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systemic acquired resistance in cavendish banana induced by infection with an incompatible strain of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.fusarium wilt of banana is caused by the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc). the fact that there are no economically viable biological, chemical, or cultural measures of controlling the disease in an infected field leads to search for alternative strategies involving activation of the plant's innate defense system. the mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance (sar) are much less understood in monocots than in dicots. since systemic protection of plants by attenua ...201323702248
root exudates from grafted-root watermelon showed a certain contribution in inhibiting fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum.grafting watermelon onto bottle gourd rootstock is commonly used method to generate resistance to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (fon), but knowledge of the effect of the root exudates of grafted watermelon on this soil-borne pathogen in rhizosphere remains limited. to investigate the root exudate profiles of the own-root bottle gourd, grafted-root watermelon and own-root watermelon, recirculating hydroponic culture system was developed to continuously trap these root exudates. both conidial g ...201323700421
effectiveness of dyes removal by mixed fungal cultures and toxicity of their metabolites.decolorization of brilliant green (0.06 g/l), evans blue (0.15 g/l), and their mixture (total concentration 0.08 g/l, proportion 1:1 w/w) by fungi was studied. fungal strains [pleurotus ostreatus (bwph), gloeophyllum odoratum (dca), and fusarium oxysporum (g1)] were used separately and as a mixture of them. zootoxicity (daphnia magna) and phytotoxicity (lemna minor) changes were estimated after the end of experiment. mixtures of fungal strains were less effective in decolorization process than t ...201323687394
antifungal attributes of siderophore produced by the pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25.siderophores produced by pseudomonas sp. play a vital role in controlling several plant diseases. public concern about chemical pesticides has fostered an interest to seek alternative control strategies. production of siderophore by pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25 in king b medium was estimated at 400 nm and was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography using sephadex g 25. antifungal activity and inhibition of spore germination was studied against the phytopathogens like fusarium oxyspo ...201423686966
coniochaetones e-i, new 4h-chromen-4-one derivatives from the cordyceps-colonizing fungus fimetariella sp.five new 4h-chromen-4-one derivatives coniochaetones e-i (1-5), along with the known compounds coniochaetones b (6) and a (7) have been isolated from solid cultures of the cordyceps-colonizing fungus fimetariella sp. their structures were elucidated primarily by nmr spectroscopy and the absolute configurations of compounds 1-3 were assigned using the modified mosher's method. compound 4 showed weak cytotoxic activity against hela cells with ic50 values of 72.8 μm. the co-isolated known compound ...201323685047
identification of volatile compounds produced by the bacterium burkholderia tropica that inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens.it has been documented that bacteria from the burkholderia genera produce different kinds of compounds that inhibit plant pathogens, however in burkholderia tropica, an endophytic diazotrophic and phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from a wide diversity of plants, the capacity to produce antifungal compounds has not been evaluated. in order to expand our knowledge about burkholderia tropica as a potential biological control agent, we analyzed 15 different strains of this bacterium to eval ...201523680857
heterologous expression of an aspartic protease gene from biocontrol fungus trichoderma asperellum in pichia pastoris.trichoderma asperellum parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. the mycoparasitic activity of t. asperellum depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall and proteases which are a group of enzymes capable of degrading proteins from host. in this study, a full-length cdna clone of aspartic protease gene, taasp, from t. asperellum was obtained and sequenced. the 1,185 bp long cdna sequence was predicted to encode a 395 amino acid ...201323677580
synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides.2-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-iums might be considered as a class of simple analogues of natural quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. in this paper, 26 new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides with various substituents in n-aromatic ring were synthesized from commercially available 1,3-benzodioxole in good to excellent yields. all the compounds were elucidated by ms, high resolution (hr)-ms, ir, (1)h- and (13)c-nmr analysis, and evaluated for antifungal activ ...201323666271
molecular cloning and expression of five glutathione s-transferase (gst) genes from banana (musa acuminata l. aaa group, cv. cavendish).three tau class magsts responded to abiotic stress, magstf1 and magstl1 responded to signaling molecules, they may play an important role in the growth of banana plantlet. glutathione s-transferases (gst) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including stress responses. in this study, we report the molecular characteristics of five gst genes (magstu1, magstu2, magstu3, magstf1 and magstl1) cloned from banana (musa acuminate l. aaa group, ...201323652818
maldi-fticr ms imaging as a powerful tool to identify paenibacillus antibiotics involved in the inhibition of plant pathogens.nowadays, microorganisms are more and more often used as biocontrol agents for crop protection against diseases. among them, bacteria of bacillus and paenibacillus genders are already used as commercial biocontrol agents. their mode of action is supposed to be related to their production of antibiotics, such as cyclic lipopeptides, which exhibit great antimicrobial activities. we chose to work with a paenibacillus polymyxa strain (pp56) very resistant to various microorganisms. the bacteria were ...201323636858
the endophytic strain fusarium oxysporum fo47: a good candidate for priming the defense responses in tomato roots.the protective fusarium oxysporum strain fo47 is effective in controlling fusarium wilt in tomato. previous studies have demonstrated the role of direct antagonism and involvement of induced resistance. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether priming of plant defense responses is a mechanism by which fo47 controls fusarium wilt. an in vitro design enabled inoculation of the tap root with fo47 and the pathogenic strain (fol8) at different locations and different times. the express ...201323617416
quantitative and microscopic assessment of compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea cultivars and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris races.fusarium wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, a main threat to global chickpea production, is managed mainly by resistant cultivars whose efficiency is curtailed by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris races.201323613839
