Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| development of a new real-time pcr system for simultaneous detection of bacteria and fungi in pathological samples. | a novel system for simultaneous detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in pathological samples was developed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system. this system, designated the "multi-microbial real-time pcr", has the potential to simultaneously detect 68 bacterial and 9 fungal species in a 96-well plate format. all probe-primer sets were designed to produce amplicons smaller than 210 bp using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples as input. the specificity and sensitivit ... | 2015 | 26823918 |
| rare encounter of unilateral facial nerve palsy in an adolescent with guillain-barré syndrome. | unilateral facial nerve palsy is rarely encountered in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with peripheral ascending weakness, preceded by campylobacter jejuni infection. after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, the peripheral weakness improved. electro-diagnostic testing confirmed axonal dysfunction and the patient was positive for antiganglioside antibodies. however, the patient developed unilateral left-sided facial weakness. she was man ... | 2016 | 26823357 |
| development of a specific monoclonal antibody for the quantification of artemisinin in artemisia annua and rat serum. | artemisinin, extracted from artemisia annua, and its derivatives are important frontline antimalarials. to produce specific antibodies for the detection and quantification of artemisinin, artemisinin was transformed to 9-hydroxyartemisinin by microbial fermentation, which was used to prepare a 9-succinate artemisinin hapten for conjugation with ovalbumin. a monoclonal antibody (mab), designated as 3h7a10, was selected from hybridoma cell lines which showed high specificity to artemisinin. no com ... | 2016 | 26822789 |
| inhibiting helicobacter pylori htra protease by addressing a computationally predicted allosteric ligand binding site. | helicobacter pylori is associated with inflammatory diseases and can cause gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoma. one of the bacterium's key proteins is high temperature requirement a (hphtra) protein, an extracellular serine protease that cleaves e-cadherin of gastric epithelial cells, which leads to loss of cell-cell adhesion. inhibition of hphtra may constitute an intervention strategy against h. pylori infection. guided by the computational prediction of hypothetical ligand binding s ... | 2014 | 26819700 |
| radiological features of gastrointestinal lymphoma. | gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 5-20% of extranodal lymphomas and mainly occur in the stomach and small intestine. clinical findings are not specific, thus often determining a delay in the diagnosis. imaging features at conventional and cross-sectional imaging must be known by the radiologist since he/she plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and disease assessment, thus assisting in the choice of the optimal treatment to patients. this review focuses on the wide variety of imaging presenta ... | 2015 | 26819598 |
| radiological features of gastrointestinal lymphoma. | gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 5-20% of extranodal lymphomas and mainly occur in the stomach and small intestine. clinical findings are not specific, thus often determining a delay in the diagnosis. imaging features at conventional and cross-sectional imaging must be known by the radiologist since he/she plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and disease assessment, thus assisting in the choice of the optimal treatment to patients. this review focuses on the wide variety of imaging presenta ... | 2015 | 26819598 |
| diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the vocs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. thes ... | 2016 | 26819529 |
| individual restriction of fine specificity variability in anti-gm1 igg antibodies associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | elevated titers of serum antibodies against gm1 ganglioside are associated with a variety of autoimmune neuropathies. much evidence indicates these autoantibodies play a primary role in the disease processes, but the mechanism for their appearance is unclear. we studied the fine specificity of anti-gm1 antibodies of the igg isotype present in sera from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), using thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining of gm1, asialo-gm1 (ga1), gd1b and gm1-derivatives with ... | 2016 | 26818965 |
| pneumococcus with the "6e" cps locus produces serotype 6b capsular polysaccharide. | genetic studies of serogroup 6 isolates ofstreptococcus pneumoniaeidentified putative serotype 6e. although its capsular polysaccharide structure has not been elucidated, putative serotype 6e is described in an increasing number of studies as a potentially new serotype. we show here that spec6b, which is widely used as a target strain for serotype 6b opsonophagocytosis assays, has the genetic features of the putative serotype 6e but produces capsular polysaccharide identical to 6b capsular polys ... | 2016 | 26818670 |
| a highly macrolide-resistant campylobacter jejuni strain with rare a2074t mutations in 23s rrna genes. | 2016 | 26810658 | |
| differential gene expression patterns in chicken cardiomyocytes during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. | hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) is both an exogenous and endogenous cytotoxic agent that can reliably induce apoptosis in numerous cell types for studies on apoptosis signaling pathways. however, little is known of these apoptotic processes in myocardial cells of chicken, a species prone to progressive heart failure. sequencing of mrna transcripts (rna-seq) allows for the identification of differentially expressed genes under various physiological and pathological conditions to elucidate the molecular ... | 2016 | 26808997 |
| within-host evolution of bacterial pathogens. | whole-genome sequencing has opened the way for investigating the dynamics and genomic evolution of bacterial pathogens during the colonization and infection of humans. the application of this technology to the longitudinal study of adaptation in an infected host--in particular, the evolution of drug resistance and host adaptation in patients who are chronically infected with opportunistic pathogens--has revealed remarkable patterns of convergent evolution, suggestive of an inherent repeatability ... | 2016 | 26806595 |
| novel α-l-fucosidases from a soil metagenome for production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. | this paper describes the discovery of novel α-l-fucosidases and evaluation of their potential to catalyse the transglycosylation reaction leading to production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. seven novel α-l-fucosidase-encoding genes were identified by functional screening of a soil-derived metagenome library and expressed in e. coli as recombinant 6xhis-tagged proteins. all seven fucosidases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 29 (gh 29). six of the seven α-l-fucosidases were substr ... | 2016 | 26800369 |
