Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of plants and filter materials on bacteria removal in pilot-scale constructed wetlands. | due to the lack of testing units or appropriate experimental approaches, only little is known about the removal of bacteria in constructed wetlands. however, improved performance in terms of water sanitation requires a detailed understanding of the ongoing processes. therefore, we analyzed the microbial diversity and the survival of enterobacteriaceae in six pilot-scale constructed wetland systems treating domestic wastewater: two vertical sand filters, two vertical expanded clay filters and two ... | 2005 | 15862336 |
| modulation of host cytoskeleton function by the enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium effector protein espg. | espg is a conserved protein encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. espg is delivered into infected host cells by a type iii secretion system. the role of espg in virulence has not yet been defined. here we describe experiments that probe the virulence characteristics and biological activities of espg in vitro and in vivo. a c. rodentium espg mutant ... | 2005 | 15845460 |
| microbiological quality of sous and tamarind, traditional drinks consumed in jordan. | this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of sous (a drink prepared by extracting dried roots of glycyrrhiza glabra) and tamarind (a drink prepared by infusing tamarindus indica dried pulp), traditional drinks consumed in jordan. twenty-one samples of sous and 44 samples of tamarind were collected from the local market in amman, jordan. water is the major component of the drinks. sous drink is characterized by having an alkaline ph (range, 6.6 to 9.9; mean, 8.6), whereas t ... | 2005 | 15830669 |
| susceptibility of clinical isolates of bacteria to cefoxitin and cephalothin. | the susceptibility of 4,929 unselected clinical isolates of bacteria to cefoxitin and cephalothin was determined by the single-disk method, using a computer-associated electronic zone analyzer to obtain, record, and process measurements of sizes of zones of inhibition. both cefoxitin and cephalothin were effective against most gram-positive strains, including staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, micrococci, and all streptococci except enterococci. the three strains of listeria monocytogenes te ... | 1974 | 15830480 |
| [review on the etiology and treatment of bacterial pneumonias]. | the bacterial pneumoniae are the significant factor of morbidity and mortality all over the world. so usa are at the sixth place per mortality cause. the bacteria are in 60-80% of cases the causes of pneumonia in the communities. therefore this is the review on the ethiology of the verification and treatment of pneumonias in the 17-month period in the general hospital "sarajevo". in the period of the 1st january 2002 till the 31st may 2003 year, it was examined 105 sputa on the antibiogram, and ... | 2005 | 15822680 |
| cathelicidin mediates innate intestinal defense against colonization with epithelial adherent bacterial pathogens. | cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (mcramp), the sole murine cathelicidin, is encoded by the gene cnlp. we show that mcramp expression in the intestinal tract is largely restricted to surface epithelial cells in the colon. synthetic mcramp had antimicrobial activity against the murine enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium, which like the related clinically important human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli, adheres to the apical membrane of intesti ... | 2005 | 15814717 |
| occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens in korea and investigation of screening criteria. | we assessed the occurrence and screening criterion for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. the 413 isolates (158 e. cloacae, 126 c. freundii, and 129 s. marcescens) isolated from 11 clinical laboratories in korea were investigated. esbl production was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and inhibitor-potentiated diffusion test using ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), aztreonam (azt), and cefepime ... | 2005 | 15808318 |
| vacuum-assisted closure for the treatment of complex chest wounds. | destruction of chest wall musculature from trauma, empyema, or local infection limits closure options, especially with muscle flaps. while the vacuum-assisted closure system (vac; kci international, san antonio, tx) has been used for wounds in other anatomic locations, we have found no series for chest wounds. | 2005 | 15797049 |
| occurrence of ctx-m-3, ctx-m-15, ctx-m-14, and ctx-m-9 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in korea. | among 603 isolates of enterobacteriaceae collected between june and november 2003 from three university hospitals within korea, bla(ctx-m-3), bla(ctx-m-15), bla(ctx-m-14), and bla(ctx-m-9) were detected in 41 isolates of species from five different genera of enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. | 2005 | 15793142 |
| novel tem-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, tem-134, in a citrobacter koseri clinical isolate. | a new natural tem derivative with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity, tem-134, was identified in a ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolate of citrobacter koseri. compared to tem-1, tem-134 contains the following mutations: q39k, e104k, r164h, and g238s. the bla(tem-134) gene was not transferable by conjugation and, apparently, was chromosomally encoded. expression studies with escherichia coli revealed efficient cefotaximase and ceftazidimase activity for tem-134. | 2005 | 15793140 |
| regulation of type iii secretion hierarchy of translocators and effectors in attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | human enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), and the mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium (cr) belong to the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens. they possess the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type iii secretion system. these pathogens secrete a number of proteins into culture media, including type iii effector proteins and translocators that are required for the translocation of effectors in ... | 2005 | 15784556 |
| mast cells limit systemic bacterial dissemination but not colitis in response to citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli cause an inflammatory colitis in human patients characterized by neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and crypt hyperplasia. citrobacter rodentium causes a similar colitis in mice and serves as a model for enteropathogenic e. coli infection in humans. c. rodentium induces systemic t-cell-dependent antibody production that facilitates clearance of the bacteria and protects the host from reinfection. the role ... | 2005 | 15784538 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics using etest against clinical isolates from 60 medical centres in japan. | an antimicrobial resistance surveillance study was carried out in 60 medical centres across japan. resistance to piperacillin was 10.8% in clinical isolates of escherichia coli, while 1.3% or fewer isolates were resistant to other beta-lactams. klebsiella spp. were more susceptible to imipenem, cefepime and cefpirome. isolates of enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., indole-positive proteus and serratia spp. were susceptible to imipenem, cefepime and cefpirome, while acinetobacter spp. were most ... | 2005 | 15784308 |