characterization of an acid-tolerant β-1,4-glucosidase from fusarium oxysporum and its potential as an animal feed additive.an extracellular β-glucosidase (bgl) from fusarium oxysporum was purified to homogeneity by a single chromatography step on a gel filtration column. the optimum activity of bgl on cellobiose was observed at ph 5.0 and 60 °c. under the same conditions, the k(m) and v(max) values for p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside and cellobiose were 2.53 mm, 268 u mg protein(-1) and 20.3 mm, 193 u mg protein(-1), respectively. the f. oxysporum bgl enzyme was highly stable at acidic ph (t 1/2 = 470 min at ph 3) ...201323604557
antimicrobial activity of pleurocidin is retained in plc-2, a c-terminal 12-amino acid fragment.an analysis of a series of five peptides composed of various portions of the pleurocidin (plc) sequence identified a l2-amino acid fragment from the c-terminus of plc, designated plc-2, as the smallest fragment that retained a antimicrobial activity comparable to that of the parent compound. mic tests in vitro with low-ionic-strength medium showed that plc-2 has potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus but not against enterococcus faecalis. the a ...201323603258
evaluation of certain food additives.this report represents the conclusions of a joint fao/who expert committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to concluding as to safety concerns and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. the first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives, including flavouring agents. a summary follows of the commi ...201223600165
a nuclear localization for avr2 from fusarium oxysporum is required to activate the tomato resistance protein i-2.plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to promote host colonization. during infection of tomato xylem vessels, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) secretes the avr2 effector protein. besides being a virulence factor, avr2 is recognized intracellularly by the tomato i-2 resistance protein, resulting in the induction of host defenses. here, we show that avr2 is highly expressed in root- and xylem-colonizing hyphae three days post inoculation of roots. co-expression of i-2 with avr2 dele ...201323596453
a novel and highly efficient method for genetic transformation of fungi employing shock waves.genetic transformation of filamentous fungi is an essential tool in many areas such as biotechnology, medicine, phytopathology and genetics. however, available protocols to transform fungi are inefficient, laborious and have low reproducibility. we report the use of underwater shock waves as a novel method to transform filamentous fungi. an experimental piezoelectric shock wave generator was designed to expose fungal conidia to heterologous dna. the device was successfully tested in aspergillus ...201323583899
wound-induced pectin methylesterases enhance banana (musa spp. aaa) susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.recent studies suggest that plant pectin methylesterases (pmes) are directly involved in plant defence besides their roles in plant development. however, the molecular mechanisms of pme action on pectins are not well understood. in order to understand how pmes modify pectins during banana (musa spp.)-fusarium interaction, the expression and enzyme activities of pmes in two banana cultivars, highly resistant or susceptible to fusarium, were compared with each other. furthermore, the spatial distr ...201323580752
biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tomatoes by constitutive expression of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene.recent findings have implicated the role of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in stress tolerance. therefore, the present work was carried out with the goal of generating transgenic tomato plants with human s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (samdc) gene, a key gene involved in biosynthesis of polyamines, viz. spermidine and spermine and evaluating the transgenic plants for tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. several putative transgenic tomato plants with normal phenoty ...201123573001
isolation and characterization of a proteinaceous antifungal compound from lactobacillus plantarum yml007 and its application as a food preservative.korean kimchi is known for its myriad of lactic acid bacteria (lab) with diverse bioactive compounds. this study was undertaken to isolate an efficient antifungal lab strain among the isolated kimchi labs. one thousand and four hundred labs isolated from different kimchi samples were initially screened against aspergillus niger. the strain exhibiting the highest antifungal activity was identified as lactobacillus plantarum yml007 by 16s rrna sequencing and biochemical assays using api 50 chl kit ...201323565693
characterization and expression analysis of dirigent family genes related to stresses in brassica.the dirigent (dir) genes are playing a vital role in enhancing stress resistance in different crop plants. in this study, we collected 29 dir like genes, two from a brassica rapa cv. osome full length cdna library and 27 from the b. rapa database designated as b. rapa dirigent (brdir) like genes. sequence analysis and a comparison study of these genes confirmed that seven were dirigent and the remaining 22 were dirigent like genes. expression analysis revealed an organ specific expression of the ...201323562798
synthesis and antifungal activities of novel nicotinamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole.pant diseases in agriculture are extremely difficult to control, which bring about for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year; nicotinamide derivatives has attracted more and more attention in the field of pesticide due to their broad bioactivities. in an effort to discover new molecules with good antifungal activity, a series of nicotinamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and bio-assayed.201323561596
bacillus amyloliquefaciens q-426 as a potential biocontrol agent against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae.in recent years, bacillus species have received considerable attention for the biological control of many fungal diseases. in this study, bacillus amyloliquefaciens q-426 was tested for its potential use against a variety of plant pathogens. our screen for genes involved in the biosynthesis of antifungal agents revealed that the fen and bmy gene clusters are present in the q-426 genome. lipopeptides such as bacillomycin d, fengycin a, and fengycin b were purified from the bacterial culture broth ...201423553741
the intercropping partner affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici interactions in tomato.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and their bioprotective aspects are of great interest in the context of sustainable agriculture. combining the benefits of amf with the utilisation of plant species diversity shows great promise for the management of plant diseases in environmentally compatible agriculture. in the present study, amf were tested against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with tomato intercropped with either leek, cucumber, basil, fennel or tomato itself. arbuscular mycorrhiza ...201323549903
functional analysis of the cars gene of fusarium fujikuroi.the ascomycete fungus fusarium fujikuroi is a model system in the investigation of the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, such as gibberellins, bikaverin, and carotenoids. carotenoid-overproducing mutants, generically called cars, are easily obtained in this fungus by standard mutagenesis procedures. here we report the functional characterization of gene cars, responsible for this mutant phenotype. the identity of the gene was demonstrated through the finding of mutations in six indepen ...201323543145