| two uncommon causes of guillain-barré syndrome: hepatitis e and japanese encephalitis. | we are presenting two cases of guillain-barré syndrome where it is preceded by hepatitis e virus (hev) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection, respectively. our first case is a forty-three-year-old nondiabetic, nonhypertensive female who was initially diagnosed with acute hev induced viral hepatitis and subsequently developed acute onset ascending quadriparesis with lower motor neuron type of bilateral facial nerve palsies and respiratory failure. second patient was a 14-year-old young ... | 2015 | 26798531 |
| evolutionary and functional relationships in the truncated hemoglobin family. | predicting function from sequence is an important goal in current biological research, and although, broad functional assignment is possible when a protein is assigned to a family, predicting functional specificity with accuracy is not straightforward. if function is provided by key structural properties and the relevant properties can be computed using the sequence as the starting point, it should in principle be possible to predict function in detail. the truncated hemoglobin family presents a ... | 2016 | 26788940 |
| a comparison between plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin in children with guillain-barré syndrome in upper egypt. | the aim of our study is to assess the clinico-electrophysiological profile of children with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in upper egypt and to compare the efficacy of plasmapheresis versus other treatment modalities. | 2016 | 26788127 |
| advantages and limitations of potential methods for the analysis of bacteria in milk: a review. | contamination concerns in the dairy industry are motivated by outbreaks of disease in humans and the inability of thermal processes to eliminate bacteria completely in processed products. haccp principles are an important tool used in the food industry to identify and control potential food safety hazards in order to meet customer demands and regulatory requirements. milk testing is of importance to the milk industry regarding quality assurance and monitoring of processed products by researchers ... | 2015 | 26787931 |
| advantages and limitations of potential methods for the analysis of bacteria in milk: a review. | contamination concerns in the dairy industry are motivated by outbreaks of disease in humans and the inability of thermal processes to eliminate bacteria completely in processed products. haccp principles are an important tool used in the food industry to identify and control potential food safety hazards in order to meet customer demands and regulatory requirements. milk testing is of importance to the milk industry regarding quality assurance and monitoring of processed products by researchers ... | 2015 | 26787931 |
| postharvest intervention technologies for safety enhancement of meat and meat based products; a critical review. | globally, the demand for safe, healthy and nutritious meat and allied products possesses improved taste with extended shelf life is mounting. microbial safety is among the imperative challenges that prevails in meat products because they provide an ideal medium for the growth of microorganisms particularly pathogenic bacteria. the incidence of these microbes can result quality deterioration of products leading towards food borne diseases when consumed by peoples. several preservation technologie ... | 2015 | 26787929 |
| postharvest intervention technologies for safety enhancement of meat and meat based products; a critical review. | globally, the demand for safe, healthy and nutritious meat and allied products possesses improved taste with extended shelf life is mounting. microbial safety is among the imperative challenges that prevails in meat products because they provide an ideal medium for the growth of microorganisms particularly pathogenic bacteria. the incidence of these microbes can result quality deterioration of products leading towards food borne diseases when consumed by peoples. several preservation technologie ... | 2015 | 26787929 |
| phase variation of a type iig restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in campylobacter jejuni strain nctc11168. | phase-variable restriction-modification systems are a feature of a diverse range of bacterial species. stochastic, reversible switches in expression of the methyltransferase produces variation in methylation of specific sequences. phase-variable methylation by both type i and type iii methyltransferases is associated with altered gene expression and phenotypic variation. one phase-variable gene of campylobacter jejuni encodes a homologue of an unusual type iig restriction-modification system in ... | 2016 | 26786317 |
| molecular characterization and subtyping of blastocystis species in irritable bowel syndrome patients from north india. | blastocystis species has been extensively studied in recent few years to establish its pathogenecity. present study was designed to identify and examine the association of blastocystis sp. and its subtypes with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).blastocystis sp. detected using wet-mount microscopy, trichrome staining, in-vitro culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay in a cohort of ibs patients (n = 150) and healthy controls (n = 100). isolates of blastocystis sp.were subtyped using sequenc ... | 2016 | 26784888 |
| ochre bathing of the bearded vulture: a bio-mimetic model for early humans towards smell prevention and health. | since primordial times, vultures have been competing with man for animal carcasses. one of these vultures, the once widespread bearded vulture ( gypaetus barbatus ), has the habit of bathing its polluted feathers and skin in red iron oxide - ochre - tainted water puddles. why? primitive man may have tried to find out and may have discovered its advantages. red ochre, which has accompanied human rituals and everyday life for more than 100,000 years, is not just a simple red paint for decoration o ... | 2016 | 26784238 |
| measuring escherichia coli gene expression during human urinary tract infections. | extraintestinal escherichia coli (e. coli) evolved by acquisition of pathogenicity islands, phage, plasmids, and dna segments by horizontal gene transfer. strains are heterogeneous but virulent uropathogenic isolates more often have specific fimbriae, toxins, and iron receptors than commensal strains. one may ask whether it is the virulence factors alone that are required to establish infection. while these virulence factors clearly contribute strongly to pathogenesis, bacteria must survive by m ... | 2016 | 26784237 |
| evidence of antibacterial activities in peptide fractions originating from snow crab (chionoecetes opilio) by-products. | antibacterial peptide fractions generated via proteolytic processing of snow crab by-products exhibited activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. among the bacterial strains tested, peptide fractions demonstrated inhibitory activity against the gram-negative bacteria such as aeromonas caviae, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, listonella anguillarum, morganella morganii, shewanella putrefasciens, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus and against a few gram-posit ... | 2010 | 26781242 |
| characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility and its association with virulence genes related to adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from animals, meat, and humans. | the aim of this research was to statistically analyze the association between antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance to erythromycine, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline and 11 virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity in 528 isolates of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni obtained from retail meat and fecal samples from food-producing animals and human patients. a high percentage of campylobacter strains were resistant to antimicrobials, specificall ... | 2016 | 26779841 |
| exploiting quorum sensing interfering strategies in gram-negative bacteria for the enhancement of environmental applications. | quorum sensing (qs) is a widespread intercellular form of communication to coordinate physiological processes and cooperative activities of bacteria at the population level, and it depends on the production, secretion, and detection of small diffusible autoinducers, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls), auto-inducing oligo-peptides (aips) and autoinducer 2. in this review, the function of qs autoinducers of gram-negative bacteria in different aspects of wastewater treatment systems is examine ... | 2015 | 26779175 |
| exploiting quorum sensing interfering strategies in gram-negative bacteria for the enhancement of environmental applications. | quorum sensing (qs) is a widespread intercellular form of communication to coordinate physiological processes and cooperative activities of bacteria at the population level, and it depends on the production, secretion, and detection of small diffusible autoinducers, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls), auto-inducing oligo-peptides (aips) and autoinducer 2. in this review, the function of qs autoinducers of gram-negative bacteria in different aspects of wastewater treatment systems is examine ... | 2015 | 26779175 |
| novel barite chimneys at the loki's castle vent field shed light on key factors shaping microbial communities and functions in hydrothermal systems. | in order to fully understand the cycling of elements in hydrothermal systems it is critical to understand intra-field variations in geochemical and microbiological processes in both focused, high-temperature and diffuse, low-temperature areas. to reveal important causes and effects of this variation, we performed an extensive chemical and microbiological characterization of a low-temperature venting area in the loki's castle vent field (lcvf). this area, located at the flank of the large sulfide ... | 2015 | 26779165 |
| novel barite chimneys at the loki's castle vent field shed light on key factors shaping microbial communities and functions in hydrothermal systems. | in order to fully understand the cycling of elements in hydrothermal systems it is critical to understand intra-field variations in geochemical and microbiological processes in both focused, high-temperature and diffuse, low-temperature areas. to reveal important causes and effects of this variation, we performed an extensive chemical and microbiological characterization of a low-temperature venting area in the loki's castle vent field (lcvf). this area, located at the flank of the large sulfide ... | 2015 | 26779165 |
| probiotics as a potential alternative for relieving peripheral neuropathies: a case for guillain-barré syndrome. | 2015 | 26779152 | |
| probiotics as a potential alternative for relieving peripheral neuropathies: a case for guillain-barré syndrome. | 2015 | 26779152 | |
| epigenetic regulation of enteric neurotransmission by gut bacteria. | the human microbiome project defined microbial community interactions with the human host, and provided important molecular insight into how epigenetic factors can influence intestinal ecosystems. given physiological context, changes in gut microbial community structure are increasingly found to associate with alterations in enteric neurotransmission and disease. at present, it is not known whether shifts in microbial community dynamics represent cause or consequence of disease pathogenesis. the ... | 2015 | 26778967 |
| epigenetic regulation of enteric neurotransmission by gut bacteria. | the human microbiome project defined microbial community interactions with the human host, and provided important molecular insight into how epigenetic factors can influence intestinal ecosystems. given physiological context, changes in gut microbial community structure are increasingly found to associate with alterations in enteric neurotransmission and disease. at present, it is not known whether shifts in microbial community dynamics represent cause or consequence of disease pathogenesis. the ... | 2015 | 26778967 |
| virulence gene expression, adhesion and invasion of campylobacter jejuni exposed to oxidative stress (h2o2). | studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of oxidative stress conditions (exposure to hydrogen peroxide, h2o2) on [1] the expression of 14 campylobacter jejuni virulence-associated genes associated with motility and/or invasion (flaa, flab, flha, flhb, ciab, iama), adhesion (cadf), cytotoxin production (cdta, cdtb, cdtc) as well as some of the regulators of these genes (rpon, flia, luxs, cj1000), in 10 c. jejuni strains (5 poultry and 5 human) and [2] the ability of these cells to adhere ... | 2016 | 26773256 |
| human milk components modulate toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation. | toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling is central to innate immunity. aberrant expression of tlrs is found in neonatal inflammatory diseases. several bioactive components of human milk modulate tlr expression and signaling pathways, including soluble toll-like receptors (stlrs), soluble cluster of differentiation (scd) 14, glycoproteins, small peptides, and oligosaccharides. some milk components, such as sialyl (α2,3) lactose and lacto-n-fucopentaose iii, are reported to increase tlr signaling; unde ... | 2016 | 26773018 |
| the influence of efflux pump inhibitors on the activity of non-antibiotic nsaids against gram-negative rods. | most patients with bacterial infections suffer from fever and various pains that require complex treatments with antibiotics, antipyretics, and analgaesics. the most common drugs used to relieve these symptoms are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), which are not typically considered antibiotics. here, we investigate the effects of nsaids on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the modulation of bacterial efflux pumps. | 2016 | 26771525 |
| a gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agent: the heat-treated lactobacillus lb. | experimental in vitro and in vivo studies support the hypothesis that heat-treated, lyophilized lactobacillus acidophilus lb cells and concentrated, neutralized spent culture medium conserve the variety of pharmacological, antimicrobial activities of the live probiotic strain against several infectious agents involved in well-established acute and persistent watery diarrhoea and gastritis. heat-treated cells and heat-stable secreted molecules trigger multiple strain-specific activities explainin ... | 2016 | 26770268 |