| [bactericidal activity of normal human serum to gram-negative rods with sialic acid containing lipopolysaccharide]. | the complement plays the most important role in eliminating bacterial invasion of the host, by facilitating phagocytosis of potential pathogens and by participating in the direct essential role in protecting gram-negative bacteria against bactericidal activity of serum. sialic acids which are important constitutes of animal tissue glycoconjugates are also present in antigens of some bacterial strains. the susceptibility of gram-negative strains with sialic acid--containing lipopolysaccharides to ... | 2004 | 15773502 |
| [features of microbiocenosis of colon in tumoral processes]. | microbiocenoses of 47 patients with tumor processes of colon and 18 persons of control group have been researched. the increase, in comparison with control of inoculation frequency of hemolytic escherichia and escherichia with lowered biochemical activity, partial replacement of the resident microflora on commensal microorganisms is registered. isolation of opportunistic enterobacteria (genus citrobacter and klebsiella) was observed more often. the increase of frequency of bacteroides and clostr ... | 2005 | 15765884 |
| [urinary tract infections in children--etiologic agents and susceptibility to antibiotics]. | urinary tract infections (utis) are common clinical problem in pediatric hospitals. the aim of this study was to compare the incidence of utis during two different time periods (from february 1999 to march 2000, and from april 2000 to september 2001) in pediatric patients treated in ambulatory or hospitalized in new children hospital. the frequency of occurrence of esbl--producing gram-negative rods increased during second period study. the isolated esbl--producing strains were resistant also to ... | 2004 | 15765758 |
| changing bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivities of purulent dacryocystitis. | to examine the current spectrum of bacterial isolates in cases of chronic dacryocystitis and dacryoabcess and to determine their antibiotic sensitivities. | 2005 | 15764113 |
| (1)h nmr spectroscopy in the diagnosis of pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced urinary tract infection. | the utility of (1)h nmr spectroscopy is suggested and demonstrated for the diagnosis of pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection (uti). the specific property of p. aeruginosa of metabolizing nicotinic acid to 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-ohna) is exploited. the quantity of 6-ohna produced correlates well with the viable bacterial count. other common bacteria causing uti such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, enterobacter aerogenes, acinetobacter baumanii, proteus mirabilis, citro ... | 2005 | 15759292 |
| vertically acquired neonatal citrobacter brain abscess - case report and review of the literature. | vertically acquired citrobacter meningitis in the neonate is very rare and carries a very high mortality and morbidity. overall, approximately 30% of neonates with citrobacter meningitis die and 50% sustain some damage to the cns. the authors describe a case of a newborn with citrobacter koseri meningitis with multiple brain abscesses, with a successful outcome following multiple burr-hole aspirations and prolonged antibiotic therapy. an aggressive surgical approach combined with intravenous ant ... | 2005 | 15749429 |
| microbial mutation as a source of polyclonality in the gut of the critically ill. | 2005 | 15749330 | |
| susceptibility testing of urinary isolates of escherichia coli to mecillinam using nccls methodology. | criteria for susceptibility testing of mecillinam against 533 isolates of escherichia coli and a further 309 enterobacteriaceae, according to nccls methodology, were determined. correlation of mic to inhibition zones was good for all species. for urinary isolates of e. coli, the following agar dilution breakpoints and corresponding interpretive zone diameters seem appropriate: < or = 8 mg/l/> or = 15 mm for susceptible; 16 mg/l/12-14 mm for intermediate susceptible and > or = 32 mg/l/< or = 11 m ... | 2005 | 15737512 |
| citrobacter rodentium lifa/efa1 is essential for colonic colonization and crypt cell hyperplasia in vivo. | previously, we have identified a large gene (lifa, for lymphocyte inhibitory factor a) in enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) encoding a protein termed lymphostatin that suppresses cytokine expression in vitro. this protein also functions as an adhesion factor for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and shiga toxin-producing e. coli and is alternatively known as efa1 (ehec factor for adherence 1). the lifa/efa1 gene is also present in citrobacter rodentium, an enteric pathogen that causes a di ... | 2005 | 15731042 |
| isolation of gram-negative bacteria from cockroaches trapped from urban environment. | three different areas--hospital, food-handling establishments and human dwellings, were surveyed for pathogenic gram-negative bacteria carried on the cuticles of cockroaches. fifty species of bacteria were identified from all cockroaches. escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently found. pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria represented 58% of all bacteria identified. the numbers of pathogenic and potentially pathogeni ... | 2004 | 15689087 |
| the flag-2 locus, an ancestral gene cluster, is potentially associated with a novel flagellar system from escherichia coli. | escherichia coli k-12 possesses two adjacent, divergent, promoterless flagellar genes, fhia-mbha, that are absent from salmonella enterica. through bioinformatics analysis, we found that these genes are remnants of an ancestral 44-gene cluster and are capable of encoding a novel flagellar system, flag-2. in enteroaggregative e. coli strain 042, there is a frameshift in lfgc that is likely to have inactivated the system in this strain. tiling path pcr studies showed that the flag-2 cluster is pre ... | 2005 | 15687208 |
| acid hydrolysis and quantitative determination of total hexosamines of an exopolysaccharide produced by citrobacter sp. | during the hydrolysis of an exopolysaccharide (eps) produced by citrobacter sp., the maximum liberation of hexosamine was obtained with 6 m hcl at 115 degrees c in an autoclave for 1 h. the glycosidic bond energy and degree of acetylation of the hexosamine in eps were approximately 77 kj mol(-1) and 61%, respectively. thermal destruction of the hexosamines and the effect of salt on the hexosamine determination could be minimized under the optimized hydrolytic conditions. using a modified elson-m ... | 2005 | 15685413 |
