Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| expression and purification of the 26 kda periplasmic protein of brucella abortus: a reagent for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. | development of a single diagnostic test for brucellosis in animals is the top priority of present-day research in the field. there is currently a battery of serological tests relying mainly on the use of lps (lipopolysaccharide) as an antigen, culminating in false positives due to serological cross-reactivity. other problems include difficulties in antigen production and the associated biohazard risk. this has prompted the need to develop an alternative antigen to replace lps. in the present stu ... | 2008 | 17685896 |
| reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in pet animals. | increasing amounts of antimicrobials are used in pets, including substances used in human medicine (in particular, broad-spectrum agents such as clavulante-potentiated aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones). there is evidence that resistance to antimicrobials is growing among bacteria causing infection in pets. these bacteria include staphylococcus intermedius and escherichia coli, as well as other organisms of clinical importance in humans, including methicillin-resistant staph ... | 2007 | 17683019 |
| characterization of asparaginyl endopeptidase, legumain induced by blood feeding in the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | we characterize here a cdna from the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis, which encodes an asparaginyl endopeptidase, legumain (hllgm), that was present as a functional molecule in the midgut of this tick. endogenous hllgm was detected as a 38-kda antigen in h. longicornis extracts and was seen throughout all developmental stages. endogenous hllgm was mainly localized in the midgut epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and was shown to be up-regulated by the host blood-feeding process. recombina ... | 2007 | 17681230 |
| distribution of virulence profiles related to new toxins and putative adhesins in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from diverse sources in brazil. | the distribution of virulence markers related to cytolethal distending toxin-v (cdt-v), subtilase cytotoxin (subab), the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli factor for adherence (efa1), the adhesin similar to irga (iha), the long polar fimbriae (lpfo113), the autoagglutinating adhesin (saa), and the protein required for full expression of adherence of o157:h7 sakai strain (toxb) was investigated in 121 shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains isolated in brazil. stec strains were isolated fro ... | 2007 | 17651390 |
| detection of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli serogroups 0157 and 026 in the cecal content and lymphatic tissue of cattle at slaughter in italy. | verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) has emerged as a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe and potentially fatal illnesses, such as hemorrhagic colitis or the hemolytic uremic syndrome. in this study, 182 cattle at slaughter (119 dairy cows and 63 feedlot cattle) were randomly selected and tested for the presence of vtec serogroups o26, o103, o111, o145, and o157 in their cecal content and lymphatic tissue (tonsils or mesenteric lymph nodes). a total of 364 samples were evaluated ... | 2007 | 17612082 |
| distribution of escherichia coli 0157 and salmonella on hide surfaces, the oral cavity, and in feces of feedlot cattle. | to determine the distribution of pathogens on cattle hides at the feedlot, samples were collected from six hide surface locations (back, flank, hock, neck, perineum, and ventrum), the oral cavity, the rectal-anal junction, and the feces of feedlot cattle and subjected to escherichia coli 0157 detection via culture methods and to salmonella detection via pcr. e. coli 0157 was isolated from one or more of the sampling locations from 31 (42.5%) of the 73 animals sampled. location-specific prevalenc ... | 2007 | 17612062 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from organic dairy farms, conventional dairy farms, and county fairs in minnesota. | this study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates from organic dairy farms, conventional dairy farms, and minnesota county fairs. a total of 83 stec isolates (43 o157 and 40 non-o157 stec) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility as determined by the automated broth microdilution method. resistance to tetracycline was identified in 19 (23%) isolates and to sulphadimethoxine in 40 (48%) isolates. half of the stec isolates were resis ... | 2007 | 17600485 |
| bovine blood neutrophil acyloxyacyl hydrolase (aoah) activity during endotoxin and coliform mastitis. | the dynamics of blood neutrophil acyloxyacyl hydrolase (aoah) activity, the appearance of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) in blood and the role of blood neutrophil aoah in the severity of escherichia coli and endotoxin mastitis were investigated in early postpartum dairy cows experimentally challenged with either endotoxin (n = 6) or e. coli (n = 6). the aoah activity of blood neutrophils started to decrease significantly at post challenge hours (pch) 6-24 and 12-24 in the endotoxin and e. c ... | 2007 | 17583663 |
| microbial source tracking in a rural watershed dominated by cattle. | antibiotic resistance analysis (ara), frequency of sampling, and seasonality were evaluated in a rural virginia watershed dominated by cattle. the selected watershed (mill creek) was 3767 ha in size, included two small communities (one sewered and one unsewered), and several farms that when combined contained over 3800 beef and dairy cattle. monthly monitoring of fecal coliforms at two sampling sites in mill creek from january to december, 2001, revealed that the recreational standard (1000 colo ... | 2007 | 17582454 |
| phenotypic and genotypic traits of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from beef cattle from paraná state, southern brazil. | to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in cattle from paraná state, southern brazil. | 2007 | 17576221 |
| a peptide derived from human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) exerts bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from clinical cases of bovine mastitis. | gram-negative bacteria are responsible for approximately one-third of the clinical cases of bovine mastitis and can elicit a life-threatening, systemic inflammatory response. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria and is largely responsible for evoking the inflammatory response. antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy for treating gram-negative infections remains suboptimal. bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) is a neutrophil-derived protein wi ... | 2007 | 17560054 |
| evaluation of two library-independent microbial source tracking methods to identify sources of fecal contamination in french estuaries. | in order to identify the origin of the fecal contamination observed in french estuaries, two library-independent microbial source tracking (mst) methods were selected: (i) bacteroidales host-specific 16s rrna gene markers and (ii) f-specific rna bacteriophage genotyping. the specificity of the bacteroidales markers was evaluated on human and animal (bovine, pig, sheep, and bird) feces. two human-specific markers (hf183 and hf134), one ruminant-specific marker (cf193'), and one pig-specific marke ... | 2007 | 17557850 |
