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two trichome birefringence-like proteins mediate xylan acetylation, which is essential for leaf blight resistance in rice.acetylation is a ubiquitous modification on cell wall polymers, which play a structural role in plant growth and stress defenses. however, the mechanisms for how crop plants accomplish cell wall polymer o-acetylation are largely unknown. here, we report on the isolation and characterization of two trichome birefringence-like (tbl) mutants in rice (oryza sativa), which are affected in xylan o-acetylation. ostbl1 and ostbl2 single mutant and the tbl1 tbl2 double mutant displayed a stunted growth p ...201627864442
the overexpression of insect endogenous small rnas in transgenic rice inhibits growth and delays pupation of striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis).the striped stem borer (ssb), chilo suppressalis walker, is a major rice insect pest worldwide. rna interference (rnai) has become a promising strategy for developing insect-resistant crops. in a previous study, five double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) targeting important ssb housekeeping genes were overexpressed in rice, but none of the acquired dsrna-transgenic rice plants showed significant effects on ssb.201627862861
design of an optimal promoter involved in the heat-induced transcriptional pathway in arabidopsis, soybean, rice and maize.interactions between heat shock (hs) factors (hsfs) and heat shock response elements (hses) are important during the heat shock response (hsr) of flora and fauna. moreover, plant hsfs that are involved in heat stress are also involved in abiotic stresses such as dehydration and cold as well as development, cell differentiation and proliferation. because the specific combination of hsfs and hses involved in plants under heat stress remains unclear, the mechanism of their interaction has not yet b ...201727862521
a single base change explains the independent origin of and selection for the nonshattering gene in african rice domestication.reduced seed shattering was a critical evolutionary step in crop domestication. two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, were independently domesticated from the wild species oryza rufipogon in asia and oryza barthii in africa, respectively. a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the c gene, which encodes a trihelix transcription factor, causes nonshattering in o. sativa. however, the genetic mechanism of nonshattering in o. glaberrima is poorly understood. we conducted ...201727861933
effect of n fertilization pattern on rice yield, n use efficiency and fertilizer-n fate in the yangtze river basin, china.high n loss and low n use efficiency (nue), caused by high n fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (oryza sativa l.) growing regions of southern china. changing current farmer fertilizer practice (ffp, 225 kg ha-1 n as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one-time root-zone fertilization (rzf, 225 kg ha-1 n applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from t ...201627861491
dynamic and rapid changes in the transcriptome and epigenome during germination and in developing rice (oryza sativa) coleoptiles under anoxia and re-oxygenation.detailed molecular profiling of oryza sativa (rice) was carried out to uncover the features that are essential for germination and early seedling growth under anoxic conditions. temporal analysis of the transcriptome and methylome from germination to young seedlings under aerobic and anaerobic conditions revealed 82% similarity in the transcriptome and no differences in the epigenome up to 24 h. following germination, significant changes in the transcriptome and dna methylation were observed bet ...201727859855
temporal dynamics, population characterization and mycotoxins accumulation of fusarium graminearum in eastern china.trichothecene genotype composition, mycotoxin production, genetic diversity, and population structure were analyzed, using 185 fusarium strains collected from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout the jiangsu province during 1976, 1983, 1998, 2006, and 2014. the results showed that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon) was consistently the predominant type in this region over 40 years, and the nivalenol (niv) type has emerged since 1998. long-term rotation of wheat and rice (oryza sativa l.), rather ...201627853184
analysis of ribosome-associated mrnas in rice reveals the importance of transcript size and gc content in translation.gene expression is controlled at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels including decoding of messenger rna (mrna) into polypeptides via ribosome-mediated translation. translational regulation has been intensively studied in the model dicot plant arabidopsis thaliana, and in this study, we assessed the translational status [proportion of steady-state mrna associated with ribosomes] of mrnas by translating ribosome affinity purification followed by mrna-sequencing (trap-seq) in rice (ory ...201727852012
influence of leaf vein density and thickness on hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) during water stress.the leaf venation architecture is an ideal, highly structured and efficient irrigation system in plant leaves. leaf vein density (lvd) and vein thickness are the two major properties of this system. leaf laminae carry out photosynthesis to harvest the maximum biological yield. it is still unknown whether the lvd and/or leaf vein thickness determines the plant hydraulic conductance (kplant) and leaf photosynthetic rate (a). to investigate this topic, the current study was conducted with two varie ...201627848980
genome-wide association mapping of cold tolerance genes at the seedling stage in rice.rice is a temperature-sensitive crop and its production is severely affected by low temperature in temperate and sub-tropical regions. to understand the genetic basis of cold tolerance in rice, we evaluated the cold tolerance at the seedling stage (cts) of 295 rice cultivars in the rice diversity panel 1 (rdp1), these cultivars were collected from 82 countries.201627848161
impact of snps on protein phosphorylation status in rice (oryza sativa l.).single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are widely used in functional genomics and genetics research work. the high-quality sequence of rice genome has provided a genome-wide snp and proteome resource. however, the impact of snps on protein phosphorylation status in rice is not fully understood. in this paper, we firstly updated rice snp resource based on the new rice genome ver. 7.0, then systematically analyzed the potential impact of non-synonymous snps (nssnps) on the protein phosphorylation ...201627845739
biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient contents in upland rice plants affected by application forms of microorganism growth promoters.microorganisms are considered a genetic resource with great potential for achieving sustainable development of agricultural areas. the objective of this research was to determine the effect of microorganism application forms on the production of biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient content in upland rice. the experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design in a factorial 7 × 3 + 1, with four replications. the treatments consisted of combining seven microorga ...201727844322
