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functional cloning of vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 1 in escherichia coli k-12 strain as a molecular syringe.the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of gram-negative bacteria involves dedicated protein translocation machinery that directly injects proteins into target cells. pathogenic bacteria already benefit from this unique system. the successful functional cloning of this useful tool into non-pathogenic bacteria would help establish novel clinical and basic biotechnology strategies in areas such as vaccine administration, the development of screening systems for anti-t3ss drugs and the target-specific ...201222995311
molecular characterization of direct target genes and cis-acting consensus recognized by quorum-sensing regulator apha in vibrio parahaemolyticus.apha is the master quorum-sensing (qs) regulator operating at low cell density in vibrios. molecular regulation of target genes by apha has been characterized in vibrio harveyi and v. cholerae, but it is still poorly understood in v. parahaemolyticus.201222984476
psp toxin release from the cyanobacterium raphidiopsis brookii d9 (nostocales) can be induced by sodium and potassium ions.paralytic shellfish poisoning (psp) toxins are a group of naturally occurring neurotoxic alkaloids produced among several genera of primarily freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. although saxitoxin (stx) and analogs are all potent na(+) channel blockers in vertebrate cells, the functional role of these compounds for the toxigenic microorganisms is unknown. based upon the known importance of monovalent cations (such as sodium) in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and ion cha ...201222983012
prevalence of salmonella and vibrio spp. in seafood products sold in singapore.foodborne hazards in seafood have only recently received increased attention in singapore since the illness outbreak in 2009 that was associated with consumption of indian rojak (a traditional salad of fruits, vegetables, and seafood). the microbiological quality of seafood must be evaluated for assurance of food safety. the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and to determine the prevalence of salmonella and vibrio spp. in seafood sold in singapore. a total of 116 samp ...201222980017
expression of the type vi secretion system 1 component hcp1 is indirectly repressed by opar in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is bacterial protein injection machinery with roles in virulence, symbiosis, interbacterial interaction, antipathogenesis, and environmental stress responses. there are two t6ss loci, t6ss1 and t6ss2, in the two chromosomes of vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. this work disclosed that the master quorum sensing (qs) regulator opar repressed the transcription of hcp1 encoding the structural component hcp1 of t6ss1 in v. parahaemolyticus, indicating that qs ...201222924031
a new zebrafish model of oro-intestinal pathogen colonization reveals a key role for adhesion in protection by probiotic bacteria.the beneficial contribution of commensal bacteria to host health and homeostasis led to the concept that exogenous non-pathogenic bacteria called probiotics could be used to limit disease caused by pathogens. however, despite recent progress using gnotobiotic mammal and invertebrate models, mechanisms underlying protection afforded by commensal and probiotic bacteria against pathogens remain poorly understood. here we developed a zebrafish model of controlled co-infection in which germ-free zebr ...201222911651
predatory bacteria as natural modulators of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in seawater and oysters.this study shows that naturally occurring vibrio predatory bacteria (vpb) exert a major role in controlling pathogenic vibrios in seawater and shellfish. the growth and persistence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus were assessed in natural seawater and in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. the pathogens examined were v. vulnificus strain vv1003, v. parahaemolyticus o1:kut (kut stands for k untypeable), and v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 and corresponding o3:k6 mutants deficient ...201222904049
[current status of food-borne diseases in japan].the current status of food-borne diseases in japan was described. although the number of outbreaks caused by salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus and escherichia coli(except enterohaemorrhagic e. coli) is decreasing, outbreaks by campylobacter or norovirus are increasing.201222894058
characteristics of potentially pathogenic vibrios from subtropical mozambique compared with isolates from tropical india and boreal sweden.reported outbreaks of vibrio parahaemolyticus have increased worldwide, particularly in regions of high seafood consumption. in mozambique, seafood constitutes an important food resource and diarrheal diseases are common among its inhabitants. edible clams were collected in maputo bay during both the dry and rainy seasons, with the results showing the number of viable counts of vibrios in clams to peak during the latter. vibrio parahaemolyticus was the predominant species identified among the is ...201322891871
an extensive investigation into the prevalence and the genetic and serological diversity of toxigenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in italian marine coastal waters.the relationship between vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from the aquatic environment and those isolated from cases of infection in humans is poorly understood due to the low prevalence of tdh- and/or trh-positive strains in the environment. to address this concern, it would be useful to analyse the genetic relationships among environmental and food strains and with reference to clinical isolates, also applying molecular typing methods. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalen ...201322891758
[development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting vibrio parahaemolyticus].this study aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus).201222883738
ecology of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in the coastal and estuarine waters of louisiana, maryland, mississippi, and washington (united states).vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, which are native to estuaries globally, are agents of seafood-borne or wound infections, both potentially fatal. like all vibrios autochthonous to coastal regions, their abundance varies with changes in environmental parameters. sea surface temperature (sst), sea surface height (ssh), and chlorophyll have been shown to be predictors of zooplankton and thus factors linked to vibrio populations. the contribution of salinity, conductivity, turbidity, a ...201222865080
depuration of oysters (crassostrea gigas) contaminated with vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus with uv light and chlorinated seawater.the efficacy of depuration using uv light and chlorinated seawater for decontaminating vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from oysters was investigated. oysters were contaminated with a five-strain cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus to levels of 10(4) to 10(5) cfu ml(-1) for bioaccumulation. the depuration was conducted in a closed system in which 350 liters of seawater was recirculated at a rate of 7 liters/min for 48 h at room temperature. counts of v. parahaemolyticus ...201222856577
inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in oysters by high-hydrostatic pressure and mild heat.several recent outbreaks associated with oysters have heightened safety concerns of raw shellfish consumptions, with the majority being attributed to vibrio spp. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of high-hydrostatic pressure (hhp) followed by mild heating on the inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in live oysters. inoculated oysters were randomly subjected to: a) pressurization at 200-300 mpa for 2 min at 21 °c, b) mild heat treatment at 40, 45 or ...201222850390
a cytotoxic type iii secretion effector of vibrio parahaemolyticus targets vacuolar h+-atpase subunit c and ruptures host cell lysosomes.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the human pathogenic vibrios. during the infection of mammalian cells, this pathogen exhibits cytotoxicity that is dependent on its type iii secretion system (t3ss1). vepa, an effector protein secreted via the t3ss1, plays a major role in the t3ss1-dependent cytotoxicity of v. parahaemolyticus. however, the mechanism by which vepa is involved in t3ss1-dependent cytotoxicity is unknown. here, we found that protein transfection of vepa into hela cells resulted in ...201222829766
vopb1 and vopd1 are essential for translocation of type iii secretion system 1 effectors of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic vibrio species that causes food-borne acute gastroenteritis, often related to the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. vibrio parahaemolyticus has 2 type iii secretion systems (t3ss1 and t3ss2). here, we demonstrate that vp1657 (vopb1) and vp1656 (vopd1), which share sequence similarity with pseudomonas genes popb (38%) and popd (36%), respectively, are essential for translocation of t3ss1 effectors into host cells. a vp1680cyaa fusion reporter syste ...201222827847
adaptive acid tolerance response of vibrio parahaemolyticus as affected by acid adaptation conditions, growth phase, and bacterial strains.vibrio parahaemolyticus strain 690 was isolated from gastroenteritis patients. its thermal and ethanol stress responses have been reported in our previous studies. in this study, we further investigated the effects of various acid adaptation conditions including ph (5.0-6.0) and time (30-90 min) on the acid tolerance in different growth phases of v. parahaemolyticus 690. additionally, the adaptive acid tolerance among different v. parahaemolyticus strains was compared. results indicated that the ...201222827515
bacteriostatic anti-vibrio parahaemolyticus activity of pseudoalteromonas sp. strains dit09, dit44 and dit46 isolated from southern chilean intertidal perumytilus purpuratus.we characterised the anti-vibrio parahaemolyticus (anti-v. parahaemolyticus) marine bacteria dit09, dit44 and dit46 isolated from the intertidal mussel perumytilus purpuratus. the 16s rrna gene sequences identify a pseudoalteromonas sp. that form a clade with p. prydzensis and p. mariniglutinosa. the strains produced bacteriostatic anti-v. parahaemolyticus agents during the exponential growth phase, which were also active against v. cholerae and v. anguillarum, but not on other gram positive and ...201222806110
pulsed light treatment for the inactivation of selected pathogens and the shelf-life extension of beef and tuna carpaccio.the efficacy of pulsed light to improve the safety of carpaccio has been investigated. beef and tuna slices were superficially inoculated with approximately 3 log cfu/cm2 of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and vibrio parahaemolyticus. fluences of 0.7, 2.1, 4.2, 8.4 and 11.9 j/cm2 were assayed. colour, sensory and shelf-life studies were carried out. treatments at 8.4 and 11.9 j/cm2 inactivated the selected pathogens approximately by 1 log cfu/cm2, although they m ...201222795799
a novel tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in blood clam tegillarca granosa: molecular cloning, tissue distribution and expression analysis.tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (timps) were originally characterized as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), but their range of activities has been found to be broader as it includes the inhibition of several of the mmps, etc. the cdna encoding timp-4-like gene from blood clam tegillarca granosa (designated as tg-timp-4-like) which is the first tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase identified in blood clams, was cloned and characterized. it was of 1164 bp, and an open reading ...201222771965
purification and characterization of yfgap, a gapdh-related novel antimicrobial peptide, from the skin of yellowfin tuna, thunnus albacares.a 3.4 kda of antimicrobial peptide was purified from an acidified skin extract of the yellowfin tuna, thunnus albacares, by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and c(18) reversed-phase hplc. a comparison of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified peptide with that of other known polypeptides revealed high homology with the n-terminus of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh); thus, this peptide was designated as the yellowfin tuna gapdh-related antimicro ...201222771964
vp2118 has major roles in vibrio parahaemolyticus response to oxidative stress.reactive oxygen species (ros), including superoxide anion radical, induce chronic risk of oxidative damage to many cellular macromolecules resulting in damage to cells. superoxide dismutases (sods) catalyze the dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and are a primary defense against ros. vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis following consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, can survive ros generated by intestinal inflammatory cells. h ...201222771831
vibrio parahaemolyticus exse is requisite for initial adhesion and subsequent type iii secretion system 1-dependent autophagy in hela cells.vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic serotype o3 : k6 causes acute gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicaemia in humans. this organism encodes two type iii secretion systems (t3ss1 and t3ss2); host-cell cytotoxicity has been attributed to t3ss1. synthesis and secretion of t3ss1 proteins is positively regulated by exsa, which is presumptively regulated by the exscde pathway, similar to pseudomonas aeruginosa. herein we deleted the putative exse from v. parahaemolyticus and found constitutive e ...201222767546
the crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of vibrio parahaemolyticus cpxa.the cpx two-component system of gram-negative bacteria senses extracytoplasmic stresses using the histidine kinase cpxa, a membrane-bound sensor, and controls the transcription of the genes involved in stress response by the cytosolic response regulator cpxr, which is activated by the phosphorelay from cpxa. cpxp, a cpxa-associated protein, also plays an important role in the regulation of the cpx system by inhibiting the autophosphorylation of cpxa. although the stress signals and physiological ...201222760860