biological interactions between soil saprotrophic fungi and ascaris suum eggs.the in vitro effect of saprotrophic soil fungi on the embryonic development of ascaris suum was evaluated. the fungi tested were aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, penicillium citrinum, penicillium expansum, fusarium oxysporum and trichothecium roseum, isolated from children's recreation areas in the city of lodz (poland). each species was co-cultured with a. suum egg suspension (6 × 10(3)eggs/ml) at 25 ± 2°c for 60 days. each day, 100 eggs were randomly collected and their developmenta ...201323534981
signaling specificity provided by the arabidopsis thaliana heterotrimeric g-protein γ subunits agg1 and agg2 is partially but not exclusively provided through transcriptional regulation.the heterotrimeric g-protein complex in arabidopsis thaliana consists of one α, one ß and three γ subunits. while two of the γ subunits, agg1 and agg2 have been shown to provide functional selectivity to the gßγ dimer in arabidopsis, it is unclear if such selectivity is embedded in their molecular structures or conferred by the different expression patterns observed in both subunits. in order to study the molecular basis for such selectivity we tested genetic complementation of agg1- and agg2 dr ...201323520518
chemical composition and antifungal activity of matricaria recutita flower essential oil against medically important dermatophytes and soil-borne pathogens.fungal infections are potential public health threats all over the world. in the present study, effect of matricaria recutita flower essential oil (eo) was evaluated against medically important dermatophytes and opportunistic saprophytes using microbioassay technique.201223518164
synthesis and structure-activity relationship of n-(cinnamyl) chitosan analogs as antimicrobial agents.the current study focuses on the preparation of new n-(cinnamyl) chitosan derivatives as antimicrobial agents against nine types of crop-threatening pathogens. chitosan was reacted with a set of aromatic cinnamaldehyde analogs by reductive amination involving formation of the corresponding imines, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride to produce n-(cinnamyl) chitosan derivatives. the structural characterization was confirmed by (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy and the degrees of substitut ...201323511055
an antifungal peptide from coffea canephora seeds with sequence homology to glycine-rich proteins exerts membrane permeabilization and nuclear localization in fungi.the superfamily of glycine-rich proteins (grps) corresponds to a large and complex group of plant proteins that may be involved in many developmental and physiological processes such as rna biogenesis, stress tolerance, pollen hydration and plant-pathogen interactions, showing defensive activity against fungi, bacteria and viruses.201323500079
comparative proteome analysis of the strawberry-fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae pathosystem reveals early activation of defense responses as a crucial determinant of host resistance.fusarium wilt on strawberry caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (fof) is a serious threat to commercial strawberry production worldwide. however, resistance mechanisms of strawberry against fof remain unknown. to reveal the defense responses of strawberry against fof, comparative proteome analyses were conducted to determine temporal changes in root proteomes of the resistant cv. festival and susceptible cv. camarosa from 4 to 72 h post inoculation with fof. analysis of proteins separa ...201323495785
toll-like receptors and myd88 adaptors in mytilus: complete cds and gene expression levels.tlr- and myd88-related sequences have been previously investigated in mytibase and then in new transcript reads obtained by illumina technology from the mussel, mytilus galloprovincialis. based on full cds and domain organizations of virtual translations, we identified 23 toll-like receptors (tlrs) and 3 myd88 adaptors. mgtlrs can be arranged in 4 clusters according to extra-cellular lrr domain content. mgtlr-b, -i and -k were the only ones containing a multiple cysteine cluster (mcctlr), a doma ...201323485525
volatile substances produced by fusarium oxysporum from coffee rhizosphere and other microbes affect meloidogyne incognita and arthrobotrys conoides.microorganisms produce volatile organic compounds (vocs) which mediate interactions with other organisms and may be the basis for the development of new methods to control plant-parasitic nematodes that damage coffee plants. in the present work, 35 fungal isolates were isolated from coffee plant rhizosphere, meloidogyne exigua eggs and egg masses. most of the fungal isolates belonged to the genus fusarium and presented in vitro antagonism classified as mutual exclusion and parasitism against the ...201223482720
a calcium ion-dependent dimeric bean lectin with antiproliferative activity toward human breast cancer mcf-7 cells.in this study, a 60.8-kda dimeric lectin was isolated from the phaseolus vulgaris cv. jade bean and characterized. the lectin was bound on blue sepharose 6 and q sepharose and was finally purified by size exclusion chromatography on superdex 200. its hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes was dependent on divalent cations, especially calcium ions. various carbohydrates tested were devoid of any effect on the hemagglutinating activity. the lectin was stable at ph between 4.5 and 9.4 ...201323475505
in vitro antifungal activity of synthetic dsrna molecules against two pathogens of banana, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and mycosphaerella fijiensis.a key challenge for designing rnai-based crop protection strategies is the identification of effective target genes in the pathogenic organism. in this study, in vitro antifungal activities of a set of synthetic double-stranded rna molecules on spore germination of two major pathogenic fungi of banana, fusarium oxysporum schlecht f. sp. cubense wc snyder & hn hans (foc) and mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet (mf) were evaluated.201323471899
inheritance and qtl mapping of fusarium wilt race 4 resistance in cotton.diseases such as fusarium wilt [fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (fov) atk. sny & hans] represent expanding threats to cotton production. integrating disease resistance into high-yielding, high-fiber quality cotton (gossypium spp.) cultivars is one of the most important objectives in cotton breeding programs worldwide. in this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of gene action in cotton governing fov race 4 resistance by combining conventional inheritance and quantitative trait loci ...201323471458
a newly developed real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of fusarium oxysporum and its use in compatible and incompatible interactions with grafted melon genotypes.a reliable and species-specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay was developed for detection of the complex soilborne anamorphic fungus fusarium oxysporum. the new primer pair, designed on the translation elongation factor 1-α gene with an amplicon of 142 bp, was highly specific to f. oxysporum without cross reactions with other fusarium spp. the protocol was applied to grafted melon plants for the detection and quantification of f. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, a devast ...201323464901
