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de novo synthesis of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in oleaginous yeast yarrowia lipolytica.conjugated linoleic acid (cla) has many well-documented beneficial physiological effects. due to the insufficient natural supply of cla and low specificity of chemically produced cla, an effective and isomer-specific production process is required for medicinal and nutritional purposes.201222545818
periprosthetic infections after total shoulder arthroplasty: a 33-year perspective.to examine the rates and predictors of deep periprosthetic infections after primary total shoulder arthroplasty (tsa).201222516570
systemic isotretinoin therapy normalizes exaggerated tlr-2-mediated innate immune responses in acne patients.retinoids are used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and malignancies, but studies characterizing the in vivo actions of these drugs in humans are lacking. isotretinoin is a pro-drug for all-trans retinoic acid, which can induce long-term remissions of acne; however, its complete mechanism of action is unknown. we hypothesized that isotretinoin induces remission of acne by normalizing the innate immune response to the commensal bacterium propionibacterium acnes. compared with normal ...201222513780
pattern of tissue invasion by propionibacterium acnes in acne vulgaris. 201222510385
microbial spectrum and resistance patterns in endophthalmitis: a 21-year (1988-2008) review in northeast united states.to study the microbial spectrum and antibacterial susceptibility of vitreous cultures in a tertiary referral center in northeast united states.201222506856
crispr/cas loci of type ii propionibacterium acnes confer immunity against acquisition of mobile elements present in type i p. acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a skin commensal that occasionally acts as an opportunistic pathogen. the population structure of this species shows three main lineages (i-iii). while type i strains are mainly associated with sebaceous follicles of human skin and inflammatory acne, types ii and iii strains are more often associated with deep tissue infections. we investigated the occurrence and distribution of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) in p. acnes, assesse ...201222479553
generation and characterization of chicken egg yolk antibodies against propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of acne vulgaris.antigen-specific antibody has been widely used for immunological analysis in the field of diagnosis as well as in pure scientific research, where the igy antibodies can be raised against p acnes antigen.201222470202
thirty years of research on infection and prostate cancer: no conclusive evidence for a link. a systematic review.the potential role of genitourinary infection in the etiology of prostate cancer (cap) has been extensively investigated for 30 years. two basic approaches have been used: tissue-based methods (polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization) and serologic assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, etc.). the objective of this review was to answer the question of whether infection of the male genitourinary tract may have a role in the etiology of ca ...201322459691
acne sans p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a common disease that carries an enormous financial and psychosocial impact. androgens, excessive sebum production, ductal hypercornification, changes in the microbial flora, as well as inflammation and immunological host reactions are considered the major contributors to acne pathogenesis. despite extensive research on acne pathogenesis, the exact sequence of events and their possible mechanisms leading to the development of a microcomedone and its transformation into an inflam ...201322458782
comparative analysis of mycobacterium and related actinomycetes yields insight into the evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis.the sequence of the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strain h37rv has been available for over a decade, but the biology of the pathogen remains poorly understood. genome sequences from other mtb strains and closely related bacteria present an opportunity to apply the power of comparative genomics to understand the evolution of mtb pathogenesis. we conducted a comparative analysis using 31 genomes from the tuberculosis database (tbdb.org), including 8 strains of mtb and m. bovis, 11 addi ...201222452820
adjuvant effect of killed propionibacterium acnes on mouse peritoneal b-1 lymphocytes and their early phagocyte differentiation.b-1 lymphocytes are the predominant cells in mouse peritoneal cavity. they express macrophage and lymphocyte markers and are divided into b-1a, b-1b and b-1c subtypes. the role of b-1 cells is not completely clear, but they are responsible for natural igm production and seem to play a regulatory role. an enriched b-1b cell population can be obtained from non-adherent peritoneal cell cultures, and we have previously demonstrated that these cells undergo differentiation to acquire a mononuclear ph ...201222448280
propionibacterium acnes delayed infection following spinal surgery with instrumentation.propionibacterium acnes detection in culture media was previously considered a contamination but recently its infectious role was discovered in post-spinal surgery infections. p. acnes might be introduced during surgery. its diagnosis is based on non-specific clinical signs, image indications of infection, and the conclusive microbiological sign. furthermore, its diagnosis is difficult because of slow growth rate and low virulence, delaying its presentation. usually, the infection is manifested ...201322441672
efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in lumbar spine surgery.postoperative spinal wound infections are relatively common and are often associated with increased morbidity and poor long-term patient outcomes. the purposes of this study were to identify the common bacterial flora on the skin overlying the lumbar spine and evaluate the efficacy of readily available skin-preparation solutions in the elimination of bacterial pathogens from the surgical site following skin preparation.201222437997
cardiovascular implantable electronic device endocarditis treated with daptomycin with or without transvenous removal.nine patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device (cied) endocarditis were treated with daptomycin after the failure of previous treatment. the blood and cied lead cultures of 1 patient were negative. in the other 8 patients, we observed 6 monomicrobic infections and 2 polymicrobic infections. overall, 10 strains were isolated in these patients: 4 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, 2 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus ...201322436967
