Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [potential applications of molecular biology to leprosy research]. | 1999 | 19785196 | |
| [the study of the genome of mycobacterium leprae]. | 1999 | 19785195 | |
| [early diagnosis of leprosy]. | 1999 | 19785194 | |
| use of anti-pgl-1 antibodies to monitor therapy regimes in leprosy patients. | the suitability of igm antibodies to pgl-1 for monitoring the response to multidrug therapy (mdt) was sequentially tested by elisa in 105 leprosy patients, and bacterial indexes (bi) were also determined. patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1, 34 multibacillary (mb) patients treated for 12 months with mdt-mb; group 2, 33 mb patients treated for 24 months with mdt-mb, and group 3, 38 paucibacillary (pb) patients treated for 6 months with mdt-pb. untreated mb patients exhibited higher antib ... | 2009 | 19784481 |
| rapid killing of m. leprae by moxifloxacin in two patients with lepromatous leprosy. | previously we reported a 2-month clinical trial of moxifloxacin therapy in eight patients with mb leprosy (7 ll and 1 bl), finding both rapid killing of m. leprae and clinical improvement, without serious side effects or toxicities. here we report the outcomes in two patients treated with moxifloxacin. | 2009 | 19743625 |
| pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis as a tool for mycobacterium species identification in lepromas for lepromin production. | the aim of the present work was to standardise a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pra) as a tool to detect the mycobacteriologic composition of lepromas from leprosy patients used in the production of lepromin to improve the quality of the mitsuda test. | 2009 | 19743617 |
| the contemporary relevance of the mouse foot pad model for cultivating m. leprae. | 2009 | 19743615 | |
| protein phosphorylation pattern in the immune cells of leprosy affected individuals. | leprosy is an infectious disease in which the susceptibility to the pathogen mycobacterium leprae and the clinical manifestations are attributed to host immune cell response. receptor mediated events and signalling in the immune cells are mediated by protein phosphorylation. the main signalling pathways and protein kinases known to be involved in the regulation of immune cells are camp dependent kinases, calcium/calmodulin dependent kinases, protein kinase c and mitogen activated protein kinases ... | 2008 | 19738337 |
| mycobacterium leprae induces insulin-like growth factor and promotes survival of schwann cells upon serum withdrawal. | peripheral nerve lesions are considered the most relevant symptoms of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. the strategies employed by m. leprae to infect and multiply inside schwann cells (scs), however, remain poorly understood. in this study, it is shown that treatment of scs with m. leprae significantly decreased cell death induced by serum deprivation. not displayed by mycobacterium smegmatis or mycobacterium bovis bcg, the m. leprae survival effect was both ... | 2010 | 19732058 |
| [genotyping colombian mycobacterium leprae for determining disease transmission patterns]. | assessing vntr (variable-number tandem repeat) variability of mycobacterium leprae from colombian patients with and without prior treatment to identify potential sources of infection and to understand the patterns of disease transmission. | 2009 | 19721975 |
| implications of high level pseudogene transcription in mycobacterium leprae. | the mycobacterium leprae genome has less than 50% coding capacity and 1,133 pseudogenes. preliminary evidence suggests that some pseudogenes are expressed. therefore, defining pseudogene transcriptional and translational potentials of this genome should increase our understanding of their impact on m. leprae physiology. | 2009 | 19706172 |
| induction of lepromin reactivity in cured lepromatous leprosy patients: impaired chemokine response dissociates protective immunity from delayed type hypersensitivity. | delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) and protective immunity are thought to be tightly linked. remarkable similarity exists between their cellular and immune mechanisms. however, their dissociation is also well known. here we investigate the immunological mechanisms relevant for their dissociation in a group of non-relapsing cured lepromatous leprosy (cll) patients. in these patients, using lepromin reaction as a model system of dth we report critical role of tissue chemokine response in synchron ... | 2009 | 19703581 |
| pathogenomics of mycobacteria. | among the 130 species that constitute the genus mycobacterium, the great majority are harmless saprophytes. however, a few species have very efficiently adapted to a pathogenic lifestyle. among them are two of the most important human pathogens, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, and one emerging pathogen, mycobacterium ulcerans. their slow growth, virulence for humans and particular physiology make these organisms very difficult to work with, however the need to develop new st ... | 2009 | 19696503 |
| inhibition of the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae by vaccination with a recombinant m. bovis bcg strain that secretes major membrane protein ii in mice. | the ability of a recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg strain that secretes major membrane protein ii (mmp-ii) of mycobacterium leprae (bcg-sm) to confer protection against leprosy was evaluated by use of a mouse footpad model. c57bl/6j mice intradermally inoculated with bcg-sm produced splenic t cells which secreted significant amounts of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in response to either the recombinant mmp-ii, the m. leprae-derived membrane fraction, or the bcg-derived cytosolic fraction in vit ... | 2009 | 19675226 |
| novel immunoadjuvants based on cationic lipid: preparation, characterization and activity in vivo. | the interactions between three different protein antigens and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (dodab) dispersed in aqueous solutions from probe sonication or adsorbed as one bilayer onto particles was comparatively investigated. the three model proteins were bovine serum albumin (bsa), purified 18 kda/14 kda antigens from taenia crassiceps (18/14-tcra) and a recombinant, heat-shock protein hsp-18 kda from mycobacterium leprae. protein-dodab complexes in water solution were characterized by d ... | 2009 | 19664738 |
| helping a man with leprosy: a case study. | this case study illustrates nursing diagnoses and interventions for a man with leprosy. | 2009 | 19659844 |