| [construction and analysis of rumen bacterial artificial chromosome library from a dairy cow rumen microflora]. | the high molecular weight dna was extracted and purified directly from rumen samples in the study by using culture-independent and pulsed field gel electrophoresis approaches. after digestion with hind iii, dna fragments ranging from 50-100 kb was collected and ligated to pcc bac vector. the ligation mixture was transformed into e. coli epi300 and a rumen metagenomic bac library with about 15360 clones was constructed. the average insert size is about 54.5 kb, mostly ranging from 50-70 kb, and t ... | 2007 | 17552222 |
| simple methods for measurement of bovine mucosal antibody responses in vivo. | the mucosal immune response serves as the first line of defence against many bacterial and viral diseases. therefore, measurement of mucosal immune responses is important in evaluating mucosal immunisation protocols and understanding initial host/pathogen interactions. in this study we compare two methods for repeated sampling of bovine rectal mucosal secretions, namely rectal swabbing and rectal biopsies, and evaluate a simple swabbing method for sampling bovine nasal secretions. both rectal sw ... | 2007 | 17544516 |
| phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. | pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, susceptibility to 26 antimicrobial agents used in veterinary and human medicine, and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes of escherichia coli isolated from cows with mastitis were evaluated. among 135 e. coli isolates, pfge analysis revealed 85 different genetic patterns. all e. coli were resistant to two or more antimicrobials in different combinations. most e. coli were resistant to antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine including a ... | 2007 | 17544234 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157:h7- from different origins. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) serotypes including o157:h7 (n = 129) from dairy cows, cull dairy cow feces, cider, salami, human feces, ground beef, bulk tank milk, bovine feces, and lettuce; and o157:h7- (n = 24) isolated from bovine dairy and bovine feedlot cows were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance against 26 antimicrobials and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (teta, tetb, tetc, tetd, tete, tetg, flor, cmla, stra, strb, suli, sulii, and ampc). all e. coli ex ... | 2007 | 17536933 |
| effects of a minimal hide wash cabinet on the levels and prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on the hides of beef cattle at slaughter. | harborage of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on animal hides at slaughter is the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing. given this finding, interventions have been designed and implemented to target the hides of cattle following entry into beef processing plants. previous interventions targeting hides have not been suitable for all beef processing plants because of cost and space restrictions. in this study, a hide wash cabinet was evaluated to determine whether it ... | 2007 | 17536663 |
| development and validation of a most-probable-numberimmunomagnetic separation methodology of enumerating escherichia coli o157 in cattle feces. | a method to validate enumeration of escherichia coli o157 in fecal samples from feedlot cattle was developed in these studies. due to background flora, bovine fecal sample enumeration cannot be performed by simple direct plating techniques. known quantities of e. coli o157:h7 were inoculated into feces, and populations were determined by direct plating of the cocktail (studies 1, 2, and 3) and manure and cocktail (studies 4 and 5) mixtures and compared with a most-probable-number (mpn)-immunomag ... | 2007 | 17536662 |
| differential cytokine and chemokine responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. | we studied the inflammatory and immune responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec) infected by mastitis isolates of staphylococcus aureus. primary cultures of bmec were co-incubated separately with three strains of s. aureus and one strain of escherichia coli. transcriptional levels and/or protein release of interleukin-8 (il-8), growth related oncogene alpha (gro-alpha), growth related oncogene beta (gro-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), trans ... | 2007 | 17532224 |
| genotyping of escherichia coli from environmental and animal samples. | the triplex pcr of clermont et al. [clermont, o., bonacorsi, s., bingen, e., 2000. rapid and simple determination of the escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. appl. environ. microbiol. 66, 4555-4558.] was used to genotype e. coli isolates from the mid-atlantic region of the usa, obtained from freshwater, animal internal organs, and feces. of 445 isolates subjected to genotyping, 118 isolates (26%) were genotype a, 111 (25%) genotype d, 140 (31%) genotype b1, and 76 (17%) genotype b2. all four ge ... | 2007 | 17521755 |
| cumulative physiological events influence the inflammatory response of the bovine udder to escherichia coli infections during the transition period. | a high proportion of intramammary coliform infections present at parturition develop disease characterized by severe inflammatory signs and sepsis during the first 60 to 70 d of lactation. in the lactating bovine mammary gland, the innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the outcome of these infections. since the beginning of the 1990s, research has increased significantly on bovine mammary innate defense mechanisms in connection with the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis. neut ... | 2007 | 17517751 |
| functional expression and purification of bovine enterokinase light chain in recombinant escherichia coli. | enterokinase (ec 3.4.21.9) is a serine proteinase of the intestinal brush border that exhibits specificity for the sequence (asp)(4)-lys and converts trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin. a codon optimized sequence coding light chain (catalytic subunit) of bovine enterokinase gene (sbeklc) was synthesized, and it was fused with dsba to construct the expression vector (pet39-sbeklc). then, the plasmid was transformed into e. coli bl21 (de3) for expression. under optimal conditions, the volum ... | 2007 | 17516250 |