propionibacterium acnes brain abscess in a patient with hiv-1 infection. 201222403028
optimizing topical combination therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris.given the multifactorial and complex contributors to acne development, combination therapy is standard of care. by addressing multiple pathogenic factors, combination therapy provides a quicker and more efficacious treatment outcome than monotherapy. topical retinoids normalize follicular keratinocyte differentiation and are anti-inflammatory. their use is limited by the potential for cutaneous irritation. antimicrobials reduce propionibacterium acnes colonization on the skin and reduce the bact ...201222395581
novel anti-acne actions of nadifloxacin and clindamycin that inhibit the production of sebum, prostaglandin e(2) and promatrix metalloproteinase-2 in hamster sebocytes.acne vulgaris is characteristic of excess sebum production and the induction of inflammatory reactions, for example, the augmentation of cytokine, prostaglandin (pg) and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) production in sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous units. as propionibacterium acnes is considered to be involved in the aggravation of acne vulgaris, antimicrobial agents have been found to be effective for treating acne leading to the remission of inflammation. however, it is not fully understood w ...201222394009
subgingival microbial profiles of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontal diseases.the aim of this study was to distinguish between generalized aggressive (gagp) and chronic periodontitis (cp) based on the subgingival microbial profiles predominant in these diseases.201222377404
complete genome sequences of three propionibacterium acnes isolates from the type ia(2) cluster.propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that has been linked to a wide range of opportunistic human infections and conditions, most notably acne vulgaris (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). we now present the whole-genome sequences of three p. acnes strains from the type ia(2) cluster which were recovered from ophthalmic infections (a. mcdowell et al., microbiology 157:1990-2003, 2011).201222374954
peptides with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities that have therapeutic potential for treatment of acne vulgaris.the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial involving infection of the pilosebaceous unit with propionibacterium acnes and a cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. five frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides ([d4k]ascaphin-8, [g4k]xt-7, [t5k]temporin-dra, brevinin-2gu, and b2rp-era), chosen for their low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes, were assessed for their effects on the growth of clinical isolates of p. acnes and on the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflamma ...201222374306
effect of lactobacillus reuteri on the proliferation of propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis.while it is generally accepted that propionibacterium acnes is involved in the development of acne, other bacteria including staphylococcus epidermidis have also been isolated from the acne lesion. the interaction between lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, and acnegenic bacteria is unclear. this study examined the effects of l. reuteri on the proliferation of p. acnes and s. epidermidis. human-derived l. reuteri strains (kctc 3594 and kctc 3678) and rat-derived l. reuteri kctc 3679 we ...201222367948
effects of 420-nm intense pulsed light in an acne animal model.blue light in the 400-420 nm range has been shown to reduce the levels of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the skin. p. acnes has been postulated to be a critical trigger for inflammatory acne. thus, treatment with 420 nm-intense pulsed light should reduce inflammatory activity in acne.201322364124
an increased incidence of propionibacterium acnes biofilms in acne vulgaris: a case-control study.acne vulgaris is a disorder of the sebaceous follicles. propionibacterium acnes can be involved in inflammatory acne.201222356121
target- and resistance-based mechanistic studies with tp-434, a novel fluorocycline antibiotic.tp-434 is a novel, broad-spectrum fluorocycline antibiotic with activity against bacteria expressing major antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including tetracycline-specific efflux and ribosomal protection. the mechanism of action of tp-434 was assessed using both cell-based and in vitro assays. in escherichia coli cells expressing recombinant tetracycline resistance genes, the mic of tp-434 (0.063 μg/ml) was unaffected by tet(m), tet(k), and tet(b) and increased to 0.25 and 4 μg/ml in the presen ...201222354310
blood collection procedures influence contamination rates in blood culture: a prospective study.blood culture contamination is a significant adverse event. the aim of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of a strict blood collection procedure in reducing the blood culture contamination rate.201122340332
reinfection rates after 1-stage revision shoulder arthroplasty for patients with unexpected positive intraoperative cultures.recent studies have detailed the significance of indolent infections in revision shoulder arthroplasty, but little information is available to guide treatment strategies regarding patients with positive cultures without overt signs of infection. the primary purpose of this study was to determine recurrence rates of infection for patients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty who were not treated for infection but had positive intraoperative cultures.201222305921
eradication of propionibacterium acnes biofilms by plant extracts and putative identification of icariin, resveratrol and salidroside as active compounds.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. this organism is capable of biofilm formation and the decreased antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-associated cells may hamper efficient treatment. in addition, the prolonged use of systemic antibiotic therapy is likely to lead to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. in the present study we investigated whether p. acnes biofilms could be eradicated by pl ...201222305279
