Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| rapid and specific identification of 5 human pathogenic vibrio species by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeted to dnaj gene. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, specifically designed for application in routine diagnostic laboratories, was developed for identifying 5 human pathogen vibrio species: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio mimicus, and vibrio alginolyticus. this assay directed toward the dnaj gene was tested on a total of 355 strains representing 13 vibrio species and 17 non-vibrio species. specific pcr fragments were produced in isolates belonging to the 5 targ ... | 2007 | 17614235 |
| pathogenic bacteria associated with oysters (crassostrea brasiliana) and estuarine water along the south coast of brazil. | oysters and estuarine water samples were collected monthly, from june 1998 to march 1999, in the cananéia estuary, on the south coast of são paulo, brazil, and analyzed for bacterial hazards with and without depuration in filtered estuarine water. aeromonas spp., plesiomonas shigelloides, vibrio cholerae o1, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus were counted in oyster samples using the most probable number (mpn) and their presence verified in the surrounding estuarine water samples. the ... | 2007 | 17613090 |
| vibrio vulnificus damages macrophages during the early phase of infection. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that can cause primary septicemia as well as serious wound infections. generally, clinical isolates have a high lethal effect compared with environmental isolates. however, little is known about the mechanisms by which v. vulnificus causes disease. in this study, we compared the pathogenicity of a clinical isolate, strain m2799, with that of an environmental isolate, strain jcm3731. the clinical isolate showed 100 times higher lethality in mice than th ... | 2007 | 17591793 |
| catecholamine-induced stimulation of growth in vibrio species. | to evaluate the effect of norepinephrine (ne) and related compounds on the growth of bacteria, we have examined the effect of the neuroendocrine hormone ne and related compounds on the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other human-pathogenic vibrio species (vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio mimicus). | 2007 | 17576228 |
| gene expression and localization of the epinecidin-1 antimicrobial peptide in the grouper (epinephelus coioides), and its role in protecting fish against pathogenic infection. | epinecidin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide and plays a vital role in protecting fish against pathogenic infection. as a mimic of a grouper epinecidin-1 peptide, it has tertiary structures that closely resemble those of pleurocidin found in the winter flounder (pleuronectes americanus). the tissue-specific, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulation-specific, and poly(i):poly(c)-stimulation-specific expressions of the grouper (epinephelus coioides) epinecidin-1 antimicrobial peptide were determined using ... | 2007 | 17570764 |
| role of type iv pilins in persistence of vibrio vulnificus in crassostrea virginica oysters. | vibrio vulnificus is part of the natural estuarine microflora and accumulates in shellfish through filter feeding. it is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated fatalities in the united states mainly through consumption of raw oysters. previously we have shown that a v. vulnificus mutant unable to express pild, the type iv prepilin peptidase, does not express pili on the surface of the bacterium and is defective in adherence to human epithelial cells (r. n. paranjpye, j. c. lara, j. c ... | 2007 | 17557854 |
| [isolation and identification of species from the genera aeromonas, vibrio, and plesiomonas from extraintestinal samples in cuba]. | extraintestinal infections caused by the genera aeromonas, vibrio and plesiomonas have high morbidity and mortality rates in different areas of world. from january 2002 to december 2003, the national reference laboratory for acute diarrhoeal diseases of the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute received 95 gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase positive bacilli strains from different extraintestinal specimen (blood, ear exudates, infected wounds, conjunctive exudates, urine, and cathete ... | 2007 | 17554439 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a new fish-virulent vibrio vulnificus serovar that lacks potential to infect humans. | vibrio vulnificus is a bacterial species that is virulent for humans and fish. human isolates are classified into biotypes 1 and 3 (bt1 and bt3) and fish isolates into biotype 2 (bt2). however, a few human infections caused by bt2 isolates have been reported worldwide (zoonosis). these bt2 human isolates belong to serovar e (sere), which is also present in diseased fish. the aim of the present work was to characterize a new bt2 serovar [serovar a (sera)], which emerged in the european fish-farmi ... | 2007 | 17526849 |
| identification of quorum sensing-related regulons in vibrio vulnificus by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentially displayed reverse transcriptase pcr. | vibrio vulnificus is thought to employ a quorum-sensing system to control the expression of a global gene. in this study, proteomes and transcriptomes of a lacz null mutant, vvsr delta z, and a luxs-smcr double mutant, vvsr delta zsr, were compared with the parent strain, vvar, by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-page) and differentially displayed reverse transcriptase pcr (ddrt-pcr). 2d-page analysis showed that 36 protein spots were differentially expressed, 14 of which have be ... | 2007 | 17506728 |
| identification and characterization of the vibrio vulnificus rtxa essential for cytotoxicity in vitro and virulence in mice. | a mutant exhibiting decreased cytotoxic activity toward int-407 intestinal epithelial cells and carrying a mutation in the rtx gene cluster that consists of rtxca and rtxbde operons was screened from a library of v. vulnificus mutants. the functions of the rtxa gene, assessed by constructing an isogenic mutant and evaluating its phenotypic changes, demonstrated that rtxa is essential for the virulence of v. vulnificus in mice as well as in tissue cultures. | 2007 | 17483800 |
| a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from vibrio vulnificus with both blue fluorescence and oxidoreductase activity. | a dual function blue fluorescent protein from vibrio vulnificus is also an nadph-dependent oxidoreductase, rendering it a useful tool for biophysical studies. | 2007 | 17476406 |
| production of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe begins during the early growth phase: usefulness of gelatin-zymography. | recent studies have demonstrated that expression of the vvpe gene begins during the early growth phase albeit at low levels. however, we found that the traditional protease assay method that is used to measure caseinolytic activity in culture supernatants is not suitable for the measurement of extracellular vvpe that is produced at low levels during the early growth phase. by using gelatin-zymography in place of the protease assay, we could specifically detect only vvpe of several proteases prod ... | 2007 | 17467832 |