| angiostatin-like activity of a monoclonal antibody to the catalytic subunit of f1f0 atp synthase. | the antiangiogenic protein angiostatin inhibits atp synthase on the endothelial cell surface, blocking cellular proliferation. to examine the specificity of this interaction, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against atp synthase. mab directed against the beta-catalytic subunit of atp synthase (mab3d5ab1) inhibits the activity of the f(1) domain of atp synthase and recognizes the catalytic beta-subunit of atp synthase. we located the antibody recognition site of mab3d5ab1 in doma ... | 2007 | 17510399 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of cdna of bovine neutrophil beta-defensin from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). | neutrophil beta-defensins have been identified as naturally occurring potent antibacterial cationic peptides serving as effector molecules of innate immunity that provide a first line of defence against pathogens. considering the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against microorganisms and role in innate immunity of the neutrophil beta-defensins, it has been characterized in many livestock species including cattle, sheep, caprine and porcines. here we report the isolation, cloning, sequencin ... | 2007 | 17504507 |
| an in vitro system for the comparison of excision and wet-dry swabbing for microbiological sampling of beef carcasses. | an in vitro system for the comparison of wet-dry swabbing and surface tissue excision was developed to ascertain whether the commonly accepted statement of the advantage (in terms of bacterial recovery) of the tissue excision method is also legitimate when different kinds of bacteria are used. a total of 1,770 sections (2.5 by 10 cm) of bovine skin were individually inoculated on the subcutaneous fat side by spreading various suspensions of marker organisms (nalidixic acid-resistant escherichia ... | 2007 | 17477263 |
| exploring passive transfer in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | poor calf production and ill thrift in 3-4 mo olds are common limiting problems in raising and maintaining captive muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). acute onset of a rapidly progressing enteritis and septicemia in neonatal calves (2-7 days of age) caused by escherichia coli not normally considered pathogenic in domestic animals is a serious problem in many captive muskoxen facilities. serum immunoglobulin g (igg) levels, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in captive periparturient muskox fem ... | 2007 | 17469276 |
| expression of cd34 mrna and protein in cattle. | cd34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells. it is used widely in the clinic for purification of human hematopoietic stem cells transplants, and as an endothelial marker for several species. the aim of this study was to produce an anti-bovine cd34 antibody and to characterize the expression of cd34 mrna and protein in cattle tissues. the bovine cd34 cdna was cloned by rt-pcr, and the expression of bovine cd34 mrna investigated by rt-pcr and i ... | 2007 | 17466383 |
| milk and serum j5-specific antibody responses, milk production change, and clinical effects following intramammary escherichia coli challenge for j5 vaccinate and control cows. | holstein dairy cows (four j5 vaccinates and four controls) selected for no recorded intramammary disease and low somatic cell count (scc) during the previous lactation were challenged by intramammary infusion of escherichia coli. vaccination with j5 was at 8 weeks and again 4 weeks before the anticipated calving date. cows were challenged at 8 to 16 days in milk (dim). shedding of e. coli in milk was significantly higher among controls than vaccinates (no shedding) from 6 h to 21 h postchallenge ... | 2007 | 17460115 |
| the non-o157 shiga-toxigenic (verocytotoxigenic) escherichia coli; under-rated pathogens. | following a brief review of the ecology of escherichia coli in general, the role of shiga-toxigenic (verocytotoxigenic) e. coli (stec) as pathogens is addressed. while stec belonging to the serogroup o157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human disease, the importance of stec belonging to other serogroups has not been recognized as much. this review addresses the problems associated with these pathogens, demonstrating that increasing the awaren ... | 2007 | 17453930 |
| multiple and stepwise interactions between coatomer and adp-ribosylation factor-1 (arf1)-gtp. | the small gtpase adp-ribosylation factor-1 (arf1) plays a key role in the formation of coat protein i (cop i)-coated vesicles. upon recruitment to the donor golgi membrane by interaction with dimeric p24 proteins, arf1's gdp is exchanged for gtp. arf1-gtp then dissociates from p24, and together with other golgi membrane proteins, it recruits coatomer, the heptameric coat protein complex of cop i vesicles, from the cytosol. in this process, arf1 was shown to specifically interact with the coatome ... | 2007 | 17451557 |
| espp, a type v-secreted serine protease of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, influences intestinal colonization of calves and adherence to bovine primary intestinal epithelial cells. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) comprise a group of zoonotic diarrhoeal pathogens of worldwide importance. cattle are a key reservoir; however the molecular mechanisms that promote persistent colonization of the bovine intestines by ehec are ill-defined. the large plasmid of ehec o157:h7 encodes several putative virulence factors. here, it is reported that the po157-encoded type v-secreted serine protease espp influences the intestinal colonization of calves. to dissect the basis of a ... | 2007 | 17451446 |
| identification and characterization of the ntpase activity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) expressed in bacteria. | the nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) of members of the family flaviviridae possesses multiple enzyme activities that are likely to be essential for viral replication. here, we cloned and expressed full-length csfv ns3 protein (ns3fl) and its n-terminal truncated version (ntns3) in e. coli. ntpase activities of the purified ns3fl and ntns3 proteins and their reaction conditions were investigated. the results showed that csfv ns3fl and ntns3 proteins contained a specific polynucleotide-stimulated ntp ... | 2007 | 17447110 |
| distinct pathotypes of o113 escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals in brazil. | two distinct diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes, enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec) and shiga toxin-producing e. coli, were observed in association with o113 strains isolated from human and nonhuman sources in brazil, respectively. the o113 strains from human diarrhea belonged to a diversity of serotypes, and nine (53%) of them harbored virulence traits of typical eaec. | 2007 | 17446328 |
| bovine cryptosporidiosis: clinical and pathological findings in forty-two scouring neonatal calves. | cryptosporidia organisms were identified in 42 of 161 (26%) neonatal, diarrheic calves, over a 32 month period commencing july 1979. forty of the 161 calves were submitted alive and cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 63% (25 of 40) of them. the cryptosporidia infected calves were usually one to two weeks old and came from 26 herds where the typical history was profuse, watery diarrhea in nearly all neonatal calves. the diarrhea usually started around one week of age, was unresponsive to all conv ... | 1982 | 17422204 |
| virulence markers and serotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, isolated from cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil. | to determine the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and serotypes and virulence markers of the stec isolates from beef and dairy cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil. | 2007 | 17397481 |
| effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and in vivo growth of generic escherichia coli excreted from steers. | the effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of escherichia coli o157:h7 or generic fecal e. coli was evaluated. in experiment 1, the mean growth rate of e. coli o157:h7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37 degrees c, was reduced (p < 0.05) with as little as 400 microg of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. the addi ... | 2007 | 17388040 |
| in vitro effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals. | 2007 | 17376712 |
| clinical and ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis in 17 cows. | the goal of the present study was to describe the clinical, haematological and ultrasonographic findings and treatment of 17 cattle with pyelonephritis. fifteen cattle had an abnormal general condition, which varied in severity; five animals had signs of colic. the urine was brownish-red in 11 animals and cloudy in 13. clumps of purulent material were seen in the urine of nine animals and clots of blood in two. the specific gravity was lower than normal in 13 animals and ranged from 1.005 to 1.0 ... | 2008 | 17363303 |
| antimicrobial resistance observed in escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle and pigs in korea during 2003-2004. | a total of 744 escherichia coli strains isolated from 830 fecal samples of healthy cattle and pigs in all provinces of korea were examined for resistance to 16 antimicrobials. the most frequently observed resistance in cattle isolates was to tetracycline (30.5%), followed by resistance to streptomycin (20.4%), ampicillin (12.0%) and chlorampenicol (6.9%). prevalences of resistance to the same four antimicrobials in swine isolates were 96.3%, 66.8%, 66.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. the prevalence ... | 2007 | 17363100 |
| pyrrolysine is not hardwired for cotranslational insertion at uag codons. | pyrrolysine (pyl), the 22nd naturally encoded amino acid, gets acylated to its distinctive uag suppressor trna(pyl) by the cognate pyrrolysyl-trna synthetase (pylrs). here we determine the rna elements required for recognition and aminoacylation of trna(pyl) in vivo by using the pyl analog n-epsilon-cyclopentyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine. forty-two methanosarcina barkeri trna(pyl) variants were tested in escherichia coli for suppression of the lac amber a24 mutation; then relevant trna(pyl) mutants wer ... | 2007 | 17360621 |
| [control of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in cattle]. | cattle are recognized as the major reservoir of stec and the source of infection for human beings. until recently, intervention strategies to decrease the contamination of meat products have been focused on the slaughter plant with the application of practices to reduce the contamination and proliferation of stec. this has now changed following the development of intervention strategies in the farm. this could be one of the most important points of intervention to lower the incidence of human in ... | 2006 | 17354475 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of manure from dairy cattle. | inactivation of the pathogenic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 and a non-pathogenic e. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle manure was evaluated with batch tests at 50 and 55 degrees c in biosolids from a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating the manure. using differential-selective plating on sorbitol-macconkey (smac) agar to quantify e. coli, the decline in concentrations of both the sorbitol-negative (putative e. coli o157:h7) and sorbitol-positive (putative non-pathogenic e. coli) org ... | 2007 | 17353028 |
| occurrence and characterization of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) strains from dairy farms in trinidad. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) on 25 dairy farms each located in waller field and carlsen field farming areas in trinidad. on each selected farm, faecal samples were collected from milking cows, calves and humans; rectal swabs were obtained from pet farm dogs; bulk milk was sampled as well as effluent from the milking parlour. escherichia coli was isolated from all sources on selective media using ... | 2007 | 17348911 |
| recombinant eggshell ovocalyxin-32: expression, purification and biological activity of the glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. | the avian eggshell is a highly ordered biomineral composed mainly of calcium carbonate associated with an organic matrix composed of proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. this structure provides the developing embryo with protection from physical damage and microbial invasion. ovocalyxin-32 (ocx-32) is a 32 kda eggshell-specific matrix protein which has been cloned and demonstrates 30% identity with the mammalian carboxypeptidase inhibitor, latexin. in order to further study its function, r ... | 2007 | 17344082 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 infection associated with drinking raw milk--washington and oregon, november-december 2005. | during the week of december 5, 2005, public health officials in clark county, washington, were notified of four county residents with laboratory-confirmed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. all four residents reported having consumed raw (i.e., unpasteurized) milk obtained from a farm in neighboring cowlitz county, washington. the farm participated in a cow-share program, in which persons purchase interests in, or shares of, dairy cows in return for a portion of the milk produced. the farm had ... | 2007 | 17332727 |
| survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales. | a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ... | 2007 | 17322356 |
| surveillance for selected bacterial and toxicologic contaminants in donated carcass meat fed to carnivores. | wildlife safari, a zoo located in winston, oregon, has fed donated carcass meat as a diet to carnivores for over 30 yr. carcass meat is an alternative to commercially prepared meat. donated meat arrives at wildlife safari as an entire animal. cattle (bos taurus), horse (equus caballus), deer (odocoileus hemionus), and elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) have been donated. bacterial testing was performed on site with the use of neogen reveal immunosorbent assays. testing focused on salmonella spp., l ... | 2006 | 17312786 |
| transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 to cattle by house flies. | the main reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7 is the digestive tract of cattle; however, the ecology of this food-borne pathogen is poorly understood. house flies (musca domestica l.) might play a role in dissemination of this pathogen in the cattle environment. in our study, eight calves were individually exposed to house flies that were orally inoculated with a mixture of four strains of nalidixic acid-resistant e. coli o157:h7 (nal(r)eco157) for 48h. another eight calves were individually ex ... | 2007 | 17306389 |