| infected urachal cyst presenting as fever of unknown origin. | 2005 | 15678236 | |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in isolates obtained in german intensive care units. | screening of 703 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, obtained from 34 german intensive care units (icus), revealed qnr-positive, integron-containing isolates of enterobacter sp. and citrobacter freundii from four patients in 2 german icus. this is one of the first reports of qnr-positive strains obtained from patients in europe. | 2005 | 15673764 |
| a genomic population genetics analysis of the pathogenic enterocyte effacement island in escherichia coli: the search for the unit of selection. | comparative genomic analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the history and organization of complete genomes. the mathematical tools of population genetics combined with genomic analysis provide a powerful approach to dissect heterogeneities in genome evolution. this study presents a hierarchical analysis of the enterocyte and effacement island (35 kb), which is found in the enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains in escherichia coli and in citrobacter rodentium. the locus of entero ... | 2005 | 15668384 |
| 16s rdna sequencing revealed citrobacter freundii as the cause of liver abcess after banding of rectal haemorrhoids. | 2005 | 15667920 | |
| espj is a prophage-carried type iii effector protein of attaching and effacing pathogens that modulates infection dynamics. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, and citrobacter rodentium are highly adapted enteropathogens that successfully colonize their host's gastrointestinal tract via the formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions. these pathogens utilize a type iii secretion system (ttss) apparatus, encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement, to translocate bacterial effector proteins into epithelial cells. here, we report the identification of espj (e. coli-secreted protein j), ... | 2005 | 15664905 |
| [bacterial causes of meningitis in newborns]. | bacterial meningitis jeopardizes the life of affected newborns and in survived children often leaves permanent sequels. the sooner the diagnosis is established and the therapy is started, the more a prosperous outcome can be expected. when the indication is established, lumbar punction should be performed. on the basis of the results of cytological and biochemical analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) that point to bacterial meningitis, the initial therapy should begin even before the result ... | 2001 | 15637989 |
| [a new member of cmy type cephalosporinase prevailing in escherichia coli]. | to study the resistant phenotype and molecular biology character of plasmid mediated high ampc-producing clinical isolates of escherichia coli and to find new ampc genotype. | 2004 | 15631796 |
| attaching-effacing bacteria in animals. | enteric bacteria with a demonstrable or potential ability to form attaching-effacing lesions, so-called attaching-effacing (ae) bacteria, have been found in the intestinal tracts of a wide variety of warm-blooded animal species, including man. in some host species, for example cattle, pigs, rabbits and human beings, attaching-effacing escherichia coli (aeec) have an established role as enteropathogens. in other host species, ae bacteria are of less certain significance. with continuing advances ... | 2005 | 15629476 |
| detection and characterization of beta-lactamase genes in subgingival bacteria from patients with refractory periodontitis. | fifty-three beta-lactamase-producing strains of oral bacteria isolated from patients with refractory periodontitis in norway and usa were screened for the presence of the bla(tem), bla(shv), bla(oxa), bla(ampc), bla(cfxa), and bla(cepa/cbla) genes by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr products were characterized by direct sequencing of the amplified dna. thirty-four of the 53 enzyme-producing strains (64%) were positive in one of the pcr assays. all beta-lactamase-producing prevotella ... | 2005 | 15621454 |
| overexpression system and biochemical profile of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase expressed in escherichia coli. | an efficient over-expression system was developed for ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase. the recombinant enzyme was purified from 1 l of culture to yield 22 mg of pure enzyme. the n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be nh2-qtadvq... determination of kinetic parameters with the purified ctx-m-3 revealed efficient hydrolysis of penicillins and cephalosporins, while ceftazidime and aztreonam were very poor substrates. clavulanic acid, sulbactam and especially tazobactam inhibite ... | 2004 | 15598537 |
| vaccine-induced protection against gastrointestinal bacterial infections in the absence of secretory antibodies. | secretory iga (siga) is widely held to be responsible for the defense of the mucosae against pathogenics and other potentially harmful agents. in this study, polymeric ig receptor (pigr) knockout mice, which lack secretory antibodies (sab), were used to investigate the role of vaccine-elicited sab in protection against gastrointestinal bacterial infections. an essential role for specific sab in protection against vibrio cholerae was evident from experiments showing that vaccinated pigr(-/-) mice ... | 2005 | 15593123 |
| quantification of salmonella by 5'-nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction targeted to fimc gene. | a new 5'-nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the quantification of salmonella enterica was developed, with primers and the probe oriented to a salmonella-specific region of the fimc gene. the pcr system was specific and sensitive, its inclusivity was 100% (determined by the analysis of 53 strains of salmonella belonging to 38 serovars) and its exclusivity was 100% (determined by the analysis of 49 non-salmonella strains). for quantification purposes, calibration lines w ... | 2004 | 15592843 |
| histidine decarboxylase in enterobacteriaceae revisited. | with a modification of taylor's decarboxylation broth, histidine decarboxylase was detected in enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, raoultella ornithinolytica, and some strains of citrobacter youngae and raoultella planticola. this method provides a useful confirmatory test for identification of e. aerogenes strains. | 2004 | 15583342 |