inhibition of propionibacterium acnes lipase by extracts of indian medicinal plants.lipases play an important role in pathogenesis of acne by hydrolysing sebum triglycerides and releasing irritating free fatty acids in the pilosebaceous follicles. lipase is a strong chemotactic and proinflammatory antigen. therefore, lipase has generated a high interest as a pharmacological target for antiacne drugs. the aim of this study was to identify inhibitory effects of plant extracts on the lipase activity of propionibacterium acnes. colorimetric microassay was used to determine lipase a ...201222268921
multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis of propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a commensal of human skin but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, in biofilm-associated infections of medical devices and endophthalmitis, and in infections of bone and dental root canals. recent studies associate p. acnes with prostate cancer. as the species includes evolutionary lineages with distinct association with health and disease, there is a need for a high-resolution typing scheme. recently, two multilocus sequence typing (mlst) schemes w ...201222259216
the polysaccharide fraction of propionibacterium acnes modulates the development of experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) appears to be associated with type-2 cytokines and podocyte dysfunction. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that immunization with the polysaccharide fraction of propionibacterium acnes (ps), a pro-th1 agonist, may subvert the type-2 profile and protect podocytes from adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis. adriamycin injection resulted in albuminuria and increased serum creatinine in association with loss of glomerular podocin an ...201222257707
microbiome complexity and staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis.the aim of this study was to compare microbiological culture-based and culture-independent (16s rrna gene sequencing) methodologies for pathogen identification in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients. we hypothesized that bacterial culture and dna sequencing would yield largely concurrent results, although sequencing would detect greater bacterial diversity, and the sinonasal microbiomes of crs patients would differ in composition and diversity compared with non-crs controls.201222253013
the role of rifampin against propionibacterium acnes biofilm in vitro and in an experimental foreign-body infection model.propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. we investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm p. acnes in vitro and in a foreign-body infection model. the mic and the minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc) were 0.007 and 4 μg/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 μg/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 μg/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 μg/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 a ...201222252806
genetic diversity of propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from human skin in japan and comparison with their distribution in europe.propionibacterium acnes, a commensal of human skin, is also an opportunistic pathogen of common acne and certain infectious diseases. however, it is still not obvious which strain is pathogenic for a certain infectious disease, and investigations to characterize pathogenic strains using molecular typing methods such as mlst using several housekeeping genes have been undertaken. however, to date, such analysis has focused mainly on strains isolated from europeans, and it is unclear whether the cl ...201222245790
reply: "follicular spicules associated with propionibacterium acnes with response to erythromycin": lack of evidence for the species? 201222225404
follicular spicules associated with propionibacterium acnes with response to erythromycin: lack of evidence for the species? 201222224953
subgingival microbiota in adult down syndrome periodontitis.the subgingival microbiota in down syndrome and non-down syndrome adults receiving periodic dental care was examined for 40 bacterial species using checkerboard dna-dna hybridization and the results were related to clinical periodontal attachment loss.201222221039
intratumoral injection of propionibacterium acnes suppresses malignant melanoma by enhancing th1 immune responses.malignant melanoma (mm) is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy associated with poor prognosis; many putatively therapeutic agents have been administered, but with mostly unsuccessful results. propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is an aerotolerant anaerobic gram-positive bacteria that causes acne and inflammation. after being engulfed and processed by phagocytes, p. acnes induces a strong th1-type cytokine immune response by producing cytokines such as il-12, ifn-γ and tnf-α. the characteristic th2 ...201122216160
Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Phylogenetic Analysis of Propionibacterium acnes.Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal of human skin but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and in biofilm-associated infections of medical devices and endophthalmitis, and in infections of bone and dental root canals. Recent studies associate P. acnes with prostate cancer. As the species includes evolutionary lineages with distinct association with health and disease, there is a need for a high-resolution typing scheme. Recently, two MLST schemes were reported, one based on ...201122205788
molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization.knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 dna probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization (cddh) technique.201222196182
efficiency of diversion of the first aliquot of blood and prestorage leukoreduction for preventing bacterial contamination in red blood cell concentrates assessed using a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based bacterial detection system.sepsis caused by the bacterial contamination of blood products is a major infection risk associated with blood transfusion. diversion of the initial 25 ml of blood and prestorage leukoreduction were implemented in japan in 2007 for all donated blood products. we assessed the efficacy of these new collection procedures in preventing bacterial contamination of red blood cell (rbc) concentrates.201122191101
Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens promotes the production of ovalbumin specific antibody via stimulating dendritic cell differentiation and up-regulating Th2 biased immune response.Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens (C. pyruviciproducens), a newly discovered Corynebacterium, is gram-positive, non-flagellate, non-spore-forming lipophilic rod. No known pathogenic components of Corynebacteria have been found in this new bacterium, such as diphtheria toxin and tuberculostearic acid. In the present study, referring to Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a well-known bacterial adjuvant, the stimulation of dendritic cells by C. pyruviciproducens was analyzed through detecting the ...201122178104
in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of seaweed extracts against acne inducing bacteria, propionibacterium acnes.this study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of common seaweeds from the coast of south korea against the etiologic agents of acne vulgaris. fifty-seven species of seaweed were screened for potential antimicrobial activity. methanol extracts of 13 species (22.8%) showed inhibitory effects against propionibacterium acnes. the aqueous extracts of only two species (3.5%) showed antimicrobial activity. when tested with the agar disk diffusion method, ecklonia cava, e. kurome, is ...201122167943
validation of the bact/alert(®)3d automated culture system for the detection of microbial contamination of epithelial cell culture medium.living tissue engineering for regenerative therapy cannot withstand the usual pharmacopoeia methods of purification and terminal sterilization. consequently, these products must be manufactured under aseptic conditions at microbiologically controlled environment facilities. this study was proposed to validate bact/alert(®)3d automated culture system for microbiological control of epithelial cell culture medium (eccm). suspensions of the nine microorganisms recommended by the european pharmacopoe ...201122160810
genome sequence of propionibacterium acnes type ii strain atcc 11828.propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human cutaneous microbiota and is occasionally associated with inflammatory diseases (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). here we present the complete genome sequence for the commercially available p. acnes type ii reference strain atcc 11828 (i. nagy et al., microbes infect. 8:2195-2205, 2006) recovered from a subcutaneous abscess.201222156398
Periprosthetic infections after shoulder hemiarthroplasty.BACKGROUND: To examine the rates and predictors of deep periprosthetic infections after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. METHODS: We used prospectively collected institutional registry data on all primary shoulder hemiarthroplasty patients from 1976-2008. We estimated survival free of deep periprosthetic infections using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Using univariate Cox regression analyses, we examined the association of patient-related factors (age, sex, body mass index), comorbidity (Deyo-Charlson ...201122154310
improvement of rna-sip by pyrosequencing to identify putative 4-n-nonylphenol degraders in activated sludge.nonylphenols (np) have estrogenic potential because of their phenolic ring, but the organisms involved in the degradation of this alkylated phenol remain unidentified. using 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-based stable isotope probing (sip) and a new method based on pyrosequencing, we identified the bacteria involved in the degradation of the aromatic ring of [u-ring-(13)c] 4-n-np in aerobic sludge. the first order degradation rate of 4-n-np was 5.5d(-1). single strand conformation polymorphism of dens ...201122154106
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether: an emerging solvent in topical dermatology products.Background The solvent diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) is currently used in over 500 cosmetic products and has enabled the formulation of a topical 5% dapsone gel for the treatment of acne. It is anticipated that this common cosmetic ingredient will be a component in numerous future prescription topical products approved for the US market. Dermatologists are already treating patients that apply products containing 5-40% of this solvent multiple times each day. Aims To provide dermato ...201122151944
Efficacy and safety of topical nadifloxacin and benzoyl peroxide versus clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide in acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled trial.Topical therapy with comedolytics and antibiotics are often advocated for mild and moderate severity acne vulgaris. Nadifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity and additional anti-inflammatory activity, is approved for use in acne. This randomized controlled assessor blind trial compared the clinical effectiveness and safety of eight weeks therapy of nadifloxacin 1% versus clindamycin 1% as add-on therapy to benzoyl peroxide (2.5%) in mild to moderate grade acn ...201122144763
first report of high levels of clindamycin-resistant propionibacterium acnes carrying erm(x) in japanese patients with acne vulgaris. 201122142418
Progression of cerebrospinal fluid cell count and differential over a treatment course of shunt infection.Object The physiological reaction of CSF white blood cells (WBCs) over the course of treating a shunt infection is undefined. The authors speculated that the CSF WBC count varies with different infecting organisms in peak level and differential percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The authors hope to identify clinically useful trends in the progression of CSF WBCs by analyzing a large group of patients with successfully treated shunt infect ...201122132920
Propionibacterium acnes: infection beyond the skin.Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal flora of the skin, oral cavity, large intestine, the conjunctiva and the external ear canal. Although primarily recognized for its role in acne, P. acnes is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a range of postoperative and device-related infections. These include infections of the bones and joints, mouth, eye and brain. Device-related infections include those of joint prostheses, shunts and prosthetic heart valves. ...201122114965
antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes among acne patients in a regional skin centre in hong kong.background  there has been no study on antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes in hong kong. objective  we investigated the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic-resistant p. acnes and to identify any associated factors for harbouring the resistant strains. methods  culture and sensitivity testing of p. acnes to commonly used antibiotics were performed. resistance to tetracycline was defined at a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 2 μg/ml or more; erythromycin at an mic of 0.5 μg/ml o ...201122103749