| shotgun analysis of phospholipids from mouse liver and brain by nanoflow liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | it was demonstrated that a shotgun approach can be utilized for the characterization of phospholipids (pls) extracted from mouse liver and brain by using nanoflow reversed phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms-ms). in this study, a dual scan method was introduced for the high throughput analysis of complex pl mixtures. two consecutive lc-esi-ms-ms runs were made in positive ion mode (for phosphatidylcholines (pcs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (p ... | 2007 | 17296335 |
| nonlabeled quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for bacterial detection using carbohydrate and lectin recognitions. | high percentages of harmful microbes or their secreting toxins bind to specific carbohydrate sequences on human cells at the recognition and attachment sites. a number of studies also show that lectins react with specific structures of bacteria and fungi. in this report, we take advantage of the fact that a high percentage of microorganisms have both carbohydrate and lectin binding pockets at their surface. we demonstrate here for the first time that a carbohydrate nonlabeled mass sensor in comb ... | 2007 | 17295446 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin g from streptococcus dysgalactiae. | we identified seven novel variants of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin g (spegg), a superantigen, in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae or equisimilis isolates from clinical cases of infection in humans and animals. phylogenetic analysis of the spegg variants indicated two clades in the dendrogram: one composed of variants derived from the bacteria isolated from the humans and the other composed of variants from the bacteria isolated from the animals. bovine peripheral blood mononucl ... | 2007 | 17283088 |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ... | 2007 | 17278086 |
| management of risk of microbial cross-contamination from uncooked frozen hamburgers by alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | this research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands contaminated with a nonpathogen surrogate for escherichia coli o157:h7, where the source of the contamination was frozen hamburger patties. a nonpathogenic nalidixic acid-resistant food-grade strain of enterobacter aerogenes was used to inoculate frozen hamburger patties composed of 76% lean beef and 24% fat. thirty-two individuals participated to produce the data used in this study. each part ... | 2007 | 17265868 |
| rapid enrichment strategy for isolation of listeria from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples. | since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of e. coli o157:h7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods fo ... | 2007 | 17265860 |
| occurrence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in diverse farm environments. | in the united states, foodborne outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 illness have often been linked to the consumption of contaminated, undercooked ground beef. however, the occurrence of e. coli o157:h7 has also been reported in other farm animals. the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of e. coli o157:h7 on diverse farm types and from a variety of farm samples. rectal swabs (n=1686) and environmental samples (n=576) were collected from 16 farms in five states over 24 month ... | 2007 | 17265852 |
| identification, expression, and functional analyses of a thylakoid atp/adp carrier from arabidopsis. | in plants the chloroplast thylakoid membrane is the site of light-dependent photosynthetic reactions coupled to atp synthesis. the ability of the plant cell to build and alter this membrane system is essential for efficient photosynthesis. a nucleotide translocator homologous to the bovine mitochondrial adp/atp carrier (aac) was previously found in spinach thylakoids. here we have identified and characterized a thylakoid atp/adp carrier (taac) from arabidopsis.(i) sequence homology with the bovi ... | 2007 | 17261580 |
| carriage of four bacterial pathogens by beef cattle in northern ireland at time of slaughter. | to determine the prevalence of four bacterial zoonotic pathogens in beef cattle at time of slaughter in northern ireland (ni), in order to assess their potential for reducing beef safety. | 2007 | 17257247 |
| phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli through whole-cell fatty acid profiling to investigate host specificity. | the objective of the study was to investigate whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of 605 escherichia coli isolates to determine their host specificity. the isolates were cultured from six possible sources of fecal pollution; 180 isolates from sewage, 85 from dairy cow, 98 from chicken, 76 from swine, 94 from deer, and 72 from waterfowl, mostly geese and ducks. the fame profiles were presented as the relative masses of 12 fames identified in the isolates and it was found that none ... | 2007 | 17234236 |
| expression pattern of prokineticin 1 and its receptors in bovine ovaries during the estrous cycle: involvement in corpus luteum regression and follicular atresia. | prokineticin 1 (prok1), also termed endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (endocrine gland-derived vegf), is a newly identified protein assigned with diverse biologic functions. it binds two homologous g protein-coupled receptors, prokr1 and prokr2. to better understand the roles of prok1 and its receptors in ovarian function, their expression was determined in follicles and corpora lutea (cls) at different developmental stages. prok1 mrna levels were low at early luteal sta ... | 2007 | 17229935 |
| the hinge region between two ubiquitin-like domains destabilizes recombinant isg15 in solution. | interferon-stimulated gene (isg) 15 mediates antiviral responses and also is upregulated within the endometrium in response to the developing embryo during early pregnancy. structurally, isg15 resembles two ubiquitin domains (30% identical) that are separated by a hinge region. recombinant (r) bovisg15 is not stable in solution. it was hypothesized that the hinge region contributed to the instability of rbovisg15. within 24 h of dialysis, rbovisg15 formed complexes as detected by reducing and de ... | 2007 | 17223698 |
| rectoanal junction colonization of feedlot cattle by escherichia coli o157:h7 and its association with supershedders and excretion dynamics. | feedlot cattle were observed for fecal excretion of and rectoanal junction (raj) colonization with escherichia coli o157:h7 to identify potential "supershedders." raj colonization and fecal excretion prevalences were correlated, and e. coli o157:h7 prevalences and counts were significantly greater for raj samples. based on a comparison of raj and fecal ratios of e. coli o157:h7/e. coli counts, the raj appears to be preferentially colonized by the o157:h7 serotype. five supershedders were identif ... | 2007 | 17220263 |