| improved borate method for the rapid distinction of glucosamine and galactosamine in an exopolysaccharide produced by citrobacter sp. | an improved borate method for the quantitative distinction of glucosamine (glcn) and galactosamine (galn) in a mixture is presented which is based on the elson-morgan method with addition of sodium borate to differentiate colour formation by the two hexosamines. the r2 value and maximum deviation of the method based on calculations derived in this study were 0.9979 and 5.1 %, respectively. using this method, the glcn/galn ratio in an exopolysaccharide (eps) produced by citrobacter sp. was found ... | 2004 | 15562551 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel 6-methylidene penems as beta-lactamase inhibitors. | novel penem molecules with heterocycle substitutions at the 6 position via a methylidene linkage were investigated for their activities and efficacy as beta-lactamase inhibitors. the concentrations of these molecules that resulted in 50% inhibition of enzyme activity were 0.4 to 3.1 nm for the tem-1 enzyme, 7.8 to 72 nm for imi-1, 1.5 to 4.8 nm for ampc, and 14 to 260 nm for a ccra metalloenzyme. all the inhibitors were more stable than imipenem against hydrolysis by hog and human dehydropeptida ... | 2004 | 15561830 |
| identification of enterobacteriaceae from washed and unwashed commercial shell eggs. | to evaluate the effect of processing on the safety and quality of retail shell eggs, a storage study was conducted with unwashed and commercially washed eggs. this work demonstrated that commercial processing decreased microbial contamination of eggshells. to know which species persisted during storage on washed or unwashed eggs, enterobacteriaceae isolates were selected and identified biochemically. for each of three replications, shell eggs were purchased from a commercial processing plant, tr ... | 2004 | 15553650 |
| occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in agricultural foodstuffs. | antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their corresponding resistance determinants are known to spread from animals to humans via the food chain. we screened 20 vegetable foods for antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci. isolates were directly selected on antibiotic-containing selective agar (color detection). thirteen "common vegetables" (tomato, mushrooms, salad) possessed 10(4)-10(7) cfu/g vegetable of coliform bacteria including only few antibiotic-resistant variants (0-10(5) cfu/g ... | 2004 | 15538714 |
| targeting of enteropathogenic escherichia coli espf to host mitochondria is essential for bacterial pathogenesis: critical role of the 16th leucine residue in espf. | the attachment of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) to host cells and the induction of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions are prominent pathogenic features. epec infection also leads to host cell death and damage to the intestinal mucosa, which is partly dependent upon espf, one of the effectors. in this study, we demonstrate that espf is a mitochondrial import protein with a functional mitochondrial targeting signal (mts), because espf activity for importing into the mitochondria was a ... | 2005 | 15533930 |
| role of lysine-256 in citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase in monovalent cation activation. | tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) from citrobacter freundii is dependent on monovalent cations, k(+) or nh(4)(+), for high activity. we have shown previously that glu-69, which is a ligand to the bound cation, is important in monovalent cation binding and activation [sundararaju, b., chen, h., shillcutt, s., and phillips, r. s. (2000) biochemistry 39, 8546-8555]. lys-256 is located in the monovalent cation binding site of tpl, where it forms a hydrogen bond with a structural water bound to the cation. ... | 2004 | 15533046 |
| identification and phylogeny of enterobacter sakazakii relative to enterobacter and citrobacter species. | the phylogenetic relationships of enterobacter sakazakii strains were investigated using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and hsp60 sequencing. each analysis distributed e. sakazakii strains among four clusters, indicating substantial taxonomic heterogeneity. the e. sakazakii type strain 16s rdna sequence was 97.8% similar to that of citrobacter koseri but 97.0% similar to that of enterobacter cloacae. | 2004 | 15528745 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli: laboratory-based surveillance in cooperation with 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan. | a total of 19,753 strains of gram-negative rods collected during two 6-month periods (october 2000 to march 2001 and november 2001 to april 2002) from 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan were investigated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls). mbls were detected in 96 (0.5%) of the 19,753 isolates by the broth microdilution method, the 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibition test, and pcr and dna sequencing analyses. mbl-positive isolates were detected in 9 of 13 lab ... | 2004 | 15528723 |
| antimicrobial effect of water extract of sumac (rhus coriaria l.) on the growth of some food borne bacteria including pathogens. | the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of sumac (rhus coriaria l.) at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/v), non-neutralized and after neutralization to ph 7.2+/-0.1, was studied on the growth of 12 bacterial strains (six gram positive strains and six gram negative strains), mostly food borne including pathogens. it was found to be effective against all the test organisms with gram positive strains being more sensitive than gram negative strains. significant differences (p< ... | 2004 | 15527919 |
| the lymphotoxin-beta receptor is critical for control of murine citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | lymphotoxin is a tumor necrosis factor-family cytokine. blocking of lymphotoxin alpha 1 beta 2 /lymphotoxin-beta receptor interactions prevents experimental colitis in mice, and this suggests a potential treatment principle of human inflammatory bowel disease. infection of mice with citrobacter rodentium serves as an animal model for human infectious colitis induced by enteropathogenic escherichia coli . we studied the role of lymphotoxin alpha 1 beta 2 /lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling in ci ... | 2004 | 15521015 |
| detection of ticarcillin-clavulonic acid susceptibility with microdilution method in citrobacter, hafnia, proteus and some gram negative bacteria. | the broth dilution method has been regarded as a good alternative test for detection of susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of ticarcillin-clavulonic acid (tim) was investigated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) method on strains of aeromonas, citrobacter, hafnia, morganella, proteus, pseudomonas and gram negative bacteria isolated from raw milk. the isolate collection included 91 gram negative strains. fifty-one (56.04%) isolates were ... | 2004 | 15508433 |
| community-onset disease caused by citrobacter freundii producing a novel ctx-m beta-lactamase, ctx-m-30, in canada. | strains of citrobacter freundii intermediate to cefotaxime but sensitive to ceftazidime were isolated from four different patients in canada. sequencing of pcr products by use of ctx-m-specific primers revealed a new combination of four amino acid substitutions. this new gene was designated bla(ctx-m-30) and was encoded on a 3-kb plasmid. the pi of ctx-m-30 was 8.0. | 2004 | 15504875 |