topical dose justification: benzoyl peroxide concentrations.abstract background: benzoyl peroxide (bpo) is widely utilized in acne treatment as an alternative to antibiotics against which propionibacterium acnes becomes more resistant. objective: this overview examines bpo dose justification. methods: pubmed, embase® and science citation index searches were conducted using the keywords "benzoyl peroxide" and "acne vulgaris". results: limited experimental data are available. however, there appears no significant difference in the efficacy of concentrat ...201122103743
The SAPHO syndrome--are microbes involved?The syndrome of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) includes a rare group of chronic, relapsing, inflammatory osteoarticular disorders that is conventionally associated with manifestations in the skin. Diagnostic dilemmas can arise due to incomplete manifestations or confusion generated through mimicking of other conditions, such as osteomyelitis. The aetiology of this syndrome remains unclear, but probably involves genetic, immunological and infectious mechanisms. The ...201122100290
newer approaches in topical combination therapy for acne.acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease involving the pilosebaceous unit. its pathophysiology is multifactorial and complex, including obstruction of the pilosebaceous unit due to increased sebum production, abnormal keratinization, proliferation of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), and inflammation. topical agents are the most commonly used therapy for acne. first generation topicals mainly consist of single agent retinoids, benzoyl peroxide (bpo) and antibacterials t ...201122089505
susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris to zinc ascorbate and antibiotics.the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ascorbic acid derivatives against propionibacterium acnes was tested either alone or in combination with a variety of antimicrobial agents, and their fractional inhibitory concentration index was determined using checkerboard tests. the antimicrobial effectiveness of zinc ascorbate in the treatment of acne vulgaris, either alone or in combination with antibiotics such as clindamycin that are commonly used in japan for the treatment of acne vulgaris, was the ...201122087070
single nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-4 protect against acne conglobata.background  former studies have shown that propionibacterium acnes may stimulate expression of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in keratinocytes of patients with acne vulgaris. objective  to investigate the impact of single nucleotide polumorphisms (snps) of the tlr4 gene in acne vulgaris. methods  genomic dna was isolated from 191 patients with acne vulgaris and 75 healthy controls. asp299gly and thr399ile snps were defined after cutting of the pcr products by restriction enzymes. sebum of lesions w ...201122085193
[Drug sensitivity of causative agents in ocular infection of external adnexa and anterior segments--multicenter study of causative agents and drug sensitivity of ocular infection by the Japanese Association for Ocular Infection part II].To report the drug sensitivity of causative agents produced by ocular infection of external adnexa and anterior segments investigated by the nationwide survey conducted by Japanese Association for Ocular Infection between September, 2007 and August, 2008.201122073598
[determination of causative agents in ocular infection of external adnexa and anterior segments--multicenter study of causative agents and drug sensitivity of ocular infection by the japanese association for ocular infection part i].to determine the causative agents of ocular infection of external adnexa and anterior segments due to selected criteria.201122073597
comparative photodynamic evaluation of new phenothiazinium derivatives against propionibacterium acnes(†).the screening of recently patented derivatives of the standard phenothiazinium agents methylene blue and toluidine blue was carried out against propionibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne vulgaris. comparative tests were made using the topical agent benzoyl peroxide (bpo) and standard tetracyclines. each of the photosensitizers employed, including the lead compounds, was photobactericidal at lower concentrations than bpo, and produced a much more rapid kill than the tetracyc ...201122043962
delayed- versus acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.purpose: to report a large consecutive case series of patients who developed delayed-onset and acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. design: retrospective consecutive case series. methods: the current study is a retrospective consecutive case series of patients treated between january 2000 and december 2009 for culture-proven endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. the study defined 2 groups after cataract surgery: acute-onset endophthalmitis (≤6 weeks after surgery) and delayed-on ...201122030353
Facial nerve palsy caused by parotid gland abscess.Objectives:We present the first report of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes parotid abscesses complicated by facial nerve palsy. Facial nerve palsy secondary to parotid gland abscess is rare, with only eight previously reported cases.Method:Case reports and literature review concerning parotid abscess and facial nerve palsy presentation and management.Case reports:Within two months, two female patients presented with parotid gland abscess complicated by unil ...201122017803
Investigation of Propionibacterium acnes in progressive macular hypomelanosis using real-time PCR and culture.Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH) is a dermatosis of unknown etiology. It has been concluded that it involves the presence of Propionibacterium acnes, a saprophyte of the pilosebaceous follicles. In our study, we investigated the presence of P. acnes in lesional and non-lesional skin of patients with PMH through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture from a skin fragment.201122004486
Anti-in?ammatory effects of active constituents extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs against Propionibacterium acnes.Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) from keratinocyte play important roles in initiating the inflammatory process of acne. They are used as major elements to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs. In this study, various active constituents extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects against P. acnes using ELISA. Among the constituents, matrine, baicalin, ursolic acid, sodium danshensu, magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin ...201121999396