mlp24 (mcpx) of vibrio cholerae implicated in pathogenicity functions as a chemoreceptor for multiple amino acids.the chemotaxis of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has been implicated in pathogenicity. the bacterium has more than 40 genes for methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (mcp)-like proteins (mlps). in this study, we found that glycine and at least 18 l-amino acids, including serine, arginine, asparagine, and proline, serve as attractants to the classical biotype strain o395n1. based on the sequence comparison with vibrio parahaemolyticus, we speculated that at least 17 mlps of v. cho ...201222753378
single nucleotide polymorphisms in i-type lysozyme gene and their correlation with vibrio-resistance and growth of clam meretrix meretrix based on the selected resistance stocks.i-type lysozyme is considered to play crucial roles in both anti-bacteria and digestion function of the bivalve, which signifies that it is related to both immunity and growth. in this study, based on the principle of case-control association analysis, using the stock materials with different vibrio-resistance profile obtained by selective breeding, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the dna partial sequence of an i-type lysozyme of meretrix meretrix (mmelys) were discovered and examined ...201222728564
a semi-quantitative approach to assess biofilm formation using wrinkled colony development.biofilms, or surface-attached communities of cells encapsulated in an extracellular matrix, represent a common lifestyle for many bacteria. within a biofilm, bacterial cells often exhibit altered physiology, including enhanced resistance to antibiotics and other environmental stresses. additionally, biofilms can play important roles in host-microbe interactions. biofilms develop when bacteria transition from individual, planktonic cells to form complex, multi-cellular communities. in the laborat ...201222710417
characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus genes encoding the systems for utilization of enterobactin as a xenosiderophore.we determined the ability of vibrio parahaemolyticus to utilize enterobactin (ent) as a xenosiderophore. homology searches of the v. parahaemolyticus genomic sequence revealed the presence of genes that are homologous to the v. cholerae ferric ent utilization genes, which consist of the iron-repressible outer-membrane protein genes irga and vcta, and the atp-binding cassette transport system operon vctpdgc. moreover, the irgb and vctr genes, which encode transcriptional regulators, were also fou ...201222700651
phenotypic characterization and rapd fingerprinting of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus isolated during tunisian fish farm outbreaks.the genus vibrio is characterized by a large number of species and some of them are human pathogens causing gastrointestinal and wound infections through the ingestion or manipulation of contaminated fishes and shellfish including vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus. in this study, we reported the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 9 v. parahaemolyticus and 27 v. alginolyticus strains isolated from outbreaks affecting cultured gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata l.) and sea ...201322684973
the international standard iso/ts 21872-1 to study the occurence of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae in seafood: its improvement by use of a chromogenic medium and pcr.during two surveys conducted in 2008 and 2009, the culture method described in the international standard iso/ts 21872-1 was applied to the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio cholerae in 112 living bivalve mollusc samples, with a chromogenic medium used in addition to the tcbs agar, as second selective isolation medium and for enumeration of v. parahaemolyticus and v. cholerae by surface inoculation. a pcr method for detection of these 2 vibrio species and the hemolysin genes tdh an ...201222682545
quantitative study of viable vibrio parahaemolyticus cells in raw seafood using propidium monoazide in combination with quantitative pcr.in this study we developed a specific and sensitive quantitative pcr (qpcr) method combined with a propidium monoazide (pma) sample treatment to quantify tdh-positive viable cells of v. parahaemolyticus in raw seafood (pma-qpcr). the high selectivity of primers and probes were demonstrated by using purified dna from 57 strains belonging to 18 species. using these primers and probes for qpcr and in artificial contamination samples, a good correlation was obtained between ct values and log cfu/rea ...201222677606
genome-wide characterization of vibrio phage φpp2 with unique arrangements of the mob-like genes.vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in human and animals. phages can control the population of the pathogen. so far, the only one reported genome among giant vibriophages is kvp40: 244,835 bp with 26% coding regions that have t4 homologs. putative homing endonucleases (he) were found in vibrio phage kvp40 bearing one segd and vibrio cholerae phage icp1 carrying one mobc/e and one segg.201222676552
virulence genes and pathogenicity islands in environmental vibrio strains nonpathogenic to humans.most vibrio species in autochthonous marine microbial communities, such as vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio anguillarum among others, are considered nonpathogenic for humans. however, because many bacterial virulence genes are located in mobile genetic elements, the acquisition of mobile dna could mediate the appearance of virulent or more virulent strains even in a species defined as nonpathogenic. in this study, we screened a collection of marine nonpathogenic vibrio strains isolat ...201222676367
[vibrio spp. infections of clinical significance and implication for public health].vibrio spp. infections still are a public health concern. vibrio spp. can be found in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments, and can be able to cause diseases in fish, shellfish, mammals, as well as in humans. since '80 to date, the number of species within the genus increased from 21 to more than 100. the most important is vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the cholera, responsible of seven pandemics; serotypes o1 and o139 can produce cholera toxin, while serotypes non-o1/non-o1 ...201422670341
complete genome sequence of a novel marine siphovirus, pvp-1, infecting vibrio parahaemolyticus.among the abundant bacteriophages that belong to the order caudovirales in the ocean, the genome sequences of marine siphoviruses are poorly investigated in comparison to those of myo- or podoviruses. here we report the complete genome sequence of vibrio phage pvp-1, which belongs to the family siphoviridae and infects vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 33844.201222628398
non-specific immune response and disease resistance induced by siegesbeckia glabrescens against vibrio parahaemolyticus in epinephelus bruneus.the immunomodulatory effect of siegesbeckia glabrescens extract-supplementation diets on innate immune response and disease resistance of kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus against vibrio parahaemolyticus at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. the serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced with any enriched diet from weeks 1-4 when compared to control diet (0%). the alternative complement haemolytic activities significantly were enhanced with all enriched diets on weeks 2 and 4 whereas the cel ...201222626564
