Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| citalopram: differential sleep/wake and eeg power spectrum effects after single dose and chronic administration. | the sleep/wake effects of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor citalopram were studied in both a single-dose study with three dose levels (0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 mg/kg), and a 5-week chronic administration study (15 mg/kg/24 h). single doses of citalopram resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. after chronic citalopram treatment there was a sustained rem sleep inhibition. single doses of citalopram resulted in only minor changes in non-rem (nrem) sleep as well ... | 1996 | 8883829 |
| effects of four antiepileptic drugs on sleep and waking in the rat under both light and dark phases. | sedation is a common side effect of anticonvulsant drug therapy. to find out whether the new antiepileptic drugs, felbamate and lamotrigine, are able to produce sedation, we carried out electroencephalographic (eeg) studies in the rat to measure drug effects on sleep-wake patterns, during both light and dark phases. for comparison, the reference drugs, carbamazepine and phenobarbital, were also studied. eeg activity was recorded for 6 h after oral (po) administration of drugs or vehicle, and the ... | 1996 | 8866955 |
| an on-line automated sleep-wake classification system for laboratory animals. | a computerized sleep-wake classification program is presented that is capable of classifying sleep-wake states on-line in four animals simultaneously. every 10 s the classification algorithm assigns sleep-wake states on the basis of the power spectrum of an eeg signal and the standard deviation of an emg signal. the system was developed specifically for long-term circadian rhythm experiments and can run uninterrupted for an unlimited period of time. to validate the system a total of 5760 sleep-w ... | 1996 | 8835794 |
| ritanserin-induced changes in sleep-waking phases in rats. | ten male wistar rats were chronically implanted with conventional electrodes for sleep-waking stages detection. three 12-hour electroencephalographic (eeg) registrations were performed once a week, after i.p. injection of the serotonin-2 (5-ht2) antagonist ritanserin at two doses (0.63 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg) and after ritanserin vehicle. the goal of the present study was to examine the effects of ritanserin on sleep-waking phases, and to obtain additional data about the participation of 5-ht2 rece ... | 1995 | 8830880 |
| role of gabaa receptors in sleep regulation. differential effects of muscimol and midazolam on sleep in rats. | to assess the influence of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)a receptor on sleep and sleep eeg, rats were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle, two doses of muscimol (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg), a selective gabaa agonist, and midazolam (3 mg/kg), a benzodiazepine-gabaa agonist. eeg and emg recordings were made for 6 or 8 hours. muscimol dose-dependently increased the amount of nonrapid eye movement sleep (nonrems) and rems. the higher dose of muscimol enhanced eeg activity over almost the entire freq ... | 1996 | 8797193 |
| effects of systemic ghrh on sleep in intact and hypophysectomized rats. | the role of pituitary growth hormone (gh) in the mediation of enhanced sleep elicited by gh-releasing hormone (ghrh) was studied in the rat. intact and hypophysectomized (hypox) rats received systemic injections of ghrh or physiological saline. ghrh (0.5, 5.0, or 50 micrograms/kg in the intact rats and 0.5 or 50 micrograms/kg in hypox rats) was injected 6 h after light onset (p.m. injection) or just before light onset (a.m. injection, 0.5 microgram/kg in both a.m. groups). sleep-wake activity an ... | 1996 | 8779943 |
| [action duality of nitrogen oxide (no) in experimental african trypanosomiasis]. | patients with human african trypanosomiasis present a major dysruption of the circadian rhythmicity of the sleep-wake cycle, which was also found in rats infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei (t.b.b.). the alterations in the immune function and nervous system in african trypsanosomiasis led us to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (no), a key molecule in immune and neurophysiological mechanisms, in experimental trypanosomiasis. no was measured in 35 sprague dawley rats using different ... | 1996 | 8761666 |
| desynchronized (rem) sleep inhibition induced by carbachol microinjections into the nucleus basalis of meynert is mediated by the glutamatergic system. | the aim of this paper was to study the effects of microinjections of carbachol, a mixed cholinergic agonist, into the nucleus basalis of meynert (nbm) of rats on the wake-sleep cycle. carbachol (2.74 nmol) was able to increase wakefulness (w) and decrease desynchronized sleep (ds). to verify the hypothesis that the effects of carbachol are at least partially mediated by the glutamatergic system, the nmda antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid and the non-nmda antagonist d-gamma-glutamylami ... | 1996 | 8740223 |
| effects of the gabab antagonist cgp 35348 on sleep-wake states, behaviour, and spike-wave discharges in old rats. | the gabab antagonist cgp 35348 was intraperitoneally given in doses of 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg to old rats. these rats were earlier chronically provided with eeg and emg electrodes. sleep recordings based on visual inspection of eeg and emg recordings were made for 3 h post injection, and spontaneous behaviour in the recording cage was additionally observed. with 100 and 300 mg/kg, the drug produced an increase in the duration of rem sleep compared to the saline-injected control group. the rem s ... | 1996 | 8736575 |
| muscarinic receptor subtypes in the medial preoptic area and sleep-wake cycles. | to clarify which muscarinic receptor subtype(s) mediate changes in sleep and cortical temperature (tcort) induced by carbachol microinjections into the medial preoptic area (mpa), pirenzepine, tripitramine and +/- p < > -fluorohexahydro-sila-difenidol (p-f-hhsid), which are highly selective muscarinic m1, m2 and m3 antagonists, respectively, were microinjected into the mpa of rats. whereas pirenzepine (3.45 and 7.08 nmol) and p-f-hhsid (3.90 and 7.80 nmol) were without effect, tripitramine (0.67 ... | 1996 | 8730795 |
| colocalization of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits with nadph-diaphorase-containing neurons in the rat mesopontine tegmentum. | tegmental cholinergic neurons vary their discharge patterns across the sleep-wake cycle, and glutamate is suggested to play an important role in determining these firing patterns. cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum have different susceptibilities to various excitotoxins, presumably because of heterogeneity in the expression of glutamate receptor subtypes in this area. by using a double-labeling procedure that combines nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate d ... | 1996 | 8725291 |
| desmopressin and vasopressin increase locomotor activity in the rat via a central mechanism: implications for nocturnal enuresis. | nocturnal enuresis is characterized by nocturnal urine volumes exceeding bladder capacity and by inability to wake up to the stimulus of a full bladder. desmopressin (ddavp) is believed to be efficient in treating nocturnal enuresis by reducing nocturnal urine production. however, clinical observations indicate an additional mode of action since the drug appears to modify sleep architecture, apparently improving the patient's ability to awaken to the stimulus of a full bladder. because of this, ... | 1996 | 8709339 |