| the use of fta cards for transport and detection of gyra mutation of campylobacter jejuni from poultry. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate a technique involving the use of commercially available fta classic card (whatman) for transporting and detection of dna to use in pcr analysis and genetic sequencing of campylobacter jejuni of poultry origin. fifty isolates of campylobacter jejuni were obtained from broiler carcasses in rio grande do sul, brazil. antimicrobial susceptibility testing to ciprofloxacin revealed that all 50 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. each isolate was t ... | 2016 | 26769268 |
| the campylobacter jejuni cprrs two-component regulatory system regulates aspects of the cell envelope. | 2015 | 26767725 | |
| association of ulcerative colitis with fut2 and fut3 polymorphisms in patients from southeast china. | dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been implicated in ulcerative colitis (uc). fucosyltransferase (fut) 2 and fut3 determine expression of histo-blood group antigens in the gut and may affect the intestinal microbiota. we investigated the association between fut2 and fut3 polymorphisms and uc in chinese patients. | 2016 | 26766790 |
| automated broad-range molecular detection of bacteria in clinical samples. | molecular detection methods, such as quantitative pcr (qpcr), have found their way into clinical microbiology laboratories for the detection of an array of pathogens. most routinely used methods, however, are directed at specific species. thus, anything that is not explicitly searched for will be missed. this greatly limits the flexibility and universal application of these techniques. we investigated the application of a rapid universal bacterial molecular identification method, is-pro, to rout ... | 2016 | 26763956 |
| alterations of the volatile metabolome in mouse models of alzheimer's disease. | in the present study, we tested whether the volatile metabolome was altered by mutations of the alzheimer's disease (ad)-implicated amyloid precursor protein gene (app) and comprehensively examined urinary volatiles that may potentially serve as candidate biomarkers of ad. establishing additional biomarkers in screening populations for ad will provide enhanced diagnostic specificity and will be critical in evaluating disease-modifying therapies. having strong evidence of gross changes in the vol ... | 2016 | 26762470 |
| quantitative microbial risk assessment for campylobacter spp. on ham in korea. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of illness from campylobacter spp. on ham. to identify the hazards of campylobacter spp. on ham, the general characteristics and microbial criteria for campylobacter spp., and campylobacteriosis outbreaks were investigated. in the exposure assessment, the prevalence of campylobacter spp. on ham was evaluated, and the probabilistic distributions for the temperature of ham surfaces in retail markets and home refrigerators were prepared. in addit ... | 2015 | 26761897 |
| effect of fresh garlic on lipid oxidation and microbiological changes of pork patties during refrigerated storage. | the effects of two levels (1.4 vs 2.8%) of fresh garlic on lipid oxidation and microbial growth in pork patties were evaluated. hunter color (l, a, b), ph, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars), oxidative volatile compounds, total bacteria and enterobacteriaceae in the pork patties with or without fresh garlic were measured during storage at 4℃. addition of fresh garlic decreased redness (a), while increased ph and yellowness (b) values of the fresh pork patties were observed, regardle ... | 2014 | 26761498 |
| irritable bowel syndrome: is it "irritable brain" or "irritable bowel"? | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) has been recognized as one of the most common and best studied disorders among the group of functional gastrointestinal disorders. it is a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain or discomfort is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habit. in the western world, ibs appears to affect up to 20% of the population at any given time but in asian countries, the median value of ibs prevalence defined by various criteria ranges between 6.5% and 10.1%, ... | 2015 | 26752904 |
| zoonotic public health hazards in backyard chickens. | backyard poultry has become increasingly popular in industrialized countries. in addition to keeping chickens for eggs and meat, owners often treat the birds as pets. however, several pathogenic enteric bacteria have the potential for zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans but very little is known about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in backyard flocks. the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., listeria monocytogenes and enteropathoge ... | 2016 | 26752227 |
| recent development of mass spectrometry and proteomics applications in identification and typing of bacteria. | identification and typing of bacteria occupy a large fraction of time and work in clinical microbiology laboratories. with the certification of some ms platforms in recent years, more applications and tests of ms-based diagnosis methods for bacteria identification and typing have been created, not only on well-accepted maldi-tof-ms-based fingerprint matches, but also on solving the insufficiencies of maldi-tof-ms-based platforms and advancing the technology to areas such as targeted ms identific ... | 2016 | 26751976 |
| cloning, expression, purification, regulation, and subcellular localization of a mini-protein from campylobacter jejuni. | the cj1169c-encoded putative protein of campylobacter was expressed and purified from e. coli after sequence optimization. the purified protein allowed the production of a specific rabbit antiserum that was used to study the protein expression in vitro and its subcellular localization in the bacterial cell and putative interactions with other proteins. this protein is produced in campylobacter and it clearly localizes into the periplasmic space. the level of protein production depends on factors ... | 2016 | 26750120 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacterjejuni and campylobacter coli from adult hospitalized patients with diarrhea in thailand. | infection with campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are recognized as the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. | 2015 | 26749592 |
| antimicrobial, rheological, and thermal properties of plasticized polylactide films incorporated with essential oils to inhibit staphylococcus aureus and campylobacter jejuni. | polylactide (pla) is the most mature biobased and biodegradable polymer. due to its inherent brittleness, the polymer cannot be used as a packaging material without plasticizer. an attempt was made to develop antimicrobial plasticized pla film by incorporating polyethylene glycol (peg) and 3 essential oils (eo), namely cinnamon, garlic, and clove by solvent casting method. physical, thermal, and rheological properties of those films were evaluated for practical applications whereas the antimicro ... | 2016 | 26749466 |
| resistant starch alters the microbiota-gut brain axis: implications for dietary modulation of behavior. | the increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. given the interest in di ... | 2016 | 26745269 |