mites in the promoters of effector genes allow prediction of novel virulence genes in fusarium oxysporum.the plant-pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici (fol) has accessory, lineage-specific (ls) chromosomes that can be transferred horizontally between strains. a single ls chromosome in the fol4287 reference strain harbors all known fol effector genes. transfer of this pathogenicity chromosome confers virulence to a previously non-pathogenic recipient strain. we hypothesize that expression and evolution of effector genes is influenced by their genomic context.201323432788
[fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato].continuous cropping obstacle is one of the main restriction factors in potato industry. in order to explore the mechanisms of potato's continuous cropping obstacle and to reduce the impact on potato's tuber yield, a field experiment combined with pcr-dgge molecular fingerprinting was conducted to investigate the fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato. with the increasing year of potato' s continuous cropping, the numbers of visibl ...201223431794
identification of an exo-ß-1,3-d-galactanase from fusarium oxysporum and the synergistic effect with related enzymes on degradation of type ii arabinogalactan.an exo-ß-1,3-d-galactanase (fo/1,3gal) was purified from the culture filtrate of fusarium oxysporum 12s. a cdna encoding fo/1,3gal was isolated by in vitro cloning. module sequence analysis revealed a "gh43_6" domain and a "cbm35_galactosidase-like" domain in fo/1,3gal. the recombinant enzyme (rfo/1,3gal) expressed in pichia pastoris degraded ß-1,3-galactan and ß-1,3-galactobiose (gal2), and released only galactose (gal). in contrast, the enzyme did not hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl ß-d-galactopyranos ...201323429923
effect of nanoencapsulated vitamin b1 derivative on inhibition of both mycelial growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani.nanoencapsulation of thiamine dilauryl sulfate (tds), a vitamin b1 derivative, was proved to effectively inhibit the spore germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (f. oxysporum), as well as mycelial growth. the average diameter of nanoparticles was measured as 136 nm by being encapsulated with an edible encapsulant, lecithin, whose encapsulation efficiency was about 55% in containing 200 ppm of tds concentration: the 100 ppm tds nanoparticle solution showed a mycelial growth inhibition ...201323429270
chitinase a from stenotrophomonas maltophilia shows transglycosylation and antifungal activities.stenotrophomonas maltophilia chitinase (stmchia and stmchib) genes were cloned and expressed as soluble proteins of 70.5 and 41.6 kda in escherichia coli. ni-nta affinity purified stmchia and stmchib were optimally active at ph 5.0 and 7.0, respectively and exhibited broad range ph activity. stmchia and stmchib had an optimum temperature of 40°c and are stable up to 50 and 40°c, respectively. hydrolytic activity on chitooligosaccharides indicated that stmchia was an endo-acting enzyme releasing ...201323428818
anti-fungi activities of bacillus thuringiensis h3 chitinase and immobilized chitinase particles and their effects to rice seedling defensive enzymes.the chitinase producing bacterium h3 strain was screened from nature with the selective medium and was identified as bacillus thuringiensis. the purpose of this investigation is to study the antifungi activity of bacillus thuringiensis h3 chitinase and its immobilized particles, and the effects on growth of rice seedlings and activities of defensive enzymes. the rice seedlings qualities and several defense enzymes activity were measured after rice seedlings were treated by free chitinase and imm ...201223421182
native soil bacteria isolates in mexico exhibit a promising antagonistic effect against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici.sinaloa state accounts for 23% of mexico's tomato production. one constraint on this important crop is the fusarium crown and root rot, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, which has been reported to reduce crop yield by up to 50%. in this study, we set out to identify bacterial populations which could be used to control this disease through natural antagonism. five tomato rhizospheric soil samples were collected, dried for 1-week, and homogenized. sub-samples were used to pr ...201323417777
purification and characterization of an antifungal peptide with potent antifungal activity but devoid of antiproliferative and hiv reverse transcriptase activities from legumi secchi beans.a monomeric 9.4-kda peptide with antifungal activity was isolated from seeds of phaseolus vulgaris cv legumi secchi by using a protocol that involved affinity chromatography on blue-sepharose, ion exchange chromatography on q-sepharose, and gel filtration on superdex 75. it was adsorbed on blue-sepharose and unadsorbed on q-sepharose. its n-terminal sequence resembled those of other leguminous defensins. it impeded mycelial growth in the fungi helminthosporium maydis, rhizoctonia solani, mycosph ...201323412767
the composition of root exudates from two different resistant peanut cultivars and their effects on the growth of soil-borne pathogen.the high incidence of various soil-borne diseases in the monoculture field of peanut is a major production constraint in the red soil regions of southern china. the peanut root exudates are generally thought to play an important role in regulating soil-borne pathogens. the responses of the soil-borne pathogens, fusarium oxysporum and f. solani to the peanut root exudates were studied using one susceptible cultivar ganhua-5 (gh) and one mid-resistant cultivar quanhua-7 (qh) as the test materials. ...201323412138
in vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi.fungal keratitis is emerging as a major cause of vision loss in a developing country such as china because of higher incidence and the unavailability of effective antifungals. it is urgent to explore broad-spectrum antifungals to effectively suppress ocular fungal pathogens, and to develop new antifungal eye drops to combat this vision-threatening infection. the aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (nano-ag) in comparison with that of natamycin agai ...201323410063
endophytic fungi isolated from oil-seed crop jatropha curcas produces oil and exhibit antifungal activity.jatropha curcas l., a perennial plant grown in tropics and subtropics is popularly known for its potential as biofuel. the plant is reported to survive under varying environmental conditions having tolerance to stress and an ability to manage pest and diseases. the plant was explored for its endophytic fungi for use in crop protection. endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf of jatropha curcas, collected from new delhi, india. four isolates were identified as colletotrichum truncatum, and other ...201323409154
synergysm of voriconazole or itraconazole with other antifungal agents against species of fusarium.infections caused by fusarium are difficult to treat because these fungi show in vitro and in vivo resistance to practically all the antifungal agents available, which explains the high mortality rates. an attempt to overcome fungal resistance is the combination of antifungal agents, especially those with different mechanisms of action.201623402831
synthesis, antifungal and antibacterial activity for novel amide derivatives containing a triazole moiety.plant fungi (e.g., pellicularia sasakii, gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, and cytospora mandshurica and phytophthora infestans) and bacteria (e.g., ralstonia solanacearum) are extremely difficult to manage in agricultural production. the high incidence of plant mortality and the lack of effective control methods make p. sasakii and r. solanacearum two of the world's most destructive plant pathogens. pathogenic fungi and bacteria are responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worl ...201323402603