| sleep deprivation in the rat: xx. differences in wake and sleep temperatures during recovery. | we examined the relationship between wake and sleep peritoneal temperature (t(ip)) during recovery from short-term (five rats, 5 days of deprivation) and long-term (nine rats, 14-21 days) total sleep deprivation (tsd). mammalian body temperature normally declines in the passage from wakefulness to sleep. recovery from tsd featured reductions of the typical wake-sleep t(ip) differences. previous studies from our laboratory have shown that chronic tsd in the rat produces a progressive rise in ener ... | 1995 | 8638074 |
| honoring j. kiffin penry, m.d.: summary of a symposium held at wake forest university, september 16-18, 1994. | 1996 | 8598190 | |
| [circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: systemic electrophysiologic studies]. | the suprachiasmatic nuclei are the neural substrate for a circadian oscillator in mammals. in the present paper we propose two systemic approaches concerning scn functions. firstly, we studied the effect of scn lesions on the cortical eeg in rats. we could demonstrate that in particular the low frequency eeg (delta) power, a putative indicator for sleep homeostasis and sleep propensity, was dramatically reduced in scn lesioned rats. since scn lesioned rats do not have circadian consolidated slee ... | 1995 | 8588350 |
| activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons during sleep. | the rostral hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain participate in the generation of sleep, but the neuronal circuitry involved in this process remains poorly characterized. immunocytochemistry was used to identify the fos protein, an immediate-early gene product, in a group of ventrolateral preoptic neurons that is specifically activated during sleep. the retrograde tracer cholera toxin b, in combination with fos immunocytochemistry, was used to show that sleep-activated ventrolateral preopti ... | 1996 | 8539624 |
| adrenoceptor-mediated modulation of evans blue dye permeation of rat small intestine. | in the present study, we addressed the problem whether sympathoadrenal mechanisms could influence the paracellular permeation of macromolecules from the lumen to the lamina propria of the small intestine. experiments were conducted with rats that were anesthetized with ether for 10-20 min, during which time laparotomy was performed and six consecutive loops (each of 5 cm length) of the jejunum were prepared. a 3% solution of the azo dye, evans blue (eb; mw 960.83) in phosphate-buffered saline, w ... | 1995 | 8536522 |
| daily variations in concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei of rats rendered diurnal by restricted-schedule feeding. | we previously described that in the suprachiasmatic (scn), peri-(pevn) and paraventricular (pavn) nuclei of normal rats, vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)-like immunoreactivity (vip-li) accumulates during the night period and decreases during the day. in order to determine whether these variations are linked to the light-dark cycle or are a consequence of sleep-wake rhythm expression, we dissociated these two parameters by restricting feeding to diurnal hours. in these conditions which inverse ... | 1993 | 8515863 |
| effect of ephedrine on muscle weakness in a model of myasthenia gravis in rats. | in addition to therapy with anticholinesterases, ephedrine is sometimes used to improve muscle strength in myasthenia gravis, with variable results. the efficacy of ephedrine was tested in rats with a alpha-bungarotoxin-induced model of myasthenia gravis. the rats showed a drooping lower lip and impaired capability of drinking. injections of neostigmine caused an improvement of the position of the lip. ephedrine caused some improvement. however, ephedrine had no effect, either on the lower lip o ... | 1993 | 8497338 |
| the relative effects of selective m1 muscarinic antagonists on rapid eye movement sleep. | three muscarinic antagonists, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl and biperiden were systemically administered (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) in rats. scopolamine increased wakefulness and deceased sleep, both slow wave and rem. trihexyphenidyl increased wakefulness and decreased rem sleep while biperiden decreased rem sleep selectively. the rank order rem-suppressing effect was roughly scopolamine and trihexyphenidyl having a greater suppressing effect than biperiden. these results suggest that the regula ... | 1993 | 8495352 |
| transient hyperemia succeeds oligemia in the wake of cortical spreading depression. | regional cerebral blood flow (rcbf) was examined following single episodes of cortical spreading depression (csd) in rat brain after an intravenous bolus injection of [14c]iodoantipyrine. cortical rcbf decreased to approximately 75% of control values during the first 60 min after csd. this change was succeeded at 90-105 min by a small, transient flow increase. rcbf returned to normal at 120 min after csd, and remained normal for the following 2 h. the same sequence of rcbf changes has been recor ... | 1993 | 8448676 |
| electroencephalographic changes in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. | a number of reports have suggested that central disturbances of cholinergic function may occur in patients with myasthenia gravis. the present study was designed in order to examine cortical electroencephalographic (eeg) activity in lewis rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg). experiments were performed on conscious rats with clinical eamg and demonstrable antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. the animals showed no gross changes in cortical eeg discharge in terms of ... | 1993 | 8445401 |
| effect of light intensity on diurnal sleep-wake distribution in young and old rats. | during the aging process, the amplitude of the circadian rhythms of many physiological variables is reduced. it has been hypothesized that increasing light intensity during the light phase of the light-dark cycle might result in a reduction of age-related changes in the circadian rhythms. indeed, in the present sleep-wake study in young and old rats it was found that (a) various parameters, such as the light-dark differences and total amounts of each behavioral state responded positively to chan ... | 1993 | 8420626 |
| hippocampal interneuron activity in unanesthetized rats: relationship to the sleep-wake cycle. | evoked population spikes and interneuronal discharges were recorded throughout the sleep-wake cycle in hippocampal regions ca1 and dentate gyrus (dg) of ten chronically implanted rats. during quiet wakefulness (qw) and slow-wave-sleep (sws) (non-theta rhythm states), the primary shock of paired stimuli evoked in ca1 both high amplitude population spikes and multiple interneuron discharges when compared to active wakefulness (aw) and rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep (theta rhythm states). a second ... | 1993 | 8414179 |
| effect of prolactin on the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prolactin on the sleep-wake cycle. ovine prolactin was injected subcutaneous at a dose of 10 micrograms/animal or intra-cerebro-ventricularly at doses of 100, 10 and 1 ng/animal. the subcutaneous injections were given during either the diurnal or nocturnal period. results indicate that oprl decreases paradoxical sleep duration when injected during the dark period and increases it when injected during the light period. the i.c.v. injections ... | 1993 | 8414171 |