trace elements in native and improved paddy rice from different climatic regions of sri lanka: implications for public health.samples of 226 new improved and 21 indigenous rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties were collected from the rice fields in three climatic zones of sri lanka and concentrations of 18 trace elements (li, b, al, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, cu, zn, as, se, sr, mo, cd, ba, pb and bi) were measured giving particular emphasis on se, cd and as using icp-ms. the two way multivariate analysis of variance (manova) method was employed to identify the differences in composition among rice from different climatic zones.201627843741
a multilayered screening method for the identification of regulatory genes in rice by agronomic traits.we developed a multilayered screening method that integrates both genome and transcriptome data to effectively identify regulatory genes in rice (oryza sativa). we tested our method using eight rice accessions that differed in three important nutritional and agricultural traits, anthocyanin biosynthesis, amylose content, and heading date. in the genome resequencing of eight rice accessions with 24 rna sequencing experiments, 98% of the preprocessed reads could be uniquely mapped to the reference ...201627840573
transcription factor wrky62 plays a role in pathogen defense and hypoxia-responsive gene expression in rice.wrky62 is a transcriptional repressor regulated downstream of wrky45, a central transcription factor of the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice. previously, wrky62 was reported to regulate defense negatively. however, our expressional analysis using wrky62-knockdown rice indicated that wrky62 positively regulates defense genes, including diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and their transcriptional regulator dpf. blast and leaf blight resistance tests also showed that wrky62 is a pos ...201627837098
rice mutants deficient in ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (fad8) fail to acclimate to cold temperatures.to investigate the role of ω-3 fatty acid (fa) desaturase (fad8) during cold acclimation in higher plants, we characterized three independent t-dna insertional knock-out mutants of osfad8 from rice (oryza sativa l.). at room temperature (28 °c), osfad8 plants exhibited significant alterations in fatty acid (fa) unsaturation for all four investigated plastidic lipid classes. during a 5-d acclimation period at 4 °c, further changes in fa unsaturation in both wild-type (wt) and mutant plants varied ...201627835850
rice cyo1, an ortholog of arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis factor atcyo1, is expressed in leaves and involved in photosynthetic performance.in the dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana, the cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis factor atcyo1 is crucial for the biogenesis of cotyledon chloroplasts. arabidopsis mutants lacking atcyo1 have pale cotyledons but develop normal mature leaves. in the monocotyledonous plant oryza sativa, the gene oscyo1 has high sequence identity to atcyo1, but its function is unknown. we examined the role of oscyo1 in o. sativa. we first confirmed that transformation with oscyo1 could recover the phenotype o ...201627835768
development of marker-free insect-resistant indica rice by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation.agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation is an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic plants. in this study, the vectors pmf-2a(∗) containing a synthetic cry2a(∗) gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter and pcambia1301 harboring hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) were introduced into minghui86 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica), an elite indica restorer line. two independent transformants containing both the cry2a(∗) gene and hpt gene were regenerated. several homozygous marker-f ...201627833629
increase phosphorus availability from the use of alfalfa (medicago sativa l) green manure in rice (oryza sativa l.) agroecosystem.alfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (vicia faba l.), and two n fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. the results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (p) fractions (including nahco3-pi, naoh-pi), p uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) than broad ...201627833163
exploitation of heterosis loci for yield and yield components in rice using chromosome segment substitution lines.we constructed 128 chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls), derived from a cross between indica rice (oryza sativa l.) 9311 and japonica rice nipponbare, to investigate the genetic mechanism of heterosis. three photo-thermo-sensitive-genic male sterile lines (guangzhan63-4s, 036s, and lian99s) were selected to cross with each cssl to produce testcross populations (tcs). field experiments were carried out in 2009, 2011, and 2015 to evaluate yield and yield-related traits in the cssls and tc ...201627833097
influence of different rice cultivars on schizotetranychus oryzae development.schizotetranychus oryzae rossi de simons (acari: tetranychidae) is considered one of the most important phytophagous mite in rice cultivation in the americas south, central, and north. this study aimed to examine some biological aspects of s. oryzae developing on leaves of three different cultivars of rice [oryza sativa (l.)-poaceae] produced in the state of rio grande do sul, brasil. the plants were kept in a room at 25 ± 1°c, with natural light (photophase of approximately 14 h) and 70 ± 5% re ...201727832463
knock-down of a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter osnpf7.2 affects rice growth under high nitrate supply.the large nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (npf) has been shown to transport diverse substrates, including nitrate, amino acids, peptides, phytohormones, and glucosinolates. however, the rice (oryza sativa) root-specific family member osnpf7.2 has not been functionally characterized. here, our data show that osnpf7.2 is a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter, that affects rice growth under high nitrate supply. expression analysis showed that osnpf7.2 was mainly ex ...201627826301
nj cluster analysis of the snrk2, pyr/pyl/rcar, and abf genes in tibetan hulless barley.the abscisic acid (aba) signaling pathway is known as one of the most important signaling pathways in plants and is mediated by multiple regulators. the genes snrk2, pyr/pyl/rcar, and abf are relevant to both aba-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. to elucidate the profile of these genes from tibetan hulless barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. nudum hook. f.), we collected available sequences from rna-seq data, together with ncbi data from five other model plant species (arabidopsis thali ...201627819745
changes in gene expression and catalase activity in oryza sativa l. under abiotic stress.different rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes were subjected to high salinity and low temperature (150 mm nacl and 13°c, respectively) for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h. we evaluated the simultaneous expression of the genes oscata, oscatb, and oscatc, correlated gene expression with enzyme activity, and verified the regulation of these genes through identification of cis-elements in the promoter region. the hydrogen peroxide content increased in a tolerant genotype and decreased in a sensitive genotype und ...201627819727
a novel tiller angle gene, tac3, together with tac1 and d2 largely determine the natural variation of tiller angle in rice cultivars.tiller angle is one of the most important components of the ideal plant architecture that can greatly enhance rice grain yield. understanding the genetic basis of tiller angle and mining favorable alleles will be helpful for breeding new plant-type varieties. here, we performed genome-wide association studies (gwas) to identify genes controlling tiller angle using 529 diverse accessions of oryza sativa including 295 indica and 156 japonica accessions in two environments. we identified 7 common q ...201627814357