| leprosy in a renal transplant recipient: review of the literature. | a 52-year-old male underwent living-related renal transplantation. he received prednisolone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine as immunosuppression protocol. eleven years after transplantation, he developed pyrexia with multiple nodular lesions on his limbs, trunk, and face. skin biopsy and smears showed the presence of numerous acid-fast bacilli with 5% sulfuric acid indicative of mycobacterium leprae. he was initiated on multidrug therapy (mdt) including dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin. afte ... | 2009 | 19656347 |
| pharmacokinetic of ala and h-ala induced porphyrins in the models mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis. | photodynamic inactivation (pdi) of bacterial strains presents an attractive potential alternative to antibiotic therapies. success is dependent on the effective accumulation in bacterial cells of photochemical substances called photosensitizers, which are usually porphyrins. it is also important to know the distribution of the photosensitizer in bacteria at the microscopic level. the present results examine the accumulation of photosensitizers by mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis, ... | 2009 | 19648025 |
| comparative sequence analysis of mycobacterium leprae and the new leprosy-causing mycobacterium lepromatosis. | mycobacterium lepromatosis is a newly discovered leprosy-causing organism. preliminary phylogenetic analysis of its 16s rrna gene and a few other gene segments revealed significant divergence from mycobacterium leprae, a well-known cause of leprosy, that justifies the status of m. lepromatosis as a new species. in this study we analyzed the sequences of 20 genes and pseudogenes (22,814 nucleotides). overall, the level of matching of these sequences with m. leprae sequences was 90.9%, which subst ... | 2009 | 19633074 |
| mycolyltransferase from mycobacterium leprae excludes mycolate-containing glycolipid substrates. | trehalose dimycolate (tdm) is a major surface-exposed mycolyl glycolipid that contributes to the hydrophobic cell wall architecture of mycobacteria. nevertheless, because of its potent adjuvant functions, pathogenic mycobacteria appear to have evolved an evasive maneuver to down-regulate tdm expression within the host. we have shown previously that mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) and mycobacterium avium (m.av), replace tdm with glucose monomycolate (gmm) by borrowing host-derived glucose as an ... | 2009 | 19628675 |
| evaluation of the expression of interleukin 1 beta (il-1beta) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) in leprosy patients. | leprosy is an infectious and contagious spectral disease accompanied by a series of immunological events triggered by the host's response to the etiologic agent, mycobacterium leprae. evidence suggests that the induction and maintenance of the immune/inflammatory response in leprosy are linked to multiple cell interactions and soluble factors, mainly through the action of cytokines. the elisa test was used to measure the levels of il-1beta and il-1ra in 37 new leprosy patients followed-up during ... | 2008 | 19618085 |
| analysis of chemokine receptors on the surface of circulating leukocytes of individuals infected with mycobacterium leprae: preliminary results. | in this study, the expression of chemokine receptors on the surface of circulating leukocytes was determined using flow cytometry. an increase in the percentage of ccr2+cd4+ lymphocytes was observed in the peripheral blood of leprosy patients. this preliminary data suggests that alterations occur in the chemokine receptor profile of these patients. | 2008 | 19618084 |
| challenges in the post genomic era for the development of tests for leprosy diagnosis. | leprosy diagnosis is based mainly on clinical manifestations and no laboratory test is available to diagnose asymptomatic disease or to predict disease progression among exposed individuals. novel comparative genomic in silico analyses and molecular biology tools have discovered unique mycobacterium leprae proteins with potential diagnostic application. tuberculoid paucibacillary leprosy (pb) shows low antibodies titers and strong th1 type/ ifn-gamma specific cell mediated immunity (cmi), while ... | 2008 | 19618083 |
| the relation between seroprevalence of antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-i among school children and leprosy endemicity in brazil. | leprosy control programs would benefit expressively from an easy method to estimate disease prevalence and to assess the effect of leprosy control measures on disease prevalence. determination of the seroprevalence of antibodies to pgl-i through school children surveys might be a useful indicator of leprosy prevalence at the district level. to investigate whether seropositivity rates could be related to leprosy detection rates and whether seropositivity could be used as a proximal indicator to p ... | 2008 | 19618082 |
| the use of ml flow test in school children diagnosed with leprosy in the district of paracatu, minas gerais. | the detection rate of leprosy in the district of paracatu is high in the age group under 15 years-old, including about 6.8/10,000 inhabitants in 2003, and classified as hyperendemic. the study aimed to analyze the application of the pgl-1 (ml flow) serological test in 56 of 68 school-age patients of the public school system, diagnosed with leprosy through active case finding in paracatu, minas gerais state (2004 to 2006), with 71% classified as paucibacillary. of these, 85.2% lived in urban area ... | 2008 | 19618081 |
| research regarding anti-pgl-i antibodies by elisa in wild armadillos from brazil. | armadillos have been involved in leprosy transmission and are considered a source of mycobacterium leprae in numerous reports. clinicians from certain areas of the usa consider contact with armadillos a risk factor for leprosy. however, there is a challenge associated with the role of wild armadillos perpetuating human leprosy in the american continent. the presence of anti-pgl-i antibodies was investigated in wild nine-banded armadillos from leprosy-endemic areas in state of espirito santo, bra ... | 2008 | 19618080 |
| association between leprosy reactions after treatment and bacterial load evaluated using anti pgl-i serology and bacilloscopy. | leprosy (hansen's disease, hd) reactions are immune-inflammatory phenomena that occur during the evolution of the disease. given the current criteria for treatment of the disease, this event is often observed after the patient has been released from treatment (rft) from multi-drug therapy (mdt). a case-control study was conducted comparing laboratory results of cases of leprosy reactions after rft from multibacillary mdt (mdt/mb) with a control group to analyze the possible association between p ... | 2008 | 19618079 |