| four variants of the citrobacter freundii ampc-type cephalosporinases, including novel enzymes cmy-14 and cmy-15, in a proteus mirabilis clone widespread in poland. | twenty-nine proteus mirabilis isolates from 17 polish hospitals were analyzed. the isolates were resistant to a variety of antimicrobials, and their patterns of resistance to beta-lactams resembled those of the constitutive class c cephalosporinase (ampc) producers. indeed, beta-lactamases with a pi of approximately 9.0 were found in all of the isolates, and they were subsequently identified as four ampc-type cephalosporinases, cmy-4, -12, -14, and -15, of which the two last ones were novel enzy ... | 2004 | 15504832 |
| [effects of splenectomy on peritonitis produced by a colonic injury: study in rats]. | study the effects of splenectomy on the intra-abdominal infection by bowel flora, consequent to a colonic injury in wistar rats. | 2004 | 15499477 |
| investigation of the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing nosocomial infections. | the aim of this study is to determine the resistance patterns of bacteria causing nosocomial infections. the outcome of this resistance was followed for 3 years. | 2004 | 15494811 |
| shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion. | shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ... | 2004 | 15493821 |
| [rapid diagnosis of common pathogenic bacteria infection in newborn infants by 16srdna oligonucleotide array]. | the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for earlier effective patient management and antimicrobial therapy, especially for the infant patient, whose immunological system is not fully developed. however conventional microbiogical techniques of bacterial identification, culture and isolation of pathogenic bacteria, identification by biochemistry and serological assay, are time-consuming and require intensive labor. on the basis of special gene sequence, pcr provides simple and ... | 2004 | 15482667 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate- and atp-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases: covalent substrate-binding and kinetic mechanism. | dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinases are a sequence-conserved family of enzymes, which utilize two different phosphoryldonors, atp in animals, plants, and some bacteria, and a multiphosphoprotein of the phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) in most bacteria. here, we compare the pts-dependent kinase of escherichia coli and the atp-dependent kinase of citrobacter freundii. they display 30% sequence identity. the binding constants of the e. coli kinase for eleven short-chain c ... | 2004 | 15476397 |
| evaluation of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | we aimed to assess the performance of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel using a series of 87 oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacilli of various species. | 2004 | 15471997 |
| digestion of cellulose and xylan by symbiotic bacteria in the intestine of the indian flying fox (pteropus giganteus). | bats (order chiroptera) are a widely distributed group of mammals. pteropus giganteus belongs to the suborder megachiroptera. this bat consumes fruits and leaves as their major food. cellulose and xylan are the major composition of leaves. as they consume leaves in their diet, their digestive tract must contain cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria which help in the digestion of cellulose and xylan. the cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria were isolated and screened on berg's agar containing ce ... | 2004 | 15471682 |
| correlation of extended spectrum beta lactamases production with cephalosporin resistance in gram negative bacilli. | beta lactamase production is an important mechanism of developing resistance to beta lactam group of antibiotics. cephlosporins with extended spectrum of activity and stability were introduced to overcome this resistance, but soon production of extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls), which are inducible in nature was reported. in this study klebsiella aerogenes--166, escherichia coli--120, citrobacter spps--116, pseudomonas spps--50, proteus spps--32 and s. typhi--16, strains were subjected t ... | 2004 | 15471144 |
| impaired immunity to intestinal bacterial infection in stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-3)-deficient mice. | infection of mice with the intestinal bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium results in colonic mucosal hyperplasia and a local th1 inflammatory response similar to that seen in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) have been shown to mediate matrix remodeling and cell migration during tissue injury and repair in the intestine. we have previously shown enhanced pathology in infected tnfrp55-/-, il-12p40-/-, and ifn-gamma-/- mice, and here we show that thi ... | 2004 | 15470062 |
| macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterisation of spontaneous colitis in a transgenic mouse, deficient in the multiple drug resistance 1a gene. | 1 a novel animal model of spontaneous colonic inflammation, the multiple drug-resistant (mdr1) a(-/-) mouse, was identified by panwala and colleagues in 1998. the aim of our study was to further characterise this model, specifically by measuring cytokines that have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) (il-8 and ifn-gamma) in the colon/rectum of mdr1a(-/-) mice, and by determining the sensitivity of these, together with the macroscopic, microscopic and disease signs of colitis, to ... | 2004 | 15466445 |
| citrobacter koseri infection and abscess associated with harrington rods. | 2004 | 15454901 | |
| bacterial infection and tissue-specific hsp72, -73 and -90 expression in western painted turtles. | heat shock proteins (hsps) are molecular chaperones that assist intracellular folding, assembly and translocation of proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. a variety of stresses including hyperthermia, radiation, heavy metals, ischemia, anoxia and reoxygenation have been shown to increase the expression of hsps. likewise, bacterial infection represents a stress for the host cell. in this study, expression of the constitutive (hsp73) and inducible (hsp72) isoforms of hsp70 and hsp90 was mo ... | 2004 | 15450861 |