purification and identification of two antifungal cyclic dipeptides from bacillus cereus subsp. thuringiensis associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode especially against fusarium oxysporum.the cell-free culture filtrate of bacillus cereus subsp. thuringiensis associated with an entomopathogenic nematode (epn), rhabditis (oscheius) sp., exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterial culture filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain two cyclic dipeptides (cdps). the structure and absolute stereochemistry of this compound were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (fabms, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy ...201423402421
insights from the fungus fusarium oxysporum point to high affinity glucose transporters as targets for enhancing ethanol production from lignocellulose.ethanol is the most-widely used biofuel in the world today. lignocellulosic plant biomass derived from agricultural residue can be converted to ethanol via microbial bioprocessing. fungi such as fusarium oxysporum can simultaneously saccharify straw to sugars and ferment sugars to ethanol. but there are many bottlenecks that need to be overcome to increase the efficacy of microbial production of ethanol from straw, not least enhancement of the rate of fermentation of both hexose and pentose suga ...201323382943
extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bacillus sp. gp-23 and evaluation of their antifungal activity towards fusarium oxysporum.in last few decades nanoparticles have attracted and emerged as a field in biomedical research due to their incredible applications. the current research was focused on extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using cell free culture supernatant of strain gp-23. it was found that the strain gp-23 belonged to bacillus species by 16s rrna sequence analysis. biosynthesis of agnps was achieved by addition of culture supernatant with aqueous silver nitrate solution, after 24 h it turne ...201323376272
molecular analyses of fusarium isolates recovered from a cluster of invasive mold infections in a brazilian hospital.invasive fusariosis (if) is a rare but often fatal fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients. in 2007, cases of if above the expected epidemiologic baseline were detected in the hematology ward of a hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. possible sources of infection were investigated by performing environmental sampling and patient isolate collection, followed by molecular typing. isolates from dermatology patients with superficial fusariosis were included in the study for comparison to molecu ...201323363475
extracellular biosynthesis of cdte quantum dots by the fungus fusarium oxysporum and their anti-bacterial activity.the growing demand for semiconductor [quantum dots (q-dots)] nanoparticles has fuelled significant research in developing strategies for their synthesis and characterization. they are extensively investigated by the chemical route; on the other hand, use of microbial sources for biosynthesis witnessed the highly stable, water dispersible nanoparticles formation. here we report, for the first time, an efficient fungal-mediated synthesis of highly fluorescent cdte quantum dots at ambient condition ...201323357677
control of panama disease of banana by rotating and intercropping with chinese chive (allium tuberosum rottler): role of plant volatiles.intercropping and rotating banana (musa spp.) with chinese chive (allium tuberosum rottler) has been used as an effective method to control panama disease (fusarium wilt) of banana in south china. however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. in this study, we used aqueous leachates and volatiles from chinese chive to evaluate their antimicrobial activity on fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (foc), the causal agent of panama disease in banana, and identified the antifungal compounds. both ...201323355016
endophytic fungi from vitis labrusca l. ('niagara rosada') and its potential for the biological control of fusarium oxysporum.we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (vitis labrusca cv. niagara rosada) leaves collected from salesópolis, sp, brazil. the fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 rdna. in addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. we also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature ...201223315803
molecular variability among isolates of fusarium oxysporum associated with root rot disease of agave tequilana.in this study, 115 isolates of fusarium oxysporum from roots of agave tequilana weber cv azul plants and soil in commercial plantations in western mexico were characterized using morphological and molecular methods. genetic analyses of monosporic isolates included restriction enzyme analysis of rdna (ardra) using haeiii and hinfi, and genetic diversity was determined using box-pcr molecular markers. box-pcr analysis generated 14 groups. the groups correlated highly with the geographic location o ...201323315087
a medicago truncatula abc transporter belonging to subfamily g modulates the level of isoflavonoids.full-sized atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters of the g subfamily (abcg) are considered to be essential components of the plant immune system. these proteins have been proposed to be implicated in the active transmembrane transport of various secondary metabolites. despite the importance of abcg-based transport for plant-microbe interactions, these proteins are still poorly recognized in legumes. the experiments described here demonstrated that the level of medicago truncatula abcg10 (mtabcg ...201323314816
a proteomic approach provides new insights into the control of soil-borne plant pathogens by bacillus species.beneficial microorganisms (also known as biopesticides) are considered to be one of the most promising methods for more rational and safe crop management practices. we used bacillus strains eu07, qst713 and fzb24, and investigated their inhibitory effect on fusarium. bacterial cell cultures, cell-free supernatants and volatiles displayed varying degrees of suppressive effect. proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from eu07 and fzb24 revealed the presence of lytic enzymes, cellulases, proteases ...201323301041
iron competition in fungus-plant interactions: the battle takes place in the rhizosphere.soilborne fungal pathogens are highly persistent and provoke important crop losses. during saprophytic and infectious stages in the soil, these organisms face situations of nutrient limitation and lack of essential elements, such as iron. we investigated the role of the bzip transcription factor hapx as a central regulator of iron homeostasis and virulence in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum. this root-infecting plant pathogen attacks more than hundred different crops and is an emergi ...201323299422
northeast red beans produce a thermostable and ph-stable defensin-like peptide with potent antifungal activity.a 5.4-kda antifungal peptide was purified from phaseolus vulgaris l. cv. "northeast red bean" using a protocol that entailed affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. the molecular mass was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the peptide was highly homologous to defensins and defensin-like peptides from several plant species. the peptide impeded the growth of a number of pathogenic fungi, ...201323292358