light-scattering sensor for real-time identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae colonies on solid agar plate.the three most common pathogenic species of vibrio, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, are of major concerns due to increased incidence of water- and seafood-related outbreaks and illness worldwide. current methods are lengthy and require biochemical and molecular confirmation. a novel label-free forward light-scattering sensor was developed to detect and identify colonies of these three pathogens in real time in the presence of other vibrios in food or water samples ...201222613192
cdna cloning, characterization and expression of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) gene from the indian white shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus.a 1372bp full length cdna of an lgbp gene was identified from the indian white shrimp, fenneropenaeus indicus. the open reading frame (orf) of the f. indicus lgbp (fein-lgbp) was 1164bp long, encoding a polypeptide of 388 amino acids. the fein-lgbp deduced amino acid has conserved potential recognition motif for β-1, 3 linkages of polysaccharides and putative rgd (arg-gly-asp) cell adhesion sites. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fein-lgbp was grouped together with lgbps of other crustace ...201222609928
bactericidal and ammonia removal activity of silver ion-exchanged zeolite.the antimicrobial activity of silver-zeolite against escherichia coli, vibrio harveyi, vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined in liquid medium and agar well diffusion assays. the minimum inhibitory concentration for silver ion-exchanged zeolite against e. coli and v. harveyi was 40 μg/ml, and 50-60 μg/ml for v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus. the diameter of the inhibition zones for e. coli, v. harveyi, v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus, respectively, increased from 0.5 to ...201222609718
the hydrophilic translocator for vibrio parahaemolyticus, t3ss2, is also translocated.the pathogenesis of the diarrheal disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, a leading cause of seafood-associated enteritis worldwide, is dependent upon a type iii secretion system, t3ss2. this apparatus enables the pathogen to inject bacterial proteins (effectors) into the cytosol of host cells and thereby modulate host processes. t3ss effector proteins transit into the host cell via a membrane pore (translocon) typically formed by 3 bacterial proteins. we have identified the third translocon ...201222585964
characteristics of a sharp decrease in vibrio parahaemolyticus infections and seafood contamination in japan.vibrio parahaemolyticus has been one of the most important foodborne pathogens in japan since the 1960s, and a large epidemic was caused by the pandemic serotype o3:k6 from 1997 to 2001. v. parahaemolyticus infections, however, have sharply declined since that time. data on serotypes isolated from 977 outbreaks were collected and analysed. total and pathogenic, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene-positive v. parahaemolyticus were qualitatively and quantitatively detected in 842 seafood samp ...201222583518
recombinant aeromonas hydrophila outer membrane protein 48 (omp48) induces a protective immune response against aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda.the gene coding for an outer membrane protein omp48 of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from an infected fish was cloned and sequenced. analysis of nucleotide sequence showed the omp48 gene to be an adhesin encoding a protein of 426 amino acids with high identity to the omp48 gene of aeromonas veronii, another fish pathogen. the gene belonged to the maltoporin group of porins and had high similarity to lamb porins of a. hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the expressed pu ...201222564558
effect of brine marination on survival and growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria during processing and subsequent storage of ready-to-eat shrimp (pandalus borealis).the effect of brine marination at chill temperatures on survival and growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria during processing and subsequent storage of ready-to-eat cold water shrimp was studied. survival and growth of lactobacillus sakei, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, staphylococcus aureus and vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined. the effect of brine composition and ph was determined in 12 screening experiments without addition of shrimp. sixteen challenge tests with shrimp were then ...201222564452
screening for a single-chain variable-fragment antibody that can effectively neutralize the cytotoxicity of the vibrio parahaemolyticus thermolabile hemolysin.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium that is widely distributed in water resources. the bacterium causes lethal food-borne diseases and poses a serious threat to human and animal health all over the world. the major pathogenic factor of v. parahaemolyticus is thermolabile hemolysin (tlh), encoded by the tlh gene, but its toxicity mechanisms are unknown. a high-affinity antibody that can neutralize tlh activity effectively is not available. in this study, we successfully expressed an ...201222562997
[foodborne disease outbreaks around the urban chilean areas from 2005 to 2010].foodborne disease outbreaks are one of the main health problems all over the world, which have an extensive impact on human health.201222552507
etiology of acute diarrhea due to enteropathogenic bacteria in beijing, china.acute diarrhea is of great concern due to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. the causative bacteria leading to acute diarrhea in general population remains unclear in china. this study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea using a sentinel hospital-based surveillance network in beijing.201222546618
thermostable direct hemolysin diminishes tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor through protein kinase c dependent mechanism.adequate evidence mounts to the fact that several bacteria and their toxins have protective or curative roles in colorectal cancers. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), produced by vibrio parahaemolyticus, down regulates cell proliferation in colon carcinoma cell lines. tdh induces ca2+ influx from an extracellular environment accompanied by protein kinase c phosphorylation. activated protein kinase c inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), the rational ...201222543197
purification and characterization of an antimicrobial histone h1-like protein and its gene from the testes of olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.an approximately 21 kda antimicrobial protein was purified from an acidified testis extract of olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus, by ion-exchange and c(18) reversed-phase hplc. a comparison of the n-terminal amino acid sequence with those of other known antimicrobial polypeptides revealed high homology between this antimicrobial protein and other histone h1 molecules; thus, it was designated flounder histone h1-like protein (fh1lp). fh1lp showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-po ...201222538352
