,ecology and economy as a whole. in this study, the genetic diversity of different iranian honey bee populations was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeat (issr) markers. during may to september 2014, 108 young worker honey bees were collected from six different populations in 30 different geoclimatic locations from golestan, mazendaran, guilan, west azerbaijan, east azerbaijan, ardebil provinces of iran. dn ... | 2016 | 27188735 |
| how membrane-active peptides get into lipid membranes. | the structure-function relationship for a family of antimicrobial peptides (amps) from the skin of australian tree frogs is discussed and compared with that of peptide toxins from bee and australian scorpion venoms. although these membrane-active peptides induce a similar cellular fate by disrupting the lipid bilayer integrity, their lytic activity is achieved via different modes of action, which are investigated in relation to amino acid sequence, secondary structure, and membrane lipid composi ... | 2016 | 27187572 |
| anti-inflammatory applications of melittin, a major component of bee venom: detailed mechanism of action and adverse effects. | inflammation is a pervasive phenomenon triggered by the innate and adaptive immune systems to maintain homeostasis. the phenomenon normally leads to recovery from infection and healing, but when not properly phased, inflammation may cause immune disorders. bee venom is a toxin that bees use for their protection from enemies. however, for centuries it has been used in the orient as an anti-inflammatory medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. bee venom and its major component, ... | 2016 | 27187328 |
| the efficacy of stingless bee honey for the treatment of bacteria-induced conjunctivitis in guinea pigs. | the efficacy of the conjunctival application of a crude concentration of stingless bee honey (sbh) for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis was investigated in an animal model. bacterial conjunctivitis caused by staphylococcus aureus or pseudomonas aeruginosa was induced in hartley guinea pigs. the conjunctival application of sbh or gentamicin was used for treatment, and the results of this treatment were compared with control values. inflammatory signs, duration of infection (ie, positive ... | 2012 | 27186117 |
| body-enlarging effect of royal jelly in a non-holometabolous insect species, gryllus bimaculatus. | honeybee royal jelly is reported to have body-enlarging effects in holometabolous insects such as the honeybee, fly and silkmoth, but its effect in non-holometabolous insect species has not yet been examined. the present study confirmed the body-enlarging effect in silkmoths fed an artificial diet instead of mulberry leaves used in the previous literature. administration of honeybee royal jelly to silkmoth from early larval stage increased the size of female pupae and adult moths, but not larvae ... | 2016 | 27185266 |
| a toolbox for quantitative gene expression in varroa destructor: rna degradation in field samples and systematic analysis of reference gene stability. | varroa destructor is the major pest of apis mellifera and contributes to the global honey bee health crisis threatening food security. developing new control strategies to combat varroa will require the application of molecular biology, including gene expression studies by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr). both high quality rna samples and suitable stable internal reference genes are required for accurate gene expression studies. in this study, ten ... | 2016 | 27182699 |
| the status of honey bee health in italy: results from the nationwide bee monitoring network. | in italy a nation-wide monitoring network was established in 2009 in response to significant honey bee colony mortality reported during 2008. the network comprised of approximately 100 apiaries located across italy. colonies were sampled four times per year, in order to assess the health status and to collect samples for pathogen, chemical and pollen analyses. the prevalence of nosema ceranae ranged, on average, from 47-69% in 2009 and from 30-60% in 2010, with strong seasonal variation. virus p ... | 2016 | 27182604 |
| brevibacillus laterosporus inside the insect body: beneficial resident or pathogenic outsider? | brevibacillus laterosporus is an entomopathogenic bacterium showing varying degrees of virulence against diverse insect pests. conversely, it is regarded as a beneficial component of the intestinal flora in different animals and in some insect species including the honeybee. b. laterosporus was detected through a species-specific pcr assay in the body of different insects, including apis mellifera and bombus terrestris. a strain isolated from a honeybee worker was pathogenic to the house fly mus ... | 2016 | 27180901 |
| detection and quantification of boscalid and its metabolites in honeybees. | boscalid is a new-generation fungicide that has been detected in several bee matrices. the objective of this work was to characterize boscalid metabolites in honeybees based on in vivo experimentation, and next to verify the presence of theses metabolites into honeybees from colonies presenting troubles. a methodology based on complementary mass spectrometric tools, namely ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (uhplc-qtof) or triple quadrupole ... | 2016 | 27179242 |
| utility of laboratory testing for the diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy. | a diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy is based on clinical history and the results of skin tests and/or laboratory methods. | 2016 | 27178893 |