| seroprevalence of ml flow test in leprosy contacts from state of minas gerais, brazil. | leprosy is a public health problem in brazil. epidemiological control actions are based on the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy patients and household contact surveillance. serological tests for leprosy could identify from among the contacts those at greater risk of developing leprosy in the future. ml flow was administered to 2,840 household contacts of new leprosy cases diagnosed from october 2002 to march 2004, in state of minas gerais. ml flow was positive in 20.5% of leprosy contacts, wit ... | 2008 | 19618077 |
| evaluation of the agreement between clinical and laboratorial exams in the diagnosis of leprosy. | this study examined the correlation between the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of leprosy, using biopsy results from laboratories 'a' and 'b' and the ml flow test. clinical and histopathological diagnoses presented 67.6% agreement. the laboratories showed 73.7% agreement in the bacterial index and laboratory 'b' detected 25.4% more positives. the highest agreement was in the ll form and lowest, in the i form. the highest diagnostic discrepancy was for the bb form. clinical diagnosis agreement ... | 2008 | 19618076 |
| leprosy serology (ml flow test) in borderline leprosy patients classified as paucibacillary by counting cutaneous lesions: an useful tool. | leprosy remains an endemic disease in brazil, with almost 40,000 new cases diagnosed each year. as it is difficult to perform laboratory procedures in the field, operational classification is determined by counting lesions, which can cause underdiagnosis of multibacillary cases and failures in treatment. to evaluate a new tool to diagnose mb cases, the ml flow test, 21/77 (27.3%) patients with untreated borderline leprosy (6 bl and 15 bt) with 1 to 5 cutaneous lesions were evaluated according to ... | 2008 | 19618075 |
| risk factors for ml flow seropositivity in leprosy patients. | the early diagnosis of leprosy, its correct classification and the risk factors related to seropositivity have become important for patient treatment and disease control, especially where the responsibility for treatment has been transferred to basic health care centers. this descriptive, exploratory study using logistic regression was undertaken to evaluate the association between the variables of sex, age, mode of detection, number of skin lesions and affected nerves, disability grade and baci ... | 2008 | 19618074 |
| the influence of ml flow test in leprosy classification. | this is a descriptive, exploratory study correlating ml flow, bacilloscopy and classification of paucibacillary (pb) and multibacillary (mb), involving 1,041 new leprosy cases in 13 municipalities of minas gerais state, from october 2002 to march 2004. agreement between ml flow and the classification of the number of skin lesions and bacilloscopy was moderate (k:0.51 and k:0.48, respectively); and substantial for final classification (k:0.77). from january 2000 to march 2004, the proportion of n ... | 2008 | 19618073 |
| the use of serology as an additional tool to support diagnosis of difficult multibacillary leprosy cases: lessons from clinical care. | seven multibacillary leprosy and two suspected cases assisted in different situations during clinical care activities at the university in rio de janeiro city are described. all cases presented some difficulties for diagnosis, since they evolved with few or no cardinal signs or symptoms of leprosy. a serological test used as an auxiliary tool was helpful in the diagnosis or exclusion procedure of each case, facilitating academic discussions at the time of case examination. considering serology a ... | 2008 | 19618072 |
| association of the ml flow serologic test to slit skin smear. | a descriptive, exploratory study was conducted analyzing the association of covariables in the results of the ml flow serological test and slit skin smear. a total of 60 leprosy cases diagnosed at the state sanitary dermatology referral center were investigated. slit skin smear samples were collected from four sites and the results were expressed by the bacillary index. ml flow was registered in both qualitative and semi-quantitative terms. cohen's kappa coefficient was used to study the agreeme ... | 2008 | 19618071 |
| the result patterns of ml flow and elisa (pgl-i) serologic tests in leprosy-endemic and non-endemic areas. | ml flow and anti-pgl-i elisa are serological tests that detect igm antibodies against the phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i), specific to mycobacterium leprae. to evaluate the outcomes of ml flow and elisa (pgl-i) serological tests in leprosy-endemic areas in comparison to non-endemic ones, a total of 351 volunteers from brazil and chile were examined, including leprosy patients, healthy controls and others affected by other infectious or non-infectious diseases that are common differential diagnoses ... | 2008 | 19618070 |
| leprosy serology using pgl-i: a systematic review. | serology using a species-specific antigen for mycobacterium leprae, pgl-i, could be a marker for the bacterial load of patients with leprosy. various studies have identified the potential use of serology in the classification of patients for treatment purposes, case monitoring, identification of the risk of relapse and selection of household contacts with a higher risk of contracting the disease. a systematic review of the literature was conducted and 26 articles were included in this comparativ ... | 2008 | 19618069 |
| pgl-i leprosy serology. | 2008 | 19618067 | |
| characterization of mycobacterium leprae reca intein, a laglidadg homing endonuclease, reveals a unique mode of dna binding, helical distortion, and cleavage compared with a canonical laglidadg homing endonuclease. | mycobacterium leprae, which has undergone reductive evolution leaving behind a minimal set of essential genes, has retained intervening sequences in four of its genes implicating a vital role for them in the survival of the leprosy bacillus. a single in-frame intervening sequence has been found embedded within its reca gene. comparison of the m. leprae reca intervening sequence with the known intervening sequences indicated that it has the consensus amino acid sequence necessary for being a lagl ... | 2009 | 19605345 |
| the diarylquinoline r207910 is bactericidal against mycobacterium leprae in mice at low dose and administered intermittently. | the diarylquinoline r207910 is profoundly bactericidal in a murine model of tuberculosis. previously, r207910 was also found to be bactericidal for mycobacterium leprae-infected mice during lag phase. herein we evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of r207910 (1 to 120 mg/kg of body weight) when administered five times weekly, once weekly, and once monthly during logarithmic multiplication of m. leprae organisms. all treatments were found to be bactericidal, suggesting that both low and intermitten ... | 2009 | 19596891 |