| pcr-rflp provides discrimination for total flaa sequence analysis in clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates. | the aims of this study were to determine the genetic relatedness among 20 clinical campylobacter jejuni samples isolated from children with diarrhea in iran and to introduce the best method of discrimination based on flagellin gene (flaa) sequence divergence. a total of 400 stool specimens were obtained from children under 5 years of age from july 2012 to june 2013. primers were designed based on conserved sequences flanking the flaa gene that encompassed and amplified the entire flaa gene and f ... | 2016 | 26743147 |
| infectious aetiology of marginal zone lymphoma and role of anti-infective therapy. | marginal zone lymphomas have been associated with several infectious agents covering both viral and bacterial pathogens and in some cases a clear aetiological role has been established. pathogenetic mechanisms are currently not completely understood. however, the role of chronic stimulation of the host immune response with persistent lymphocyte activation represents the most convincing explanation for lymphoproliferation. gastric malt lymphoma is strictly associated with helicobacter pylori infe ... | 2016 | 26740867 |
| reptile toll-like receptor 5 unveils adaptive evolution of bacterial flagellin recognition. | toll-like receptors (tlr) are ancient innate immune receptors crucial for immune homeostasis and protection against infection. tlrs are present in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish but have not been functionally characterized in reptiles despite the central position of this animal class in vertebrate evolution. here we report the cloning, characterization, and function of tlr5 of the reptile anolis carolinensis (green anole lizard). the receptor (actlr5) displays the typical tlr protein archit ... | 2016 | 26738735 |
| prevalence and distribution of campylobacter jejuni in small-scale broiler operations. | campylobacter jejuni has been recognized as one of the most prevalent causes of foodborne bacterial illnesses in humans. previous studies have focused on the transmission routes of c. jejuni from commercial flock farms to the final retail product. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of c. jejuni and campylobacter spp. in eggshells, live birds, feed, drinking water, and the rearing environment in a small-scale broiler operation. broilers were raised under two different pro ... | 2016 | 26735032 |
| a bacterial cell shape-determining inhibitor. | helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni are human pathogens and causative agents of gastric ulcers/cancer and gastroenteritis, respectively. recent studies have uncovered a series of proteases that are responsible for maintaining the helical shape of these organisms. the h. pylori metalloprotease csd4 and its c. jejuni homologue pgp1 cleave the amide bond between meso-diaminopimelate and iso-d-glutamic acid in truncated peptidoglycan side chains. deletion of either csd4 or pgp1 results in b ... | 2016 | 26735022 |
| prevalence and risk factors for campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (columba livia) in public areas of montreal, canada. | feral pigeons (columbia livia) can harbor a range of zoonotic pathogens. a transversal study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of feral pigeons infected by various pathogens in public areas in montreal, quebec. cloacal swabs from captured birds were cultured for salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of coxiella burnetii. an oropharyngeal swab was also submitted to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chai ... | 2016 | 26733736 |
| removal of fecal indicators, pathogenic bacteria, adenovirus, cryptosporidium and giardia (oo)cysts in waste stabilization ponds in northern and eastern australia. | maturation ponds are used in rural and regional areas in australia to remove the microbial loads of sewage wastewater, however, they have not been studied intensively until present. using a combination of culture-based methods and quantitative real-time pcr, we assessed microbial removal rates in maturation ponds at four waste stabilization ponds (wsp) with (n = 1) and without (n = 3) baffles in rural and remote communities in australia. concentrations of total coliforms, e. coli, enterococci, c ... | 2016 | 26729150 |
| characterization of bacterial isolates from the microbiota of mothers' breast milk and their infants. | this investigation assessed the potential of isolating novel probiotics from mothers and their infants. a subset of 21 isolates among 126 unique bacteria from breast milk and infant stools from 15 mother-infant pairs were examined for simulated gi transit survival, adherence to caco-2 cells, bacteriocin production, and lack of antibiotic resistance. of the 21 selected isolates a lactobacillus crispatus isolate and 3 lactobacillus gasseri isolates demonstrated good profiles of in vitro gi transit ... | 2015 | 26727418 |
| characterization of bacterial isolates from the microbiota of mothers' breast milk and their infants. | this investigation assessed the potential of isolating novel probiotics from mothers and their infants. a subset of 21 isolates among 126 unique bacteria from breast milk and infant stools from 15 mother-infant pairs were examined for simulated gi transit survival, adherence to caco-2 cells, bacteriocin production, and lack of antibiotic resistance. of the 21 selected isolates a lactobacillus crispatus isolate and 3 lactobacillus gasseri isolates demonstrated good profiles of in vitro gi transit ... | 2015 | 26727418 |
| aetiology of diarrhoeal disease and evaluation of viral-bacterial coinfection in children under 5 years old in china: a matched case-control study. | globally, diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death among children under 5 years old. few case-control studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea have been conducted in china. a case-control study on 922 children under 5 years old who presented with diarrhoea and individually matched controls was conducted in china between may 2011 and january 2013. quantitative pcr was used to analyze stool samples for 10 diarrhoeal pathogens. potential enteric pathogens were detected in 377 (81.8%) ... | 2016 | 26724990 |
| human and bovine viruses and bacteria at three great lakes beaches: environmental variable associations and health risk. | waterborne pathogens were measured at three beaches in lake michigan, environmental factors for predicting pathogen concentrations were identified, and the risk of swimmer infection and illness was estimated. waterborne pathogens were detected in 96% of samples collected at three lake michigan beaches in summer, 2010. samples were quantified for 22 pathogens in four microbial categories (human viruses, bovine viruses, protozoa, and pathogenic bacteria). all beaches had detections of human and bo ... | 2016 | 26720156 |