characterization of two isoforms of antiliopolysacchride factors (sp-alfs) from the mud crab scylla paramamosain.in the previous study of the mud crab (scylla paramamosain) hemocyte proteins, which interacted with a bacterium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, a protein known as antilipopolysaccharide factor (sp-alf) was isolated in addition to a serine proteinase homolog (sp-sph) protein. in the present study, we further reported the characterization of two isoforms of the mud crab alf - sp-alfs genes (designated as sp-alf1 and sp-alf2, respectively) based on our previous result. the sp-alf1 and sp-alf2 cdna conta ...201222538350
biochemical, serological, and virulence characterization of clinical and oyster vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.in this study, 77 clinical and 67 oyster vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from north america were examined for biochemical profiles, serotype, and the presence of potential virulence factors (tdh, trh, and type iii secretion system [t3ss] genes). all isolates were positive for oxidase, indole, and glucose fermentation, consistent with previous reports. the isolates represented 35 different serotypes, 9 of which were shared by clinical and oyster isolates. serotypes associated with pandemic strai ...201222535979
putative type vi secretion systems of vibrio parahaemolyticus contribute to adhesion to cultured cell monolayers.analysis of the genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus reveals two icmf family genes in putative type vi secretion system (vpt6ss) clusters in chromosomes 1 (icmf1) and 2 (icmf2). the icmf1 gene is present in majority of clinical isolates (87.5 %), but has a low fraction (25.0 %) in environmental isolates. however, icmf2 is contained in all strains of both clinical and environmental sources. deletion of either icmf1 or hcp1 significantly reduced bacterial adhesion to caco-2 cells or hela mon ...201222535222
characterization of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus. 201222508301
transcriptional regulation of opar, qrr2-4 and apha by the master quorum-sensing regulator opar in vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea and enterogastritis via the fecal-oral route. v. harveyi is a pathogen of fishes and invertebrates, and has been used as a model for quorum sensing (qs) studies. luxr is the master qs regulator (mqsr) of v. harveyi, and luxr-dependent expression of its own gene, qrr2-4 and apha have been established in v. harveyi. molecular regulation of target genes by the v. parahaemolyticus mqsr opar is still poorly understood.201222506036
selection and identification of non-pathogenic bacteria isolated from fermented pickles with antagonistic properties against two shrimp pathogens.in this study, potential probiotic strains were isolated from fermented pickles based on antagonistic activity against two shrimp pathogens (vibrio harveyi and vibrio parahaemolyticus). two strains l10 and g1 were identified by biochemical tests, followed by16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis as bacillus subtilis, and characterized by pcr amplification of repetitive bacterial dna elements (rep-pcr). subsequently, b. subtilis l10 and g1 strains were tested for antibacterial activity under di ...201222491136
novel genomic tools for specific and real-time detection of biothreat and frequently encountered foodborne pathogens.the bacterial genera escherichia, salmonella, shigella, vibrio, yersinia, and francisella include important food safety and biothreat agents. by extensive mining of the whole genome and protein databases of diverse, closely and distantly related bacterial species and strains, we have identified novel genome regions, which we utilized to develop a rapid detection platform for these pathogens. the specific genomic targets we have identified to design the primers in francisella tularensis subsp. tu ...201222488053
development of a real time pcr assay for rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood.a real time pcr assay for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood samples was developed using a novel specific target and a competitive internal amplification control (iac). the specificity of this assay was evaluated using 390 bacterial strains including v. parahaemolyticus, and other strains belonging to vibrio and non-vibrio species. the real time pcr assay unambiguously distinguished v. parahaemolyticus with a detection sensitivity of 4.8 fg per pcr with purified genomic dna or 1 ...201222477699
reductions of vibrio parahaemolyticus in pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) by depuration at various temperatures.consumption of raw oysters has been linked to several outbreaks of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the united states. this study investigated effects of ice storage and uv-sterilized seawater depuration at various temperatures on reducing v. parahaemolyticus in oysters. raw pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) were inoculated with a mixed culture of five clinical strains of v. parahaemolyticus (10290, 10292, 10293, be 98-2029 and 027-1c1) at levels of 10⁴⁻⁶ mpn/g. inoculated oysters were eit ...201222475942
characterization of protease from alcaligens faecalis and its antibacterial activity on fish pathogens.alcaligens faecalis au01 isolated from seafood industry effluent produced an alkaline protease. the optimum culture conditions for growth as well as enzyme production were 37 degrees c and ph 8. the partially purified protease had specific activity of 9.66 with 17.77% recovery with the molecular weight of 33 kda and it was active between 30-70 degrees c and optimum being at 55 degrees c and ph 9. the enzyme retains more than 85% activity at 70 degrees c and 78% even at ph 10. the enzyme inhibite ...201122471216
predatory bacteriovorax communities ordered by various prey species.the role of predation in altering microbial communities has been studied for decades but few examples are known for bacterial predators. bacteriovorax are halophilic prokaryotes that prey on susceptible gram-negative bacteria. we recently reported novel observations on the differential selection of bacteriovorax phylotypes by two different prey, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. however, the conclusion is restricted by the limited number of prey tested. in this study, we have conduc ...201222461907
antimicrobial impact of the components of essential oil of litsea cubeba from taiwan and antimicrobial activity of the oil in food systems.using natural additives to preserve foods has become popular due to consumer demands for nature and safety. antimicrobial activity is one of the most important properties in many plant essential oils (eos). the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of litsea cubeba (lc-eo) from taiwan and the antimicrobial impact of individual volatile components in the oil on pathogens or spoilage microorganisms: vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, lactobacillus plantarum, and hansenula anoma ...201222459760
probing adenylation: using a fluorescently labelled atp probe to directly label and immunoprecipitate vops substrates.the bacterial effector vops from vibrio parahaemolyticus modifies host rho gtpases to prevent downstream signalling, which leads to cell rounding and eventually apoptosis. while previous studies have used [α-(32)p] atp for studying this enzyme, we sought to develop a non-radioactive chemical probe of vops function. to guide these studies, the kinetic parameters were determined for a variety of nucleotides and the results indicated that the c6 position of adenosine was amenable to modification. s ...201222456874