| cd1a and factor xiiia immunohistochemistry in leprosy: a possible role of dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium leprae infection. | leprosy is a curable chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by the bacillus mycobacterium leprae. this organism has a high affinity for skin and peripheral nerve cells. in the evolution of infections, the immune status of patients determines the disease expression. dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that phagocytose particles and microorganisms. in skin, dendritic cells are represented by epidermal langerhans cells and dermal dendrocytes, which can be identified by expression ... | 2009 | 19590423 |
| leprosy: a diagnostic trap for dermatopathologists in nonendemic area. | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, presenting with different clinicopathological forms. these great variety of presentations make the diagnosis of leprosy a difficult challenge in countries where the disease is not endemic. moreover, a discordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis in classifying a case of leprosy can complicate the issue. we report a 43-year-old woman in whom the diagnosis of leprosy was challenging, especially, because the ... | 2009 | 19590409 |
| the diagnostic challenge of hansen's disease. | hansen's disease (hd), formerly referred to as leprosy, actively infects more than 250,000 persons worldwide, with over 2 million currently being treated for sequelae. over 150 cases are annually reported in the u.s. although transmission of hansen's disease to military personnel is rare, physicians caring for those who deploy abroad should be aware of the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic aspects of the disease, as well as its implication for continued military service. additionally, with u ... | 2009 | 19585783 |
| mri imaging of ulnar leprosy abscess. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection, caused by mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the peripheral nerve trunks and cutaneous nerves. it classically presents with neural or dermal signs and symptoms. the indolent course of leprosy may manifest as erythema nodosum (appearance of tender inflamed subcutaneous nodule) and reversal reaction (inflammation in the previous skin lesion, appearance of new skin lesions, neuritis and abscess). ulnar nerve is most commonly involved. this report ... | 2009 | 19582989 |
| in this issue. | evolving backwards: mycobacterium leprae: pp. 3233-3243mycobacterium leprae is responsible for at least 300 000 new cases per year of leprosy (hanson's disease). a gram-positive bacillus, m. leprae has not been cultured in vitro: it is known to grow only in humans, mice and nine-banded armadillos, and, even there it is an obligate intracellular pathogen. the bacterium must have become an obligate intracellular organism relatively recently, judging by the number of pseudogenes and substantial gen ... | 2009 | 19579221 |
| population-based molecular epidemiology of leprosy in cebu, philippines. | to address the persisting problem of leprosy in cebu, philippines, we compiled a database of more than 200 patients who attend an established referral skin clinic. we described the patient characteristics in conventional demographic parameters and also applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) typing for mycobacterium leprae in biopsied skin lesion samples. these combined approaches revealed that transmission is ongoing, ... | 2009 | 19571027 |
| health assessment of free-ranging three-banded (tolypeutes matacus) and nine-banded (dasypus novemcinctus) armadillos in the gran chaco, bolivia. | the gran chaco, bolivia, has a total of seven species of armadillos with the three-banded (tolypeutes matacus) and nine-banded (dasypus novemcinctus) the most commonly hunted by the local isoseño-guarani people. armadillos are known carriers of zoonotic pathogens, including mycobacterium leprae, toxoplasma gondii, and trypanosoma cruzi; thus human handling and consumption of these species may have a significant public health impact. a health assessment that included physical examinations, hemato ... | 2009 | 19569470 |
| validating divergent orf annotation of the mycobacterium leprae genome through a full translation data set and peptide identification by tandem mass spectrometry. | mycobacterium leprae has undergone extensive degenerative evolution, with a large number of pseudogenes. it is also the organism with the greatest divergence between gene annotations from independent institutes. therefore, m. leprae is a good model to verify the currently predicted coding sequence regions between different annotations, to identify new ones and to investigate the expression of pseudogenes. we submitted a total extract of the bacteria isolated from armadillo to gel-lc-ms/ms using ... | 2009 | 19562797 |
| drug resistance in leprosy: reports from selected endemic countries. | 2009 | 19557943 | |
| detection of rna expression from pseudogenes and non-coding genomic regions of mycobacterium leprae. | we have previously reported that some pseudogenes are expressed in mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae), the causative agent of leprosy, and that their expression levels alter upon infection of macrophages. we attempted to further examine the expression of pseudogene and non-coding genomic region in m. leprae, in this study. 19 pseudogenes, 17 non-coding genomic regions, and 21 coding genes expression in m. leprae maintained in the footpads of the hypertensive nude rat (shr/ncrj-rnu) were examined b ... | 2009 | 19555754 |
| mycobacterial esat-6 and katg are recognized by sarcoidosis cd4+ t cells when presented by the american sarcoidosis susceptibility allele, drb1*1101. | genetic associations of american sarcoidosis susceptibility implicate mhc class ii allele, drb1*1101. we previously reported immune recognition of mycobacterium peptides from peripheral cells of 26 sarcoidosis subjects, 24 ppd- healthy volunteers, and eight with latent tuberculosis infection. | 2010 | 19536643 |
| nasal reconstruction of the leprosy nose using costal cartilage. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nerves that often leads to gross deformation of the nasal skeleton and subsequent formation of a saddle-nose deformity. reconstruction of the nose following mycobacterium leprae infection has challenged surgeons for centuries. as a result, a number of different techniques have been attempted with varying outcomes. this article describes the case and surgical treatment of a 37-year old female who presented with a subtotal nas ... | 2009 | 19486749 |