| changes in the organisms of resistant peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | peritonitis is one of the most serious complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). approximately 20% of peritonitis infections have been reported to be resistant to initial therapy, either failing to resolve with appropriate antibiotics or relapsing within 2 weeks of antibiotic discontinuation. to investigate the current situation with regard to resistant peritonitis, we retrospectively examined the incidence and the organisms of resistant peritonitis in our unit over a pe ... | 2004 | 15384795 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2002). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the bacterial strains isolated from 491 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (utis) in 13 institutions in japan were supplied between august 2002 and july 2003. the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. of them, 578 strains were estimated as causative bacteria and used for the investigation. the number of them was 578 strains consisting of 177 gram-positive bacterial strains (30.6%) and 401 gram-negative bacterial strains (69.4%). agai ... | 2004 | 15376785 |
| relationships of the escherichia coli o157, o111, and o55 o-antigen gene clusters with those of salmonella enterica and citrobacter freundii, which express identical o antigens. | escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica o30, and citrobacter freundii f90 have identical o-antigen structures, as do e. coli o55 and s. enterica o50. the o-antigen gene cluster sequences for e. coli o157 and e. coli o55 have been published, and the genes necessary for o-antigen biosynthesis have been identified, although transferase genes for glycosidic linkages are only generic and have not been allocated to specific linkages. we determined sequences for s. enterica o30 and c. freundii f90 o ... | 2004 | 15375135 |
| improved laboratory diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies using pcr and ribosomal rna sequence analysis. | during october 1999 to november 2000, 98 blood culture specimens from the same number of febrile episodes originating from 49 patients with hematological malignancies were examined for the presence of eubacteria and fungi based on 16s rrna gene and the 5.8, 18 and 28s rrna combined with in vitro pcr amplification and sequencing, in addition to conventional blood culture laboratory techniques. nineteen of the samples were associated with positive blood cultures. eubacterial (16s rrna) pcr detecte ... | 2004 | 15370218 |
| a selective differential medium for enterobacter sakazakii, a preliminary study. | enterobacter sakazakii can cause fatal invasive infection of neonates associated with the presence of this organism in powdered infant milk formula. a new chromogenic medium (druggan-forsythe-iversen agar, dfi) is described for the selective detection of this emergent pathogen. the medium is based on the alpha-glucosidase reaction which is detected using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha,d-glucopyranoside (xalphaglc). ent. sakazakii hydrolyses this substrate to an indigo pigment, producing blue-g ... | 2004 | 15364468 |
| newer carbapenems for urinary tract infections. | four carbapenems have been available clinically in japan. these are imipenem/cilastatin (imip/cs) and panipenem/ betamipron (pani/bp) of the older compounds and newer carbapenems such as biapem (biap) and meropenem (mero). the latter compounds are relatively stable to dehydropeptidase-1 (dhp-1) and have been reported to have higher antimicrobial activities compared to the earlier carbapenems. the antimicrobial activity of these four carbapenems against fresh urinary isolates showed high activiti ... | 2004 | 15364304 |
| digestive pathology of sea turtles stranded in the canary islands between 1993 and 2001. | digestive lesions were observed in 84 of 136 sea turtles (128 caretta caretta, four chelonia mydas and four dermochelys coriacea) stranded in the canary islands between january 1993 and december 2001. in the oral cavity ulcerative and necropurulent stomatitis were the most frequently observed lesions, and in the oesophagus ulcerative and fibrinous oesophagitis, and traumatic oesophageal perforation were most frequently observed; all these lesions were mainly associated with the ingestion of fish ... | 2004 | 15357377 |
| isolation of citrobacter sp. mutants defective in decolorization of brilliant green by transposon mutagenesis. | to identify genes involved in the decolorization of brilliant green, we isolated random mutants generated by transposon insertion in brilliant green-decolorizing bacterium, citrobacter sp. the resulting mutant bank yielded 19 mutants with a complete defect in terms of the brilliant green color removing ability. southern hybridization with a tn5 fragment as a probe showed a single hybridized band in 7 mutants and these mutants appeared to have insertions at different sites of the chromosome. tn5- ... | 2004 | 15357308 |
| organ specificity, colonization and clearance dynamics in vivo following oral challenges with the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium belongs to a family of human and animal enteric pathogens that includes the clinically significant enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). these pathogens use attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions to colonize the host gastrointestinal tract. in this study we have used bioluminescence imaging (bli) to investigate the organ specificity, dynamics of colonization and clearance of mice by c. rodentium in situ and in real time. the biolumine ... | 2004 | 15339271 |
| a small outbreak of third generation cephem-resistant citrobacter freundii infection on a surgical ward. | 2004 | 15329453 | |
| isolation and characterisation of bacterial strains containing enantioselective dmso reductase activity: application to the kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides. | the kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides by dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) reductases was investigated with a range of microorganisms. three bacterial isolates (provisionally identified as citrobacter braakii, klebsiella sp. and serratia sp.) expressing dmso reductase activity were isolated from environmental samples by anaerobic enrichment with dmso as terminal electron acceptor. the organisms reduced a diverse range of racemic sulfoxides to yield either residual enantiomer depending upon the st ... | 2004 | 15322772 |
| a salmonella fim homologue in citrobacter freundii mediates invasion in vitro and crossing of the blood-brain barrier in the rat pup model. | from the invasive citrobacter freundii strain 3009, an invasion determinant was cloned, sequenced, and expressed. sequence analysis of the determinant showed high homology with the fim determinant from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the genes of the invasion determinant directed invasion of recombinant escherichia coli k-12 strains into human epithelial cell lines of the bladder and gut as well as mannose-sensitive yeast agglutination and were termed fim(cf) genes. expression of the fi ... | 2004 | 15322026 |
| ssek1 and ssek2 are novel translocated proteins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes disease symptoms ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. a key virulence strategy is the translocation of bacterial effector proteins into the host cell, mediated by the type iii secretion systems (ttsss) encoded in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) and spi-2. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, we identified the protein products of stm4157 and stm2137 as novel candidate secreted proteins by ... | 2004 | 15322005 |