| toll-like receptor-4 is essential for arcobacter butzleri-induced colonic and systemic immune responses in gnotobiotic il-10(-/-) mice. | arcobacter butzleri causes sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, but the underlying immunopathological mechanisms of infection are unknown. we have recently demonstrated that a. butzleri-infected gnotobiotic il-10(-/-) mice were clinically unaffected but exhibited intestinal and systemic inflammatory immune responses. for the first time, we here investigated the role of toll-like receptor (tlr)-4, the main receptor for lipopolysaccharide and lipooligosaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, in murine ... | 2015 | 26716021 |
| the role of gelatinases in campylobacter jejuni infection of gnotobiotic mice. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmp)-2 and -9 (also referred to gelatinases-a and -b, respectively) are upregulated in the inflamed gut of mice and men. we recently demonstrated that synthetic gelatinase blockage reduced large intestinal pro-inflammatory immune responses and apoptosis following murine campylobacter (c.) jejuni infection. in order to address which gelatinase mediates c. jejuni-induced immune responses, gnotobiotic mmp-2(-/-), mmp-9(-/-), and wildtype (wt) mice were generated by broads ... | 2015 | 26716014 |
| polyphosphate kinases modulate campylobacter jejuni outer membrane constituents and alter its capacity to invade and survive in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. | campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. polyphosphate kinases 1 and 2 (ppk1 and ppk2) regulate several cellular processes, including the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. despite their importance, whether ppk1 and ppk2 modulate the composition of c. jejuni outer membrane constituents (omcs) and consequently impact its interaction with host cells remains unknown. our comparative analysis between c. jejuni wild type, δppk1, and δppk2 strains ... | 2015 | 26714783 |
| mycobacteriophage cell binding proteins for the capture of mycobacteria. | slow growing mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes a deadly condition in cattle known as johne's disease where asymptomatic carriers are the major source of disease transmission. map was also shown to be associated with chronic crohn's disease in humans. mycobacterium smegmatis is a model mycobacterium that can cause opportunistic infections in a number of human tissues and, rarely, a respiratory disease. currently, there are no rapid, culture-independent, reliable and inexpens ... | 2014 | 26713219 |
| clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats are emm type-specific in highly prevalent group a streptococci. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) are the bacterial adaptive immune system against foreign nucleic acids. given the variable nature of crispr, it could be a good marker for molecular epidemiology. group a streptococcus is one of the major human pathogens. it has two crispr loci, including crispr01 and crispr02. the aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of crispr-associated gene cassettes (cas) and crispr arrays in highly prevalent emm types. the cas c ... | 2015 | 26710228 |
| the immunobiology of campylobacter jejuni: innate immunity and autoimmune diseases. | the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis and guillain-barré syndrome in humans. recent advances in the immunobiology of c. jejuni have been made. this review summarizes c. jejuni-binding innate receptors and highlights the role of innate immunity in autoimmune diseases. this human pathogen produces a variety of glycoconjugates, including human ganglioside-like determinants and multiple activators of toll-like receptors (tlrs). furthermore, c. jejuni targets myd88, ... | 2016 | 26709064 |
| efficacy of feed additives against campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period. | poultry meat is the major source of human campylobacteriosis, the most frequently reported zoonosis in the eu. the prevalence of campylobacter colonization in european broiler flocks is 71%. despite considerable efforts, there is still no effective strategy available to prevent or reduce campylobacter colonization in broilers. this study tested a wide variety of feed additives to reduce campylobacter shedding in primary poultry production. twelve additives containing organic or fatty acids, mono ... | 2016 | 26706356 |
| efficacy of feed additives against campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period: part b. | a total of 636 day-of-hatch ross 308 broilers chicks were used in 4 independent trials carried out to screen the effect of 12 feed additives on reducing cecal colonization of campylobacterin broilers. the tested additives were probiotics based on b. subtilis and s. cerevisae, a garlic extract, a blend of herbal substances and essential oils, two different combinations of essential oils and organic acids (oa), two mixtures of flavoring compounds, medium chain fatty acids (mcfa), monoglycerides (m ... | 2016 | 26706354 |
| survival in water of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the slaughterhouse. | campylobacter jejuni cause gastroenteritis in humans. the main transmission vector is the consumption or handling of contaminated chicken meat, since chicken can be colonized asymptomatically by c. jejuni. however, water has been implicated as the transmission vector in a few outbreaks. one possibility is the contamination of water effluent by c. jejuni originating from chicken farm. the ability of c. jejuni to be transmitted by water would be closely associated to its ability to survive in wate ... | 2015 | 26702388 |
| association between acute motor axonal neuropathy and septic shock due to acinetobacter baumannii. | in this report, we describe a case of acute motoral axonal neuropathy (aman) following septic shock due to acinetobacter baumannii. the aetiology of aman is still not fully clarified. an association with a potential infection by campylobacter jejuni, resulting in stimulation of autoimmune response against gangliosides mediated by a phenomenon of molecular mimicry, is believed to play a major role. since the lipopolysaccharide of a. baumannii has a structure that is similar to that of c. jejuni, ... | 2015 | 26700086 |
| campylobacter concisus pathotypes are present at significant levels in patients with gastroenteritis. | given that campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, recent findings showing comparable levels of campylobacter concisus in patients with gastroenteritis would suggest that this bacterium is clinically important. the prevalence and abundance of campylobacter concisus in stool samples collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis was examined using quantitative real-time pcr. the associated virulence determinants exotoxin 9 and zonula ... | 2016 | 26698172 |
| erratum. | 2015 | 26697976 | |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of yersinia enterocolitica via targeting a conserved locus. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a novel nucleic acid amplification assay providing as a simple diagnostic tool for rapid identification of microbial diseases in developing countries. in this study, a lamp assay was established for yersinia enterocolitica, a leading cause of acute enterocolitis in young children. | 2015 | 26697156 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of shigella spp. and salmonella spp. by multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique. | shigella and salmonella are frequently isolated from various food samples and can cause human gastroenteritis. here, a novel multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology (mert-lamp) were successfully established and validated for simultaneous detection of shigella strains and salmonella strains in only a single reaction. two sets of mert-lamp primers for 2 kinds of pathogens were designed from ipah gene of shigella spp. and inva gene of salmonella ... | 2015 | 26697000 |