The use of lymecycline and benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a prospective study.Progressive macular hypomelanosis is a dermatosis of uncertain etiology. The participation of Propionibacterium acnes has been suggested in view of the response achieved following therapy with drugs that are active against this bacterium. This report describes a series of thirteen patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis who were treated with an association of lymecycline and benzoyl peroxide over a three-month period. Response to treatment was excellent and the positive results were main ...201121987158
molecular relatedness of propionibacterium species isolated from blood products and on the skin of blood donors.in this study it was investigated whether propionibacterium acnes present in platelet concentrates (pcs) and related red blood cells (rbcs), originate from the skin of the donor.201121985045
Glycolic acid chemical peeling improves inflammatory acne eruptions through its inhibitory and bactericidal effects on Propionibacterium acnes.Glycolic acid chemical peeling is effective for treating comedones, and some clinical data show that it also improves inflammatory eruptions. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism of glycolic acid chemical peeling to improve inflammatory acne. To assess growth inhibitory and bactericidal effects of glycolic acid on Propionibacterium acnes in vitro, we used an agar diffusion method and a time-kill method. To reveal bactericidal effects in vivo, we established an agar-attached me ...201121950544
Heme Oxygenase-1 Alleviates Mouse Hepatic Failure through Suppression of Adaptive Immune Responses.Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has protective effects on liver damage induced by noxious stimuli. The mechanism of action of HO-1 is not well understood. In the present study, we investigate the effect of HO-1 in a model of fulminant hepatic failure induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the liver was increased after repeated administration of the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin IX. We found that HO-1 protected mice from acute live ...201221946119
Neolitsea aciculata essential oil inhibits drug-resistant skin pathogen growth and Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory effects of human monocyte leukemia.This study examined the chemical composition of Neolitsea aciculata essential oil (NAE) and its biological activities. NAE was obtained by hydro-distillation of N. aciculata leaves collected in Jeju Island and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer detector. 1-Dodecen-3-yne (12.5%), calarene (11.5%) and elemol (9.5%) were identified as the major components of NAE. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of NAE against skin pathogens were examined to determine ...201121922933
granulomatous propionibacterium acnes infection after trauma surgery.we report here a rare case of infection caused by propionibacterium acnes following trauma surgery: a 36-year-old male, accident victim was admitted to the hospital because of polytrauma. he underwent a long-drawn-out surgical intervention and after a free-muscle transfer using the rectus femoris muscle, signs of inflammation were detected in the affected area. microbiological examination of the wound revealed the presence of p. acnes as the only etiological agent of this infection. adequate ant ...201121911069
the breast: a clean-contaminated surgical site.capsular contracture is one of the most common complications associated with breast implants. while the cause of this process has not yet been elucidated, subclinical infection is a likely culprit.201121908811
primary total joint arthroplasty performed in operating rooms following cases of known infection.no study has examined infection rates in "clean" cases following "dirty" cases. this study evaluated patients undergoing elective primary total joint arthroplasties performed in operating rooms following cases of known infection for development of postoperative infection. a retrospective review of all elective primary total joint arthroplasties performed over a 5-year period at our institution was conducted. patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasties that followed cases of known i ...201121902154
uv induced red fluorescence of the acne patients reflects regional casual sebum level and acne lesion distribution: qualitative and quantitative analyses of facial fluorescence.background:  the uv-induced red fluorescence of the acne patients had been considered to be caused by propionibacterium acnes. objectives:  to study the correlation of the facial red fluorescence with the casual sebum level and the number of acne lesions and to investigate the difference in clinical features, according to both distribution and proportion of fluorescence. methods:  a total of 878 patients, clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris, were included. the inflammatory and non-inflammato ...201121895623
Acne vulgaris.Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit resulting from androgen-induced increased sebum production, altered keratinisation, inflammation, and bacterial colonisation of hair follicles on the face, neck, chest, and back by Propionibacterium acnes. Although early colonisation with P acnes and family history might have important roles in the disease, exactly what triggers acne and how treatment affects the course of the disease remain unclear. Other factors such as diet have ...201121880356
Acne vulgaris.Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological diseases, and caused by a combination of pathogenetic factors including follicular hyperkeratosis, seborrhea, colonization with Propionibacteriumacnes and inflammatory phenomena. Various medical treatments address these causative factors, but they are not always well tolerated. In the last decades, there has been increased interest in laser and light-based treatments. These optical devices mainly target Propionibacteriumacnes by activating p ...201121865806