| foraging responses of bumble bees to rewardless floral patches: importance of within-plant variance in nectar presentation. | spatiotemporal variation in nectar distribution is a key factor affecting pollinator movements between flowers and plants within a population. pollinators having systematic searching ability can flexibly respond to the reward condition of floral patches, and they tend to revisit rewarding patches. however, foraging behaviour may be influenced by the nectar distribution within populations. to evaluate the effects of unrewarding experiences and plant distribution, we compared bumble bee foraging b ... | 2016 | 27178064 |
| melittin inhibits tumor angiogenesis modulated by endothelial progenitor cells associated with the sdf-1α/cxcr4 signaling pathway in a umr-106 osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model. | endothelial progenitor cells (epcs) are important in tumor angiogenesis. stromal cell-derived factor-1α (sdf-1α) and its receptor c-x-c chemokine receptor type 4 (cxcr4) are key in stem cell homing. melittin, a component of bee venom, exerts antitumor activity, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. the present study aimed to assess the effects of melittin on epcs and angiogenesis in a mouse model of osteosarcoma. umr‑106 cells and epcs were treated with various concentratio ... | 2016 | 27177128 |
| a discrete artificial bee colony algorithm for detecting transcription factor binding sites in dna sequences. | the great majority of biological sequences share significant similarity with other sequences as a result of evolutionary processes, and identifying these sequence similarities is one of the most challenging problems in bioinformatics. in this paper, we present a discrete artificial bee colony (abc) algorithm, which is inspired by the intelligent foraging behavior of real honey bees, for the detection of highly conserved residue patterns or motifs within sequences. experimental studies on three d ... | 2016 | 27173272 |
| bee's morphometrics and behavior in response to seasonal effects from ecoregions. | in the present study, we used morphological and behavioral analyses to assess the effects of seasonality and morphoclimatic patterns on the morphology, behavior, and distribution of 71 colonies of africanized honey bees in 3 distinct ecoregions (zona da mata, agreste, and sertão) within the state of sergipe, north-eastern brazil. we found a high rate of gene flow among the studied colonies. however, there were pronounced morphological differences among localities and ecoregions, and body shape ( ... | 2016 | 27173196 |
| asteraceae pollen provisions protect osmia mason bees (hymenoptera: megachilidae) from brood parasitism. | many specialist herbivores eat foods that are apparently low quality. the compensatory benefits of a poor diet may include protection from natural enemies. several bee lineages specialize on pollen of the plant family asteraceae, which is known to be a poor-quality food. here we tested the hypothesis that specialization on asteraceae pollen protects bees from parasitism. we compared rates of brood parasitism by sapyga wasps on asteraceae-specialist, fabeae-specialist, and other species of osmia ... | 2016 | 27172598 |
| correction: colony failure linked to low sperm viability in honey bee (apis mellifera) queens and an exploration of potential causative factors. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147220.]. | 2017 | 27171003 |
| pest control and pollination cost-benefit analysis of hedgerow restoration in a simplified agricultural landscape. | field edge habitat in homogeneous agricultural landscapes can serve multiple purposes including enhanced biodiversity, water quality protection, and habitat for beneficial insects, such as native bees and natural enemies. despite this ecosystem service value, adoption of field border plantings, such as hedgerows, on large-scale mono-cropped farms is minimal. with profits primarily driving agricultural production, a major challenge affecting hedgerow plantings is linked to establishment costs and ... | 2016 | 27170730 |
| quantitative studies of animal colour constancy: using the chicken as model. | colour constancy is the capacity of visual systems to keep colour perception constant despite changes in the illumination spectrum. colour constancy has been tested extensively in humans and has also been described in many animals. in humans, colour constancy is often studied quantitatively, but besides humans, this has only been done for the goldfish and the honeybee. in this study, we quantified colour constancy in the chicken by training the birds in a colour discrimination task and testing t ... | 2016 | 27170714 |
| [analysis of the genetic structure of honeybee (apis mellifera l.) populations]. | the genetic structure of honeybee populations from the southern part of bashkortostan was assessed based on an analysis of mtdna (coi-coii locus) and five nuclear dna microsatellite loci (ap243, 4a110, a8, a113, and a28). the data indicate that the examined populations experience a deficit of heterozygotes despite intense interpedigree hybridization. it is suggested that there is a boundary between the population of apis mellifera mellifera l. and the hybrid zone in the examined region. | 2015 | 27169235 |