quantitative trait loci mapping of the stigma exertion rate and spikelet number per panicle in rice (oryza sativa l.).the stigma exertion rate is a polygenic inherited trait that is important for increased seed yield in hybrid rice breeding. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with high stigma exertion rate, we conducted qtl mapping using 134 recombinant inbred lines derived from xieqingzaob and zhonghui9308, which have high and low stigma exertion rates, respectively. a total of eight qtls (qses6, qsse11, qdse1a, qdse1b, qdse10, qdse11, qtse1, and qtse11) for single stigma exertion, double sti ...201627813561
genome-wide identification and characterization of tify family genes in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis) and expression profiling analysis under dehydration and cold stresses.the proteins containing the tify domain belong to a plant-specific family of putative transcription factors and could be divided into four subfamilies: zml, tify, ppd and jaz. they not only function as key regulators of jasmonate hormonal response, but are also involved in responding to abiotic stress. in this study, we identified 24 tify genes (petifys) in moso bamboo (phyllostachys edulis) of poaceae by analyzing the whole genome sequence. one petify belongs to tify subfamily, 18 and five belo ...201627812419
a bioinformatics approach for detecting repetitive nested motifs using pattern matching.the identification of nested motifs in genomic sequences is a complex computational problem. the detection of these patterns is important to allow the discovery of transposable element (te) insertions, incomplete reverse transcripts, deletions, and/or mutations. in this study, a de novo strategy for detecting patterns that represent nested motifs was designed based on exhaustive searches for pairs of motifs and combinatorial pattern analysis. these patterns can be grouped into three categories, ...201627812277
effects of nitrogen on egg-laying inhibition and ovicidal response in planthopper-resistant rice varieties.a series of experiments was set up to examine the effects of nitrogen on rice (oryza sativa l.) resistance against nilaparvata lugens (stål) and sogatella furcifera (horváth). egg laying by n. lugens was reduced on the indica variety ir60. nymph biomass (n. lugens and s. furcifera) was also lower on ir60: this was associated with low honeydew production and a high proportion of xylem-derived honeydew in n. lugens but not in s. furcifera. nitrogen increased egg-laying by s. furcifera and increase ...201627812236
efficient acquisition of iron confers greater tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in rice (oryza sativa l.).to elucidate the mechanisms underlying tolerance to saline-alkaline stress in two rice genotypes, dongdao-4 and jigeng-88, we exposed them to medium supplemented with 10 mm na2co3 and 40 mm nacl (ph 8.5). dongdao-4 plants displayed higher biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rates, and a larger root system than jigeng-88 under saline-alkaline conditions. dongdao-4 had a higher shoot na+/k+ ratio than jigeng-88 under both control and saline-alkaline conditions. dongdao-4 exhibited str ...201627811002
effects of manganese oxide-modified biochar composites on arsenic speciation and accumulation in an indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar.a pot experiment was used to investigate arsenic (as) speciation and accumulation in rice, as well as its concentration in both heavily contaminated and moderately contaminated soils amended with manganese oxide-modified biochar composites (mbc) and biochar alone (bc). in heavily as-contaminated soil, application of bc and mbc improved the weight of above-ground part and rice root, whereas in moderately as-contaminated soil, the application of mbc and low rate bc amendment increased rice root, g ...201727810533
genotype × environment interactions of yield traits in backcross introgression lines derived from oryza sativa cv. swarna/oryza nivara.advanced backcross introgression lines (bils) developed from crosses of oryza sativa var. swarna/o. nivara accessions were grown and evaluated for yield and related traits. trials were conducted for consecutive three seasons in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications. data on yield traits under irrigated conditions were analyzed using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (ammi), genotype and genotype × environment interaction (gge) and mo ...201627807437
heavy-ion beam mutagenesis identified an essential gene for chloroplast development under cold stress conditions during both early growth and tillering stages in rice.we isolated a cold sensitive virescent1 (csv1) mutant from a rice (oryza sativa l.) population mutagenized by carbon ion irradiation. the mutant exhibited chlorotic leaves during the early growth stages, and produced normal green leaves as it grew. the growth of csv1 plants displayed sensitivity to low temperatures. in addition, the mutant plants that were transferred to low temperatures at the fifth leaf stage produced chlorotic leaves subsequently. genetic and molecular analyses revealed trans ...201727804786
growth and productivity response of hybrid rice to application of animal manures, plant residues and phosphorus.the objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of organic sources (animal manures vs. plant residues at the rate of 10 t ha(-1) each) on the productivity of hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) production under different levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg p ha(-1)) fertilization. two separate field experiments were conducted. in experiment (1), impact of three animal manures sources (cattle, sheep, and poultry manures) and p levels were studied along with one control plot (no animal ...201627803701
golgi transport 1b regulates protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum in rice endosperm cells.coat protein complex ii (copii) mediates the first step of anterograde transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to other endomembrane compartments in eukaryotes. a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins (sar1, sec23, sec24, sec13, and sec31) constitutes the basic copii coat machinery; however, the details of how the copii coat assembly is regulated remain unclear. here, we report a protein transport mutant of rice (oryza sativa), named glutelin precursor ac ...201627803308
attenuation of thrombosis by crude rice (oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract: ex vivo platelet aggregation and serum levels of arachidonic acid metabolites.background. vascular occlusion or thrombosis was often attributed to uncontrolled platelet activation. influence of sugarcane policosanol extract on platelet was reported but little was known of rice bran policosanol, particularly its mechanisms of actions on platelet activities. objective. antiplatelet mechanisms of rice bran policosanol extract (rbe) were studied using hyperlipidemic sprague dawley rats. ex vivo platelet aggregation, platelet count (pc), bleeding time (bt), and coagulation tim ...201627800004