| differences in the retinohypothalamic tract in albino lewis versus brown norway rat strains. | differences in sleep-wake patterns in response to light-dark stimulation have been observed between albino lewis and pigmented brown norway strains of rats, which may be associated with albinism. since several anatomical differences have been demonstrated in the visual pathways of albino and pigmented mammals, the present study was undertaken to determine whether additional differences in visual pathways of these rat strains exist that might account for their behavioral differences. using antero ... | 1993 | 8390623 |
| reliability and validity of computer scoring of behavioral sleep-wake states in rats and rabbits. | previous studies in human infants, rabbits, and rats have shown that states of sleep and wakefulness can be reliably identified from motility signals produced by respiration and body movement. thoman has described a computer-scoring algorithm for automated scoring of behavioral states from motility signals in human infants. in the present studies, we report the use of the computer scoring program with motility signals obtained from electronic activity monitors. in the newborn rabbit, computer cl ... | 1993 | 8372120 |
| methyl parathion induced alterations in gabaergic system during critical stage of central nervous system development in albino rat pups. | sublethal doses of methyl parathion (o, o-dimethyl-o-nitrophenyl thiophosphate) injected intraperitoneally to 7th day old developing albino rat pups induced alterations in the inhibitory gabaergic system of cns. a substantial simulation of the inhibitory system was noticed. a profound increase was found in the level of the inhibitory transmitter, gaba on methyl parathion injection. an increase in the activity levels of the enzymes glutamic acid decarboxylase and 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate-am ... | 1993 | 8359836 |
| day-night variations of adenosine and its metabolizing enzymes in the brain cortex of the rat--possible physiological significance for the energetic homeostasis and the sleep-wake cycle. | the role of adenosine as a metabolic regulator of physiological processes in the brain was studied by measuring its concentrations and the activity of adenosine-metabolizing enzymes: 5'-nucleotidase, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase in the cerebral cortex of the rat. other purine compounds, such as, inosine, hypoxanthine and adenine nucleotides were also studied. the purines' pattern was bimodal with high levels of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine dur ... | 1993 | 8330191 |
| spinal cord blood flow changes during the sleep-wake cycle in rat. | regional spinal cord blood flow was measured in rats during the sleep-wake cycle with the use of radioactive microspheres. spinal cord blood flow decreases from wakefulness to quiet (synchronized) sleep while increasing in active (desynchronized) sleep. blood-flow changes depend on changes in vascular resistance whose mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. blood-gas tension or mean arterial pressure, however, do not play a relevant causal role. | 1993 | 8309626 |
| melatonin, the pineal gland, and circadian rhythms. | amniote circadian organization derives from the interactions of circadian oscillators and photoreceptors located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn), the pineal gland, and the eyes. in mammals, circadian organization is dominated by the scn, which serve as "master pacemakers" in the control of a wide array of behavioral and physiological rhythms (including locomotion, sleep-wake, thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, and many endocrine processes). among the rhythms under scn co ... | 1993 | 8274765 |
| the influence of the muscarinic receptor subtypes on the sleep-wake cycle. | the specific role played by different muscarinic receptor subtypes in sleep regulation is investigated and discussed. on the basis of the results obtained with intracerebroventricular injections of selective muscarinic antagonists into freely moving rats, it is suggested that each muscarinic receptor subtype induces different and specific changes in sleep phases and cortical desynchronization processes. | 1993 | 8259978 |
| successful use of s20098 and melatonin in an animal model of delayed sleep-phase syndrome (dsps). | in human delayed sleep-phase syndrome (dsps), sleep onset and wake times occur far later than normal. in the population, dsps may be an important contributor to complaints of sleep onset insomnia. we previously reported an animal model of dsps in laboratory rats in which the onset of nocturnal activity is delayed by several hours [negative phase angle difference (pad)]. the effect of melatonin 1 mg/kg sc and s20098 (servier) 1 and 3 mg/kg on the negative pad was investigated over 22 days of inje ... | 1993 | 8255922 |
| cholinergic receptor subtypes and rem sleep in animals and normal controls. | as reviewed here and elsewhere in this symposium, acetylcholine, in conjunction with other neurotransmitter systems, plays a very important role in the regulation of circadian and sleep-wake states. to briefly recapitulate, several current basic concepts about the regulation of sleep-wake states include: (a) rem sleep, or at least its phasic events (eye movements and pgo spikes), are promoted by cholinergic neurons originating within the peribrachial regions [ldt/ppt] (mitani et al., 1988; shiro ... | 1993 | 8248526 |
| spontaneous activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus during the sleep/wake cycle of the freely-moving rat. | neurons of the somatosensory thalamic reticular nucleus (trn) were studied by extracellular recordings through the sleep/wake cycle in the unanesthetized, freely-moving rat. all electrophysiologically-identified trn neurons expressed rhythmic patterns of discharge that altered with shifts in sleep/wake state. during slow wave (sw) sleep, neurons displayed spike-burst discharges in long trains followed by pauses. high-frequency oscillations in auto-correlograms in the spindle-frequency range (app ... | 1993 | 8221106 |
| intravenous administration of inorganic selenium compounds, inhibitors of prostaglandin d synthase, inhibits sleep in freely moving rats. | prostaglandin (pg) d2 has been postulated to be an endogenous sleep-promoting factor. biosynthesis of pgd2 is catalyzed by pgd synthase (prostaglandin-h2 d-isomerase, ec 5.3.99.2), the activity of which is inhibited by inorganic selenium compounds such as secl4 and na2seo3. we recently examined the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of these selenium compounds on sleep in rats, and demonstrated time- and dose-dependent sleep inhibition. to establish whether this effect of selenium ... | 1993 | 8221095 |
| anti-interleukin-1 beta reduces sleep and sleep rebound after sleep deprivation in rats. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is somnogenic and is hypothesized to be involved in physiological sleep regulation. antibodies directed against rat il-1 beta were used to further elucidate possible contributions of il-1 to sleep regulation. rabbit anti-rat il-1 beta (anti-il-1 beta) was injected intracerebroventricularly into normal rats 15 min before light onset. a 20-microgram dose of anti-il-1 beta reduced non-rapid-eye-movement (nrem) sleep by 60 min during the subsequent 12-h slight period. there was ... | 1994 | 8160860 |
| selective blockade of different brain stem muscarinic receptor subtypes: effects on the sleep-wake cycle. | changes induced in the sleep-wake cycle by pontine microinjections of muscarinic antagonists were studied in freely moving rats, instrumented for chronic polygraphic recordings. pirenzepine (pir), methoctramine (met) and p-fluoro-hexahydro-siladifenidol (p-f-hhsid), which are highly selective m1, m2 and m3 antagonists, respectively, were dissolved in 0.1 microliter of sterile isotonic saline (0.2 microliter of distilled water for p-f-hhsid) and injected into the pontine reticular nucleus, where ... | 1994 | 8156412 |