| nectar loads as fuel for collecting nectar and pollen in honeybees: adjustment by sugar concentration. | when honeybee foragers leave the nest, they receive nectar from nest mates for use as fuel for flight or as binding material to build pollen loads. we examined whether the concentration of nectar carried from the nest changes with the need for sugar. we found that pollen foragers had more-concentrated nectar (61.8 %) than nectar foragers (43.8 %). further analysis revealed that the sugar concentration of the crop load increased significantly with waggle duration, an indicator of food-source dist ... | 2016 | 27165302 |
| brain infarction: rare neurological presentation of african bee stings. | bee stings are commonly encountered worldwide. various manifestations after bee sting have been described including local reactions which are common, systemic responses such as anaphylaxis, diffuse intravascular coagulation and hemolysis. we report a case of a 74-year-old man who developed neurologic deficit 5 hours after bee stings, which was confirmed to be left frontal infarction on brain ct-scan. the case does not follow the reported pattern of hypovolemic or anaphylactic shock, hemolysis ... | 2014 | 27162866 |
| neuroprotective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal neurotoxicity. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), derived from honeybee hives, is a bioactive compound with strong antioxidant activity. this study was designed to test the neuroprotective effect of cape in 3-nitropropionic acid (3np)-induced striatal neurotoxicity, a chemical model of huntington's disease (hd). initially, to test cape's antioxidant activity, a 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (abts) antioxidant assay was employed, and cape showed a strong direct radical-scavenging eff ec ... | 2016 | 27162482 |
| proteins of the integumentary system of the honeybee, apis mellifera. | the integument of insects and other arthropods is composed of an inner basal lamina coated by the epidermis, which secretes the bulk of the outer integument layer, the cuticle. the genome sequencing of several insect species has allowed predicting classes of proteins integrating the cuticle. however, only a small proportion of them, as well as other proteins in the integumentary system, have been validated. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified 4 ... | 2016 | 27160491 |
| statistical learning of movement. | the environment is dynamic, but objects move in predictable and characteristic ways, whether they are a dancer in motion, or a bee buzzing around in flight. sequences of movement are comprised of simpler motion trajectory elements chained together. but how do we know where one trajectory element ends and another begins, much like we parse words from continuous streams of speech? as a novel test of statistical learning, we explored the ability to parse continuous movement sequences into simpler e ... | 2016 | 27160437 |
| pollen deposition is more important than species richness for seed set in luffa gourd. | in the context of global biodiversity decline, it is imperative to understand the different aspects of bee communities for sustaining the vital ecosystem service of pollination. bee species can be assigned to functional groups (average difference among species in functionally related traits) on the basis of complementarity (trait variations exhibited by individual organisms) in their behavior but is not yet known which functional group trait is most important for seed set. in this study, first, ... | 2016 | 27155975 |
| effect of three entomopathogenic fungi on three species of stingless bees (hymenoptera: apidae) under laboratory conditions. | development of alternative strategies for pest control with reduced effect on beneficial organisms is a priority given the increasing global loss of biodiversity. biological control with entomopathogenic fungi arises as a viable option to control insect pests. however, few studies have focused on the consequences of using these organisms on pollinators other than the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) or bumble bees (bombus spp). we evaluated the pathogenicity of commercial formulations of three wide ... | 2016 | 27151469 |
| safety of acupuncture and pharmacopuncture in 80,523 musculoskeletal disorder patients: a retrospective review of internal safety inspection and electronic medical records. | we investigated the range and frequency of significant adverse events (aes) in use of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture using large-scale, single-center safety data as evidence supporting safety of acupuncture with pharmacopuncture, used extensively in asia, is scarce. status reports (nurse records in ambulatory and inpatient care units, and administrative event records) as a part of an internal audit at a korean medicine hospital specializing in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, patien ... | 2016 | 27149503 |
| low-temperature stress during capped brood stage increases pupal mortality, misorientation and adult mortality in honey bees. | honey bees (apis mellifera) are key pollinators, playing a vital role in ecosystem maintenance and stability of crop yields. recently, reduced honey bee survival has attracted intensive attention. among all other honey bee stresses, temperature is a fundamental ecological factor that has been shown to affect honey bee survival. yet, the impact of low temperature stress during capped brood on brood mortality has not been systematically investigated. in addition, little was known about how low tem ... | 2016 | 27149383 |