| seasonal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants: a new hypothesis. | seasonal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants is well documented; however, viable explanations for this phenomenon are lacking. the fecal prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in ruminants is the highest in the summer months, decreasing to low or undetectable levels in the winter. to determine if day length is correlated to seasonal shedding, nine reports of e. coli o157:h7 prevalence in cattle were selected for similarity of sampling technique, culture methodology, cattle type, and ability ... | 2006 | 17199523 |
| human lysozyme expressed in the mammary gland of transgenic dairy goats can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause mastitis and the cold-spoilage of milk. | the addition of human milk components with intrinsic antimicrobial activity to livestock milk by genetic engineering has the potential to benefit milk safety and production as well as the health of the lactating animal. as a model for the dairy cow, we generated transgenic goats that expressed human lysozyme in their milk at 68% of the levels found in human milk. milk from these transgenic animals had a bacteriostatic effect on both in vitro and in vivo growth of several microorganisms important ... | 2006 | 17199520 |
| phage types, virulence genes and pfge profiles of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from raw beef, soft cheese and vegetables in lima (peru). | the present study was conducted in lima metropolitana to evaluate the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 in raw beef, raw ground beef, soft cheese and fresh vegetables, sampled at different markets in the city. between october 2000 and february 2001, 407 food samples were collected from different markets in the 42 districts of lima metropolitana. samples were assayed for e. coli o157 by selective enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth containing novobiocin, fol ... | 2007 | 17187886 |
| relationships between the density of different indicator organisms on sheep and beef carcasses and in frozen beef and sheep meat. | to describe the relationship between the concentration of different indicator bacteria in red meat. | 2007 | 17184320 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of the suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (saha) beta-glucuronide and beta-galactoside for application in selective prodrug chemotherapy. | the beta-o-glucuronide and beta-o-galactoside of saha have been prepared and evaluated as prodrugs for selective cancer chemotherapy (adept, pmt). these new compounds are stable under physiological conditions and do not exhibit any antiproliferative activity compared to the parent drug after a 48-h treatment of h661 cells. the glucuronide derivative did not lead to the release of the drug in the presence of either escherichia coli or bovine liver beta-glucuronidase. on the other hand, under enzy ... | 2007 | 17157009 |
| greater diversity of shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans. | escherichia coli o157:h7, a zoonotic human pathogen for which domestic cattle are a reservoir host, produces a shiga toxin(s) (stx) encoded by bacteriophages. chromosomal insertion sites of these bacteriophages define three principal genotypes (clusters 1 to 3) among clinical isolates of e. coli o157:h7. stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site genotypes of 282 clinical and 80 bovine isolates were evaluated. a total of 268 (95.0%) of the clinical isolates, but only 41 (51.3%) of the bovine isol ... | 2007 | 17142358 |
| dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to probe protein efflux through the mechanosensitive channel mscl. | the mechanosensitive channel protein of large conductance, mscl, from escherichia coli has been implicated in protein efflux, but the passage of proteins through the channel has never been demonstrated. we used dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to evaluate the efflux of fluorescent labeled compounds through mscl. the method correlates the fluctuations in intensity of fluorescent labeled membranes and encapsulated (macro)molecules (labeled with second fluorophore) for each liposome diffusing ... | 2007 | 17142294 |
| functional and structural aspects of poplar cytosolic and plastidial type a methionine sulfoxide reductases. | the genome of populus trichocarpa contains five methionine sulfoxide reductase a genes. here, both cytosolic (cmsra) and plastidial (pmsra) poplar msras were analyzed. the two recombinant enzymes are active in the reduction of methionine sulfoxide with either dithiothreitol or poplar thioredoxin as a reductant. in both enzymes, five cysteines, at positions 46, 81, 100, 196, and 202, are conserved. biochemical and enzymatic analyses of the cysteine-mutated msras support a catalytic mechanism invo ... | 2007 | 17135266 |
| characterization of ovine hepatic gene expression profiles in response to escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide using a bovine cdna microarray. | during systemic gram-negative bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (lps) ligation to the hepatic toll-like receptor-4 complex induces the production of hepatic acute phase proteins that are involved in the host response to infection and limit the associated inflammatory process. identifying the genes that regulate this hepatic response to lps in ruminants may provide insight into the pathogenesis of bacterial diseases and eventually facilitate breeding of more disease resistant animals. the ... | 2006 | 17134499 |
| vaccines against traveler's diarrhoea and rotavirus disease - a review. | diarrheal diseases constitute one of the most important health problems worldwide, preferentially in developing countries with a morbidity of estimated 5 billion and a mortality of 5 million cases per year. children less than 5 years are particularly in danger with respect to the incidence and severity of the gastrointestinal symptoms. travelers to developing countries are also at risk to develop diarrheal disorders; around 30-50% of them acquire so called "travelers's diarrhea" caused by bacter ... | 2006 | 17131234 |
| screening petting zoo animals for the presence of potentially pathogenic escherichia coli. | several outbreaks of escherichia coli o157 have been reported in petting zoos, resulting in hospitalization of many children. at present, no standard procedure has been adopted to monitor the presence of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) or shiga-toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in petting zoo animals. direct detection of these strains from rectal swabs of animals in petting zoos was developed and obviated the need to culture the organisms. dna extracted from bacteria in the swabs was tested for th ... | 2006 | 17121091 |
| occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous estonian dairy cows in different housing conditions. | objectives of the study were to document the impact of some management factors on the occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous dairy cows and to identify common udder pathogens of clinical mastitis in freshly calved heifers and multiparous cows on the day of calving. | 2006 | 17118174 |