| lipids of pathogenic mycobacteria: contributions to virulence and host immune suppression. | mycobacteria are characterized by a complex cell wall, the lipid nature of which confers to the bacilli resistance to drying, acid or alkaline conditions, and to chemical disinfectants and therapeutic agents. pathogenic species, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. leprae and m. ulcerans, have evolved various strategies to establish residence in their hosts and provoke long-term infections. there is mounting evidence that the unique lipids composing their envelopes, strategically located at th ... | 2009 | 19486312 |
| ancient skeletal evidence for leprosy in india (2000 b.c.). | leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae that affects almost 250,000 people worldwide. the timing of first infection, geographic origin, and pattern of transmission of the disease are still under investigation. comparative genomics research has suggested m. leprae evolved either in east africa or south asia during the late pleistocene before spreading to europe and the rest of the world. the earliest widely accepted evidence for leprosy is in asian texts dated to 60 ... | 2009 | 19479078 |
| snp 668c (-44) alters a nf-kappab1 putative binding site in non-coding strand of human beta-defensin 1 (defb1) and is associated with lepromatous leprosy. | leprosy is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. the peptide human beta-defensin 1 is an antimicrobial effector of innate epithelial immunity. a study was done on the association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the beta-defensin 1 gene (defb1) - 668 c/g (-44 c/g or rs1800972; in 5' utr), 692 a/g (-20 a/g or rs11362; in 5' utr) and a1836g (rs1800971; in 3' utr) - with leprosy susceptibility per se and clinical leprosy variants. the snps were genotyped by real-ti ... | 2009 | 19460328 |
| leprosy. | the world health organization field leprosy classification is based on the number of skin lesions: single-lesion leprosy (1 lesion), paucibacillary leprosy (2-5 skin lesions), and multibacillary leprosy (more than 5 skin lesions). worldwide, about 720,000 new cases of leprosy are reported each year, and about 2 million people have leprosy-related disabilities. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of inte ... | 2007 | 19454067 |
| molecular determination of mycobacterium leprae viability by use of real-time pcr. | mycobacterium leprae, the etiological agent of leprosy, is noncultivable on axenic media. therefore, the viability of m. leprae for clinical or experimental applications is often unknown. to provide new tools for m. leprae viability determination, two quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays were developed and characterized. m. leprae soda mrna and 16s rrna were used as rna targets, and m. leprae repetitive element (rlep) dna was used to determine relative bacterial numbers in the ... | 2009 | 19439537 |
| tryptophan aspartate-containing coat protein (coro1a) suppresses toll-like receptor signalling in mycobacterium leprae infection. | mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular pathogen that survives within the phagosome of host macrophages. several host factors are involved in producing tolerance, while others are responsible for killing the mycobacterium. tryptophan aspartate-containing coat protein (taco; also known as coro1a or coronin-1) inhibits the phagosome maturation that allows intracellular parasitization. in addition, the toll-like receptor (tlr) activates the innate immune response. both coro1a and tlr-2 co-localize ... | 2009 | 19438603 |
| polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) are associated with protection against leprosy. | accumulating evidence suggests that polymorphisms in toll-like receptors (tlrs) influence the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infections, including leprosy, a disease whose manifestations depend on host immune responses. polymorphisms in tlr2 are associated with an increased risk of reversal reaction, but not susceptibility to leprosy itself. we examined whether polymorphisms in tlr4 are associated with susceptibility to leprosy in a cohort of 441 ethiopian leprosy patients and 197 healthy control ... | 2009 | 19430824 |
| quantitative real-time pcr analysis of mycobacterium leprae dna and mrna in human biopsy material from leprosy and reactional cases. | mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is uncultivable in defined media. development of new diagnostic tools which do not depend on growth of bacteria is needed for the early detection of m. leprae and for monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy. we used a real-time pcr-based assay to quantify the copy number of bacterial dna and hsp18 mrna from 47 leprosy patients using paraffin-embedded biopsy samples. the assay used was specific, sensitive and reproducible. the applicabili ... | 2009 | 19429751 |
| 17th international leprosy congress, hyderabad. reports of pre-congress workshops held on january 29th-30th, 2008. | 2008 | 19425514 | |
| [a male from brazil presenting skin lesions and fever]. | 2009 | 19419800 | |
| contribution of nasal biopsy to leprosy diagnosis. | the nasal mucosa plays the main role as the entry and the exit of leprosy bacilli and the nasal involvement may precede the skin lesions by several years. nasal biopsy has been used in research but its clinical application has not been described. we evaluated the contribution of the nasal biopsy for the diagnosis of leprosy and its correlation to skin biopsy and skin smear in untreated patients. | 2009 | 19401045 |
| rapid variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping for mycobacterium leprae clinical specimens. | mycobacterium leprae is the noncultivable pathogen of leprosy. since the genome sequence of an isolate of m. leprae has become available, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) has been explored as a tool for strain typing and identification of chains of transmission of leprosy. in order to discover vntrs and develop methods transferable to clinical samples, mlva was applied to a global collection of m. leprae isolates derived from leprosy patients and propagated in ... | 2009 | 19386839 |
| hansen's disease with hiv: a case of immune reconstitution disease. | immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) is an acute symptomatic expression of a latent infection during the recovery of the immune system usually as a response to antiretroviral therapy (art). opportunistic infections can trigger iris. hansen's disease is an infection caused by mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae). there have been a limited number of case reports reporting the presentation of the co-infection of hiv and m. leprae. we report an unique case of iris in a patient co-infected ... | 2009 | 19385373 |