| anatomical distribution of prolactin-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain. | the present study examines prolactin prl-like immunoreactivity (prl-lir) in the rat central nervous system and describes the distribution of labeled perikarya and fibers using a specific antiserum to ovine prl. this antiserum does not cross-react with molecules of the pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) family and recognizes rat prl. prl-lir cell bodies are found exclusively in the lateral hypothalamic area surrounding the fornix, especially dorsolateral to it. no labeled cells are detectable in any oth ... | 1993 | 8127395 |
| injection of tetanus toxin into the neocortex elicits persistent epileptiform activity but only transient impairment of gaba release. | focal injection of a minute quantity of tetanus toxin into the rat neocortex induces chronic epileptogenesis. within a day, spontaneous and stimulus-evoked paroxysmal discharges appear in widespread regions of both hemispheres and this lasts for at least nine months. tetanus toxin blocks transmitter release, apparently by catalysing the breakdown of synaptobrevin, a synaptic protein. it specifically binds to neuronal membranes but its potent epileptogenic properties have been ascribed to a highe ... | 1993 | 8115035 |
| differential effects of dopamine d-1 and d-2 receptor antagonist antipsychotics on sleep-wake patterns in the rat. | a series of antipsychotics having different selectivity for dopamine (da) d-1 and d-2 receptors were studied for their effects on sleep stages in the rat. electroencephalographic activity was recorded and classified according to the stages of wakefulness, rapid eye movement (rem) sleep and non-rem sleep. total sleep duration, non-rem and rem latencies, number and duration of rem episodes were calculated. the da d-1 antagonists, sch 23390 (0.001-0.1 mg/kg s.c.), sch 39166 (0.01-0.3 mg/kg s.c.) an ... | 1993 | 8102647 |
| the dopamine d1 receptor agonists, a68930 and skf 38393, induce arousal and suppress rem sleep in the rat. | the effects of the dopamine d1 receptor full agonist, a68930, on sleep-wake patterns and grooming behaviour were studied in the rat. the partial dopamine d1 receptor agonist, skf 38393, was used for comparison. a68930 (0.003-0.3 mg/kg s.c.) increased waking time, reduced the amount of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep and enhanced spontaneous grooming dose dependently. the ed50 were 0.06, 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. the d1 antagonist, sch 23390 (0.003 mg/kg s.c.), blocked the effects of a689 ... | 1993 | 8100197 |
| afferents to the midline thalamus issue collaterals to the nucleus tractus solitarii: an anatomical basis for thalamic and visceral reflex integration. | the goal of this study was to establish a structural basis for thalamic and visceral integration. we sought to define neural networks that convey visceral or integrated environmental stimuli to the diffuse thalamocortical relay system and that link periodic changes in forebrain and visceral reflex function. our experiments were designed to determine whether afferents to the midline-intralaminar thalamic nuclei (mit) issue collaterals to the general viscerosensory division of the nucleus tractus ... | 1994 | 8083764 |
| state-dependent release of acetylcholine in rat thalamus measured by in vivo microdialysis. | mesopontine cholinergic neurons have long been thought to play a key role in behavioral state control. in particular, they have been implicated in the process of eeg desynchrony and in the generation of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. however, the behavioral profile of identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons has not been unequivocally demonstrated. in an attempt to address this issue, in vivo microdialysis was used to monitor acetylcholine (ach) release across behavioral state in the rat thal ... | 1994 | 8083733 |
| involvement of prolactin in the rem sleep-promoting activity of systemic vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip). | the involvement of pituitary prolactin (prl) in systemic vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)-induced sleep was studied. male rats were implanted with electrodes for eeg-recording, with brain thermistors to record cortical temperature (tcrt) and with chronic intracardial catheters to obtain blood samples and to deliver substances. one group of rats (n = 8) received normal rabbit serum (ns)+physiological saline (sal) on the baseline day and was injected with ns+vip on the experimental day. in the ... | 1994 | 8062077 |
| comparison of innate eeg parameters in rat lines selected for ethanol preference. | through bidirectional selective breeding, lines of rats that differ greatly in their voluntary alcohol drinking behavior have been developed--namely, the alcohol-preferring (p) and high-alcohol-drinking (had) lines and the alcohol-nonpreferring (np) and low-alcohol-drinking (lad) lines. the present experiments were designed to determine if an association exists between ethanol preference and features of the electroencephalogram (eeg) during various sleep-wake behaviors. of the eeg parameters mea ... | 1994 | 8060527 |
| pregnenolone enhances eeg delta activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in the rat, in contrast to midazolam. | several endogenous steroids exert their neuroactivity through non-genomic effects and act as potent gabaa receptor-agonists or-antagonists. to examine the influence of the main precursor of these steroids on sleep-wake behaviour, pregnenolone (400 micrograms) was dissolved in oil and administrated s.c. to 8 rats at the beginning of the light period. for comparison, the benzodiazepine midazolam was also injected (3 mg/kg). the effects on the amounts of the vigilance states and on the eeg signals ... | 1994 | 8055343 |
| hypothalamic injection of prolactin or its antibody alters the rat sleep-wake cycle. | several studies have suggested an interaction between prolactin and the sleep-wake cycle. in this study ovine prolactin (oprl) and anti-prolactin antibody were microinjected into the rat dorsolateral hypothalamus, which contains prolactin-like immunoreactive neurons. results indicate that during the light period, prolactin injection induced an increase in paradoxical sleep duration, whereas it caused a decrease when injected during the dark period. anti-prolactin antibody injection during the da ... | 1994 | 8047566 |
| [controlled effect of an impulse electromagnetic field on the central nervous system]. | faint influences of impulses (1 ms) electromagnetic fields (173 a/m) with dynamic frequency-impulse modulation, which is regulated by feedback from electrocorticogram, and influences with fixed frequency of impulses run infra-low range affect on changing of current function state of central nervous system in different ways, is established. the white rats in the sleep-wake cycle were used in experiments. besides, the first regimen of influence is more effective for changing of character of bioele ... | 1994 | 8043642 |
| the reliability and functional validity of visual and semiautomatic sleep/wake scoring in the møll-wistar rat. | the present paper has three major objectives: first, to document the reliability of a published criteria set for sleep/wake scoring in the rat; second, to develop a computer algorithm implementation of the criteria set; and third, to document the reliability and functional validity of the computer algorithm for sleep/wake scoring. the reliability of the visual criteria was assessed by letting two raters separately score 8 hours of polygraph records from the light period from five rats (14,040 10 ... | 1994 | 8036366 |