| a model for an angular velocity-tuned motion detector accounting for deviations in the corridor-centering response of the bee. | we present a novel neurally based model for estimating angular velocity (av) in the bee brain, capable of quantitatively reproducing experimental observations of visual odometry and corridor-centering in free-flying honeybees, including previously unaccounted for manipulations of behaviour. the model is fitted using electrophysiological data, and tested using behavioural data. based on our model we suggest that the av response can be considered as an evolutionary extension to the optomotor respo ... | 2016 | 27148968 |
| mbbr system performance improvement for petroleum hydrocarbon removal using modified media with activated carbon. | moving bed biofilm reactor (mbbr) system has a successful operation in the treatment of different types of wastewater. since the media, i.e. the place of growth and formation of biofilm, play the main role in the treatment in this system, mbbr systems were operated in the present research with modified bee-cell media. activated carbon granules of almond or walnut shells were placed in media pores to improve the treatment of refinery oil wastewater and their operation with mbbr system was compare ... | 2016 | 27148731 |
| local differences in parasitism and competition shape defensive investment in a polymorphic eusocial bee. | many colonial animals rely for their defense on a soldier caste. adaptive colony demography theory predicts that colonies should flexibly adjust the investment in different worker castes depending on the colony needs. for example, colonies should invest more in defensive workers (e.g., soldiers) in dangerous environments. however, evidence for this prediction has been mixed. we combined descriptive and experimental approaches to examine whether defensive investment and worker size are adjusted t ... | 2016 | 27145616 |
| nectar chemistry mediates the behavior of parasitized bees: consequences for plant fitness. | plants produce an array of secondary metabolites that play important ecological roles as anti-herbivore and anti-pathogen defenses. many herbivores experience physiological costs when they consume secondary metabolites, yet some also benefit, for example when these chemicals confer resistance to parasites and predators. secondary metabolites are often present in nectar and pollen, which is paradoxical given that floral rewards are important in the attraction of mutualists rather than deterrence ... | 2016 | 27145608 |
| regulatory t cells contribute to the inhibition of radiation-induced acute lung inflammation via bee venom phospholipase a₂ in mice. | bee venom has long been used to treat various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. previously, we reported that bee venom phospholipase a₂ (bvpla₂) has an anti-inflammatory effect through the induction of regulatory t cells. radiotherapy is a common anti-cancer method, but often causes adverse effects, such as inflammation. this study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of bvpla₂ in radiation-induced acute lung inflammation. mice were focally i ... | 2016 | 27144583 |
| experimental bacteriophage treatment of honeybees (apis mellifera) infected with paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood disease. | american foulbrood disease (afb) is an infection of honeybees caused by the bacterium paenibacillus larvae. one potential remedy involves using biocontrol, such as bacteriophages (phages) to lyse p. larvae. therefore, bacteriophages specific for p. larvae were isolated to determine their efficacy in lysing p. larvae cells. samples from soil, beehive materials, cosmetics, and lysogenized p. larvae strains were screened; of 157 total samples, 28 were positive for at least one p. larvae bacteriopha ... | 2017 | 27144085 |
| trap-nesting bees in montane grassland (campo rupestre) and cerrado in brazil: collecting generalist or specialist nesters. | species richness and seasonal abundance of solitary bees were investigated in rocky, montane grassland (campo rupestre) (1180 m asl) and cerrado sensu stricto (680 m asl) in the biribiri state park, diamantina, state of minas gerais, brazil. three hundred nineteen nest traps of bamboo canes and black cardboard tubes were monthly inspected at each site during 15 months. a total of eight species of bees built 97 nests. four species were common to both sites. tetrapedia aff. curvitarsis friese and ... | 2016 | 27143142 |
| morphometric differences and fluctuating asymmetry in melipona subnitida ducke 1910 (hymenoptera: apidae) in different types of housing. | a geometric morphometrics approach was applied to evaluate differences in forewing patterns of the jandaira bee (melipona subnitida ducke). for this, we studied the presence of fluctuating asymmetry (fa) in forewing shape and size of colonies kept in either rational hive boxes or natural tree trunks. we detected significant fa for wing size as well as wing shape independent of the type of housing (rational box or tree trunks), indicating the overall presence of stress during the development of t ... | 2017 | 27143063 |
| a plausible role for pollen-residing molds in agricultural purposes. | pollen microbial content of 15 samples was investigated. pollen was collected by honeybees. total aerobic mesophilic count ranged from 3.00 to 5.48 log cfu/g. total mold and yeast count ranged from 2.3 to 6.99 log cfu/g. selected strains of isolated molds from pollen samples were characterized by conventional methods. potent phytopathogenic and food spoilage species such as penicillium sp., alternaria alternata, alternaria sp., cladosporium werneckii, mucor hiemalis, rhizomucor pusillus, aspergi ... | 2015 | 27141752 |