plant reactome: a resource for plant pathways and comparative analysis.plant reactome (http://plantreactome.gramene.org/) is a free, open-source, curated plant pathway database portal, provided as part of the gramene project. the database provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualization, analysis and interpretation of pathway knowledge to support genome annotation, genome analysis, modeling, systems biology, basic research and education. plant reactome employs the structural framework of a plant cell to show metabolic, transport, genetic, developmental ...201627799469
do aeration conditions affect arsenic and phosphate accumulation and phosphate transporter expression in rice (oryza sativa l.)?widespread contamination of rice with arsenic (as) has revealed a major exposure pathway to humans. the present study aimed to investigate the effects of oxygen in the rhizosphere on phosphate (p) transporter (for arsenate transportation) expressions, on as and p accumulation and as speciation in four rice genotypes. oxygenation marginally increased root and shoot length. total as concentrations in rice roots were dramatically reduced following aeration compared to stagnant treatments (p < 0.001 ...201827798801
expression variations of mirnas and mrnas in rice (oryza sativa).differences in expression levels are an important source of phenotypic variation within and between populations. micrornas (mirnas) are key players in post-transcriptional gene regulation that are important for plant development and stress responses. we surveyed expression variation of mirnas and mrnas of six accessions from two rice subspecies oryza sativa l. ssp. indica and oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica using deep sequencing. while more than half (53.7%) of the mature mirnas exhibit differenti ...201627797952
a nuclear-localized rice glyoxalase i enzyme, osglyi-8, functions in the detoxification of methylglyoxal in the nucleus.the cellular levels of methylglyoxal (mg), a toxic byproduct of glycolysis, rise under various abiotic stresses in plants. detoxification of mg is primarily through the glyoxalase pathway. the first enzyme of the pathway, glyoxalase i (glyi), is a cytosolic metalloenzyme requiring either ni(2+) or zn(2+) for its activity. plants possess multiple glyi genes, of which only some have been partially characterized; hence, the precise molecular mechanism, subcellular localization and physiological rel ...201727797431
identification and linkage analysis of a new rice bacterial blight resistance gene from xm14, a mutant line from ir24.bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is a chief factor limiting rice productivity worldwide. xm14, a rice mutant line resistant to xoo, has been obtained by treating ir24, which is susceptible to six philippine xoo races and six japanese xoo races, with n-methyl-n-nitrosourea. xm14 showed resistance to six japanese xoo races. the f2 population from xm14 × ir24 clearly showed 1 resistant : 3 susceptible segregation, suggesting control of resistance by a recessive gene. t ...201627795689
association between qtls and morphological traits toward sheath blight resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.).sheath blight is considered the most significant disease of rice and causes enormous yield losses over the world. breeding for resistant varieties is the only viable option to combat the disease efficiently. seventeen diverged rice genotypes along with 17 qtl-linked ssr markers were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. pearson's correlation showed only the flag leaf angle had a significant correlation with sheath blight resistance under greenhouse screening. multivariate analysis based on upgm ...201627795687
pyramiding and evaluation of both a foreign bacillus thuringiensis and a lysine-rich protein gene in the elite indica rice 9311.gene pyramiding is an efficient approach for the genetic improvement of multiple agronomic traits simultaneously. in this study, we pyramided two foreign genes, cry1ac driven by the rice actin i promoter, and lysine-rich protein (lrp), driven by the endosperm-specific glutelin1 (gt1) promoter, into the elite indica cultivar 9311. these two genes were chosen in an attempt to enhance insect-resistance and lysine (lys) content. in the pyramided line, the foreign gene cry1ac was efficiently expresse ...201627795684
a practical, rapid generation-advancement system for rice breeding using simplified biotron breeding system.a new plant breeding method-the biotron breeding system (bbs)-can rapidly produce advanced generations in rice (oryza sativa l.) breeding. this method uses a growth chamber (biotron) with co2 control, accompanied by tiller removal and embryo rescue to decrease the period before seed maturity. however, tiller removal and embryo rescue are laborious and impractical for large populations. we investigated the influences of increased co2, tiller removal, and root restriction on the days to heading (d ...201627795679
a single amino acid mutation of ossbeiib contributes to resistant starch accumulation in rice.foods rich in resistant starch can help prevent various diseases, including diabetes, colon cancers, diarrhea, and chronic renal and hepatic diseases. variations in starch biosynthesis enzymes could contribute to the high content of resistant starch in some cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). our previously published work indicated that the sbe3-rs gene in the rice mutant line, 'jiangtangdao1' was a putative allele of the rice starch branching enzyme gene sbeiib (previously known as sbe3); sbe3 ...201627795673
the draft genome of the c3 panicoid grass species dichanthelium oligosanthes.comparisons between c3 and c4 grasses often utilize c3 species from the subfamilies ehrhartoideae or pooideae and c4 species from the subfamily panicoideae, two clades that diverged over 50 million years ago. the divergence of the c3 panicoid grass dichanthelium oligosanthes from the independent c4 lineages represented by setaria viridis and sorghum bicolor occurred approximately 15 million years ago, which is significantly more recent than members of the bambusoideae, ehrhartoideae, and pooidea ...201627793170
allelic diversity in an nlr gene bph9 enables rice to combat planthopper variation.brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stål, is one of the most devastating insect pests of rice (oryza sativa l.). currently, 30 bph-resistance genes have been genetically defined, most of which are clustered on specific chromosome regions. here, we describe molecular cloning and characterization of a bph-resistance gene, bph9, mapped on the long arm of rice chromosome 12 (12l). bph9 encodes a rare type of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (nlr)-containing protein that localizes t ...201627791169
influence of ethnic traditional cultures on genetic diversity of rice landraces under on-farm conservation in southwest china.crop genetic resources are important components of biodiversity. however, with the large-scale promotion of mono-cropping, genetic diversity has largely been lost. ex-situ conservation approaches were widely used to protect traditional crop varieties worldwide. however, this method fails to maintain the dynamic evolutionary processes of crop genetic resources in their original habitats, leading to genetic diversity reduction and even loss of the capacity of resistance to new diseases and pests. ...201627788685
function of heterotrimeric g-protein γ subunit rgg1 in providing salinity stress tolerance in rice by elevating detoxification of ros.the present study provides evidence of a unique function of rgg1 in providing salinity stress tolerance in transgenic rice without affecting yield. it also provides a good example for signal transduction from the external environment to inside for enhanced agricultural production that withstands the extreme climatic conditions and ensures food security. the role of heterotrimeric g-proteins functioning as signalling molecules has not been studied as extensively in plants as in animals. recently, ...201727785615