an enrichment medium for increasing a very small number of vibrio parahaemolyticus cells to the detection limit of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay.we developed an enrichment medium for use with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay (enrichment media + lamp assay) to quickly increase a very small number of vibrio parahaemolyticus cells to the detection limit of the assay. thirty-nine different enrichment media were prepared based on evaluating 12 potential ingredients. from our assessment of the 39 media, enrichment medium #36, which contained 2% sodium chloride, 1% proteose peptone no. 2, 0.1% trehalose, 0.5% α-ketoglutar ...201222446116
identification of differentially expressed genes and quantitative expression of complement genes in the liver of marine medaka oryzias melastigma challenged with vibrio parahaemolyticus.the innate immune system of fish is the primary defense against acute diseases. the marine medaka oryzias melastigma has been shown to be a potential marine fish model for ecotoxicology, but little is known about the innate immune system of this small fish. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to identify differentially expressed immune genes in the liver of o. melastigma infected with vibrio parahaemolyticus. among the 396 genes identified, based on ncbi blast sea ...201222445008
inflammation and disintegration of intestinal villi in an experimental model for vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced diarrhea.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis in many parts of the world, but there is limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of v. parahaemolyticus-induced diarrhea. the absence of an oral infection-based small animal model to study v. parahaemolyticus intestinal colonization and disease has constrained analyses of the course of infection and the factors that mediate it. here, we demonstrate that infant rabbits oro-gastrically inoculated with v. parahaemolyticus dev ...201222438811
culturable gut microbiota diversity in zebrafish.the zebrafish (danio rerio) is an increasingly used laboratory animal model in basic biology and biomedicine, novel drug development, and toxicology. the wide use has increased the demand for optimized husbandry protocols to ensure animal health care and welfare. the knowledge about the correlation between culturable zebrafish intestinal microbiota and health in relation to environmental factors and management procedures is very limited. a semi-quantitative level of growth of individual types of ...201222428747
identification of type vi secretion systems in moritella viscosa.the study describes the identification of type vi secretion systems (t6sss) in moritella viscosa, the aetiological agent of winter ulcer disease. despite the availability of commercial vaccines, m. viscosa causes significant financial losses in salmonid farming. the t6ss transports bacterial proteins from the cell into the environment or directly into host cells, and has been implicated with bacterial virulence. the aim of the study was to identify potential t6sss in m. viscosa and to determine ...201222425489
influence of seasonality on the genetic diversity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in new hampshire shellfish waters as determined by multilocus sequence analysis.risk of gastric infection with vibrio parahaemolyticus increases with favorable environmental conditions and population shifts that increase prevalence of infective strains. genetic analysis of new hampshire strains revealed a unique population with some isolates similar to outbreak-causing strains and high-level diversity that increased as waters warmed.201222407686
the vibrio parahaemolyticus toxrs regulator is required for stress tolerance and colonization in a novel orogastric streptomycin-induced adult murine model.vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine bacterium, is the causative agent of gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of seafood. it contains a homologue of the toxrs operon that in v. cholerae is the key regulator of virulence gene expression. we examined a nonpolar mutation in toxrs to determine the role of these genes in v. parahaemolyticus rimd2210633, an o3:k6 isolate, and showed that compared to the wild type, δtoxrs was significantly more sensitive to acid, bile salts, and sodium dodecyl ...201222392925
identification of potential type iii secretion proteins via heterologous expression of vibrio parahaemolyticus dna.we employed a heterologous secretion assay to identify proteins potentially secreted by type iii secretion systems (t3sss) in vibrio parahaemolyticus. n-terminal sequences from 32 proteins within t3ss genomic islands and seven proteins from elsewhere in the chromosome included proteins that were recognized for export by the yersinia enterocolitica flagellar t3ss.201222389365
sequence analyses of type iv pili from vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus.bacterial surface structures called pili have been studied extensively for their role as possible colonization factors. most sequenced vibrio genomes predict a variety of pili genes in these organisms, including several types of type iv pili. in particular, the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) and the pila pili, also known as the chitin-regulated pilus (chirp), are type iva pili commonly found in vibrio genomes and have been shown to play a role in the colonization of vibrio species in the ...201222383120
structural insights into genetic variants of na(+)/glucose cotransporter sglt1 causing glucose-galactose malabsorption: vsglt as a model structure.current advances in structural biology provide valuable insights into structure-function relationship of membrane transporters by solving crystal structures of bacterial homologs of human transporters. therefore, scientists consider bacterial transporters as useful structural models for designing of drugs targeted in human diseases. the functional homology between vibrio parahaemolyticus na(+)/galactose transporter (vsglt) and na(+)/glucose cotransporter sglt1 has been well established a decade ...201222383112
detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish using polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.this study evaluated the application of polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish.201222380509
cloning and expression analysis of interferon regulatory factor (irf) 3 and 7 in large yellow croaker, larimichthys crocea.the interferon regulatory factor (irf)3 and irf7 are considered to play essential roles in innate immune system's antiviral responses. in this report, the full-length cdna and genomic structure and immune response characterizations of irf3 and irf7 were investigated in large yellow croaker, larimichthys crocea. the full-length cdna of l. crocea (lc)irf3 was of 2204 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 41 bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 774 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 1389 ...201222374413