in vitro antifungal activity of dehydrozingerone and its fungitoxic properties.the efficacy of dehydrozingerone (dz; dehydroderivative of zingerone) as an antifungal agent and its mode of action against food spoilage fungal pathogens was studied and presented. dz is a constituent of ginger (zingiber officinale rhizomes) and structural half analogue of curcumin. its efficacy against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus ochraceus, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated. effect of dz on the growth and sporulation of a. o ...201223278709
root exudates of transgenic cotton and their effects on fusarium oxysporum.the components of the root exudates from two transgenic insect-resistant cotton lines and their parental cotton lines, and their effects on the growth of fusarium oxysporum were investigated. the results demonstrated that the resistance of transgenic insect-resistant cotton to f. oxysporum was significantly reduced compared with their parental lines. likewise, the root exudates from transgenic insect-resistant cotton significantly promoted the spore germination and mycelial growth of cotton f. o ...201323276956
temporal and spatial changes in phenolic compounds in response to fusarium wilt in chickpea and pigeonpea.plant phenolic compounds are known to play an important role in innate plant defense and are reported to show temporal and spatial changes in response to abiotic and biotic stress including invading pathogens. in the present study, spatial and temporal variations in phenolic compounds in response to infection by wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (foc) and fusarium udum (fud) were studied in wilt resistant and wilt susceptible cultivars of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and pigeonpea ...201223273197
the insect galleria mellonella as a powerful infection model to investigate bacterial pathogenesis.the study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. the use of insects as infection models provides a valuable alternative. compared to other non-vertebrate model hosts such as nematodes, insects have a relatively advanced system of antimicrobial defenses and are thus more likely to produce information relevant to the mammalian infection process. like mammals, insects possess a complex innate immune syste ...201223271509
in vitro and in vivo biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi by certain bioagents and their possible mode of action.the study aimed to investigate new wide-spectrum biological control agents against soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. screening of 336 fungal strains and 256 bacterial strains was carried out in vitro to select the most promising isolates for controlling destructive pathogens of greenhouse-vegetables. in dual cultures, bacillus subtilis jf419701 and trichoderma harzianum jf419706 (teleomorph: hypocrea lixii) inhibited the growth of alternaria alternata, fusarium oxysporum, exserohilum rostratum, ...201223269217
synthesis, structural and fungicidal studies of hydrazone based coordination compounds.the coordination compounds of the co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal ions derived from imine based ligand, benzil bis(carbohydarzone) were structurally and pharmaceutically studied. the compounds have the general stoichiometry [m(l)]x(2) and [co(l)x(2)], where m=ni(ii) and cu(ii), and x=no(3)(-) and cl(-) ions. the analytical techniques like elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ir, uv/visible, nmr, esi mass and epr were used to study the compound ...201323261608
cloning and expression analysis of squalene synthase, a key enzyme involved in antifungal steroidal glycoalkaloids biosynthesis from solanum nigrum.steroidal glycoalkaloids (sgas) are a family of nitrogenous secondary metabolites produced in solanaceous plants. in our present study, γ-solamargine and its aglycone solasodine from solanum nigrum were found to inhibit hyphae formation of fusarium oxysporum. as phytoalexins, the formation of sgas was significantly increased in the plants when infected with the spore of f. oxysporum. in order to understand this inducible defense mechanism, the rate-limiting enzyme squalene synthase in the biosyn ...201223229144
purification and characterization of an alkaliphilic choline oxidase of fusarium oxysporum.a novel choline oxidase found in a fungus, fusarium oxysporum strain v2, was purified to homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme has a molecular mass of 128 kda and consists of two identical subunits. the purified enzyme showed adsorption peaks at 340 nm and 450 nm. it showed alkaliphilic ph characteristics: its optimum ph was 9.0-10.0, and it was stable at ph 8.0-10.2. the michaelis constant (km) values for choline and betaine aldehyde ...201223221722
surface enhanced raman scattering, antibacterial and antifungal active triangular gold nanoparticles.shape controlled syntheses of gold nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention as their optical, electronic, magnetic and biological properties are strongly dependent on the size and shape of the particles. here is a report on the surface enhanced raman scattering (sers) activity of cinnamomum zeylanicum leaf broth reduced gold nanoparticles consisting of triangular and spherical like particles, using 2-aminothiophenol (2-atp) and crystal violet (cv) as probe molecules. nanoparticles ...201323220525
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores host bacteria that affect nutrient biodynamics and biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens.the aim of this research was to isolate and characterize bacteria from spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). we designated these bacteria 'probable endobacteria' (pe). three bacterial strains were isolated from approximately 500 spores of gigaspora margarita (becker and hall) using a hypodermic needle (diameter, 200 μm). the bacteria were identified by morphological methods and on the basis of ribosomal gene sequences as bacillus sp. (ktcigm01), bacillus thuringiensis (ktcigm02), and pae ...201123213368
in vitro antifungal activity of burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola against some phytopathogenic fungi.the trend to search novel microbial natural biocides has recently been increasing in order to avoid the environmental pollution from use of synthetic pesticides. among these novel natural biocides are the bioactive secondary metabolites of burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola (bga). the aim of this study is to determine antifungal activity of bga strains against some phytopathogenic fungi. the fungicidal tests were carried out using cultures and cell-free culture filtrates against botrytis cine ...201223208371
antifungal activity of (kw)n or (rw)n peptide against fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum.the presence of lysine (lys) or arginine (arg) and tryptophan (trp) are important for the antimicrobial effects of cationic peptides. therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of antimicrobial peptides with various numbers of lys (or arg) and trp repeats [(kw and rw)(n)-nh(2), where n equals 2, 3, 4, or 5]. antifungal activities of these peptides increased with chain length. light microscopy demonstrated that longer peptides (n = 4, 5) strongly inhibited in vitro growth of fusarium solani, ...201223203110
synthesis and antifungal activity of n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives.a series of n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized. all target compounds were characterized by spectral data (¹h-nmr, ¹³c-nmr, ir, ms) and elemental analysis and were bioassayed in vitro against three kinds of phytopathogenic fungi (gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, cytospora mandshurica). the results showed that some of the synthesized n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamides e ...201223201640