antibacterial properties of a glycolipid-rich extract and active principle from nunavik collections of the macroalgae fucus evanescens c. agardh (fucaceae).this study investigated the antibacterial activity of glycolipid-rich extracts of the brown macroalga fucus evanescens in cell culture. accessions were collected on the arctic coast of ungava bay, nunavik, quebec. the crude ethyl acetate extract of these accessions showed strong antibacterial activity (≥4 log(10) cfu) against hemophilus influenzae , legionella pneumophila , propionibacterium acnes (atcc and clinical isolate), and streptococcus pyogenes at 100 µg/ml. this algal extract inhibited ...201121859295
[a white woman with white skin spots].a 26-year-old white woman came to the clinic because of white spots. the spots were confluent in the midline, non-scaly and localized on trunk and proximal parts of the arms. biopsy showed loss of pigment in the epidermis. the diagnosis was: progressive macular hypomelanosis.201121854654
analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic primary root canal infections in adult norwegian patients.this molecular study analyzed the microbiota of primary root canal infections from adult norwegian patients.201121846535
chronic infective endarteritis due to propionibacterium acnes on aortic prosthetic graft. 201121794971
cathelicidin-bf, a snake cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, could be an excellent therapeutic agent for acne vulgaris.cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules in innate immunity. cathelicidin-bf has been purified from the snake venoms of bungarus fasciatus and it is the first identified cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in reptiles. in this study, cathelicidin-bf was found exerting strong antibacterial activities against propionibacterium acnes. its minimal inhibitory concentration against two strains of p. acnes was 4.7 µg/ml. cathelicidin-bf also effec ...201121789223
folliculitis et perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens controlled with a combination therapy: systemic antibiosis (metronidazole plus clindamycin), dermatosurgical approach, and high-dose isotretinoin.folliculitis et perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens is a rare disease of unknown etiology. it is a suppurative process that involves the scalp, eventually resulting in extensive scarring and irreversible alopecia. the condition is also known as 'acne necrotica miliaris' or 'proprionibacterium' folliculitis. most often the disease affects men of african-american or african-caribbean descent between 20 and 40 years of age. the clinical picture is determined by fluctuating painful fist ...201121772598
in vitro antibacterial activity of nb-003 against propionibacterium acnes.nb-003 and nb-003 gel formulations are oil-in-water nanoemulsions designed for use in bacterial infections. in vitro susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes to nb-003 formulations and comparator drugs was evaluated. both nb-003 formulations were bactericidal against all p. acnes isolates, including those that were erythromycin-, clindamycin- and/or tetracycline-resistant. in the absence of sebum the mic(90)/mbc(90) values for nb-003, nb-003 gel, salicylic acid (sa), and benzoyl peroxide (bpo) ...201121746943
[postoperative recurrence of subdural empyema].we present a case of recurrent subdural post-surgical empyema by proprionibacterium acnes after a first drained empyema in which no microbiological diagnosis was reached. p. acnes is a gram-positive anaerobic organism which is part of the saprophytic flora of the skin and others parts of the body. however, it can cause infections, as in the central nervous system, especially post-surgical infections in which can be the second more frequent organism after staphylococcus aureus. p. acnes grows slo ...201121743949
cognitive deficits after systemic induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase: a randomised trial in rats.background: nitric oxide acts as an important neurotransmitter as well as a sepsis mediator. during sepsis, high levels of nitric oxide, produced by the inducible form of the nitric oxide synthase (inos), may lead to disturbances concerning these conflicting roles and cause septic encephalopathy. to evaluate this theory, we aimed at first, to demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in a rat model based on systemic inos induction; second, to elucidate molecular mechanisms; and third, to prevent cogniti ...201121743335
comparative genomics and transcriptomics of propionibacterium acnes.the anaerobic gram-positive bacterium propionibacterium acnes is a human skin commensal that is occasionally associated with inflammatory diseases. recent work has indicated that evolutionary distinct lineages of p. acnes play etiologic roles in disease while others are associated with maintenance of skin homeostasis. to shed light on the molecular basis for differential strain properties, we carried out genomic and transcriptomic analysis of distinct p. acnes strains. we sequenced the genome of ...201121738717
clearance of propionibacterium acnes by kupffer cells is regulated by osteopontin through modulating the expression of p47phox.osteopontin (opn) is a cytokine with multiple functions, including the regulation of innate immune response. however, the detailed function and mechanism of opn in host defense against invaded microorganisms remain unclear. in this report, we revealed that opn could affect the clearance of propionibacterium acnes in kupffer cells. in a murine model of p. acnes induced hepatic granuloma, opn-deficient mice or wild-type (wt) mice treated with anti-opn mab exhibited more hepatic granuloma formation ...201121737140
complete genome sequence of propionibacterium acnes type ib strain 6609.propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human cutaneous microbiota and is thought to play a central role in acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). here we present the whole genome sequence of p. acnes type ib strain 6609, which was recovered from a skin sample from a woman with no recorded acne history and is thus considered a nonpathogenic strain (i. nagy ...201121705602
in vitro inactivation of endodontic pathogens with nd:yag and er:yag lasers.both nd:yag and er:yag lasers have been suggested as root canal disinfection aids. the aim of this in vitro study is to compare both wavelengths in terms of irradiation dose required for microbial inactivation, to quantify these irradiation doses and to investigate the influence of certain (laser) parameters on the antimicrobial efficacy. agar plates containing a uniform layer of enterococcus faecalis, candida albicans or propionibacterium acnes were mounted perpendicularly underneath the laser ...201121691826