| synergistic antimicrobial effect of cefotaxime and minocycline on proinflammatory cytokine levels in a murine model of vibrio vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus causes primary bacteremia and necrotizing wound infection, leading to high morbidity and mortality in humans. this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of cefotaxime and minocycline on proinflammatory cytokine levels in a murine model of v. vulnificus infection. | 2007 | 17446960 |
| ligand-induced folding of the adenosine deaminase a-riboswitch and implications on riboswitch translational control. | by using a structure-based fluorescence spectroscopic approach, we have examined the folding of an adenine-responsive riboswitch that regulates translation initiation. we observed adaptive recognition of the ligand for the aptamer domain of adenosine deaminase (add) mrna from vibrio vulnificus, and revealed pronounced conformational changes even in the preorganized loop-loop region that is distant from the binding site. importantly, the full-length riboswitch domain, which has a potential transl ... | 2007 | 17440909 |
| the hlyu protein is a positive regulator of rtxa1, a gene responsible for cytotoxicity and virulence in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that preferentially infects compromised iron-overloaded patients, causing a fatal primary septicemia with very rapid progress, resulting in a high mortality rate. in this study we determined that the hlyu protein, a virulence factor in v. vulnificus cmcp6, up-regulates the expression of vv20479, a homologue of the vibrio cholerae rtx (repeats in toxin) toxin gene that we named rtxa1. this gene is part of an operon together with two other open ... | 2007 | 17438022 |
| recovery and detection of vibrio vulnificus during cold storage. | different cultural techniques and molecular methods for the detection of vibrio vulnificus during cold storage in a model broth system were compared. two strains of v. vulnificus were grown to stationary phase and inoculated (10(6) cfu/ml) into tryptic soy broth with 2% sodium chloride (tsbn2) or artificial seawater (asw), both pre-chilled to 5 degrees c. these were stored for 10 days, with sub-sampling conducted at time 0 and every 2 days thereafter. each subsample was plated, by both pour and ... | 2007 | 17418319 |
| surface properties of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus adheres to a diverse range of surfaces, ranging from the chitinous exoskeleton of mollusks to human tissue. to determine whether environmental and human clinical isolates exhibit different adhesion traits, we studied the ability of 10 environmental isolates and 10 clinical isolates to adhere to human epithelial cells and hydrocarbons with log p values ranging from 3.1 to 8.2. | 2007 | 17397482 |
| growth response of vibrio cholerae and other vibrio spp. to cyanobacterial dissolved organic matter and temperature in brackish water. | environmental control of growth and persistence of vibrios in aquatic environments is poorly understood even though members of the genus vibrio are globally important pathogens. to study how algal-derived organic matter and temperature influenced the abundance of different vibrio spp., baltic sea microcosms inoculated with vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and native bacterioplankton, were exposed to different temperatures (12-25 degrees c) and ame ... | 2007 | 17386033 |
| thermal factors influencing detection of vibrio vulnificus using real-time pcr. | five thermal factors, including initial denaturation temperature, cycling denaturation temperature, annealing temperature, extension temperature and the temperature at which the intensity of the fluorescent signal is read, were evaluated for their effects on the detection of vibrio vulnificus via real-time pcr. fluorescent signal detection after extension was set between the tm value of the primer-dimers (79 degrees c) and that of the pcr target amplicons (84 degrees c). this effectively elimina ... | 2007 | 17383036 |
| the pyrh gene of vibrio vulnificus is an essential in vivo survival factor. | we have suggested an important role of the pyrh gene during the infectious process of vibrio vulnificus. previously, we have identified 12 genes expressed preferentially during human infections by using in vivo-induced antigen technology. among the in vivo-expressed genes, pyrh encodes ump kinase catalyzing ump phosphorylation. introduction of a deletion mutation to the pyrh gene was lethal to v. vulnificus, and an insertional mutant showed a high frequency of curing. we constructed a site-direc ... | 2007 | 17371864 |
| chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci can diminish large-scale genome reductions in the absence of selection. | superintegrons (sis) are chromosomal genetic elements containing assemblies of genes, each flanked by a recombination sequence (attc site) targeted by the integron integrase. sis may contain hundreds of attc sites and intrinsic instability is anticipated; yet sis are remarkably stable. this implies that either selective pressure maintains the genes or mechanisms exist which favour their persistence in the absence of selection. toxin/antitoxin (ta) systems encode a stable toxin and a specific, un ... | 2007 | 17367382 |
| comment on "vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus necrotising fasciitis in fishermen visiting an estuarine tropical northern australia location". | 2007 | 17350104 | |
| [studies on vibrio vulnificus infection: molecular epidemiology of environment-derived strains and clinical isolates]. | to clarify the route and source of vibrio vulnificus infection, we conducted molecular epidemiological investigation by dna analysis of 355 environmental isolates (seawater-derived strain: 86, sea mud-derived strain:36, and oyster-derived strain: 233) and 65 human clinical isolates, for a total of 420 isolates, using pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge), with the following results. 1. when dna was cleaved with 2 enzymes, not i and sfi i, and subjected to pfge, not i dna interpretation was 76.9 ... | 2007 | 17338316 |
| refined medium for direct isolation of vibrio vulnificus from oyster tissue and seawater. | we have developed a new medium for the direct isolation of vibrio vulnificus from water and oyster samples. the medium was shown in laboratory and field studies to be highly selective without providing preferential isolation of either v. vulnificus genotype. | 2007 | 17337558 |