| gut microbial communities of social bees. | the gut microbiota can have profound effects on hosts, but the study of these relationships in humans is challenging. the specialized gut microbial community of honey bees is similar to the mammalian microbiota, as both are mostly composed of host-adapted, facultatively anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria. however, the microbial community of the bee gut is far simpler than the mammalian microbiota, being dominated by only nine bacterial species clusters that are specific to bees and that are ... | 2016 | 27140688 |
| specific cues associated with honey bee social defence against varroa destructor infested brood. | social immunity forms an essential part of the defence repertoire of social insects. in response to infestation by the parasitic mite varroa destructor and its associated viruses, honey bees (apis mellifera l.) have developed a specific behaviour (varroa-sensitive hygiene, or vsh) that helps protect the colony from this parasite. brood cells heavily infested with mites are uncapped, the brood killed, and the cell contents removed. for this extreme sacrifice to be beneficial to the colony, the ta ... | 2016 | 27140530 |
| the high-throughput production of dsrna against sacbrood virus for use in the honey bee apis cerana (hymenoptera: apidae). | sacbrood virus (sbv) is a serious threat to honey bees. currently, there is no specific drug available for the treatment of sbv that does not affect the quality of the bee product. rna interference (rnai) is an important antiviral strategy for disease control. to effectively utilize this technology, the large-scale production and purification of double-stranded rna (dsrna) is necessary. here, a dsrna-expressing plasmid targeting the vp1 gene of chinese sacbrood virus (csbv) was constructed and e ... | 2016 | 27139728 |
| foraging bumble bees weigh the reliability of personal and social information. | many animals, including insects, make decisions using both personally gathered information and social information derived from the behavior of other, usually conspecific, individuals [1]. moreover, animals adjust use of social versus personal information appropriately under a variety of experimental conditions [2-5]. an important factor in how information is used is the information's reliability, that is, how consistently the information is correlated with something of relevance in the environme ... | 2016 | 27133871 |
| swarmsight: measuring the temporal progression of animal group activity levels from natural-scene and laboratory videos. | we describe swarmsight (available at https://github.com/justasb/swarmsight ), a novel, open-source, microsoft windows software tool for quantitative assessment of the temporal progression of animal group activity levels from recorded videos. the tool utilizes a background subtraction machine vision algorithm and provides an activity metric that can be used to quantitatively assess and compare animal group behavior. here we demonstrate the tool's utility by analyzing defensive bee behavior as mod ... | 2016 | 27130170 |
| large pathogen screening reveals first report of megaselia scalaris (diptera: phoridae) parasitizing apis mellifera intermissa (hymenoptera: apidae). | as it is most likely that global warming will also lead to a shift in pollinator-habitats northwards, the study of southern species becomes more and more important. pathogen screenings in subspecies of apis mellifera capable of withstanding higher temperatures, provide an insight into future pathogen host interactions. screenings in different climate regions also provide a global perspective on the prevalence of certain pathogens. in this project, we performed a pathogen screening in apis mellif ... | 2016 | 27130035 |
| comparison of varroa destructor and worker honeybee microbiota within hives indicates shared bacteria. | the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor is a major pest of the honeybee apis mellifera. in a previous study, bacteria were found in the guts of mites collected from winter beehive debris and were identified using sanger sequencing of their 16s rrna genes. in this study, community comparison and diversity analyses were performed to examine the microbiota of honeybees and mites at the population level. the microbiota of the mites and honeybees in 26 colonies in seven apiaries in czechia was studi ... | 2016 | 27129319 |
| the ectoparasitic mite tropilaelaps mercedesae reduces western honey bee, apismellifera, longevity and emergence weight, and promotes deformed wing virus infections. | historically an ectoparasite of the native giant honey bee apis dorsata, the mite tropilaelaps mercedesae has switched hosts to the introduced western honey bee apis mellifera throughout much of asia. few data regarding lethal and sub-lethal effects of t. mercedesae on a. mellifera exist, despite its similarity to the devastating mite varroa destructor. here we artificially infested worker brood of a. mellifera with t. mercedesae to investigate lethal (longevity) and sub-lethal (emergence weight ... | 2016 | 27126517 |
| neonicotinoids target distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neurons, leading to differential risks to bumblebees. | there is growing concern over the risk to bee populations from neonicotinoid insecticides and the long-term consequences of reduced numbers of insect pollinators to essential ecosystem services and food security. our knowledge of the risk of neonicotinoids to bees is based on studies of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and these findings are extrapolated to clothianidin based on its higher potency at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. this study addresses the specificity and consequences of all thr ... | 2016 | 27124107 |