| n-linked glycosylation of folded proteins by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. | n-linked protein glycosylation is found in all domains of life. in eukaryotes, it is the most abundant protein modification of secretory and membrane proteins, and the process is coupled to protein translocation and folding. we found that in bacteria, n-glycosylation can occur independently of the protein translocation machinery. in an in vitro assay, bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase glycosylated a folded endogenous substrate protein with high efficiency and folded bovine ribonuclease a with ... | 2006 | 17110579 |
| a simulation model to assess herd-level intervention strategies against e. coli o157. | a simulation model of a herd of grazing cattle, which has been developed to provide insight into the infection dynamics of e. coli o157 is described. the spatially explicit model enables the modelling of the infection transmission processes to be realistically addressed under field management conditions. the model is used to explore the efficacy of various potential control strategies in reducing the levels of within-herd infection. these measures include restricting the size of herds, niche eng ... | 2007 | 17109767 |
| characterization of bacterial susceptibility isolates in sixteen dairy farms in taiwan. | bacteria were isolated from dairy cows, dairy farm environments, and dairy workers in 2 geographically different areas of eastern and northern taiwan. isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the phylogenetics of isolated escherichia coli o157:h7 were characterized. a total of 1,346 bacteria were identified, including 226 e. coli, 30 pseudomonas spp. (7 pseudomonas aeruginosa), 259 other gram-negative bacteria, 271 enterococcus spp., 314 staphylococcus spp., 195 streptococcus ... | 2006 | 17106089 |
| biochemical characterization of 1-cys peroxiredoxin from antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata is a unique medicinal mushroom found only in taiwan. it has been used as a remedy for various diseases in folk medicine. antrodia camphorata has been shown to exhibit antioxidative effects. peroxiredoxins play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. a gene encoding an antioxidant enzyme, 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin (1-cys prx), was identified in an expressed sequence tag database of the a. camphorata and cloned by polymerase chain reaction. the 1-cys prx cdna (837 b ... | 2007 | 17103164 |
| antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from dairy cattle. | a study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) t ... | 2007 | 17098918 |
| escherichia coli: on-farm contamination of animals. | escherichia coli is one of the main inhabitants of the intestinal tract of most mammalian species, including humans, and birds. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), also called verotoxinogenic e. coli, usually do not cause disease in animals but may cause watery diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and/or haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. zoonotic stec include the o157:h7 strains and, with increasing frequency, certain non-o157 strains. the importance of non-o157 zoonotic strains is probably u ... | 2006 | 17094697 |
| characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004. | we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ... | 2006 | 17085893 |
| identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 genomic regions conserved in strains with a genotype associated with human infection. | beta-glucuronidase-negative, sorbitol-nonfermenting isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 comprise part of a clone complex of related enterohemorrhagic e. coli isolates. high-resolution genotyping shows that the o157 populations have diverged into two different lineages that appear to have different ecologies. to identify genomic regions unique to the most common human-associated genotype, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify dna sequences present in two c ... | 2007 | 17056689 |
| virulence markers and genetic relationships of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains from serogroup o111 isolated from cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from healthy cattle (o111:nm, seven strains; o111:h8, three strains) in brazil were studied and compared to previously characterized human strains in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to evaluate their pathogenic potential. most bovine stec o111 strains were isolated from dairy calves, and strains with genotypes stx1 alone and stx1/stx2 (variant stx2) occurred in different regions. irrespective of the stx genot ... | 2007 | 17049189 |
| cytolethal distending toxins in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: alleles, serotype distribution and biological effects. | to assess the prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), 202 stec strains were investigated using pcrs targeting various cdt alleles (cdt-i to cdt-v). seven of the 202 strains contained cdt-iii and an additional seven contained cdt-v. all 14 cdt-positive strains produced biologically active cdt, as demonstrated by a progressive distension of cultured chinese hamster ovary cells. the cdt-positive stec belonged to eight different serotypes, ... | 2006 | 17030906 |
| ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in france. | clinical escherichia coli strains with resistance or variable susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were detected in cattle, swine and poultry in france. these strains were shown to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), with ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases being responsible for this phenotype. the bla(ctx-m-1) gene was encountered most commonly and was characterised in seven e. coli strains isolated from cattle, swine and poultry, whereas bla(ctx-m-15) was ide ... | 2006 | 17027237 |
| a novel fusion protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been widely explored over the years. three mycobacterium bovis-specific antigen genes, namely, mpb70, mpb83, and esat-6 were recombined in tandem by spliced overlap extension technology and expressed in escherichia coli to obtain the fusion protein (rm70-83-e6). western blot analysis showed that rm70-83-e6 can specifically react with bovine tuberculosis-positive sera but not those from cattle infected with other b ... | 2007 | 17023217 |
| association between ceftiofur use and isolation of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from fecal samples of dairy cows. | to estimate the association between ceftiofur use and the isolation of escherichia coli with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility from fecal samples of dairy cow populations. | 2006 | 17014318 |
| structural plasticity of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase sfkpa is a key to its chaperone function as revealed by solution nmr. | intramolecular dynamics of periplasmic chaperone fkpa-deltact (sfkpa) and its complexes with partially structured substrates are studied by nmr in solution. the backbone amide 15n relaxation of sfkpa reveals flexibility in the relative orientation between the dimerization domain and two juxtaposed catalytic domains identified in the x-ray structure of sfkpa. this flexibility is attributed to the structural plasticity within the long alpha-helical arm (helix iii) consisting of residues 84 and 91. ... | 2006 | 17002297 |