| necrotizing soft-tissue infections and sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus compared with those caused by aeromonas species. | vibrio and aeromonas species, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis and primary septicemia, are members of the vibrionaceae family and thrive in aquatic environments. because the clinical symptoms and signs of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by these two bacteria are similar, the purposes of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of vibrio vulnificus and aeromonas infections, to analyze the risk factors for death, and to compare the effects of surgical treatment on the ... | 2007 | 17332113 |
| occurrence of vibrio spp. in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from the german wadden sea. | the present study aimed at determining the contamination of blue mussels grown in germany with relevant bacterial organisms. seasonal variations were examined. for that purpose, mussel samples were taken regularly between june 2004 and may 2005 in seven shellfish-growing areas of the german wadden sea. a total of 90 samples were analysed. the analysis included the compulsory microbiological parameters escherichia coli and salmonella spp., as well as the determination of the contamination with vi ... | 2007 | 17331605 |
| shewanella infection in decompensated liver disease: a septic case. | shewanella species are an unusual cause of disease in humans. however, reports of shewanella infections have been increasing, and hepatobiliary disease has been proposed as a predisposing factor following a critical course. we report the first japanese septic case of decompensated liver disease in which this bacterium acted as a definite pathogen. a 67-year-old japanese man with primary sclerosing cholangitis was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever, general fatigue, pain, and a rash on ... | 2007 | 17322999 |
| serological and molecular characteristics of vibrio vulnificus biotype 3: evidence for high clonality. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 has been implicated as the causative pathogen of an ongoing disease outbreak that erupted in israel in 1996. recent work based on multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) showed that v. vulnificus biotype 3 is genetically homogeneous. the aim of this study was to investigate the existence of subpopulations within this homogeneous biotype by characterizing the surface antigens and analysing the sequence diversity of selected outer-membrane protein (omp)-encoding genes. rabbi ... | 2007 | 17322205 |
| the role of quorum sensing and the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation by strains of vibrio vulnificus. | it has been suggested that vibrio vulnificus attaches to plankton and algae and is found in large numbers in the environment. factors affecting attachment, biofilm formation and morphology of v. vulnificus have not been thoroughly investigated. this study evaluated the role of quorum sensing (qs) and environmental conditions on biofilm development of v. vulnificus. it was found that biofilm development by v. vulnificus was affected by nutrient and glucose concentration, but not by nacl concentra ... | 2006 | 17290858 |
| membrane cholesterol is required for activity of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) forms a pore in the plasma membrane and induces cytolysis of various cells including erythrocytes, neutrophil and endothelial cells. the cytolytic activity of vvc is inhibited by exogenously added cholesterol, suggesting that membrane cholesterol might be required for vvc cytolytic activity. however, there is no direct evidence that membrane cholesterol is involved in vvc-induced cytolysis. herein we demonstrate that membrane cholesterol is required for binding ... | 2007 | 17285326 |
| multiplex pcr assay for detection of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 and simultaneous discrimination of serovar e strains. | in the present work we develop a multiplex pcr assay for the detection and identification of the fish pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with discriminating potential for zoonotic strains (serovar e). the pcr assay allowed the identification of two new biotype 2 serovar e human isolates from culture collections. finally, the multiplex was successfully applied to both diagnosis and carrier detection in field samples. | 2007 | 17277209 |
| vibrio vulnificus-necrotizing fasciitis in patient with cirrhosis. | 2007 | 17268133 | |
| vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe is essentially required for swarming. | bacterial swarming constitutes a good in vitro model for surface adherence and colonization, and is accompanied by expressions of virulence factors related to invasiveness. in this study, it was determined that vibrio vulnificus swarming was abolished by mutation of the vvpe gene encoding a metalloprotease vvpe and this swarming defect was recovered by complementation of the vvpe gene. expression of the vvpe gene began simultaneously with the beginning of swarming and increased along with expres ... | 2007 | 17263846 |
| necrotizing fasciitis from vibrio vulnificus in a patient with undiagnosed hepatitis and cirrhosis. | necrotizing fasciitis due to vibrio vulnificus may result in overwhelming sepsis, leading to death in some patients. significant risk factors for severe disease include preexisting liver disease. we report a case of vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with previously undiagnosed chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. | 2007 | 17251404 |
| role of ntrc in biofilm formation via controlling expression of the gene encoding an adp-glycero-manno-heptose-6-epimerase in the pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus. | to identify the genetic elements required for biofilm formation, we screened a pool of random vibrio vulnificus mutants for their ability to form biofilms. one mutant displaying significantly decreased biofilm-forming activity was found to contain a transposon insertion in the ntrc gene. the ntrc gene encodes a well-known transcriptional activator. we examined how this regulator modulates a biofilm-forming process in v. vulnificus by searching for ntrc target gene(s). comparison of the proteomes ... | 2007 | 17241201 |
| positive regulation of fur gene expression via direct interaction of fur in a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus. | in pathogenic bacteria, the ability to acquire iron, which is mainly regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (fur), is essential to maintain growth as well as its virulence. in vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen causing gastroenteritis and septicemia, fur gene expression is positively regulated by fur when the iron concentration is limited (h.-j. lee et al., j. bacteriol. 185:5891-5896, 2003). footprinting analysis revealed that an upstream region of the fur gene was protected by the fur prote ... | 2007 | 17237166 |
| first description of nonmotile vibrio vulnificus strains virulent for eels. | nonmotile vibrio vulnificus strains were isolated as pure cultures from body ulcers and internal organs of wild diseased european eels caught in a mediterranean freshwater coastal lagoon. all 54 v. vulnificus isolates were nonmotile, indole-, ornithine decarboxilase-, mannitol- and cellobiose-positive, developed the opaque variant in culture, belonged to the o-antigenic serovar a and were highly virulent for eels by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenges. the nonmotile phenotype ... | 2007 | 17233719 |