discovery of a new source of resistance to fusarium oxysporum, cause of fusarium wilt in allium fistulosum, located on chromosome 2 of allium cepa aggregatum group.this study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effect of allium cepa aggregatum group (shallot) metabolites on fusarium oxysporum and to determine the shallot chromosome(s) related to fusarium wilt resistance using a complete set of eight allium fistulosum - shallot monosomic addition lines. the antifungal effects of hexane, butanol, and water extraction fractions from bulbs of shallot on 35 isolates of f. oxysporum were examined using the disc diffusion method. only hexane and butanol fr ...201223199574
de novo characterization of the banana root transcriptome and analysis of gene expression under fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 infection.bananas and plantains (musa spp.) are among the most important crops in the world due to their nutritional and export value. however, banana production has been devastated by fungal infestations caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc), which cannot be effectively prevented or controlled. since there is very little known about the molecular mechanism of foc infections; therefore, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional changes induced by foc in banana roots.201223170772
biochemical-, biophysical-, and microarray-based antifungal evaluation of the buffer-mediated synthesized nano zinc oxide: an in vivo and in vitro toxicity study.here we describe a simple, novel method of zinc oxide nanoparticle (znp) synthesis and physicochemical characterization. the dose-dependent antifungal effect of znps, compared to that of micronized zinc oxide (mzno), was studied on two pathogenic fungi: aspergillus niger and fusarium oxysporum. superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity, catalase activity, glutathione reductase (gr) activity, thiol content, lipid peroxidation, and proline content in znp-treated fungal sam ...201223163331
contribution of bacillomycin d in bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 to antifungal activity and biofilm formation.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains are capable of suppressing soilborne pathogens through the secretion of an array of lipopeptides and root colonization, and biofilm formation ability is considered a prerequisite for efficient root colonization. in this study, we report that one of the lipopeptide compounds (bacillomycin d) produced by the rhizosphere strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 not only plays a vital role in the antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum but also affects the e ...201323160135
structural elucidation of the exopolysaccharide produced by fungus fusarium oxysporum y24-2.the extracellular polysaccharide fo1 was isolated from the fermentation broth of an endophytic fungus (fusarium oxysporum) of ipomoea pes-caprae. its structural characteristics were studied by chemical and methylation analyses, and 1d and 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. results indicated that this exopolysaccharide consists of a disaccharide repeating unit with the following structure (n≈111): [→2)-β-d-galf(1→6)-α-d-glcp(1→](n).201323159374
synthesis of novel 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-thiones and evaluation of their biocidal effects.novel 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-thiones have been synthesized in high yields by treatment of the corresponding oxo analogs with lawesson's reagent. the structure has been confirmed by x-ray analysis. the compounds were tested for in vitro antifungal activity against rhizoctonia bataticola, sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium oxysporum and alternaria porii. the compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against all pathogens. insecticidal activity of these compounds against spod ...201223153816
control of fusarium wilt in banana with chinese leek.the inhibitory effects of chinese leek(allium tuberosum) on fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc) and on fusarium wilt incidence were studied in order to identify a potential efficient way to control the disease. adopting the rotation system of chinese leek-banana reduced the fusarium wilt incidence and disease severity index by 88 %-97 % and 91 %-96 %, respectively, improved the crop value by 36 %-86 %, in an area heavily infested by foc between 2007 and 2009. as a result of inoculation in th ...201223144534
proliferation of diversified clostridial species during biological soil disinfestation incorporated with plant biomass under various conditions.biological soil disinfestation (bsd) involves the anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass by microbial communities leading to control of plant pathogens. we analyzed bacterial communities in soil of a model experiment of bsd, as affected by biomass incorporation under various conditions, to find out the major anaerobic bacterial groups which emerged after bsd treatments. the soil was treated with brassica juncea plants, wheat bran, or avena strigosa plants, irrigated at 20 or 30 % moisture cont ...201323132344
antifungal activity of the algerian lawsonia inermis (henna).lawsonia inermis linn. (lythraceae) or henna has been used since the earliest times as a medicine, preservative, and cosmetic. it has long been recommended in traditional medicine as an astringent, purgative, and abortifacient.201323126251
arsenate reduction and methylation in the cells of trichoderma asperellum sm-12f1, penicillium janthinellum sm-12f4, and fusarium oxysporum cz-8f1 investigated with x-ray absorption near edge structure.synchrotron radiation-based x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) was introduced to directly analysis chemical species of arsenic (as) in the cells of trichoderma asperellum sm-12f1, penicillium janthinellum sm-12f4, and fusarium oxysporum cz-8f1 capable of as accumulation and volatilisation. after exposure to as(v) of 500 mg l(-1) for 15 days, a total of 60.5% and 65.3% of the accumulated as in the cells of t. asperellum sm-12f1 and p. janthinellum sm-12f4, respectively, was as(iii), fol ...201223122191
p-coumaric acid influenced cucumber rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the growth of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum owen.autotoxicity of cucumber root exudates or decaying residues may be the cause of the soil sickness of cucumber. however, how autotoxins affect soil microbial communities is not yet fully understood.201223118972
characterization of the defense transcriptome responsive to fusarium oxysporum-infection in arabidopsis using rna-seq.we analyzed the dynamic defense transcriptome responsive to fusarium oxysporum infection in arabidopsis using a strand-specific rna-sequencing approach. following infection, 177 and 571 genes were up-regulated, 30 and 125 genes were down-regulated at 1 day-post-inoculation (1dpi) and 6dpi, respectively. of these genes, 116 were up-regulated and seven down-regulated at both time points, suggesting that most genes up-regulated at the early stage of infection tended to be constantly up-regulated at ...201323107761
the velvet complex governs mycotoxin production and virulence of fusarium oxysporum on plant and mammalian hosts.fungal pathogens provoke devastating losses in agricultural production, contaminate food with mycotoxins and give rise to life-threatening infections in humans. the soil-borne ascomycete fusarium oxysporum attacks over 100 different crops and can cause systemic fusariosis in immunocompromised individuals. here we functionally characterized vea, velb, velc and laea, four components of the velvet protein complex which regulates fungal development and secondary metabolism. deletion of vea, velb and ...201323106229