| colonization by aerobic bacteria in karst: laboratory and in situ experiments. | experiments were carried out to investigate the potential for bacterial colonization of different substrates in karst aquifers and the nature of the colonizing bacteria. laboratory batch experiments were performed using limestone and pvc as substrates, a natural bacterial isolate and a known laboratory strain (escherichia coli [e. coli]) as inocula, and karst ground water and a synthetic formula as growth media. in parallel, fragments of limestone and granite were submerged in boreholes penetrat ... | 2004 | 15318775 |
| [incidence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteria in the area of caltagirone (sicily)]. | the authors report the incidence of extended spectrum b-lactamases (esbl)- producing strains in 1,602 enterobacteria consecutively isolated, from april 2002 to december 2003, in caltagirone (ct) hospital, and their in vitro susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents. the incidence of esbl-producing enterobacteria was equal to 1.5%, mainly among escherichia coli, klebsiella spp and citrobacter koseri, isolated by emergency and medicine wards. in vitro, the enterobacteria were fully susceptibl ... | 2004 | 15316296 |
| treatment of dairy wastewater using a selected bacterial isolate, alcaligenes sp. mmrr7. | physicochemical and biologic analysis of dairy wastewater showed that the effluent had a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand [cod]: 5095 mg/l), an acidic ph (6.4), and a high probability of coliforms (most probable number [mpn] >1100). the various bacterial strains isolated and purified were identified as sporolactobacillus sp., citrobacter sp., pseudomonas sp., alcaligenes sp., bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp., and proteus sp., as per the bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. among ... | 2004 | 15304739 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterobacteriaceae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a french hospital. | in 2002, 80 isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were collected from infected patients in our hospital. enterobacter aerogenes was the most common bacterium isolated from all specimens (36.5%). the esbls were predominantly (90%) tem derivatives (tem-24, tem-3). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis highlighted that e. aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, and citrobacter koseri had a clonal propagation. | 2004 | 15297534 |
| predominance and genetic diversity of community- and hospital-acquired ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in york, uk. | this study was conducted to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae within the faecal flora of both community- and hospital-based patients in york and to characterize the bla(tem), bla(shv) and bla(ctx-m) genes present in these isolates. | 2004 | 15294889 |
| frequency and diversity of class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in hospitals of the auvergne, france: a 2 year prospective study. | to evaluate the frequency and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) produced by enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in one french region. | 2004 | 15282240 |
| three cases of post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by unusual bacteria. | three cases of post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by unusual bacteria are presented. the pathogens identified were: (i) bacillus cereus and citrobacter freundii; (ii) pseudomonas fluorescens; and (iii) chryseobacterium meningosepticum and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. two of these pathogens have not previously been reported to cause endophthalmitis. the available literature regarding the individual cases is summarized and a brief discussion of post-traumatic endophthalmitis is presented, with ... | 2004 | 15281988 |
| cmy-13, a novel inducible cephalosporinase encoded by an escherichia coli plasmid. | an incn plasmid (p541) from escherichia coli carried a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence of 4,252 bp which included an ampc-ampr region and was bound by two directly repeated is26 elements. ampc encoded a novel cephalosporinase (cmy-13) with activity similar to that of cmy-2. ampr was likely functional as indicated in induction experiments. | 2004 | 15273143 |
| incidence of enteric bacteria and staphylococcus aureus in day care centers in akwa ibom state, nigeria. | the incidence of enteric bacteria and staphylococcus aureus in four day care centers in akwa ibom state was studied using culture techniques. the percentage frequencies of the isolates from 124 samples were staphylococcus aureus (33.9), escherichia coli (19.0), klebsiella sp (14.4), citrobacter sp (12.5) and proteus mirabilis (7.4). the sources of contamination were floors, chairs, skin, bed linen, door handles, fans, children's tables, walls, windows, ceiling, headmistress's table and chairs, d ... | 2004 | 15272770 |
| an improved pcr primer pair based on 16s rdna for the specific detection of salmonella serovars in food samples. | salmonella serovars are some of the major bacterial pathogens that can cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness. based on the sequence data in the v3 region of the 16s rrna gene, two pcr primer pairs have been designed for the detection of all serovars of salmonella. however, none of these primers were specific for salmonella because complete sequence homology with certain non-salmonella strains has been found within each of them. thus, the specificities of these two primer pairs ... | 2004 | 15270483 |
| isolation of citrobacter sp. mutants defective in decolorizing malachite green. | to identify genes involved in the decolorization of malachite green, random mutants generated by transposon insertion in the malachite green-decolorizing bacterium, citrobacter sp. were isolated. the resulting mutant bank yielded 24 mutants with complete defects in their abilities to decolorize malachite green. southern hybridization with a tn5 fragment as a probe showed a single hybridized band in 7 mutants, which appeared to have insertions at different sites of the chromosome. the tn5-inserte ... | 2004 | 15266605 |
| protective role of arginase in a mouse model of colitis. | arginase is the endogenous inhibitor of inducible no synthase (inos), because both enzymes use the same substrate, l-arginine (arg). importantly, arginase synthesizes ornithine, which is metabolized by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (odc) to produce polyamines. we investigated the role of these enzymes in the citrobacter rodentium model of colitis. arginase i, inos, and odc were induced in the colon during the infection, while arginase ii was not up-regulated. l-arg supplementation of wild-t ... | 2004 | 15265947 |