| bacterial adherence to surgical sutures: can antibacterial-coated sutures reduce the risk of microbial contamination? | surgical site infections are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. the role of surgical sutures in the etiology of surgical site infection has been the objective of discussion for decades. this study used a standardized in vitro microbiologic model to assess bacterial adherence and the antibacterial activity of a triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (braided) suture against selected gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates that may infect surgical wounds. | 2006 | 17000391 |
| detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay. | regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ... | 2006 | 16997988 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract. | the rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. one potential candidate, bdle (dialysis at 10 to 12 kda cut-off) and its fractions ("s" and "l" by 3.5 kda cut-off and i, ii, iii, and iv by molecular exclusion chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, lysteria monocytogenes, esche ... | 2006 | 16997795 |
| vaccination of bovines with recombinant boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin. | boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc) is an aspartic proteinase found in boophilus microplus eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis and has been tested as antigen to compose an anti-tick vaccine. the vaccine potential of a recombinant byc expressed in escherichia coli (rbyc) was investigated. rbyc was purified and used to immunize hereford cattle. the sera of bovines immunized with rbyc recognized the native byc with a titer ranging from 125 to 4000. furthermore, immunized bovines challenged wi ... | 2006 | 16997384 |
| shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 by cattle fed diets containing monensin or tylosin. | monensin and tylosin have activity against gram-positive bacteria, and it has been theorized that their effects on the intestinal environment may promote proliferation of gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli. effects of these antibiotics on the shedding of e. coli o157:h7 were studied in a feedlot environment, using 32 finishing steers. a diet containing 85% barley grain, 10% barley silage, and 5% supplement was amended with 33 ppm monensin, 11 ppm tylosin, both of these additives, or ... | 2006 | 16995508 |
| antiviral activity of cho-ss cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against hcv rna replicons and related viruses. | the fully glycosylated human omega interferon produced from cho-ss cells (glycosylated ifn-omega) has been shown to be well-tolerated in man and to induce a sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). we examined the antiviral activity of glycosylated ifn-omega and various human ifns (ifn-alpha, -beta, -gamma and non-glycosylated bacterial (escherichia coli) recombinant ifn-omega (non-glycosylated ifn-omega)) against hcv rna replicons and several viruses relat ... | 2007 | 16987555 |
| response of spinach and komatsuna to biogas effluent made from source-separated kitchen garbage. | recycling of kitchen garbage is an urgent task for reducing public spending and environmental burdens by incineration and/or landfill. there is an interesting regional effort in ogawa, saitama prefecture, japan, in which source-separated kitchen garbage is anaerobically fermented with a biogas plant and the resultant effluent is used as a quick-release organic fertilizer by surrounding farmers. however, scientific assessments of fertilizer values and risks in the use of the effluent were lacking ... | 2006 | 16973635 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of escherichia coli o157 isolates from kansas feedlots. | this study investigated the prevalence and distribution of escherichia coli o157 genetic types within and among feedlots using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate xbai-digested dna. the study population consisted of 300 pens of cattle in 30 feedlots in kansas that were sampled (feces, water, and water sediment) within a month of being shipped for slaughter. the prevalence of e. coli o157 was 8.5% in feces, 3.1% in water, and 4.5% in water sediment samples. a total of 424 e. coli o157 is ... | 2006 | 16972773 |
| public health significance of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in raw bulk tank milk. | the dairy farm environment and animals on the farm serve as important reservoirs of pathogenic and commensal bacteria that could potentially gain access to milk in the bulk tank via several pathways. pathogenic gram-negative bacteria can gain access to bulk tank milk from infected mammary glands, contaminated udders and milking machines, and/or from the dairy farm environment. contaminated raw milk when consumed by humans or fed to animals on the farm can result in gastroenteric infections in hu ... | 2006 | 16972770 |
| effect of ractopamine hcl supplementation on fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle. | the effects of the beta-agonist ractopamine, recently approved for use in feedlot cattle to improve carcass quality and performance, on fecal shedding escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in feedlot cattle was examined. in the first study, 20 feedlot steers and heifers were randomly assigned to receive ractopamine or no ractopamine (control) by way of oral bolus for 28 days. fecal samples were collected daily, and shedding of e. coli o157:h7 determined. when examined during the entire 28-day ... | 2006 | 16972129 |
| occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli o157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in west bengal, india. | (i) to study the occurrence of escherichia coli serotype o157 in cattle stool in west bengal, india, and (ii) the virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance of the e. coli isolates. | 2006 | 16965371 |
| deferoxamine reduces tissue damage during endotoxin-induced mastitis in dairy cows. | the protective effects of 3 antioxidants on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-induced damage to mammary cells were evaluated in vivo using an endotoxin-induced mastitis model. fifteen healthy, midlactation cows with no history of clinical escherichia coli mastitis were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups corresponding to each modulator to be evaluated, that is, deferoxamine, catechin, and glutathione ethyl ester. each cow had 1 quarter infused with saline and 1 quarter infused with the s ... | 2006 | 16960060 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-encoding bacteria and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms and county fairs. | shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (stb) and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) were detected and isolated from dairy cattle and their farm environment and from manure piles at minnesota (mn) county fairs from 2001 to 2002. a total of 2,540 samples were collected from 28 dairy cattle farms (8 organic and 20 conventional), 17 calf pens (5 organic and 12 conventional), and 12 county fairs. stb were detected from 71 (3.2%) of 2208 fecal samples with 20 (71.4%) of 28 dairy farms having at leas ... | 2006 | 16959442 |