| concomitant lucio phenomenon and erythema nodosum in a leprosy patient: clues for their distinct pathogeneses. | lepromatous leprosy patients may develop necrotic lesions, usually in the context of lucio phenomenon (lp) or severe erythema nodosum (en). the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the necrotic manifestations of both entities may eventually be confounded. we describe a patient with lepromatous leprosy who developed, since the 4th month of her first pregnancy, recurrent necrotic lesions in lower limbs, which, at the postpartum, worsened and led to partial destruction of ears and nose ... | 2009 | 19384072 |
| histoid leprosy: histopathological connotations' relevance in contemporary context. | a reappraisal of histoid leprosy in the contemporary postglobal leprosy elimination era, a fallout of the world health organization leprosy elimination program, is succinctly outlined. the cardinal clinical expression, differential clinical diagnosis, the cytodiagnosis, and diagnostic salient histopathological features are highlighted. | 2009 | 19384068 |
| evaluation of polymerase chain reaction-based detection of mycobacterium leprae for the diagnosis of leprosy. | because mycobacterium leprae cannot be cultivated in vitro, laboratory diagnosis of leprosy is generally made by microscopic and histopathological examination. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and utility of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect m. leprae in comparison with other conventional methods for diagnosis such as split skin smears, histopathology and serodiagnosis. pcr amplification of the m. leprae-specific 16s ribosomal rna was compared to other m ... | 2009 | 19382997 |
| report of 2 indigenous cases of leprosy from a european country: use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of hsp65 gene for identification of mycobacterium leprae directly from a clinical sample. | in this article, we report on 2 indigenous cases of leprosy detected in a european country. we also report on the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of hsp65 gene for rapid identification of mycobacterium leprae directly from the clinical sample. | 2009 | 19376672 |
| the effect of iron supplementation in the diet of dasypus novemcinctus (linnaeus, 1758) armadillos in captivity. | armadillos of the species dasypus novemcinctus have been used as an experimental model of leprosy. besides non-human primates, they are the only species naturally infected with mycobacterium leprae and when experimentally inoculated, reproduce the lepromatous form of the disease producing large quantities of bacilli. this species has been maintained in captivity by numerous researchers and specific housing and feeding requirements have been developed to guarantee their survival during long exper ... | 2009 | 19347153 |
| increased chitotriosidase activity in serum of leprosy patients: association with bacillary leprosy. | human phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase is associated with several diseases involving macrophage activation. since macrophage activation plays an important role in the control of mycobacterium leprae infection, we studied the association of chitotriosidase with leprosy both in serum and in situ in lesional skin biopsies from patients. serum samples from 78 indonesian leprosy patients (39 non-reactional and 39 reactional leprosy patients) and 36 healthy controls (hc) from the same endemic region ... | 2009 | 19307157 |
| relapse in leprosy. | leprosy is unique in terms of the nature of the causative organism (mycobacterium leprae), the chronicity of the disease, its prolonged treatment and the definitions of "cure" and "relapse." the principal mode of assessing the efficacy of therapeutic regimens in leprosy is the "relapse rate." there are wide variations in estimates of relapse rates after the world health organization (who) multidrug therapy in different regions. the important predisposing factors for relapse include the presence ... | 2009 | 19293498 |
| detection of tuberculosis in hiv-infected children using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. | to evaluate an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (elispot) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb) in hiv-infected children with suspected tb and to compare the performance of elispot with the tuberculin skin test (tst). | 2009 | 19287300 |
| whole-genome tiling array analysis of mycobacterium leprae rna reveals high expression of pseudogenes and noncoding regions. | whole-genome sequence analysis of mycobacterium leprae has revealed a limited number of protein-coding genes, with half of the genome composed of pseudogenes and noncoding regions. we previously showed that some m. leprae pseudogenes are transcribed at high levels and that their expression levels change following infection. in order to clarify the rna expression profile of the m. leprae genome, a tiling array in which overlapping 60-mer probes cover the entire 3.3-mbp genome was designed. the ar ... | 2009 | 19286800 |
| the role of free-living pathogenic amoeba in the transmission of leprosy: a proof of principle. | leprosy transmission remains poorly understood, though, prolonged skin contact and/or infection via nasal mucosa, are considered likely. problematic in any transmission hypothesis is the fastidious nature of mycobacterium leprae outside its host cell and the requirement for temporary survival in the environment, soil or water. experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that free living pathogenic amoeba might serve as host cells for m. leprae, protecting them from adverse environmental ... | 2008 | 19274986 |
| leprosy type 1 (reversal) reactions and their management. | the type of leprosy that affects an individual depends on the immune response mounted against the organism. this leads to a spectrum of disease which may be complicated by immunological phenomena called reactions. antimicrobial chemotherapy is effective in treating the mycobacterium leprae infection but up to 30% of individuals with borderline disease experience type 1 reactions (t1rs). t1rs are immunologically mediated episodes, localised in skin and nerves, which are a major cause of nerve fun ... | 2008 | 19274984 |
| development of leprosy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis during the infliximab treatment: reactivation of a latent infection? | the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha as a treatment for chronic inflammatory conditions has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing infections, especially mycobacterium tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteria, and other microorganisms. we report the case of a 58-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis, receiving infliximab treatment, who presented with multiple plaques on the face, chest, and extremities, a thickened, tender ulnar nerve, and severe neuritis of the feet. t ... | 2009 | 19259757 |