thermographic visualization of leaf response in cucumber plants infected with the soil-borne pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.infection with the soil-borne pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc), which causes fusarium wilt of cucumber plants, might result in changes in plant transpiration and water status within leaves. to monitor leaf response in cucumber infected with foc, digital infrared thermography (dit) was employed to detect changes in leaf temperature. during the early stages of foc infection, stomata closure was induced by aba in leaves, resulting in a decreased transpiration rate and increased ...201223103050
plant growth promotion abilities and formulation of bacillus megaterium strain b 388 (mtcc6521) isolated from a temperate himalayan location.bacillus megaterium strain b388, isolated from rhizosphere soil of pine belonging to a temperate himalayan location has been characterized. the plant growth promotion and biocontrol properties of the bacterium have been evaluated through petridish and broth based assays. the isolate solubilized tricalcium phosphate under in vitro conditions; maximum activity (166 μg/ml) was recorded at 28°c after 15 days of incubation. production of indole acetic acid demonstrated in broth assays was another imp ...200823100732
antagonistic and antimicrobial activities of some bacterial isolates collected from soil samples.thirty seven bacterial cultures isolated from soil samples obtained from different locations were tested for their antagonistic activity against some fungal pathogens, viz., sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani, causal agents of collar rot of sunflower, wilts and root rots, respectively. among them, 5 bacterial strains, viz., a1 6 (bacillus sphaericus), k1 24 (pseudomonas fluorescens), m1 42 (bacillus circulans), m1 66 (bacillus brevis) and t1 22 (bacillus brevis) showed ...200723100644
isolation and characterization of mutants of pseudomonas maltophila pm-4 altered in chitinolytic activity and antagonistic activity against root rot pathogens of clusterbean (cyamopsis tetragonoloba).pseudomonas maltophila pm-4, an antagonist of pathogenic fungi including rhizoctonia bataticola, r. solani, fusarium oxysporum and sclerotinia sclerotiorum associated with root rot of clusterbean (cyamopsis tetragonoloba) was mutagenized with tn5. hyperchitinase producing mutants showing large zone of colloidal chitin dissolution were identified on medium containing calcoflor dye as an indicator. a mutant p-48 producing 137% higher chitinase activity than the parent strain pm-4 was identified. s ...200723100642
dual resistance of melon to fusarium oxysporum races 0 and 2 and to papaya ring-spot virus is controlled by a pair of head-to-head-oriented nb-lrr genes of unusual architecture. 201323100482
co-occurring anammox, denitrification, and codenitrification in agricultural soils.anammox and denitrification mediated by bacteria are known to be the major microbial processes converting fixed n to n(2) gas in various ecosystems. codenitrification and denitrification by fungi are additional pathways producing n(2) in soils. however, fungal codenitrification and denitrification have not been well investigated in agricultural soils. to evaluate bacterial and fungal processes contributing to n(2) production, molecular and (15)n isotope analyses were conducted with soil samples ...201323087029
bilateral fusarium oxysporum keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis.we report the successful management of a rare case of bilateral post-laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) fusarium oxysporum keratitis and propose a therapeutic strategy. a 19-year-old white man with no systemic diseases was referred to our emergency service 3 days after microkeratome-assisted myopic bilateral lasik correction. he complained of blurred-vision, photophobia, and ocular pain. clinical findings (satellite lesions, hypopyon) suggested fungal keratitis. flaps were immediately lifted a ...201223079318
chemical communication between the endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium variabile and the phytopathogen fusarium oxysporum.paraconiothyrium variabile, one of the specific endophytic fungi isolated from the host plant cephalotaxus harringtonia, possesses the faculty to inhibit the growth of common phytopathogens, thus suggesting a role in its host protection. a strong antagonism between the endophyte p. variabile and fusarium oxysporum was observed and studied using optic and electronic microscopies. a disorganization of the mycelium of f. oxysporum was thus noticed. interestingly, the biological effect of the main s ...201223077591
lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factors: new roles in plant defense.over the last two decades, several transcription factor gene families have been identified with some of them characterized in detail for their roles on transcriptional regulation of plant defense responses against pest or pathogen attack. we have recently added another transcription factor gene family to this list through the characterization of the lateral organ boundaries (lob) domain (lbd)-containing protein20 (lbd20). we showed lbd20 acts as a repressor of a subset of jasmonate mediated defe ...201223073022
correlations between root-associated microorganisms and peach replant disease symptoms in a california soil.replant disease often occurs when certain crops are "replanted" in a soil that had previously supported the same or similar plant species. this disease typically leads to reductions in plant growth, crop yields, and production duration, and its etiology remains ill-defined. the objective of this study was to identify microorganisms associated with peach replant disease symptoms at a field location in california, usa. soil samples were subjected to treatments to create various levels of replant d ...201223071565
isolation of proline-based cyclic dipeptides from bacillus sp. n strain associated with rhabditid [corrected] entomopathogenic nematode and its antimicrobial properties.entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) are well-known as biological control agents and are found to have associated bacteria which can produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. we report herewith isolation of six proline containing cyclic dipeptides cyclo(d-pro-l-leu), cyclo(l-pro-l-met), cyclo(d-pro-l-phe), cyclo(l-pro-l-phe), cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr) and cyclo(l-pro-d-tyr) from ethyl acetate extract of the luria broth (lb) cell free culture filtrate of bacillus sp. strain n associated with ...201323065379
antifungal activity of extracts from endophytic fungi associated with smallanthus maintained in vitro as autotrophic cultures and as pot plants in the greenhouse.the endophytic fungal assemblages associated with smallanthus sonchifolius (poepp.) h. rob. and smallanthus uvedalius (l.) mack. ex small growing in vitro autotrophic cultures and in the greenhouse were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce bioactive compounds. a total of 25 isolates were recovered that were genetically closely related to species of the genera bionectria , cladosporium , colletotrichum , fusarium , gibberella , hypocrea , lecythophora , nigrospora , plectosphaere ...201223061637
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