| real-time sleep-wake scoring in the rat using a single eeg channel. | a new method of analysis of sleep in the rat based on the electrocorticogram (ecog) is described. three states, awake (w), nonrapid eye movement (nrem) and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep are automatically classified by the system. after amplification of the ecog over a restricted bandwidth (3.18-25 hz) and sampling at 512 hz, the data are processed in 8-second epochs by a microcomputer, which generates three statistical and two harmonic variables. each 8-second epoch is thus compressed into five ... | 1994 | 8036365 |
| the effect of old age on the free-running period of circadian rhythms in rat. | the free-running period is regarded to be an exclusive feature of the endogenous circadian clock. changes during aging in the free-running period may therefore reflect age-related changes in the internal organization of this clock. however, the literature on alterations in the free-running period in aging is not unequivocal. in the present study, with various confounding factors kept to a minimum, it was found that the free-running periods for active wakefulness, body temperature, and drinking b ... | 1994 | 8033238 |
| brain blood flow and extracerebral carotid circulation during sleep in rat. | cerebral blood flow (cbf) and blood flow (bf) in extracerebral head structures were measured during the sleep-wake cycle in rats using radioactive microspheres. while no statistically significant changes occurred in the transition from waking to quiet sleep (also referred to as synchronized or non-rem sleep), cbf increased significantly in active sleep (as, also referred to as desynchronized or rem sleep) in all structures considered, with the sole exception of the cerebellum. in extracerebral h ... | 1994 | 8019850 |
| noradrenergic inputs to sleep-related neurons in the preoptic area from the locus coeruleus and the ventrolateral medulla in the rat. | responses of sleep-related neurons in the preoptic area (poa) to stimulation of the locus coeruleus (lc) and the ventrolateral medulla (vlm), components of the reticular activating system, were recorded in the unanesthetized, head-restrained rat. single-pulse stimulation of the lc and the vlm, respectively, inhibited 50% and 54% of 30 sleep-active neurons and excited 47% and 67% of 34 waking-active neurons. the remaining neurons were mostly unaffected. seventy-three neurons that were not related ... | 1994 | 8008234 |
| administration of human chorionic gonadotropin affects sleep-wake phases and other associated behaviors in cycling female rats. | we investigated the possible effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) on sleep-wake phases and other associated behaviors controlled by the medial preoptic area, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. chronic epidural electroencephalographic (eeg) and temporal muscle electromyographic (emg) electrodes were placed in cycling female rats. after a week of recovery, rats were injected intraperitoneally at 3.00 pm on the day of proestrus with either saline or highly purified hcg or indomethacin or hcg ... | 1994 | 7987667 |
| a gabaergic mechanism in the medial septum influences cortical arousal and locomotor activity but not a previously learned spatial discrimination task. | the effect of perfusion of the medial septum (ms) with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (csf) on three consecutive daily trials was assessed on the amount of sleep/wake as determined by measurement of electro-encephalographic activity (eeg), spontaneous locomotor activity as determined by open field test and spatial discrimination task as determined by morris water maze performance. perfusion of the ms on the fourth trial with the gabaa agonist, muscimol (10-100 microm) produced an increase in cor ... | 1994 | 7936425 |
| different programs of gene expression are associated with different phases of the 24h and sleep-wake cycles. | the fos and jun proteins are encoded by proto-oncogenes acting as immediate early genes in that they are rapidly induced by different kinds of stimuli in the nervous system. these two proteins bind to dna regulating gene transcription, and thus determining the specificity of the neuronal response to the applied stimulation. we investigated whether the expression of these genes undergoes a variation during 24h in the absence of exogenous stimulation. male wistar adult (200 gr. body weight) rats, ... | 1994 | 7924645 |
| time-related changes in the sleep-wake cycle of rats infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei. | patients with human african trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, show a major disturbance in the circadian distribution of sleeping and waking, with sleep and wake episodes equally distributed throughout the nycthemeron. in order to develop an animal model, polysomnography was taken continuously in 8 male ofa rats in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle, during 1 baseline week and for 2 weeks after infection with trypanosoma brucei brucei. considerable sleep fragmentation was observed in the infected rats, ... | 1994 | 7913215 |
| epilepsy and sleep. | this review discusses several aspects of epilepsy and sleep. the level of wakefulness is controlled by transmitters such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine. these neurotransmitters are involved in modulatory neurotransmission of the ascending brain stem systems, which play an important role in controlling the sleep-wake cycle. experimental evidence suggests that rapid eye movement sleep atonia is induced by increased endogenous acetylcholine release. regarding sleep facto ... | 1994 | 7912613 |
| sleep-wake disturbances in an animal model of chronic cholinergic insufficiency. | rats reared on a diet in which choline is replaced with n-aminodeanol (nade), undergo > 50% replacement of brain acetylcholine with acetylated nade, a false cholinergic transmitter. we examined amounts of sleep and wakefulness in 7 littermate pairs of rats fed either nade-substituted, or a choline control diet for > 100 days after weaning. during the lights-on portion of the 12/12 h light/dark cycle, nade rats spent more time awake, and less time in both non-rem and rem sleep compared to litterm ... | 1993 | 7904530 |
| toxicology and seafood toxins: domoic acid. | marine and terrestrial food sources are susceptible to contamination by various industrial chemicals and microbial pathogens. both types of hazard are amenable to regulatory assessment using a single toxicology data base, along with some knowledge of contaminant levels and consumption figures for food. on the other hand, regulatory problems persist with acutely toxic naturally occurring phycotoxins, which may accumulate unpredictably to toxic levels in seafood. however, a scarce supply of pure t ... | 1994 | 7866671 |
| the evolution of a rat model of chronic spontaneous limbic seizures. | the evolution of untreated partial epilepsy is unknown. this study uses a newly developed model of chronic limbic epilepsy to determine whether seizures inexorably worsen in duration, frequency and behavioral accompaniment. the seizures begin following an episode of limbic status epilepticus induced by continuous electrical stimulation of the hippocampus, and they persist for more than a year (longest duration followed). we monitored 10 rats continuously with combined eeg and closed circuit tele ... | 1994 | 7834366 |
| response of the sleep-wake rhythm to an 8-hour advance of the light-dark cycle in the rat. | we have studied the effects of an 8-h advance of the environmental light-dark (ld) cycle on the sleep-wake rhythm in the rat. electroencephalograms and electromyograms were recorded simultaneously on chart paper through a two-channel telemetry system for 3 days before phase shift (baseline) and 8 days during and after phase shift. phase advance of the ld cycle led to an increase in both non-rapid eye movement (nrem) and rem sleep. the amount of nrem sleep in the light period correlated positivel ... | 1994 | 7828212 |