fe deficiency induced changes in rice (oryza sativa l.) thylakoids.iron deficiency is an important abiotic stress that limits productivity of crops all over the world. we selected a hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.), lypj, which is super high-yield and widely cultured in china, to investigate changes in the components and structure of thylakoid membranes and photosynthetic performance in response to iron deficiency. our results demonstrated that photosystem i (psi) is the primary target for iron deficiency, while the changes in photosystem ii (psii) are important f ...201727783241
nickel in milled rice (oryza sativa l.) from the three main rice-producing regions in china.nickel (ni) concentrations in milled rice obtained from china and their variations among different provinces and varieties, as well as associated health risks, were investigated. results showed that the mean ni concentration in milled rice was 0.49 ± 0.51 mg/kg, which was much higher than reported in united kingdom, french and iranian cereals. there were significant variations (p < 0.05) of ni concentrations in milled rice among different provinces and among varieties in the same province. accor ...027782776
grain filling characteristics and their relations with endogenous hormones in large- and small-grain mutants of rice.this study determined if the variation in grain filling parameters between two different spikelet types of rice (oryza sativa l.) is regulated by the hormonal levels in the grains. two rice mutants, namely, a large-grain mutant (azu-m) and a small-grain mutant (zf802-m), and their respective wild types (azu-wt and zf802-wt) were grown in the field. the endosperm cell division rate, filling rate, and hormonal levels: zeatin + zeatin riboside (z+zr), indo-3-acetic acid (iaa), polyamines (pas), and ...201627780273
overexpression of the 16-kda α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor rag2 improves grain yield and quality of rice.increasing grain yield and improving grain quality are two important goals for rice breeding. a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain quantity and nutritional quality of rice will lay the foundation for developing new breeding strategies. rag2 is a member of 14-to-16-kda α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors in rice, which belong to the albumin of seed storage proteins. we found that rag2 was specifically expressed in ripening seed and its transcription peak was between ...201727775871
germinated pigmented rice (oryza sativa l. cv. superhongmi) improves glucose and bone metabolisms in ovariectomized rats.the effect of germinated superhongmi, a reddish brown pigmented rice cultivar, on the glucose profile and bone turnover in the postmenopausal-like model of ovariectomized rats was determined. the ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into three dietary groups (n = 10): normal control diet (nc) and normal diet supplemented with non-germinated superhongmi (sh) or germinated superhongmi (gsh) rice powder. after eight weeks, the sh and gsh groups showed significantly lower body we ...201627775654
nucleotide diversity analysis highlights functionally important genomic regions.we analyzed functionality and relative distribution of genetic variants across the complete oryza sativa genome, using the 40 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) dataset from the 3,000 rice genomes project (http://snp-seek.irri.org), the largest and highest density snp collection for any higher plant. we have shown that the dna-binding transcription factors (tfs) are the most conserved group of genes, whereas kinases and membrane-localized transporters are the most variable ones. tfs ...201627774999
identification of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one as the characteristic aroma of sake made from low-glutelin rice.the grassy characteristic aroma perceived in brewed sake made from low-glutelin rice (oryza sativa l. mizuhonoka) was examined by gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. by comparing the odor properties and kovats retention indices to those of standard compounds, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4mmp) was found to contribute to the characteristic aroma. sake brewing using mizuhonoka, low-glutelin rice, and gin-ohmi (a control) revealed that 4mmp concentrations i ...201727773607
characterization and evolutionary analysis of ent-kaurene synthase like genes from the wild rice species oryza rufipogon.cultivated rice (oryza sativa) possesses various labdane-related diterpene synthase genes, homologs of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (cps) and ent-kaurene synthase (ks) that are responsible for the biosynthesis of phytohormone gibberellins. the cps homologs and ks like (ksl) homologs successively converted geranylgeranyl diphosphate to cyclic diterpene hydrocarbons via ent-copalyl diphosphate or syn-copalyl diphosphate in o. sativa. consequently, a variety of labdane-related diterpenoids, inc ...201627771250
northern blotting techniques for small rnas.cells have evolved intricate rna-directed mechanisms that destroy viruses, silence transposons, and regulate gene expression. these nucleic acid surveillance and gene silencing mechanisms rely upon the selective base-pairing of ~19-25 nt small rnas to complementary rna targets. this chapter describes northern blot hybridization techniques for the detection of such small rnas. blots spiked with synthetic standards are used to illustrate the detection specificity and sensitivity of dna oligonucleo ...201727770364
turning rice meiosis into mitosis.introduction of clonal reproduction through seeds (apomixis) in crops has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by allowing self-propagation of any elite variety, in particular f1 hybrids. in the sexual model plant arabidopsis thaliana synthetic clonal reproduction through seeds can be artificially implemented by (i) combining three mutations to turn meiosis into mitosis (mime) and (ii) crossing the obtained clonal gametes with a line expressing modified cenh3 and whose genome is eliminated ...201627767093
genetic diversity and population structure of rice varieties cultivated in temperate regions.after its domestication, rice cultivation expanded from tropical regions towards northern latitudes with temperate climate in a progressive process to overcome limiting photoperiod and temperature conditions. this process has originated a wide range of diversity that can be regarded as a valuable resource for crop improvement. in general, current rice breeding programs have to deal with a lack of both germplasm accessions specifically adapted to local agro-environmental conditions and adapted do ...201627766601
narrow and rolled leaf 2 regulates leaf shape, male fertility, and seed size in rice.grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.) is closely related to leaf and flower development. coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question should be addressed. here we identified two allelic rice mutants with narrow and semi-rolled leaves, named narrow and rolled leaf 2-1 (nrl2-1) and nrl2-2. map-based molecular cloning revealed that nrl2 encodes a novel protein with unknown biochemical function. the mutation of nrl2 caused p ...201627762074