| simultaneous flow cytometric assessment for cellular types and phagocytic abilities of the haemocytes of the hard clam, meretrix lusoria. | the aim of this study was to devise a simple protocol for flow cytometric analysis to separate various haemocytic populations of the hard clam meretrix lusoria based on the mitochondrial membrane potential diversity detected by the fluorescence probe 3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (dioc6). compared with the traditional technique for separation of haemocytic populations, continuous percoll gradient centrifugation, our novel method was more efficient and yielded a higher ratio in separating the ... | 2007 | 17218115 |
| the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor gene of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella encodes two distinct inhibitors. | the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (impi) from the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, represents the first and to date only specific inhibitor of microbial metalloproteinases reported from animals. here, we report on the characterization including carbohydrate analysis of two recombinant constructs encoded by impi cdna either upstream or downstream of the furin cleavage site identified. rimpi-1, corresponding to native impi purified from hemolymph, is encoded by the n-terminal part of th ... | 2007 | 17214556 |
| supra dietary levels of vitamins c and e enhance antibody production and immune memory in juvenile milkfish, chanos chanos (forsskal) to formalin-killed vibrio vulnificus. | juveniles of milkfish, chanos chanos (forsskal), were fed two independent supra dietary levels of vitamins c (500 and 1500 mg kg(-1) feed, t1 and t2) and e (50 and 150 mg kg(-1), t3 and t4). milkfish fed diets with supra (in addition to the vitamins present in the control diet) and normal levels (t5 containing 90 and 1.2mg of vitamins c and e, respectively, kg(-1) of feed) of vitamins were immunized (ip) with formalin-killed vibrio vulnificus (fkvv). priming and booster antibody responses to the ... | 2007 | 17208456 |
| vibrio vulnificus peritonitis after eating raw sea fish in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). | 2007 | 17205959 | |
| susceptibility of the heat-, acid-, and bile-adapted vibrio vulnificus to lethal low-salinity stress. | as a marine pathogenic bacterium that inhabits seawater or seafood, vibrio vulnificus encounters low salinity and other stresses in the natural environment and during food processing. this investigation explores the cross-protective response of sublethal heat-, acid-, or bile-adapted v. vulnificus yj03 against lethal low-salinity stress. experimental results reveal that the acid (ph 4.4)- and heat (41 degrees c)-adapted v. vulnificus were not cross-protected against the lethal low-salinity chall ... | 2006 | 17186660 |
| surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water--united states, 2003-2004. | since 1971, cdc, the u.s. environmental protection agency, and the council of state and territorial epidemiologists have collaboratively maintained the waterborne disease and outbreak surveillance system for collecting and reporting waterborne disease and outbreak (wbdo)-related data. in 1978, wbdos associated with recreational water (natural and treated water) were added. this system is the primary source of data regarding the scope and effects of wbdos in the united states. | 2006 | 17183230 |
| [a collective review of vibrio vulnificus infection in japan]. | vibrio vulnificus is found globally in marine coastal waters. infection with this organism, via ingestion of raw shellfish or exposure to marine water, can cause necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, which have high mortality and short latency. in japan, many cases have been reported since 1980, mainly from hospitals in western prefectures. however, because of the sporadic nature of infection outbreaks, a thorough epidemiologic survey has not been done. we studied the epidemiological and clinical ch ... | 2006 | 17176855 |
| structural basis for sequence-dependent dna cleavage by nonspecific endonucleases. | nonspecific endonucleases hydrolyze dna without sequence specificity but with sequence preference, however the structural basis for cleavage preference remains elusive. we show here that the nonspecific endonuclease cole7 cleaves dna with a preference for making nicks after (at 3'o-side) thymine bases but the periplasmic nuclease vvn cleaves dna more evenly with little sequence preference. the crystal structure of the 'preferred complex' of the nuclease domain of cole7 bound to an 18 bp dna with ... | 2007 | 17175542 |
| rapid detection of vibrio species using liquid microsphere arrays and real-time pcr targeting the ftsz locus. | the development of rapid and sensitive molecular techniques for the detection of vibrio species would be useful for the surveillance of sporadic infections and management of major outbreaks. comparative sequence analysis of the ftsz gene in the predominant vibrio species that cause human disease revealed distinct alleles for each examined species, including vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. light upon extension (lux) real-time pcr assays were developed to target the ... | 2007 | 17172518 |
| ferrophilic characteristics of vibrio vulnificus and potential usefulness of iron chelation therapy. | we determined the ferrophilic characteristics of vibrio vulnificus to evaluate the potential usefulness of iron chelation therapy for the prevention of v. vulnificus infection. readily available non-transferrin-bound iron (ntbi) is required for the initiation of v. vulnificus growth under in vitro iron-limited conditions and human ex vivo conditions. ntbi aided efficient transferrin-bound iron (tbi) use by v. vulnificus, and the vulnibactin-mediated iron-uptake system was expressed after bacteri ... | 2007 | 17152012 |
| vibrio extracellular protease with prothrombin activation and fibrinolytic activities. | a 36 kda extracellular metalloprotease (designated to as vep-mo6) was purified and characterized from vibrio vulnificus sp. strain mo6 24/0. vep-mo6 cleaved azocasein and a few other proteins such as prothrombin, plasminogen, fibrinogen and factor xa, which are associated with the blood coagulation pathway. the enzyme activity of vep-mo6 was inhibited by edta, which was reversed by the addition of excess divalent cations. vep-mo6 showed little or no activity toward various chromogenic substrates ... | 2007 | 17143560 |
| identification of vibrio isolates by a multiplex pcr assay and rpob sequence determination. | vibrio, a diverse genus of aquatic bacteria, currently includes 72 species, 12 of which occur in human clinical samples. of these 12, three species--vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus-account for the majority of vibrio infections in humans. rapid and accurate identification of vibrio species has been problematic because phenotypic characteristics are variable within species and biochemical identification requires 2 or more days to complete. to facilitate the identifi ... | 2007 | 17093013 |
| vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe has no direct effect on iron-uptake from human hemoglobin. | this study was designed to determine whether or not vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe can promote iron uptake via the proteolytic cleavage of human hemoglobin. we found that v. vulnificus utilized hemoglobin as an iron source more efficiently via the vulnibactin-mediated iron-uptake system than via the hupa-mediated iron-uptake system and, of the proteases produced by v. vulnificus, vvpe was found to be the only protease capable of destroying hemoglobin. however, vvpe expression, on both th ... | 2006 | 17082748 |
| necrotising fasciitis causing compartment syndrome of the forearm and septic shock due to vibrio vulnificus: a case report. | compartment syndrome caused by necrotising fasciitis has rarely been described. we report a case of systemic vibrio vulnificus necrotising fasciitis presented with compartmental syndrome of the forearm and septic shock. the patient was treated with systemic antibiotic treatment and urgent surgical decompression followed by multiple necrotic tissue debridements. the patient recovered with some limited motion of the hand function. prompt recognition and immediate treatment with antibiotics and sur ... | 2006 | 17080535 |
| antibacterial spectrum of plant polyphenols and extracts depending upon hydroxyphenyl structure. | the relationship between the structure and antibacterial activity of 22 polyphenols was analyzed by using minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) as a criterion against 26 species of bacteria which can grow in mueller-hinton medium. there was no clear correlation between gram-staining and bacterial susceptibility to polyphenols, and the extent of the susceptibility was approximately dependent on the species of bacteria. in the same gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial activity of the polyphe ... | 2006 | 17077519 |
| a real-time pcr assay for the rapid determination of 16s rrna genotype in vibrio vulnificus. | in a terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (t-rflp) study, we recently reported a significant association between the type b 16s rrna gene and clinical strains of vibrio vulnificus associated with the consumption of raw oysters. in the present study we describe a real-time pcr assay for the rapid determination of the 16s rrna type of v. vulnificus isolates. this assay was used to reexamine the 16s rrna gene type in the strains studied previously by t-rflp and additional isolates from select ... | 2007 | 17070612 |
| prognostic factors and antibiotics in vibrio vulnificus septicemia. | immunocompromised patients with vibrio vulnificus septicemia are at high risk for fatality. when a hemorrhagic bullous necrotic cutaneous lesion (hbncl) and decreased blood pressure develop, approximately 50% of v vulnificus septicemic patients die within 48 hours. this study aimed to evaluate the risk factor(s) for fatality among patients with v vulnificus septicemia, emphasizing the role of prescribed antimicrobial agents in general and the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of a third-ge ... | 2006 | 17060542 |
| the structure of vibrio cholerae extracellular endonuclease i reveals the presence of a buried chloride ion. | the crystal structure of a periplasmic/extracellular endonuclease from vibrio cholerae has been solved at low and at neutral ph. crystals grown at ph 4.6 and 6.9 diffracted to 1.6 a (on bm01a at the esrf) and 1.95 a (on a rotating-anode generator), respectively. the structures of the endonuclease were compared with the structure of a homologous enzyme in v. vulnificus. the structures of the v. cholerae enzyme at different ph values are essentially identical to each other and to the v. vulnificus ... | 2006 | 17057343 |
| rapid separation and concentration of food-borne pathogens in food samples prior to quantification by viable-cell counting and real-time pcr. | buoyant density gradient centrifugation has been used to separate bacteria from complex food matrices, as well as to remove compounds that inhibit rapid detection methods, such as pcr, and to prevent false-positive results due to dna originating from dead cells. applying a principle of buoyant density gradient centrifugation, we developed a method for rapid separation and concentration following filtration and low- and high-speed centrifugation, as well as flotation and sedimentation buoyant den ... | 2007 | 17056684 |
| osborn wave in hypothermia from vibrio vunificus sepsis unrelated to exposure. | a 58 year old man with history of cirrhosis presented with vibrio vunificus sepsis. the patient developed multiorgan failure despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and fluid resuscitation. the patient developed moderate hypothermia. electrocardiography showed osborn wave. osborn wave is commonly seen in accidental hypothermia. although sepsis is known to cause hypothermia, osborn wave in sepsis is not widely appreciated. | 2007 | 17046085 |
| vibrio vulnificus bacteremia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and hepatic cirrhosis: relation to host and exposure factors in 252 v. vulnificus infections reported in louisiana. | vibrio vulnificus infection in persons with b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) or hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported infrequently. | 2006 | 17031249 |
| two type iv pili of vibrio parahaemolyticus play different roles in biofilm formation. | vibrio parahaemolyticus rimd2210633 has two sets of type iv-a pilus genes. one set is similar to that found in other gram-negative bacteria, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae (chitin-regulated pilus; chirp), and vibrio vulnificus. the other is homologous to the genes for the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) pilus. in this study, we analyzed the effects of the deletions in the pilin genes for each type iv pilus (the chirp and the msha pilus) on biofilm formation. although the ... | 2006 | 17020553 |
| lysine decarboxylase expression by vibrio vulnificus is induced by soxr in response to superoxide stress. | lysine decarboxylase expression by vibrio vulnificus, which is up-regulated by cadc in response to acid stress, is also induced by soxr in response to superoxide stress. soxr binds to the promoter region of the cadba operon, coding for a lysine-cadaverine antiporter (cadb) and a lysine decarboxylase (cada). the induction of cadba transcription by soxr is independent of cadc. cadaverine, which neutralizes the external medium, also appears to scavenge superoxide radicals, since increasing cellular ... | 2006 | 17012399 |