| sleep-wake variables and eeg power spectra in mongolian gerbils and wistar rats. | using electroencephalographic methods (eeg), we have analyzed the basal sleep structure and the eeg power spectra of gerbils and rats during periods of wakefulness (w), synchronized sleep (ss) and paradoxical sleep (ps). during the 6 hr light period examined, duration of sleep was similar for rats and gerbils, but gerbils showed fewer ps episodes and a longer amount of ss episodes followed by wakefulness. in addition, ss episodes preceding ps were of longer duration in gerbils than in rats. eeg ... | 1994 | 7824598 |
| pharmacology of ethanol and glutamate antagonists on rodent sleep: a comparative study. | twenty-five sprague-dawley rats were implanted with electrodes for standard sleep-wake cycle recordings. a guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the lateral ventricle. rats were divided into five groups (n = 5) and challenged with an intraventricular administration of 10 microliters of a 5 nm solution of either: ethanol (etoh), mk-801, ap5 (noncompetitive and competitive nmda receptor antagonists, respectively), cnqx (ampa receptor antagonist), or saline. rats were recorded polygraphi ... | 1994 | 7824558 |
| intraventricular administration of a fiv-envelope protein induces sleep architecture changes in rats. | fifteen adult male sprague-dawley rats were implanted with a set of electrodes for standard sleep recordings. a stainless steel cannula was also implanted into the lateral ventricle of these rats. fifteen additional rats were implanted with a cannula alone. rats with electrodes were habituated for 3 days or more to the recording environment, then placed into 3 groups (n = 5). one group received saline (i.c.v.), while the other two groups received either the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope ... | 1994 | 7820670 |
| effects of acute and chronic treatment with trazodone, an antidepressant, on the sleep-wake activity in rats. | rats were treated with trazodone (2.5 or 10 mg kg-1) twice a day (at light and dark onset) for 11 days, after chronic injection of physiological saline. the sleep-wake activity was recorded for 24 h on the baseline day (saline), on trazodone days 1, 5 and 11, and also on day 12, when physiological saline was injected again (withdrawal day). trazodone administration increased non-rem sleep. the enhancement of non-rem sleep was dose-related and more pronounced during the dark cycle. the promotion ... | 1994 | 7816739 |
| sleep, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine functions in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. | the justification for disordered chronobiology for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is based on the following evidence: the studies on disordered sleep physiology and the symptoms of fibromyalgia and cfs; the experimental studies that draw a link between interleukin-1 (il-1), immune-neuroendocrine-thermal systems and the sleep-wake cycle; studies and preliminary data of the inter-relationships of sleep-wakefulness, il-1, and aspects of peripheral immune and neuroendocrine function ... | 1995 | 7795892 |
| promotion of sleep by prostaglandin d2 in rats made insomniac by pretreatment with para-chlorophenylalanine. | the correlation between the somnogenic effect of prostaglandin (pg) d2 and the serotoninergic system was examined in freely-moving rats (n = 64) by use of a continuous infusion method. rats pretreated with para-chlorophenylalanine (pcpa: 450 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or non-pcpa-pretreated rats received infusion of pgd2, serotonin, or its direct precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5htp), into their third cerebral ventricle at a rate of 100 pmol/0.2 microliter/min between 11:00 and 17:00 h. in the pcp ... | 1994 | 7708292 |
| dual projections of single cholinergic and aminergic brainstem neurons to the thalamus and basal forebrain in the rat. | compelling evidence indicates that cholinergic basal forebrain neurons are strongly activated during waking, and concurrently thalamic spindle activity is suppressed and thalamocortical sensory transmission is facilitated. both thalamus and basal forebrain are known to receive projections from brainstem cholinergic and aminergic neuronal pools that are involved in wake/sleep regulation. the present study addressed the question of whether single cholinergic and aminergic neurons contributed to bo ... | 1993 | 7681346 |
| differential effects of midazolam and zolpidem on sleep-wake states and epileptic activity in wag/rij rats. | hypnotic drugs are known to possess antiepileptic activity. therefore, the effects of the benzodiazepine hypnotic midazolam (10 mg/kg) and the novel imidazopyridine hypnotic zolpidem (10 mg/kg) on sleep-wake states and on the number of spike-wave discharges were evaluated in wag/rij rats. rats of this strain are considered to be a model for generalized absence epilepsy. animals were implanted with chronic monopolar eeg electrodes and, after recovery from surgery, the eeg was recorded for 6 h dur ... | 1995 | 7675828 |
| circadian rhythm in the retinal pigment epithelium related to vitamin b12. | the wake-sleep rhythm is a typical circadian rhythm. it has been reported that severely disturbed wake-sleep rhythms are improved by the administration of vitamin b12. this study was designed to clarify whether vitamin b12 is universally related to the circadian rhythm. three-week-old male wistar kyoto rats were fed a vitamin b12 deficient diet for 3 months. then some of them were given intraperitoneal injections of vitamin b12. we counted phagocytized lamellar structures in the retinal pigment ... | 1995 | 7674823 |
| effects of sertindole on sleep-wake states, electroencephalogram, behavioral patterns, and epileptic activity of rats. | in this study we addressed the effects of the 5-ht2 receptor antagonist sertindole in rats. the compound was administered in doses of 0.08, 0.32, and 1.28 mg/kg, whereas a control group received the solvent. the effects of sertindole on sleep-wake states, behavioral patterns, and background electroencephalogram were studied. following injection of drug or solvent, we recorded the electroencephalogram and electromyogram for two periods of 4 h in the dark period of the light-dark cycle on 2 succes ... | 1995 | 7667352 |
| stimulation of cholinergic receptors in the medial preoptic area affects sleep and cortical temperature. | the medial preoptic area (mpa), a cholinoceptive brain area devoid of cholinergic cells, plays an important role in the regulation of different physiological functions, particularly sleep control and thermoregulation. to investigate the effects of the stimulation of cholinergic receptors in this area on sleep and cortical temperature (tcort), carbachol (a mixed cholinergic agonist) was directly microinjected into the mpa of freely moving rats. carbachol (0.25 and 0.5 microgram, corresponding to ... | 1995 | 7653650 |
| effects of intravenously administered vitamin b12 on sleep in the rat. | vitamin b12 (vb12) has been reported to normalize the entrainment of circadian rhythms in the non-24-h sleep wake cycle and delayed sleep phase insomnia in humans. the purpose of this work was to clarify whether the peripheral administration of vb12 has any sleep-promoting effect on the sleep-wake rhythm in freely moving rats. after a baseline day of saline infusion. vb12 (500 micrograms/kg/day) was administered continuously for 4 days via the jugular vein. polysomnographic recordings were carri ... | 1995 | 7652019 |