| functional insights by comparison of modeled structures of 18kda small heat shock protein and its mutant in mycobacterium leprae. | in this work we are proposing homology modeled structures of mycobacterium leprae 18kda heat shock protein and its mutant. the more closely related structure of the small heat shock protein (shsp) belonging to the eukaryotic species from wheat shsp16.9 and 16.3kda acr1 protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as template structures. each model contains an n-terminal domain, alpha-crystalline domain and a c-terminal tail. the models showed that a single point mutation from serine to prol ... | 2008 | 19255639 |
| peroxynitrite detoxification by ferryl mycobacterium leprae truncated hemoglobin o. | during infection, mycobacterium leprae is faced with the host macrophagic environment limiting the growth of the bacilli. however, (pseudo-)enzymatic detoxification systems, including truncated hemoglobin o (ml-trhbo), could allow this mycobacterium to persist in vivo. here, kinetics of peroxynitrite (onooh/onoo(-)) detoxification by ferryl ml-trhbo (ml-trhbo-fe(iv)=o), obtained by treatment with h(2)o(2), is reported. values of the second-order rate constant for peroxynitrite detoxification by ... | 2009 | 19250633 |
| lymphotoxin-alpha and tnf have essential but independent roles in the evolution of the granulomatous response in experimental leprosy. | recent studies identified an association between genetic variants in the lymphotoxin-alpha (ltalpha) gene and leprosy. to study the influence of ltalpha on the control of experimental leprosy, both low- and high-dose mycobacterium leprae foot pad (fp) infections were evaluated in ltalpha-deficient chimeric (cltalpha(-/-)) and control chimeric (cb6) mice. cellular responses to low-dose infection in cltalpha(-/-) mice were dramatically different, with reduced accumulation of cd4(+) and cd8(+) lymp ... | 2009 | 19246648 |
| [report of the ninth meeting of the who technical advisory group of leprosy control]. | the ninth meeting of the who technical advisory group (tag) on leprosy control was held in cairo, egypt on 6th and 7th march 2008. the meeting was chaired by professor w.c.s. smith and attended by national leprosy programme managers from brazil, the democratic republic of congo, cambodia, egypt, iran, india, nigeria and thailand. in addition, several experts and members of the technical commission of the international federation ofanti-leprosy associations (ilep) also attended the meeting. | 2009 | 19227153 |
| recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of leprosy. | recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of leprosy through genotyping of variable number tandem repeats (vntrs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are described. vntrs with a broad range of diversity are useful genotyping tools for analyzing transmission in community areas, and snps and vntrs with a small degree of variation are favorable for investigating the global transmission of leprosy. we expect that the transmission of leprosy can be fully analyzed by the application of thes ... | 2009 | 19227152 |
| [comprehensive analysis of rna expression of mycobacterium leprae and clinical and biological significance]. | completion of mycobacterium leprae genome sequence revealed that there are many pseudogenes and non-coding regions, but rather small numbers of protein-coding genes. this result indicates that m. leprae is a very unique organism, and this future is important to understand the biological nature and/or pathogenicity of m. leprae, which remain unclear. we attempted to find the biological nature of m. leprae by detecting the gene and pseudogene regions transcribed at high level. we detected the geno ... | 2009 | 19227151 |
| [detection of rna expression on whole genome analysis of mycobacterium leprae by tiling array]. | completion of mycobacterium leprae genome sequence revealed that there are many pseudogenes and non-coding regions, but rather small numbers of protein-coding genes. although it was thought that pseudogenes and non-coding regions were silent and junk, our previous studies indicated that rna expression was detected from these regions. to elucidate comprehensive rna expression pattern on m. leprae whole genome, tiling array was designed and total rna of m. leprae thai-53 strain was analyzed. as a ... | 2009 | 19227149 |
| [structure and anti-m. leprae activity relationships of new quinolones]. | due to the emergence of drug resistant m. leprae, there is a need to look for new drugs for the treatment of leprosy. we evaluated the effectiveness of new quinolones in vitro as well as in vivo. the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that a cyclopropyl group at the 1-position, cooh at the 3-position, oh at the 4-position, nh2 or oh-substitutions at the 5-position, f at the 6-position, 5- and 6-membered rings at the 7-position, halogen (f or cl) or och3 at the 8-position of the quinolone cor ... | 2009 | 19227145 |
| temperature dependency for survival of mycobacterium leprae in macrophages. | hansen's disease is caused by an infection with an intracellular pathogen, mycobacterium leprae, which mainly inhabits macrophages and schwann cells. however, little is known about the survival or growth mechanisms of the bacilli in mouse and human macrophages. in the present study, by using radiorespirometry analysis for the evaluation of the viability of m. leprae, we observed that in vitro incubation of m. leprae-infected macrophages at 35 degrees c was more growth permissive than at 37 degre ... | 2009 | 19227144 |
| heparin-binding hemagglutinin (hbha) of mycobacterium leprae is expressed during infection and enhances bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. | a heparin-binding hemagglutinin (hbha) expressed on the surface of mycobacterium tuberculosis is an antigenic protein that has been implicated in bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and systemic dissemination. in this study, the potential role of the mycobacterium leprae hbha (ml-hbha) homologue in leprosy was investigated. initially, the in vivo expression of hbha and its association with the m. leprae cell envelope was confirmed by immunoblotting and proteomic analysis. mycobacterium lepra ... | 2009 | 19220476 |
| is leprosy spreading among nine-banded armadillos in the southeastern united states? | in the united states, nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) populations are derived from two sources: (1) a continuous range expansion from mexico led to western populations, some of which, particularly along the western gulf coast and west side of the mississippi river delta, exhibit persistently high rates of leprosy infection, and (2) a small group of animals released from captivity in florida gave rise to eastern populations that were all considered leprosy free. given that western an ... | 2009 | 19204343 |