integrated analysis of rice transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to elevated night temperatures identifies sensitivity- and tolerance-related profiles.transcript and metabolite profiling were performed on leaves from six rice cultivars under high night temperature (hnt) condition. six genes were identified as central for hnt response encoding proteins involved in transcription regulation, signal transduction, protein-protein interactions, jasmonate response and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. sensitive cultivars showed specific changes in transcript abundance including abiotic stress responses, changes of cell wall-related genes, of ...201727761892
osptac2 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein and regulates rice chloroplast development.functional chloroplast generation depends on the precise coordination of gene expression between the plastid and the nucleus and is essential for plant growth and development. in this study, a rice (oryza sativa) mutant that exhibited albino and seedling-lethal phenotypes was isolated from a60co-irradiated rice population. the mutant gene was identified as an ortholog of the arabidopsis plastid transcriptionally active chromosome protein 2 (ptac2) gene, and the mutant strain was designated ospta ...201627760723
short-chain chlorinated paraffins in soil, paddy seeds (oryza sativa) and snails (ampullariidae) in an e-waste dismantling area in china: homologue group pattern, spatial distribution and risk assessment.short-chain chlorinated paraffins (sccps) in multi-environmental matrices are studied in taizhou, zhejiang province, china, which is a notorious e-waste dismantling area. the investigated matrices consist of paddy field soil, paddy seeds (oryza sativa, separated into hulls and rice unpolished) and apple snails (ampullariidae, inhabiting the paddy fields). the sampling area covered a 65-km radius around the contamination center. c10 and c11 are the two predominant homologue groups in the area, ac ...201727751635
discovery of rice essential genes by characterizing a crispr-edited mutation of closely related rice map kinase genes.the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr-associated protein 9 nuclease (cas9) system depends on a guide rna (grna) to specify its target. by efficiently co-expressing multiple grnas that target different genomic sites, the polycistronic trna-grna gene (ptg) strategy enables multiplex gene editing in the family of closely related mitogen-activated protein kinase (mpk) genes in oryza sativa (rice). in this study, we identified mpk1 and mpk6 (arabidopsis atmpk6 a ...201727747971
photo-modulation of programmed cell death in rice leaves triggered by salinity.in this paper we provide evidence for involvement of chloroplast as alternate organelle for initiating pcd in plants under light and abiotic stress. in animals, mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ros) and key executioner of programmed cell death (pcd). in plants, however, the primary site of generation of ros is chloroplast and yet its involvement in pcd has not been worked out in details. we found by evans blue staining that salt (150 mm nacl)-treated protoplasts obta ...201727747443
nitrogen fertilizer management for enhancing crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in a rice-oilseed rape rotation system in china.the use of efficient rates of nitrogen (n) fertilizer application is important with regard to increasing crop productivity and maintaining environmental sustainability. rice-oilseed rape rotations are a mainstay of the economy and food security of china. therefore, a field experiment was carried out during 2011-2013 in honghu to identify the most appropriate n application rates for enhancing crop productivity and n use efficiency for rice (oryza sativa l.)-oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) rotati ...201627746809
elucidation of complex nature of peg induced drought-stress response in rice root using comparative proteomics approach.along with many adaptive strategies, dynamic changes in protein abundance seem to be the common strategy to cope up with abiotic stresses which can be best explored through proteomics. understanding of drought response is the key to decipher regulatory mechanism of better adaptation. rice (oryza sativa l.) proteome represents a phenomenal source of proteins that govern traits of agronomic importance, such as drought tolerance. in this study, a comparison of root cytoplasmic proteome was done for ...201627746797
assessing the bioremediation potential of arsenic tolerant bacterial strains in rice rhizosphere interface.the arsenic tolerant bacterial strains staphylococcus arlettae (nbrieag-6), staphylococcus sp. (nbrieag-8) and brevibacillus sp. (nbrieag-9) were tested for their roles in enhancing plant growth and induction of stress-related enzymes in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ndr-359) plants at two different concentrations, 30 and 15mg/kg of as(v) and as(iii), respectively. an experiment was conducted to test the effect of these strains on plant growth promotion and arsenic uptake. we found 30%-40% reduction ...201627745656
retrotransposon-mediated aluminum tolerance through enhanced expression of the citrate transporter osfrdl4.high aluminum (al) tolerance of rice (oryza sativa) is controlled by multiple tolerance genes, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying the differential expression of these genes are poorly understood. here, we investigated the factors regulating the expression of osfrdl4, a gene encoding a citrate efflux transporter involved in al-induced citrate secretion from the roots. analysis with chromosome segment substitution lines derived from cv nipponbare (high osfrdl4 expression) and cv kasalath (lo ...201627744299
silicon improves rice grain yield and photosynthesis specifically when supplied during the reproductive growth stage.silicon (si) has been recognized as a beneficial element to improve rice (oryza sativa l.) grain yield. despite some evidence suggesting that this positive effect is observed when si is supplied along the reproductive growth stage (from panicle initiation to heading), it remains unclear whether its supplementation during distinct growth phases can differentially impact physiological aspects of rice and its yield and the underlying mechanisms. here, we investigated the effects of additions/remova ...201627744227
global analysis of truncated rna ends reveals new insights into ribosome stalling in plants.high-throughput approaches for profiling the 5' ends of rna degradation intermediates on a genome-wide scale are frequently applied to analyze and validate cleavage sites guided by micrornas (mirnas). however, the complexity of the rna degradome other than mirna targets is currently largely uncharacterized, and this limits the application of rna degradome studies. we conducted a global analysis of 5'-truncated mrna ends that mapped to coding sequences (cdss) of arabidopsis thaliana, rice (oryza ...201627742800
an ethnobotanical study of traditional rice landraces (oryza sativa l.) used for medical treatment in selected local communities of the philippines.rice (oryza sativa l.) remains as one the most important staple food of the philippines with an overabundance of varieties and gastronomic use. despite this, no published comprehensive ethnobotanical information exists for the exclusive subject on philippine traditional rice varieties and their ethnomedicinal value.201627742407
association of increased grain iron and zinc concentrations with agro-morphological traits of biofortified rice.biofortification of rice (oryza sativa l.) with micronutrients is widely recognized as a sustainable strategy to alleviate human iron (fe) and zinc (zn) deficiencies in developing countries where rice is the staple food. constitutive overexpression of the rice nicotianamine synthase (osnas) genes has been successfully implemented to increase fe and zn concentrations in unpolished and polished rice grain. intensive research is now needed to couple this high-micronutrient trait with high grain yie ...201627733860