| resistance mutations in gyra and parc are common in escherichia communities of both fluoroquinolone-polluted and uncontaminated aquatic environments. | alterations in the target proteins of fluoroquinolones, especially in gyra and parc, are known to cause resistance. here, we investigated environmental escherichia communities to explore the possible link between the abundance of mutations, and the exposure to fluoroquinolones. sediment samples were collected from a relatively pristine lake, up and downstream from a sewage treatment plant, and from several industrially polluted sites. the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra and parc ... | 2015 | 26696975 |
| a flagellar glycan-specific protein encoded by campylobacter phages inhibits host cell growth. | we previously characterized a carbohydrate binding protein, gp047, derived from lytic campylobacter phage nctc 12673, as a promising diagnostic tool for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. we also demonstrated that this protein binds specifically to acetamidino-modified pseudaminic acid residues on host flagella, but the role of this protein in the phage lifecycle remains unknown. here, we report that gp047 is capable of inhibiting c. jejuni growth both on solid an ... | 2015 | 26694450 |
| vapd in xylella fastidiosa is a thermostable protein with ribonuclease activity. | xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c is a gram-negative phytopathogen that is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), a disease that is responsible for economic losses in brazilian agriculture. the most well-known mechanism of pathogenicity for this bacterial pathogen is xylem vessel occlusion, which results from bacterial movement and the formation of biofilms. the molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence caused by biofilm formation are unknown. here, we provide evidence showing t ... | 2015 | 26694028 |
| typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from turkey by genotypic methods, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence gene patterns: a retrospective study. | in this retrospective study, typing ability, discriminatory power, and concordance between typing results obtained on 123 campylobacter jejuni turkey isolates, collected in 1998, within 14 different farms, applying multilocus sequence typing (mlst), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), antibiotic resistance profile, and virulence gene pattern, were assessed and compared. overall, 33 sequence types, 28 pulsotypes, 10 resistotypes, and 5 pathotypes were identified. mlst and pfge showed the bet ... | 2016 | 26693797 |
| smrt sequencing of the campylobacter coli bfr-ca-9557 genome sequence reveals unique methylation motifs. | campylobacter species are the most prevalent bacterial pathogen causing acute enteritis worldwide. in contrast to campylobacter jejuni, about 5 % of campylobacter coli strains exhibit susceptibility to restriction endonuclease digestion by dpni cutting specifically 5'-g(m)atc-3' motifs. this indicates significant differences in dna methylation between both microbial species. the goal of the study was to analyze the methylome of a c. coli strain susceptible to dpni digestion, to identify its meth ... | 2015 | 26689587 |
| unraveling the b. pseudomallei heptokinase wcbl: from structure to drug discovery. | gram-negative bacteria utilize heptoses as part of their repertoire of extracellular polysaccharide virulence determinants. disruption of heptose biosynthesis offers an attractive target for novel antimicrobials. a critical step in the synthesis of heptoses is their 1-o phosphorylation, mediated by kinases such as hlde or wcbl. here, we present the structure of wcbl from burkholderia pseudomallei. we report that wcbl operates through a sequential ordered bi-bi mechanism, loading the heptose firs ... | 2015 | 26687481 |
| campylobacteriosis: the role of poultry meat. | the incidence of human infections caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the main bacterial agents of gastrointestinal disease, has been increasing worldwide. here, we review the role of poultry as a source and reservoir for campylobacter. contamination and subsequent colonization of broiler flocks at the farm level often lead to transmission of campylobacter along the poultry production chain and contamination of poultry meat at retail. yet campylobacter prevalence in poultry, a ... | 2016 | 26686808 |
| the pathogenic potential of helicobacter cinaedi isolated from non-human sources: adherence, invasion and translocation ability in polarized intestinal epithelial caco-2 cells in vitro. | helicobacter cinaedi infection has been recognized as an increasingly important emerging disease in humans. infection with h. cinaedi causes bacteremia, cellulitis and enteritis. h. cinaedi has been isolated from non-human sources, including dogs, cats and rodents; however, it remains unclear whether animal strains are pathogenic in humans and as zoonotic pathogens. in this study, h. cinaedi isolates were recovered from a dog and a hamster, and the ability of these isolates to adhere to, invade ... | 2015 | 26685883 |
| the pathogenic potential of helicobacter cinaedi isolated from non-human sources: adherence, invasion and translocation ability in polarized intestinal epithelial caco-2 cells in vitro. | helicobacter cinaedi infection has been recognized as an increasingly important emerging disease in humans. infection with h. cinaedi causes bacteremia, cellulitis and enteritis. h. cinaedi has been isolated from non-human sources, including dogs, cats and rodents; however, it remains unclear whether animal strains are pathogenic in humans and as zoonotic pathogens. in this study, h. cinaedi isolates were recovered from a dog and a hamster, and the ability of these isolates to adhere to, invade ... | 2015 | 26685883 |
| one health in practice: a pilot project for integrated care of zoonotic infections in immunocompromised children and their pets in chile. | although pets provide physiological and psychological benefits to their owners, they are a potential source of zoonotic infections, especially for vulnerable individuals such as immunocompromised patients. during 1 year, we therefore performed a pilot project, which included 32 immunocompromised chilean children and their family pets (35 dogs and 9 cats) with the aim of detecting, treating and preventing zoonotic infections. children were examined by infectious diseases paediatricians and demogr ... | 2016 | 26684576 |
| a systematic review and meta-analysis of the campylobacter spp. prevalence and concentration in household pets and petting zoo animals for use in exposure assessments. | animal contact is a potential transmission route for campylobacteriosis, and both domestic household pet and petting zoo exposures have been identified as potential sources of exposure. research has typically focussed on the prevalence, concentration, and transmission of zoonoses from farm animals to humans, yet there are gaps in our understanding of these factors among animals in contact with the public who don't live on or visit farms. this study aims to quantify, through a systematic review a ... | 2015 | 26683667 |