| circadian variations of adenosine and of its metabolism. could adenosine be a molecular oscillator for circadian rhythms? | the present review describes the biological implications of the periodic changes of adenosine concentrations in different tissues of the rat. adenosine is a purine molecule that could have been formed in the prebiotic chemical evolution and has been preserved. the rhythmicity of this molecule, as well as its metabolism and even the presence of specific receptors, suggests a regulatory role in eukaryotic cells and in multicellular organisms. adenosine may be considered a chemical messenger and it ... | 1995 | 7648513 |
| auditory input to the pedunculopontine nucleus: ii. unit responses. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) has been implicated in sleep-wake control, arousal responses, and motor functions. the ppn also has been implicated in the generation of the p1 middle-latency auditory-evoked potential. the present study was undertaken to determine the nature of the responsiveness of single neurons in and around the ppn following auditory stimulation. somatosensory responsiveness also was tested in some cells. these results demonstrate a) the presence of a significant proportio ... | 1995 | 7627569 |
| auditory input to the pedunculopontine nucleus: i. evoked potentials. | the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn) has been implicated in sleep-wake control, arousal responses, and motor functions. the ppn also has been implicated in the generation of the p1 middle-latency auditory-evoked potential. the present study was undertaken to determine the topographical distribution, threshold, and response properties of depth-recorded potentials following auditory click stimulation. experiments were conducted in both decerebrate cat and rat, with a view towards determining the pre ... | 1995 | 7627568 |
| a middle-latency auditory-evoked potential in the rat. | previous studies have established the presence of a middle-latency auditory-evoked potential that is characterized by a) sleep-state dependence, b) low following frequency (i.e., rapid habituation to repetitive stimulation), and c) blockade by the cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine. a vertex-recorded evoked potential having these characteristics was described in humans at a 50-80 ms latency (termed the p1 or.p50 potential) and in the cat at a 20-25 ms latency (termed wave a). these studies were ... | 1995 | 7627567 |
| sleep deprivation and spike-wave discharges in epileptic rats. | the effects of sleep deprivation were studied on the occurrence of spike-wave discharges in the electroencephalogram of rats of the epileptic wag/rij strain, a model for absence epilepsy. this was done before, during and after a period of 12 hours of near total sleep deprivation. a substantial increase in the number of spike-wave discharges was found during the first 4 hours of the deprivation period, whereas in the following deprivation hours epileptic activity returned to baseline values. imme ... | 1995 | 7618023 |
| growth-hormone-releasing hormone mediates the sleep-promoting activity of interleukin-1 in rats. | the involvement of endogenous growth-hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) in the sleep-promoting activity of interleukin-1 (il1) was studied. the effects on sleep of intracerebroventricular injection of il1 were tested in rats pretreated with intracerebroventricular antibodies to ghrh (ghrh-ab). one group of rats received two treatments each consisting of two injections, control igg + physiological saline (igg + sal) and on another day ghrh-ab + sal, whereas another group of rats received igg + sal, ... | 1995 | 7617134 |
| a novel apparatus that permits multiple routes for infusions and body-fluid collections in a freely-moving animal. | a novel apparatus is described for simultaneous performance of multi-channel infusions/body-fluid collections and multichannel electrical recordings/stimulations in a freely behaving animals. this apparatus consists of a cylindrical cage and other devices described below. electrical contacts are achieved via a slip-ring commutator. a rotation detector detects the turning of the animal in the cage, and a controller rotates the floor under the animal in the opposite direction by means of a steppin ... | 1995 | 7609577 |
| sleep fragmentation, and changes in locomotor activity and body temperature in trypanosome-infected rats. | the rest-activity and body temperature 24 h cycles, as well as the structure of spontaneous sleep, were studied in rats 3 weeks after infection with monomorphic trypanosoma brucei brucei. this parasite belongs to the species of trypanosomes that causes in humans african sleeping sickness, a neuropsychiatric syndrome that involves alterations of endogenous biological rhythms. in the infected rats, entrained to a 12 h:12 h photoperiod, a considerable hypokinesia was detected during the hours of da ... | 1995 | 7606487 |
| awakening properties of modafinil without paradoxical sleep rebound: comparative study with amphetamine in the rat. | we have studied the effect of modafinil and amphetamine, two waking drugs, on the sleep-wake cycle of sprague-dawley rat. both modafinil (64 or 128 mg/kg) and amphetamine (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) cause a dose dependent increase in wakefulness. however, amphetamine wakefulness is followed by a paradoxical sleep rebound on the injection day, whereas modafinil does not produce this effect. in modafinil-treated rats, the sleep pattern on the post-injection day is similar to that of controls, while that of a ... | 1995 | 7603622 |
| camp accumulation in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, pineal gland and brown fat across the wake-sleep cycle of the rat exposed to different ambient temperatures. | the concentration of adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (camp) was determined in the anteroventro-medial hypothalamus, the cerebral cortex, the pineal gland and the interscapular brown adipose tissue, during the different stages of the wake-sleep cycle of rats kept, under a 12-12-h light-dark cycle, in different environmental conditions, i.e., control (47-52 h at ambient temperature (ta) 23 +/- 0.5 degrees c), exposure (47-52 h at ta 0 +/- 1 degree c) and recovery (1-4 h at ta 23 degrees c aft ... | 1995 | 7583204 |
| strain difference in early postnatal sleep-wake behaviour between alko alcohol and wistar rats. | early postnatal sleep-wake behaviour of male and female rats of alko alcohol and wistar strain was studied using a static charge sensitive mattress when the rats were aged 1 and 2 weeks postnatally. in both strains and sexes, waking time relative to total recording time increased, proportion of quiet state did not change, and that of active sleep decreased during the second postnatal week. the number of long active sleep stages relative to short active sleep stages and the duration of sleep-wake ... | 1995 | 7572205 |
| alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of sleep: time-of-day-dependent pharmacodynamic profiles of dexmedetomidine and clonidine in the rat. | alpha adrenergic agonists such as clonidine are widely used for their antihypertensor effects, but they also cause sedation. the mechanisms underlying soporific effects of such compounds are poorly understood, but appear to involve the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor sub-type. to further investigate the role of this receptor in sleep-wake regulation, rats received injections i.p. either during their peak of activity (circadian time ct-18: 6 hr after lights out) or near the mid-point of their sleep-d ... | 1995 | 7562559 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis inhibits rat sleep. | previous findings indicate that nitric oxide (no) may play a role in the regulation of sleep-wake activity. in rabbits, blocking the production of endogenous no by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, n omega-nitro-l-arginine (l-name) suppresses spontaneous sleep and interferes the somnogenic actions of interleukin 1. in the present experiments we extended our earlier work by studying the long-term effects of l-name treatment on sleep-wake activity including power spectra analyses of the electroen ... | 1994 | 7534601 |