tyrosinase activity of greyia flanaganii (bolus) constituents.hyper-pigmentation of the skin is a common problem that is prevalent in middle aged and elderly people. it is caused by over production of melanin. tyrosinase is known to be the key enzyme in melanin production. ethanolic extract of greyia flanaganii leaves showed significant (p<0.05) antityrosinase activity exhibiting the ic(50) of 32.62++g/ml. the total extract was further investigated for its toxicity and effect on melanin production by melanocytes cells, and showed significant inhibition (p< ...201121680165
deep wound infection following pediatric scoliosis surgery: incidence and analysis of risk factors.deep wound infection after spinal surgery is a severe complication that often requires prolonged medical and surgical management. it can compromise the outcome of the deformity correction, especially in patients requiring surgical intervention with subsequent removal of implants. ascertaining the incidence and risk factors leading to infection may help to prevent this problem.201121658334
pathogenesis of acne vulgaris: what's new, what's interesting and what may be clinically relevant.acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder seen in dermatology and primary care offices today with significant associated morbidity. the pathogenesis of acne is complex and multifactorial, and there continues to be an influx of new information to increase our understanding of this chronic disease. recent advances in acne pathogenesis will be discussed, including theories regarding the sequence of events in acne formation, the functions of p. acnes, tlr involvement and role of the sebaceous g ...201121637898
sterility of posterior elements of the spine in posterior correction surgery.abstract: study design. prospective clinical series.objective. to investigate the sterility of the posterior elements of the spine during posterior correction surgery.summary of background data: bacterial growth in the operating field is considered one of the causes of surgical-site infection.methods: eighty consecutive patients (mean age 19.5 years) who underwent posterior correction surgery for spinal deformities were included in the study. during surgery, specimens for bacterial culture were ...201121629158
nickel allergy-promoting effects of microbial or inflammatory substances at the sensitization step in mice.microbial components stimulate innate immunity via toll-like receptors (tlrs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptors (nlrs), and/or il-1. we recently reported that in mice, escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps, tlr4-ligand) promotes allergic responses to nickel (ni) at both the sensitization and elicitation steps. here, we examined in mice the effects of administering other microbial or inflammatory materials at the ni-sensitization step. a mixture of 1mm nicl(2) and ...201121621645
a descriptive study of bacterial load of full-thickness surgical wounds in dermatologic surgery.background surgical site infections (ssis) after dermatologic surgery cause pain, prolong healing, result in unaesthetic complications, and lead to excessive use of antibiotics. the pathogenesis of wound infections is complex and is dependent on bacterial load and diversity, among several factors. objective to investigate bacterial dynamics at dermatosurgical sites at different time intervals and assess the correlation with postoperative outcomes and to examine different endo- and exogenous fact ...201121615603
efficacy of preoperative home use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth before shoulder surgery.hypothesis: deep infection after shoulder surgery is a rare but devastating problem. this study tested the hypothesis that the home application of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth before shoulder surgery would be more efficacious than a standard shower of soap and water at decreasing the preoperative cutaneous levels of pathogenic bacteria on the shoulder. materials and methods: this randomized, prospective study evaluated 100 consecutive patients undergoing shoulder surgery. patients were ran ...201121612945
in-vivo effectiveness of adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel on antibiotic-sensitive and resistant propionibacterium acnes.background: a gel combination treatment containing a retinoid (adapalene 0.1%) and an antimicrobial (benzoyl peroxide 2.5%) has been shown to be an effective treatment for acne vulgaris, addressing three of the four pathogenic factors (hyperkeratinization, propionibacterium acnes proliferation, inflammation) without contributing to the incidence of propionibacterium acnes antibiotic resistance as neither the retinoid nor benzoyl peroxide creates selective pressure for resistance. objective: to e ...201121607190
detection of nine microorganisms from the initial carious root lesions using a taqman-based real-time pcr.oral diseases (2011) objective:  the purpose of this study was to quantify nine selected cariogenic bacteria in plaque from sound root surfaces and initial carious root lesions using taqman pcr and to analyse a putative dependence on the kind of initial periodontal treatment. material and methods:  fifty-four subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated to one of the following initial periodontal therapies: full-mouth disinfection, full-mouth scaling and root planing o ...201121605286
acne analysis, grading and computational assessment methods: an overview.introduction: this paper presents a comprehensive review of acne grading and measurement. acne is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous units, with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and propionibacterium acnes activity. most patients are affected with acne vulgaris, which is the prevalent type of acne. acne vulgaris consists of comedones (whitehead and blackhead), papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. objectives: to review and identify the issues fo ...201121605170
propionibacterium acnes infection of the elbow. 201121602062
microbiology specimens obtained at the time of surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease: clinical yield and cost analysis.objectives: in efforts to obtain complete results, current practice in surgical lung biopsy (lb) for interstitial lung disease (ild) recommends sending lung tissue samples for bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and viral cultures. this study assesses the value of this practice by evaluating the microbiology findings obtained from lb for ild and their associated costs. methods: a total of 296 consecutive patients (140 women, 156 men, median age=61 years) underwent lb for ild from 2002 to 2009. all ...201121601471
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