| multienzyme system for dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolase catalyzed c-c bond formation from dihydroxyacetone. | a multienzyme system composed by recombinant dihydroxyacetone kinase from citrobacter freundii, fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase and acetate kinase, allows a practical one-pot c-c bond formation catalysed by dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolases from dihydroxyacetone and an aldehyde. | 2004 | 15263954 |
| properties of air dried radiation processed amniotic membranes under different storage conditions. | amniotic membranes collected from the placentae of screened donors were processed, air dried and sterilized by gamma irradiation at 25 kgy. effect of storage under different temperature and humidity conditions (10 degrees c, rh 80-90%; 10 degrees c, rh 40-50%; 40 degrees c, rh 50-60% and 40 degrees c, rh 10-20%) on the properties of the membrane were examined. infrared (ir) spectral scanning was carried out to examine degradation or change if any in the tissue under different storage conditions. ... | 2003 | 15256845 |
| kirby-bauer disc approximation to detect inducible third-generation cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae. | resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in enteric gram-negative bacilli may be difficult to detect using standard methods of either kirby-bauer disc diffusion (kbdd) or broth dilution for minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). this difficulty is due to genetic differences in resistance determinants, differences in levels of gene expression, and variation in spectra of enzymatic activity against the substrate beta-lactams used for susceptibility testing. we have examined 95 clinical isolates repo ... | 2004 | 15256000 |
| in vitro activity of ave1330a, an innovative broad-spectrum non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor. | production of beta-lactamases is the main mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacteria. despite the current use of clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam, the prevalence of class a and class c enzymes is increasing worldwide, demanding new beta-lactamase inhibitors. here we report the antimicrobial properties of ave1330a, a representative of a novel class of bridged bicyclico[3.2.1]diazabicyclo-octanones in combination with ceftazidime. materials and methods: ic(50) and kinet ... | 2004 | 15254025 |
| molecular biology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae responsible for digestive tract colonization. | twenty-nine extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae strains (14 klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 escherichia coli and five citrobacter diversus) isolated from april to july 1996 from faecal carriers in a surgical intensive care unit at the university hospital of casablanca (morocco) were studied. plasmid content and dna macrorestriction polymorphism determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were used to compare the strains. restriction profiles of total genomic ... | 2004 | 15236848 |
| endocarditis due to citrobacter freundii. | the etiologic association of acute bacterial endocarditis with the citrobacter species has been rare, although it is one of the opportunistic organisms that afflicts the elderly, neonates, the debilitated and immunocompromised. we report a case of endocarditis due to citrobacter freundii. | 1984 | 15227087 |
| neonatal neutropenia and bacterial sepsis associated with placental transfer of maternal neutrophil-specific autoantibodies. | passively acquired neonatal neutropenia is an infrequently reported complication of maternal autoimmune neutropenia (ain). two affected siblings are described. the firstborn developed citrobacter meningitis and was permanently disabled. the second was success-fully managed with pre- and postnatal injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhug-csf). | 2004 | 15225245 |
| antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and rationale for empirical intravenous therapy. | empirical antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infection (uti) in children must rely on surveillance data on the epidemiology and resistance patterns of common uropathogens. a retrospective analysis of bacteria isolated from children with uti irrespective of underlying disease or pre-treatment was performed at the university hospital of freiburg, germany, in 1997, and from 1999 to 2001. in the first study period, 261 positive urine samples and in the second period 684 positive samples were anal ... | 2004 | 15221429 |
| resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobials among pathogens of both bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection. | this study examined the distribution of organisms and their antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted due to acute bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection (uti). during a period of 1 year and 1 month, a total of 201 patients and 253 bacterial isolates were studied. fever higher than 38.5 degrees c was significantly more common in the bacteremic group than the non-bacteremic group (68% vs 48%; p<0.05). escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerug ... | 2004 | 15221039 |
| pneumocephalus in neonatal meningitis: diffuse, necrotizing meningo-encephalitis in citrobacter meningitis presenting with pneumatosis oculi and pneumocephalus. | objective/patient: gas-containing encephalitis is rarely associated with neonatal meningitis. we report a case of a 19-day-old baby who presented with a rapid onset of septic shock complicated by progressively increasing gas accumulation within the brain and anterior chamber of the eye. we describe the evolution of the clinical picture and the management. | 2004 | 15215013 |
| initiation and resolution of mucosal inflammation. | antigens entering the body through the mucosal surface are screened by a highly developed immune system comprised not only of traditional lymphoid cells but also epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and antigen-presenting cells (apcs). for example, in the intestinal tract, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (galt) is tolerant to the approx 400 separate commensal strains residing mainly in the colon, but also retains the capacity to detect and remove virulent bacteria before they infect systemically. this ... | 2004 | 15181286 |
| [bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study]. | bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study. between january and december 2001, we analyzed 80,141 blood cultures by the bact-alert system (14,960 fan aerobics, 3,855 fan anaerobic, 11,114 standards aerobics, 11,367 standards anaerobic, 12,054 pediatrics and 26,791 fan pediatrics bottles) and 44.235 series from 27.615 patients at eight hospitals of buenos aires city, one of la plata city and three of the buenos aires province. a ... | 2004 | 15174746 |