dna array with the groesl intergenic sequence to detect vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.the untranscribed dna sequences of the intergenic spacer regions (isrs) in the groesl gene of 23 vibrio species were determined and compared. isr sequence length (41-85 bp) was variable. vibrio species could be divided into three groups according to the length and homology of their isr sequences. dna array hybridization using isr-specific probes accurately distinguished vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from other species.201222342881
[comparative study on the phenotypic characteristics and molecular typing of foodborne vibrio parahaemolyticus in guangdong province].to understand the phenotypic characteristics of foodborne vibrio parahaemolyticus in guangdong province through carrying out a comprehensive comparison including pulse field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping and serotyping.201122336613
[analysis on the etiological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus in beijing].to understand the etiological and molecular-epidemiological characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus in beijing.201122336612
[etiologic characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing outbreaks and sporadic cases in guangdong, 2009].to study the serotypes, virulence features and molecular characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in food poisoning cases and surveillance program on diarrhea patients in guangdong, 2009.201122336608
vibrio parahaemolyticus in rhode island coastal ponds and the estuarine environment of narragansett bay.quantification of the abundance of vibrio parahaemolyticus in water and oysters from rhode island showed the presence of environmental strains and low levels of potentially pathogenic strains when water temperatures were ≥18°c, with peak levels in late july to early august. a higher abundance of the trh gene than of the tdh gene was observed.201222307298
microevolution of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus assessed by the number of repeat units in short sequence tandem repeat regions.the emergence of the pandemic strain vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 in 1996 caused a large increase of diarrhea outbreaks related to seafood consumption in southeast asia, and later worldwide. isolates of this strain constitutes a clonal complex, and their effectual differentiation is possible by comparison of their variable number tandem repeats (vntrs). the differentiation of the isolates by the differences in vntrs will allow inferring the population dynamics and microevolution of this strain ...201222292049
characterization of low salinity stress in vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine foodborne pathogenic bacterium commonly found in seawater or seafood. this bacterium often encounters low salinity stress when the contaminated seafood is washed with fresh water during food processing. this study was conducted to investigate the response of exponential- and stationary-phase cells of v. parahaemolyticus st550 to lethal or sublethal low salinity. tolerance to lethal low salinity (0.25% nacl) was enhanced in v. parahaemolyticus cells in the expo ...201222289582
control of the potential health hazards of smoked fish by gamma irradiation.this study aims to control the presence of listeria monocytogenes and vibrio parahaemolyticus and the formation of biogenic amines in cold-smoked salmon by gamma irradiation. irradiation at doses of 3 and 1 kgy inactivated 6.59 and 6.05 log cfu/g of l. monocytogenes and v. parahaemolyticus in the inoculated samples, respectively. furthermore, irradiation of the un-inoculated samples significantly decreased their microbial populations of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, psychrophi ...201222285535
culture-independent real-time pcr reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in kolkata, india.clin microbiol infect abstract: culture-independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using dna harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with sybr-green-based real-time pcr targeting vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter spp., shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli. conventional culture-dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) h ...201122268636
comparison of molecular detection methods for vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.pathogenic vibrios are a global concern for seafood safety and many molecular methods have been developed for their detection. this study compares several molecular methods for detection of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, in mpn enrichments from oysters and fish intestine samples. this study employed the dupont qualicon bax(®) system real-time pcr assay for detection of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus. multiplex real-time pcr detection of total (tlh+), t ...201222265290
association of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 present in the coastal environment of northwest mexico with cases of recurrent diarrhea between 2004 and 2010.in 2004, more than 1,230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic o3:k6 strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in southern sinaloa, a state in northwestern mexico. recurrent sporadic cases arose from 2004 to 2010, spreading from the south to the north. in the present study, vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in both environmental samples and clinical cases along the pacific coast of sinaloa during 2004 to 2010. an evaluation was made of the serotypes, distribution of virulence genes, ...201222247160
molecular typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from the middle-east coastline of china.the occurrence of outbreaks of vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in china highlights the need for strain characterization and subtyping of this pathogenic species. a total of 56 epidemiologically-unrelated strains of v. parahaemolyticus were isolated from clinical samples, seafood and various environmental sites in the middle-east coastline of china from 2006 to 2008. the isolates were characterized using four molecular typing methods, including ribotyping, enterobacterial repetitive inter ...201222225982
evaluation of most-probable-number-pcr method with internal amplification control for the counting of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in frozen shrimps.the most-probable-number (mpn) method is often time-consuming for the isolation, detection, and quantification of vibrio parahaemolyticus from natural sources. mpn counting of v. parahaemolyticus bacteria usually involves the isolation of typical v. parahaemolyticus colonies on selective medium, with subsequent confirmation by biochemical identification. in this study, we evaluated the use of a pcr on mpn enrichment cultures (mpn-pcr) for the direct detection of total and pathogenic v. parahaemo ...201222221369
isolation, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus in korean seafood.the principal objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk assessment, antibiotic resistance, and genotyping of vibrio parahaemolyticus in korean seafood. the incidence of v. parahaemolyticus in seafood obtained from several fish markets in korea was investigated from may to december of 2009, except between july and september. two selective mediums (tcbs [thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts, and sucrose] agar and chromagar™ vibrio) were used, and the v. parahaemolyticus strains we ...201222216989