| immune response to vaccination with dna-hsp65 in a phase i clinical trial with head and neck cancer patients. | dna-hsp65, a dna vaccine encoding the 65-kda heat-shock protein of mycobacterium leprae (hsp65) is capable of inducing the reduction of established tumors in mouse models. we conducted a phase i clinical trial of dna-hsp65 in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. in this article, we report on the vaccine's potential to induce immune responses to hsp65 and to its human homologue, hsp60, in these patients. twenty-one patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck ... | 2009 | 19197326 |
| [utility of molecular biology in the microbiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections]. | species within the mycobacterium genus are of major medical interest, since, together with environmental and opportunistic species, there are two species (mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae) that remain an important public health challenge. despite efforts to control tuberculosis (tb), this disease remains one of the most prominent health problems worldwide. in the last few years, mycobacteriology has experienced major technological advances. nevertheless, the early diagnosis of ... | 2008 | 19195445 |
| diagnostic usefulness of a t-cell-based assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. | the low reactivity of the tuberculin skin test limits its clinical use in immunocompromised patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. a recently developed t-cell-based assay for diagnosing tuberculosis infection gave promising results. however, there were few data on the usefulness of this assay for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. | 2009 | 19185094 |
| leprosy: not always an easy diagnosis and often a management challenge. | leprosy is rare in australia, particularly in the southern states. we report two cases of leprosy in southern australia that presented to the dermatology outpatients' department within a 4-month period. the presentation of the first case was complex, making the correct diagnosis difficult. both cases involved immigrants from south-east asia, were classified as multi-bacillary leprosy as defined by the world health organization, and were commenced on the recommended multiple drug therapy. the ens ... | 2009 | 19178490 |
| from genome-based in silico predictions to ex vivo verification of leprosy diagnosis. | the detection of hundreds of thousands of new cases of leprosy every year suggests that transmission of mycobacterium leprae infection still continues. unfortunately, tools for identification of asymptomatic disease and/or early-stage m. leprae infection (likely sources of transmission) are lacking. the recent identification of m. leprae-unique genes has allowed the analysis of human t-cell responses to novel m. leprae antigens. antigens with the most-promising diagnostic potential were tested f ... | 2009 | 19176694 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis rv3802c encodes a phospholipase/thioesterase and is inhibited by the antimycobacterial agent tetrahydrolipstatin. | the cell wall of m. tuberculosis is central to its success as a pathogen. mycolic acids are key components of this cell wall. the genes involved in joining the alpha and mero mycolates are located in a cluster, beginning with rv3799c and extending at least until rv3804c. the role of each enzyme encoded by these five genes is fairly well understood, except for rv3802c. rv3802 is one of seven putative cutinases encoded by the genome of m. tuberculosis. in phytopathogens, cutinases hydrolyze the wa ... | 2009 | 19169353 |
| identification of two proteins that interact with the erp virulence factor from mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the bacterial two-hybrid system. | the exported repetitive protein (erp) gene encodes a secreted 36-kda protein with a central domain containing several proline-glycine-leucine-threonine-serine (pglts) repeats. it has been demonstrated that erp is a virulence-associated factor since the disruption of this gene impairs the growth of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. | 2009 | 19159459 |
| question: can you identify this condition? tuberculoid leprosy. | 2009 | 19155370 | |
| silica-based cationic bilayers as immunoadjuvants. | silica particles cationized by dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (dodab) bilayer were previously described. this work shows the efficiency of these particulates for antigen adsorption and presentation to the immune system and proves the concept that silica-based cationic bilayers exhibit better performance than alum regarding colloid stability and cellular immune responses for vaccine design. | 2009 | 19152701 |
| single lesion multibacillary leprosy, a treatment enigma: a case report. | abstract: | 2009 | 19144101 |
| in silico comparison of simple sequence repeats in high nucleotides-rich genomes of microorganism. | this study determined the distribution of a specific group of simple sequence repeats (ssrs), in genome sequences of 7 chromosomes (shigella flexneri 2a str 301 and 2457 t, shigella sonnei, e. coli k12, m. tuberculosis, m. leprae and s. saprophytycus) have downloaded from the genbank database for identifying abundance, distribution and composition of ssrs. the data obtained in the present study show that: (i) tandem repeats are widely distributed throughout the genomes. (ii) ssrs are differentia ... | 2008 | 19137845 |
| antileprosy activity and preliminary toxicological characteristics of some dialkyldithiocarbamate derivatives. | antileprosy activity of dialkyldithiocarbamate derivatives was studied in experiments on mice infected with m. leprae into paw pads. we found that 2-diethyldithiocarbamoyl-3-cyano-5-nitropyridine is the most promising antileprosy agent; it effectively suppresses multiplication of m. leprae and is well tolerated under conditions of chronic animal experiment. | 2008 | 19110590 |
| genetic, epidemiological and biological analysis of interleukin-10 promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms suggests a definitive role for -819c/t in leprosy susceptibility. | leprosy is a complex infectious disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. the genetic contributing factors are considered heterogeneous and several genes have been consistently associated with susceptibility like park2, tumor necrosis factor (tnf), lymphotoxin-alpha (lta) and vitamin-d receptor (vdr). here, we combined a case-control study (374 patients and 380 controls), with meta-analysis (5 studies; 2702 individuals) and biological study to test the epidemiological and physiolo ... | 2009 | 19110537 |