| identification of ompu of vibrio vulnificus as a fibronectin-binding protein and its role in bacterial pathogenesis. | vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastroenteritis and primary septicemia. to identify factors involved in microbial adherence to the host cells, we investigated bacterial proteins capable of binding to fibronectin, one of the main components comprised of the extracellular matrix of mammalian cells. a protein of approximately 35 kda was purified from the extracts of v. vulnificus by its property to bind to immobilized fibronectin. this protein was identified as ompu, one of ... | 2006 | 16988233 |
| validation of a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of vibrio vulnificus for use in the evaluation of postharvest strategies for handling of raw oysters. | in this paper we describe a biological indicator which can be used to study the behavior of vibrio vulnificus, an important molluscan shellfish-associated human pathogen. a v. vulnificus atcc 27562 derivative that expresses green fluorescent protein (gfp) and kanamycin resistance was constructed using conjugation. strain validation was performed by comparing the gfp-expressing strain (vv-gfp) and the wild-type strain (vv-wt) with respect to growth characteristics, heat tolerance (45 degrees c), ... | 2006 | 16980431 |
| cutaneous injury and vibrio vulnificus infection. | 2006 | 16972360 | |
| transcriptional regulatory cascade for elastase production in vibrio vulnificus: luxo activates luxt expression and luxt represses smcr expression. | vibrio vulnificus causes diseases through actions of various virulence factors, including the elastase encoded by the vvpe gene. through transposon mutagenesis of v. vulnificus, vvpe expression was shown to be increased by luxo mutation. since the vvpe gene is known to be positively regulated by smcr via direct binding to the vvpe promoter, the role of luxo in smcr expression was investigated. the luxab-transcriptional fusions containing different lengths of the smcr promoter region indicated th ... | 2006 | 16971386 |
| vibrio vulnificus wound infections after contact with the baltic sea, germany. | 2006 | 16966781 | |
| development of monoclonal antibodies for simple identification of vibrio alginolyticus. | the present study was aimed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) for simple and specific identification of vibrio alginolyticus infection in shrimp. | 2006 | 16965376 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection and metalloprotease. | vibrio vulnificus is ubiquitous in aquatic environments; however, it occasionally causes serious and often fatal infections in humans. these include invasive septicemia contracted through consumption of raw seafood, as well as wound infections acquired through contact with brackish or marine waters. in most cases of septicemia, the patients have underlying disease(s), such as liver dysfunction or alcoholic cirrhosis, and the secondary skin lesions including cellulitis, edema and hemorrhagic bull ... | 2006 | 16958802 |
| genetic distinctions among clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus causes rare but frequently fatal septicemia associated with raw oyster consumption by persons with underlying hepatic or immune system dysfunction. the virulence potential of environmental reservoirs appears widely distributed, because most strains are virulent in animal models; however, several investigations recently demonstrated genetic divergence among strains from clinical versus environmental origin at independent genetic loci. the present study used pcr to screen dna pol ... | 2006 | 16957239 |
| aphb influences acid tolerance of vibrio vulnificus by activating expression of the positive regulator cadc. | a mutant of vibrio vulnificus that was more sensitive to low ph was screened from a library of mutants constructed by random transposon mutagenesis. by use of a transposon-tagging method, an open reading frame encoding a lysr homologue, aphb, was identified and cloned from v. vulnificus. the deduced amino acid sequence of aphb from v. vulnificus was 80% identical to that reported from v. cholerae. a mutational analysis demonstrated that the gene product of aphb contributes to acid tolerance of v ... | 2006 | 16952939 |
| climate change and the emergence of vibrio vulnificus disease in israel. | in 1996, a major unexplained outbreak of systemic vibrio vulnificus infection erupted among israeli fish market workers. the origins of this emergent infectious disease have not been fully understood. a possible link between climate change and disease emergence is being investigated. meteorological service data from 1981, the earliest detection and reporting of v. vulnificus for the time in israel, to 1998 for two stations located within the main inland fish farm industry were analyzed. the 1996 ... | 2007 | 16949069 |
| rapid quantification of vibrio vulnificus in clams (protochaca staminea) using real-time pcr. | we used a rapid dna extraction and purification method to obtain the dna from vibrio vulnificus seeded into clam tissue homogenates for real-time pcr quantification of the organism. without enrichment, the limit of detection was 1 x 10(2) cfu/g of tissue with a linear detection range of 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(8) cfu/g. with a 5 h non-selective enrichment, the limit of detection was 1 cfu/g of tissue with a linear detection range of 1 to 1 x 10(6) cfu/g of tissue. we found a 10-fold higher detection ... | 2006 | 16943079 |
| a fatal case of vibrio vulnificus septicemia from a nongulf state: a public health alert for patients with chronic liver disease. | 2006 | 16938606 | |
| capsular polysaccharide phase variation in vibrio vulnificus. | commonly found in raw oysters, vibrio vulnificus poses a serious health threat to immunocompromised individuals and those with serum iron overload, with a fatality rate of approximately 50%. an essential virulence factor is its capsular polysaccharide (cps), which is responsible for a significant increase in virulence compared to nonencapsulated strains. however, this bacterium is known to vary the amount of cps expressed on the cell surface, converting from an opaque (op) colony phenotype to a ... | 2006 | 16936057 |
| endotoxin shock due to vibrio vulnificus infection. | a 54-year-old man with hepatitis c fell into shock with symptoms similar to enterocolitis after ingesting an undercooked barbecued mackerel. most of his eruptions developed into annular erythema with small vesicles. he had taken high dose corticosteroids with intravenous cefotiam. his eruptions improved, but his shock state was exacerbated on day 2. treatment for endotoxin shock was initiated using piperacillin, intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), and hemoperfusion with polymyxin b immobilized fi ... | 2006 | 16935803 |
| purification and characterization of a lectin from the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis hemolymph. | a lectin from the hemolymph of the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis was purified by affinity chromatography on a fetuin-agarose column following by gel filtration on a superose-12 column. the native molecular mass of purified f. merguiensis lectin (fml) determined by gel filtration was 316.2 kda and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 4.4%. by sds-page analysis, purified fml consisted of 32.3 kda and 30.9 kda subunits. these data suggest that this lectin is an oligomer. two-dime ... | 2007 | 16934939 |
| effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water treatment on reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters. | contamination of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in oysters is a food safety concern. this study investigated effects of electrolyzed oxidizing (eo) water treatment on reducing v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in laboratory-contaminated oysters. eo water exhibited strong antibacterial activity against v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in pure cultures. populations of v. parahaemolyticus (8.74 x 10(7) cfu/ml) and v. vulnificus (8.69 x 10(7) cfu/ml) decreased quickly in eo w ... | 2006 | 16924906 |
| vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus necrotising fasciitis in fishermen visiting an estuarine tropical northern australian location. | three cases of severe necrotising fasciitis due to vibrio vulnificus (two cases) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (one case, fatal), have occurred in caucasian tourists while fishing at a remote tropical northern australian estuarine area. infections were acquired over a 4-year period during the tourist fishing season (april to july 2000-2003), when water temperatures range from 23 to 30 degrees c. they are notable for their geographical clustering in the remote western aspect of the gulf of carpenta ... | 2007 | 16890991 |
| fate of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters treated with chitosan. | the fate of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and vibrio vulnificus in oysters treated with chitosan was investigated. three concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) of chitosan in 0.5% hydrochloric acid were prepared and coated onto raw oysters, which were then stored at 4 degrees c for 12 days. untreated oysters and oysters coated with 0.5% hydrochloric acid without chitosan were used as controls. s. aureus cells were most sensitive to 2.0% chitosan followed by 0.5 and ... | 2006 | 16865892 |
| use of a marker plasmid to examine differential rates of growth and death between clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus in experimentally infected mice. | vibrio vulnificus is gram-negative bacterium that contaminates oysters, causing highly lethal sepsis after consumption of raw oysters and wound infection. we previously described two sets of v. vulnificus strains with different levels of virulence in subcutaneously inoculated iron dextran-treated mice. both virulent, clinical strains and attenuated, environmental strains could be recovered in high numbers from skin lesions and livers; however, the attenuated environmental strains required signif ... | 2006 | 16856938 |
| a gyrb-based pcr for the detection of vibrio vulnificus and its application for direct detection of this pathogen in oyster enrichment broths. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on the gyrb (encoding gyrase b or topoisomerase ii) gene sequence was developed for the detection of vibrio vulnificus in seafood. the gyrb primers detected all laboratory isolates of v. vulnificus and did not cross react with other vibiro and non-vibrio species examined in this study. the sensitivity of detection of v. vulnificus by gyrb pcr was 300 cfu/g in artificially seeded oyster homogenate without enrichment while, 30 cfu/g could be detected ... | 2006 | 16854484 |
| suppression and inactivation of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin in cirrhotic ascites, a human ex vivo experimental system. | to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the in vivo suppression and inactivation of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvha), we used cirrhotic ascites fluid as a human ex vivo experimental system. vvha expression was suppressed in proportion to the amount of cirrhotic ascites. the expression of vvha in undiluted cirrhotic ascites could be suppressed further by the addition of glucose, a constituent of cirrhotic ascites. vvha was readily inactivated in the presence of cirrhotic ascites by a cholesterol ... | 2006 | 16831209 |
| post-hurricane katrina challenge: vibrio vulnificus. | to describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vibrio vulnificus, a rare organism that surfaced following huricane katrina and caused serious problems for many victims. | 2006 | 16827837 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli. | two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ... | 2006 | 16820760 |
| detection of free-living and plankton-bound vibrios in coastal waters of the adriatic sea (italy) and study of their pathogenicity-associated properties. | culturable vibrios were isolated from water and plankton fractions collected during an 18-month sampling study performed along the north-central coast of the adriatic sea (italy). unculturable vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus were detected in plankton fractions by polymerase chain reaction amplification of dna sequences for cytotoxin-haemolysin and thermolabile haemolysin respectively. the presence of v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and v. cholerae virulence genes and the expression ... | 2006 | 16817938 |
| caenorhabditis elegans as a simple model host for vibrio vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus is a human opportunistic pathogen which causes fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infection, resulting in a high mortality (over 50%). caenorhabditis elegans has been studied as a model experimental host for v. vulnificus infection. v. vulnificus was shown to kill c. elegans effectively on different growth media and culture conditions. a marked reduction was observed in the life spans of worms when they were fed on v. vulnificus rather than on the ordinary laboratory food sour ... | 2006 | 16782063 |
| [distribution of vibrio vulnificus along the coastal area of shimane prefecture and contamination of retail fish and shellfish with v. vulnificus in shimane prefecture, japan]. | we studied distribution of vibrio vulnificus in sea water, sediment, and shellfish along the coast and contamination of retail fish and shellfish with v. vulnificus in shimane prefecture, japan between 2001 and 2004. v. vulnificus was isolated from 77 (68.1%) of 113 sea water samples with < or =10(5) mpn/l, 88 (70.4%) of 125 sediment samples with < or = 10(7) mpn/100g, 8 (17.2%) of 46 fish samples with < or = 10(6) cfu/10 g and 68 (43.8%) of 156 shellfish samples with < or = 10(6) mpn/10g. this ... | 2006 | 16780128 |
| [proteases of genus vibrio as the pathogenic factor]. | 2006 | 16780123 | |
| evidence for an intermediate colony morphology of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus causes both food-borne disease and wound infections. most v. vulnificus strains express capsular polysaccharide (cps), which is required for the virulence of this organism. under standard growth conditions, cps expression is lost at a relatively high frequency (10(-3) to 10(-4)), resulting in a switch from an opaque (op, cps+) colony morphology to a translucent (tr, cps-) colony morphology. the wzb gene, which encodes a phosphatase required for cps expression, has been proposed ... | 2006 | 16751551 |