The Na+/L-proline transporter PutP.The Na+/L-proline transporter PutP is a member of the Na+/solute symporter family (TC 2A.21, SLC5), which contains several hundred proteins of pro- and eukaryotic origin. Within the family, the capability of L-proline uptake is restricted to proteins of prokaryotes. PutP contributes to the use of L-proline as a nutrient. In addition, the transporter may supply cells with compatible solute during adaptation to osmotic stress. Based on these and other functions, PutP is of significance for various ...201222201772
Molecular cloning and expression profiles of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in mud crab Scylla paramamosain.The importance of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene family is demonstrated by many studies in recent years. However, it keeps unknown of nitric oxide (NO) system and NOS gene family in mud crab Scylla paramamosain, an important cultured commercial crustacean in China and Pacific area. In this report, the cDNA of NOS contained full-length ORF was cloned from mud crab, S.paramamosain. It was of 4424 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 239 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 540 bp, wh ...201122200639
The Scr network in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: output targets and transcriptional regulation by a c-di-GMP responsive circuit.The Vibrio parahaemolyticus Scr system modulates decisions pertinent to surface colonization by affecting the cellular level of c-di-GMP. Here we explore the scope and mechanism of this regulation. Transcriptome comparison of ?scrABC and wild-type strains revealed expression differences with respect to ~100 genes. Elevated c-di-GMP repressed genes in the surface sensing regulon including those encoding the lateral flagellar and type three secretion systems and N-acetylglucosamine-binding protein ...201122194449
c-di-gmp-mediated decisions in the surface-grown vibrio parahaemolyticus: a different kind of motile-to-sessile transition.cyclic dimeric gmp (c-di-gmp) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger discovered over a quarter of century ago by moshe benziman and his colleagues at the hebrew university of jerusalem (15, 16).…201122194446
Sixty Years from the Discovery of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Some Recollections.Vibrio parahaemolyticus was discovered by Tsunesaburo Fujino after a shirasu food poisoning outbreak in 1950, but at that time the isolate was named Pasteurella parahaemolytica, not Vibrio. Although the isolate resembled Vibrio, some properties did not correspond with those of Vibrio. For example, the curved cell form of the cell was one of the important taxonomical indicators of the genus, but the isolate was straight in form. After 5 years, Iwao Takikawa isolated a similar bacterium from a foo ...201122190435
[etiological surveillance and analysis of infectious diarrhea in beijing in year 2010].to explore the pathogenic form, epidemic features and serotype distribution of the pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diarrhea in beijing.201122177306
Detection and characterization of pathogenic vibrios in shellfish by a Ligation Detection Reaction-Universal Array approach.Vibrios are a group of major foodborne pathogens widely distributed in marine environment. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus are the pathogenic species of Vibrio that pose the greatest threat to human health. However, other vibrios, e.g. Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio mimicus and Grimontia hollisae, apparently less relevant in the group of foodborne pathogens, have been sporadically found in outbreaks. For seafood safety and economic purposes, a rapid and powerful met ...201122177227
Bacteriophages with potential for inactivation of fish pathogenic bacteria: survival, host specificity and effect on bacterial community structure.Phage therapy may represent a viable alternative to antibiotics to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria. Its use, however, requires the awareness of novel kinetics phenomena not applied to conventional drug treatments. The main objective of this work was to isolate bacteriophages with potential to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria, without major effects on the structure of natural bacterial communities of aquaculture waters. The survival was determined in marine water, through quantification by ...201122163184
cloning and heterologous expression of the vibrioferrin biosynthetic gene cluster from a marine metagenomic library.a biosynthetic gene cluster of siderophore consisting of five open reading frames (orfs) was cloned by functional screening of a metagenomic library constructed from tidal-flat sediment. expression of the cloned biosynthetic genes in escherichia coli led to the production of vibrioferrin, a siderophore originally reported for the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of heterologous production of a siderophore by biosynthetic genes clon ...201122146715
Phenoloxidase in the scallop Chlamys farreri: Purification and antibacterial activity of its reaction products generated in vitro.Phenoloxidase (PO) was purified from hemocytes of the scallop Chlamys farreri using native-PAGE and gel permeation column chromatography, and then substrate specificity and antibacterial activity generated from reaction products of purified PO were analyzed. The results showed purified PO had a molecular mass of 576 kDa in native-PAGE and 53 kDa in denatured PAGE, and could catalyze the substrates L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), dopamine, catechol and hydroquinone suggesting it is a type ...201222119576
purification and characterization of enterocin mc13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiont enterococcus faecium mc13 isolated from the gut of mugil cephalus.a bacteriocin producer strain mc13 was isolated from the gut of mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as enterococcus faecium. the bacteriocin of e. faecium mc13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectro ...201122112158
Multiplex PCR and a chromogenic DNA macroarray for the detection of Listeria monocytogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens in milk and meat samples.Food products, such as milk and meat products including cheese, milk powder, fermented milk, sausage, etc. are susceptible to the contamination by pathogenic and deteriorative bacteria. These bacteria include Listeria monocytogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas fluorescens, etc. Traditional methods for the detection of these microorganisms are laborious and time consuming ...201222101309
ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas.the life cycle of vibrio parahaemolyticus has been conventionally associated with estuarine areas characterized by moderate salinity and warm seawater temperatures. recent evidence suggests that the distribution and population dynamics of v. parahaemolyticus may be shaped by the existence of an oceanic transport of communities of this organism mediated by zooplankton. to evaluate this possibility, the presence of v. parahaemolyticus in the water column of offshore areas of galicia was investigat ...201122094349
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