molecular and bioinformatic characterization of the rice root uv-b sensitive gene family.root uv-b sensitive (rus) genes exist in most eukaryotic organisms, and encode proteins that contain a duf647 (domain of unknown function 647). although the rus genes are known to play essential roles in arabidopsis seedling development, their precise functions are not well understood in other plants, including rice.201627730518
manganese-induced salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings: regulation of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.hydroponically grown 12-day-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv. brri dhan47) seedlings were exposed to 150 mm nacl alone and combined with 0.5 mm mnso4. salt stress resulted in disruption of ion homeostasis by na+ influx and k+ efflux. higher accumulation of na+ and water imbalance under salinity caused osmotic stress, chlorosis, and growth inhibition. salt-induced ionic toxicity and osmotic stress consequently resulted in oxidative stress by disrupting the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems t ...201627729716
carotenogenesis is regulated by 5'utr-mediated translation of phytoene synthase splice variants.phytoene synthase (psy) catalyzes the highly regulated, frequently rate-limiting synthesis of the first biosynthetically formed carotene. while psy constitutes a small gene family in most plant taxa, the brassicaceae, including arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), predominantly possess a single psy gene. this monogenic situation is compensated by the differential expression of two alternative splice variants (asv), which differ in length and in the exon/intron retention of their 5'utrs. asv1 cont ...201627729470
little white lies: pericarp color provides insights into the origins and evolution of southeast asian weedy rice.weedy rice is a conspecific form of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) that infests rice fields and results in severe crop losses. weed strains in different world regions appear to have originated multiple times from different domesticated and/or wild rice progenitors. in the case of malaysian weedy rice, a multiple-origin model has been proposed based on neutral markers and analyses of domestication genes for hull color and seed shattering. here, we examined variation in pericarp (bran) color an ...201627729434
effect of methyl salicylate (mesa), an elicitor on growth, physiology and pathology of resistant and susceptible rice varieties.methyl salicylate (mesa) is a volatile organic compound synthesized from salicylic acid (sa) a plant hormone that helps to fight against plant disease. seed treatment with mesa, is an encouraging method to the seed industry to produce more growth and yield. the aim of our study is to find out the growth, development and disease tolerance of rice seed treated with different concentrations of mesa. also the seed treatments were studied to determine whether they directly influenced seedling emergen ...201627725719
genome wide association study (gwas) for grain yield in rice cultivated under water deficit.the identification of rice drought tolerant materials is crucial for the development of best performing cultivars for the upland cultivation system. this study aimed to identify markers and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance by genome wide association study analysis, in order to develop tools for use in rice breeding programs. this analysis was made with 175 upland rice accessions (oryza sativa), evaluated in experiments with and without water restriction, and 150,325 snps. thirte ...201627722804
corrigendum: transcriptomic comparison between brassica oleracea and rice (oryza sativa) reveals diverse modulations on cell death in response to sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 201627721501
rsl class i genes positively regulate root hair development in oryza sativa.root hairs are filamentous protuberances from superficial cells of plant roots that are critical for nutrient uptake. genes encoding root hair defective-six like (rsl) class i basic helix-loop-helix proteins are expressed in future root hair cells (trichoblasts) of the arabidopsis thaliana root where they positively regulate root hair cell development. we characterized the function of class i genes in oryza sativa root development. we show that there are three rsl class i genes in o. sativa and ...201727716929
emergence of wheat blast in bangladesh was caused by a south american lineage of magnaporthe oryzae.in february 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in bangladesh. the epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from bangladeshi fields.201627716181
histone modifications facilitate the coexpression of bidirectional promoters in rice.bidirectional gene pairs are highly abundant and mostly co-regulated in eukaryotic genomes. the structural features of bidirectional promoters (bdps) have been well studied in yeast, humans and plants. however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the coexpression of bdps remain understudied, especially in plants.201627716056
identification and expression analysis of oslpr family revealed the potential roles of oslpr3 and 5 in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in rice.phosphorus (p), an essential macronutrient, is often limiting in soils and affects plant growth and development. in arabidopsis thaliana, low phosphate root1 (lpr1) and its close paralog lpr2 encode multicopper oxidases (mcos). they regulate meristem responses of root system to phosphate (pi) deficiency. however, the roles of lpr gene family in rice (oryza sativa) in maintaining pi homeostasis have not been elucidated as yet.201627716044
crystal structure of os79 (os04g0206600) from oryza sativa: a udp-glucosyltransferase involved in the detoxification of deoxynivalenol.fusarium head blight is a plant disease with significant agricultural and health impact which affects cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and maize and is characterized by reduced grain yield and the accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don). studies have identified trichothecene production as a virulence factor in fusarium graminearum and have linked don resistance to the ability to form don-3-o-glucoside in wheat. here, the structures of a deoxynivalenol:udp-glucosy ...201627715009
novel interaction between ccr4 and caf1 in rice ccr4-not deadenylase complex.rice is an important crop in the world. however, little is known about rice mrna deadenylation, which is an important regulation step of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. the ccr4-not1 complex contains two key components, ccr4 and caf1, which are the main cytoplasmic deadenylases in eukaryotic cells. in yeast and humans, ccr4 can interact with caf1 via its n-terminal lrr domain. however, no ccr4 protein containing n-terminal lrr motifs have been found in plants. in this manuscri ...201727714489
heat-induced phytohormone changes are associated with disrupted early reproductive development and reduced yield in rice.heat stress causes morphological and physiological changes and reduces crop yield in rice (oryza sativa). to investigate changes in phytohormones and their relationships with yield and other attributes under heat stress, four rice varieties (nagina22, huanghuazhan, liangyoupeijiu, and shanyou 63) were grown in pots and subjected to three high temperature treatments plus control in temperature-controlled greenhouses for 15 d during the early reproductive phase. yield reductions in nagina22, huang ...201627713528