| sialic acids and autoimmune disease. | an important underlying mechanism that contributes to autoimmunity is the loss of inhibitory signaling in the immune system. sialic acid-recognizing ig superfamily lectins or siglecs are a family of cell surface proteins largely expressed in hematopoietic cells. the majority of siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in immune cells that bind to sialic acid-containing ligands and recruit sh2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases to their cytoplasmic tails. they deliver inhibitory signals th ... | 2016 | 26683151 |
| proteolytic activities expressed by gastrointestinal pathogens bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and enterococcus faecium in different growth phases. | bacterial proteases are implicated in protein quality control, biofilm formation or might have a direct function in pathogenesis by processing virulence factors or cleaving host factors. in recent years, knowledge of proteases expressed by gram-negative pathogens remarkably increased. however, investigation of proteases from gram-positive bacteria is rather rare, but required for the analysis of pathogenesis-relevant proteases. in this study, we extracted and detected proteases from the gastroin ... | 2015 | 26682199 |
| increased toxin expression in a clostridium difficile mfd mutant. | the symptoms of clostridium difficile infection are mediated primarily by two toxins, tcda and tcdb, the expression of which is governed by a multitude of factors including nutrient availability, growth phase and cell stress. several global regulators have been implicated in the regulation of toxin expression, such as ccpa and cody. | 2015 | 26679502 |
| salmonella and campylobacter: antimicrobial resistance and bacteriophage control in poultry. | salmonella and campylobacter are major causes of foodborne related illness and are traditionally associated with consuming undercooked poultry and/or consuming products that have been cross contaminated with raw poultry. many of the isolated salmonella and campylobacter that can cause disease have displayed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. although poultry producers have reduced on-the-farm overuse of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistant salmonella and campylobacter strains still persist. ... | 2016 | 26678136 |
| core 2 mucin-type o-glycan inhibits epec or ehec o157:h7 invasion into ht-29 epithelial cells. | how host cell glycosylation affects epec or ehec o157:h7 invasion is unclear. this study investigated whether and how o-glycans were involved in epec or ehec o157:h7 invasion into ht-29 cells. | 2015 | 26677400 |
| optimized use of the maldi biotyper system and the filmarray bcid panel for direct identification of microbial pathogens from positive blood cultures. | despite the current reliance on blood cultures (bcs), the diagnosis of bloodstream infections (bsis) can be sped up using new technologies performed directly on positive bc bottles. two methods (the maldi biotyper system and filmarray blood culture identification [bcid] panel) are potentially applicable. in this study, we performed a large-scale clinical evaluation (1,585 microorganisms from 1,394 bsi episodes) on the combined use of the maldi biotyper and filmarray bcid panel compared to a refe ... | 2016 | 26677254 |
| glycan:glycan interactions: high affinity biomolecular interactions that can mediate binding of pathogenic bacteria to host cells. | cells from all domains of life express glycan structures attached to lipids and proteins on their surface, called glycoconjugates. cell-to-cell contact mediated by glycan:glycan interactions have been considered to be low-affinity interactions that precede high-affinity protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions. in several pathogenic bacteria, truncation of surface glycans, lipooligosaccharide (los), or lipopolysaccharide (lps) have been reported to significantly reduce bacterial adherence ... | 2015 | 26676578 |
| effect of x-irradiation on citrus canker pathogen xanthomonas citri subsp. citri of satsuma mandarin fruits. | citrus canker caused by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. because citrus canker is not found in many countries including european union and australia, xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. in this study, the effects of x-irradiation on xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. the suspension containing 1×10(7) cfu/ml of xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses ... | 2015 | 26672670 |
| weakly deleterious mutations and low rates of recombination limit the impact of natural selection on bacterial genomes. | free-living bacteria are usually thought to have large effective population sizes, and so tiny selective differences can drive their evolution. however, because recombination is infrequent, "background selection" against slightly deleterious alleles should reduce the effective population size (ne) by orders of magnitude. for example, for a well-mixed population with 10(12) individuals and a typical level of homologous recombination (r/m = 3, i.e., nucleotide changes due to recombination [r] occu ... | 2015 | 26670382 |
| differential diagnosis of brucella abortus by real-time pcr based on a single-nucleotide polymorphisms. | to diagnose brucellosis effectively, many genus- and species-specific detection methods based on pcr have been developed. with conventional pcr assays, real-time pcr techniques have been developed as rapid diagnostic tools. among them, real-time pcr using hybridization probe (hybprobe) has been recommended for bacteria with high dna homology among species, with which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis by means of an amplification curve and melting peak analysis. a hybprobe for b. abort ... | 2015 | 26666176 |
| differential diagnosis of brucella abortus by real-time pcr based on a single-nucleotide polymorphisms. | to diagnose brucellosis effectively, many genus- and species-specific detection methods based on pcr have been developed. with conventional pcr assays, real-time pcr techniques have been developed as rapid diagnostic tools. among them, real-time pcr using hybridization probe (hybprobe) has been recommended for bacteria with high dna homology among species, with which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis by means of an amplification curve and melting peak analysis. a hybprobe for b. abort ... | 2015 | 26666176 |
| regulation of the intestinal barrier function by host defense peptides. | intestinal barrier function is achieved primarily through regulating the synthesis of mucins and tight junction (tj) proteins, which are critical for maintaining optimal gut health and animal performance. an aberrant expression of tj proteins results in increased paracellular permeability, leading to intestinal and systemic disorders. as an essential component of innate immunity, host defense peptides (hdps) play a critical role in mucosal defense. besides broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities ... | 2015 | 26664984 |