| swarming differentiation of vibrio vulnificus downregulates the expression of the vvhba hemolysin gene via the luxs quorum-sensing system. | swarming has proven to be a good in vitro model for bacterial surface adherence and colonization, and the swarming differentiation of a bacterium has been shown to be coupled with changes in the expression of virulence factors associated with its invasiveness, particularly in the early stages of infection. in this study, we attempted to determine whether the expression of vvha, which encodes for hemolysin/cytolysin (vvha), is either upregulated or downregulated during the swarming differentiatio ... | 2006 | 16728960 |
| atypical manifestation of vibrio vulnificus septicaemia. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative marine bacterium that may cause local wound infection, gastroenteritis, or septicaemia. fatal septicaemia usually presents with fever, shock, and large haemorrhagic bullae on the legs. this report is about a man who had severe v. vulnificus septicaemia but presented with atypical features of leg pain and diffuse purpuric skin lesions. v. vulnificus septicaemia should be suspected if the following are present: septic shock, leg pains associated with diffuse pu ... | 2006 | 16714493 |
| antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of environmental isolates of vibrio species from mai po nature reserve, hong kong. | in this study, three environmental isolates of vibrio species were isolated from water and sediment samples of mai po nature reserve, hong kong sar. they were identified to be vibrio cholerae mp-1, vibrio aestuarianus mp-2 and vibrio vulnificus mp-3 by both biochemical test and subsequent full-length 16s rdna sequencing. both disc diffusion susceptibility test and microplate dilution technique were used to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile of these three bacteria. results from both a ... | 2006 | 16680524 |
| vibrio vulnificus serovar a: an emerging pathogen in european anguilliculture. | the spread of the emerging pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar a in danish anguilliculture is reported. serovar a was originally isolated in a spanish eel farm in 2000 and occurred in denmark in the summer of 2004, affecting eels of 5-10 g body weight cultured in fresh water. the danish eels showed clinical signs different from those reported for spanish eels, such as severe haemorrhages in the head and gill region with necrosis of the soft tissues. danish isolates were biochemically an ... | 2006 | 16677318 |
| vibrio vulnificus vulnibactin, but not metalloprotease vvpe, is essentially required for iron-uptake from human holotransferrin. | the roles of metalloprotease (vvpe) and catechol-siderophore (vulnibactin) in the uptake of iron from human transferrins by vibrio vulnificus have been determined using different experimental conditions and methods. therefore, in this study, we attempted to elucidate the roles of vvpe and vulnibactin using the same methods and experimental conditions, in an in vitro and a human ex vivo system, and in accordance with the molecular version of koch's postulates. neither vvpe mutation nor in trans v ... | 2006 | 16651718 |
| two cases of sucrose-fermenting vibrio vulnificus infection in which 16s rdna sequencing was useful for diagnosis. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium which is associated with severe infections in humans. we experienced two cases of sucrose-fermenting v. vulnificus infection. the causative agents in both cases were unidentifiable by conventional identification systems because of their unique characteristics, and sequencing of 16s rdna was found to be useful for diagnosis. | 2006 | 16632910 |
| cloning, sequencing and analysis of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igss) of two strains of vibrio vulnificus. | according to the conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of the 16s and the 5' end of the 23s rdnas, pcr primers were designed, and the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igss) of two strains of vibrio vulnificus were amplified by pcr and cloned into pgem-t vector. different clones were selected to be sequenced and the sequences were analyzed with blast and the software dnastar. analyses of the igs sequences suggested that the strain zsu006 contains five types of polymorphic 16s-23s rdna intergeni ... | 2006 | 16625835 |
| rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis following a stonefish sting: a report of two cases. | two patients developed rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis after being stung by a stonefish. both were given a hot-water bath for pain relief. the hot water may have accelerated bacterial growth and the consequent development of necrotising fasciitis. vibrio vulnificus was cultured from one patient. it is recommended that patients should receive high dose of oral and intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis for vibrio prevention. antibiotics should be given before or during, not after, a hot-wat ... | 2006 | 16598091 |
| occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, and v. vulnificus in norwegian blue mussels (mytilus edulis). | vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, and v. vulnificus were isolated from 10.3%, 1.0%, and 0.1% of 885 blue mussel samples, respectively. four of the samples contained trh(+) v. parahaemolyticus, while no tdh-positive isolates were detected. the v. cholerae isolates were non-o:1/non-o:139 serotypes and were ctxa negative. | 2006 | 16598019 |
| coactivation of vibrio vulnificus putap operon by camp receptor protein and putr through cooperative binding to overlapping sites. | the camp receptor protein (crp) positively regulates the expression of vibrio vulnificus putap genes encoding a proline dehydrogenase and a proline permease. in the present study, an open reading frame encoding putr was identified downstream of the putap genes and a mutational analysis revealed that the putr protein was also involved in regulating the putap transcription by activating pput promoter. although crp acts as a primary activator and the influence of putr on pput is mediated by crp, th ... | 2006 | 16573699 |
| a dish best served hot. | 2006 | 16564770 | |
| effect of the crp mutation on the utilization of transferrin-bound iron by vibrio vulnificus. | cyclic amp-camp receptor protein (crp) complex plays an essential role in the global regulation of vibrio vulnificus virulence. we found that growth retardation of v. vulnificus caused by mutation of the crp gene encoding crp was exacerbated under iron-limited conditions. accordingly, we investigated the effect of crp mutation on the expression of the vulnibactin-mediated iron-uptake system and the ability of v. vulnificus to utilize transferrin-bound iron, and thus to grow in cirrhotic ascites, ... | 2006 | 16553865 |