proteomic analysis reveals different involvement of embryo and endosperm proteins during aging of yliangyou 2 hybrid rice seeds.seed aging is a process that results in a delayed germination, a decreased germination percentage, and finally a total loss of seed viability. however, the mechanism of seed aging is poorly understood. in the present study, yliangyou 2 hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds were artificially aged at 100% relative humidity and 40°c, and the effect of artificial aging on germination, germination time course and the change in protein profiles of embryo and endosperm was studied to understand the molec ...201627708655
robust phenotyping strategies for evaluation of stem non-structural carbohydrates (nsc) in rice.rice plants (oryza sativa) accumulate excess photoassimilates in the form of non-structural carbohydrates (nscs) in their stems prior to heading that can later be mobilized to supplement photosynthate production during grain-filling. despite longstanding interest in stem nsc for rice improvement, the dynamics of nsc accumulation, remobilization, and re-accumulation that have genetic potential for optimization have not been systematically investigated. here we conducted three pilot experiments to ...201627707775
characterization and gene cloning of the rice (oryza sativa l.) dwarf and narrow-leaf mutant dnl3.the dwarf and narrow-leaf rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant dnl3 was isolated from the japonica cultivar zhonghua 11 (wild-type). dnl3 exhibited pleiotropic developmental defects. the narrow-leaf phenotype resulted from a marked reduction in the number of vascular bundles, while the dwarf stature was caused by the formation of foreshortened internodes and a reduced number of parenchyma cells. the suggestion that cell division is impaired in the mutant was consistent with the transcriptional behavior ...201627706742
heterogeneous evolution of ty3-gypsy retroelements among bamboo species.ty3-gypsy long-terminal repeat retroelements are ubiquitously found in many plant genomes. this study reports the occurrence of heterogeneous ty3-gypsy retroelements in four representative bamboo species: phyllostachys heterocycla (carr.) mitford cv. pubescens, p. heterocycla (carr.) mitford cv. heterocycla, dendrocalamopsis oldhami, and pleioblastus fortunei. using degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the conserved domains of reverse transcriptase (rt) genes of ty3-gypsy retroele ...201627706589
molecular breeding of rice restorer lines and hybrids for brown planthopper (bph) resistance using the bph14 and bph15 genes.the development of hybrid rice is a practical approach for increasing rice production. however, the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stål, causes severe yield loss of rice (oryza sativa l.) and can threaten food security. therefore, breeding hybrid rice resistant to bph is the most effective and economical strategy to maintain high and stable production. fortunately, numerous bph resistance genes have been identified, and abundant linkage markers are available for molecular marker-ass ...201627704482
the rice eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e (oseif3e) influences organ size and pollen maturation.eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eif3) is a large protein complex that participates in most translation initiation processes. while eif3 has been well characterized, less is known about the roles of individual eif3 subunits, particularly in plants. here, we identified and characterized oseif3e in rice (oryza sativa l.). oseif3e was constitutively expressed in various tissues, but most strongly in vigorously growing organs. transgenic oseif3e-silenced rice plants showed inhibited growt ...201627703462
a rhamnose-deficient lipopolysaccharide mutant of rhizobium sp. irbg74 is defective in root colonization and beneficial interactions with its flooding-tolerant hosts sesbania cannabina and wetland rice.rhizobium sp. irbg74 develops a classical nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with the aquatic legume sesbania cannabina (retz.). it also promotes the growth of wetland rice (oryza sativa l.), but little is known about the rhizobial determinants important for these interactions. in this study, we analyzed the colonization of s. cannabina and rice using a strain of rhizobium sp. irbg74 dually marked with β-glucuronidase and the green fluorescent protein. this bacterium colonized s. cannabina by crack entry ...201627702995
oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 function as arsenate reductases and regulate arsenic accumulation.rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metalloid arsenic (as). reducing its accumulation in rice (oryza sativa) grain is of critical importance to food safety. rice roots take up arsenate and arsenite depending on the prevailing soil conditions. the first step of arsenate detoxification is its reduction to arsenite, but the enzyme(s) catalyzing this reaction in rice remains unknown. here, we identify oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 as arsenate reductases in rice. oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 are able to com ...201627702843
isolation and functional characterization of cslsi1, a silicon transporter gene in cucumis sativus.cucumber (cucumis sativus) is a widely grown cucurbitaceous vegetable that exhibits a relatively high capacity for silicon (si) accumulation, but the molecular mechanism for silicon uptake remains to be clarified. here we isolated and characterized cslsi1, a gene encoding a silicon transporter in cucumber (cv. mch-4). cslsi1 shares 55.70 and 90.63% homology with the lsi1s of a monocot and dicot, rice (oryza sativa) and pumpkin (cucurbita moschata), respectively. cslsi1 was predominantly expresse ...201727701737
a flow cytometric method for estimating s-phase duration in plants.the duration of the dna synthesis stage (s phase) of the cell cycle is fundamental in our understanding of cell cycle kinetics, cell proliferation, and dna replication timing programs. most s-phase duration estimates that exist for plants are based on indirect measurements. we present a method for directly estimating s-phase duration by pulse-labeling root tips or actively dividing suspension cells with the halogenated thymidine analog 5-ethynl-2'-deoxyuridine (edu) and analyzing the time course ...201627697785
molecular dissection of seedling salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) using a high-density gbs-based snp linkage map.salinity is one of the many abiotic stresses limiting rice production worldwide. several studies were conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for traits associated to salinity tolerance. however, due to large confidence interval for the position of qtls, utility of reported qtls and the associated markers has been limited in rice breeding programs. the main objective of this study is to construct a high-density rice genetic map for identification qtls and candidate genes for salinit ...201627696287
genetic control of flowering time in rice: integration of mendelian genetics and genomics.integration of previous mendelian genetic analyses and recent molecular genomics approaches, such as linkage mapping and qtl cloning, dramatically strengthened our current understanding of genetic control of rice flowering time. flowering time is one of the most important agronomic traits for seed production in rice (oryza sativa l.). it is controlled mainly by genes associated with photoperiod sensitivity, particularly in short-day plants such as rice. since the early twentieth century, rice br ...201627695876
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