| changes in the serotonergic system during the sleep-wake cycle: simultaneous polygraphic and voltammetric recordings in hypothalamus using a telemetry system. | changes in the serotonergic system in the posterior hypothalamus of freely moving rats were related to sleep and wakefulness using in vivo voltammetry (with carbon fiber microelectrodes) and polygraphic recordings. by using an optoelectronic telemetry system for the voltammetric signals, electrical cross-talk between the two settings was avoided and simultaneous neurochemical and electro-physiological recordings could be made so that a detailed time course of events could be obtained. extracellu ... | 1994 | 7512239 |
| promotion of sleep by heat in young rats. | the aim of the experiments was to study the effects of a moderate heat load on sleep in young (26-day-old) rats and to determine whether the sleep-promoting effect of heat results from stimulation of the homeostatic sleep process. the changes in sleep-wake activity, electroencephalogram slow wave activity (swa) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) and cortical temperature (tcrt) were determined during and after long (24-h) and short (2.5-h) heat loads (elevation of ambient temperature fro ... | 1995 | 7478925 |
| behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal ca1 region of the rat. ii. effect of eserine, atropine, ether and pentobarbital. | the correlations of the rat's behaviors and the hippocampal eeg with the averaged evoked potentials (aeps) evoked by the schaffer collaterals in the hippocampal ca1 region of the rat were studied after intraperitoneal injections of several drugs known to affect hippocampal eeg. ether and eserine induced continuous train of rhythmical slow activity (rsa) of 5-6/sec in the hippocampal eeg, during which the aeps showed waveforms intermediate between those elicited during large irregular activity (l ... | 1980 | 7407578 |
| internal temperature variations during the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | this study attempted to explain the variations of internal (brain and subcutaneous) temperature in the rat as a function of sleeping and waking. temperature variations in cerebellum and hypothalamus were related to the changes in local cerebral blood flow (cbf) measured chronically with a thermal clearance method. cbf was stable and at a high level during slow wave sleep (sws), decreased at the beginning of each wake (w) and paradoxical sleep (ps) phase, but tended to overshoot at the end of the ... | 1980 | 7395196 |
| effects of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the rat. | 1 a study was carried out in rats (prepared for chronic sleep recording) of the effects of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wakefulness cycle.2 in addition, the actions of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wake cycle were assessed after pretreatment with drugs interfering with central catecholamine mechanisms or facilitating central gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) activity.3 oxolinic acid (8-32 mg/kg) induced a significant and dose-related increase of waking eeg, while slow wave and rem sleep were decreased.4 ... | 1981 | 7317689 |
| cross-species invariance in state-related motility patterns. | each of the sleep and wake states of animals are characterized by specific patterns of behavioral, motoric, and electrophysiological activity. sleep-wake behavior of rats, rabbits, and human infants (3 of each species) was observed, and, at the same time, a single-channel analog recording was obtained of the motoric activity. a judge who had extensive experience in observing sleep-wake behaviors of human infants, but who was unfamiliar with these behaviors in nonhuman species, scored the analog ... | 1981 | 7304774 |
| slow potential changes in experimental neocortical propagated foci. | during and following interhemispheric stimulation (hs), characteristic negative slow potential changes (nspcs) appeared which coincided with defined patterns of epileptic phasic field potentials (pfps). stimulus time-locked, high-amplitude, interhemispheric responses (ihrs), interictal and ictal patterns were accompanied by typical moderate nspcs. in the wake of the latter, giant nspcs occurred, concurrent with van harrevelds convulsions and/or either total or partial spreading, or local depress ... | 1981 | 7290534 |
| phasic influences during rem sleep upon dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus unit activity in the rat. | the single unit activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus cells was recorded in freely moving, unanesthetized albino rats and studied in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and the occurrence of rem sleep ponto-geniculo-occipital (pgo) waves. spontaneous mean discharge rates are shown to be significantly related to sleep-wake stages, and 70 percent of the units demonstrate a temporal relationship with hindbrain pgo waves. these data are consistent with the existence of a phasic event system in ... | 1981 | 7284786 |
| [ethanol elimination in rats with different levels of alcoholic motivation]. | it has been established during intraperitoneal and oral administration of ethanol to white rats in a test dose of 1 g/kg that in the animals with high alcoholism motivation, the rate of alcohol elimination from blood is fairly high, while the species with low alcoholic motivation are marked by a slower ethanol elimination. in rats with high alcohol motivation, the time of ethanol anesthesia significantly exceeds that in the animals with low alcoholic motivation. the blood levels of ethanol at th ... | 1981 | 7196344 |
| persistent oligemia of rat cerebral cortex in the wake of spreading depression. | cerebral blood flow during and after spreading depression (sd) was studied in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography. the rise of cortical blood flow during sd was followed by 20 to 25% reduction below normal after sd, lasting at least an hour. blood flow in th putamen, thalamus, and hippocampus did not change at any time during or after sd. previous measurements of cerebral blood flow in humans showed that migraine attacks may be accompanied by wavelike spreading oligemia (olesen et al, 1981 ... | 1982 | 7181451 |
| control of sleep-wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother-infant relationship. | a series of experiments in 2 strains of wistar rats explored which aspects of maternal separation were responsible for the sleep disturbance of the young. neither their own mother, after mammary duct ligation, nor constant intragastric infusion of nutrient during the day of separation were found to ameliorate significantly the changes in sleep-wake state organization. however, a periodic nutrient delivery schedule and a formula closely resembling rat milk each ameliorated, and together entirely ... | 1982 | 7095289 |
| effect of light deprivation on sleep in the rat. | the sleep-wake cycles of 24- and 30-day-old rats reared in darkness from 48 hr after bith (e) were polygraphically recorded in 3 3-hour sessions (0900-1200 hr; 1230-1530 hr; 1600-1900 hr) and compared to normally reared controls (c). the total amount of paradoxical sleep (ps) over the 3 3-hr sessions of the light-deprived rats (e24 and e30) was significantly less than in the controls (c24, and c30). the distribution of ps over the 3 sessions was different for the control groups: c24 showed a sig ... | 1982 | 7079359 |