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investigating the presence of sars cov-2 in free-living and captive animals.due to sars cov-2 recombination rates, number of infected people and recent reports of environmental contamination, the possibility of sars cov-2 transmission to animals can be expected. we tested samples of dominant free-living and captive wildlife species in croatia for the presence of anti-sars cov-2 antibodies and viral rna. in total, from june 2020 until february 2021, we tested blood, muscle extract and fecal samples of 422 free-living wild boars (sus scrofa), red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and ...202134064271
occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic enteropathogens in gulls from southern europe.campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. are the two most frequent zoonotic bacteria involved in human enteric infections in the european union. both enteropathogens have been isolated from a diversity of wild birds in northern europe, but there is limited information about gulls as potential reservoirs in southern europe. a broad sampling of fledglings from nine colonies of yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis, n = 1222) and audouin's gull (larus audouinii, n = 563) has been conducted in spain a ...202033158539
mercury exposure in birds linked to marine ecosystems in the western mediterranean.mercury (hg), particularly as methylmercury (mehg), is a nonessential, persistent, and bioaccumulative toxic element with high biomagnification capacity and is considered a threat to marine environments. we evaluated total hg concentrations in liver, kidney, and brain in 62 individuals of 9 bird species linked to marine ecosystems from western mediterranean admitted in a wildlife rehabilitation center (wrc) (alicante, spain, 2005-2020). age- and sex-related differences in hg levels, as well as t ...202033106911
molecular characterization of the re-emerging west nile virus in avian species and equids in israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease.in this report we describe the molecular and pathological characteristics of west nile virus (wnv) infection that occurred during the summer and fall of 2018 in avian species and equines. wnv is reported in israel since the 1950s, with occasional outbreaks leading to significant morbidity and mortality in birds, high infection in horses and humans, and sporadic fatalities in humans.202033092614
egg corticosterone can stimulate telomerase activity and promote longer telomeres during embryo development.it is often assumed that the transfer of maternal glucocorticoids (gcs; e.g., corticosterone or cortisol) to offspring is an inevitable cost associated with adverse or stressful conditions experienced by mothers. however, recent evidence indicates that maternal gcs may adaptively programme particular physiological and molecular pathways during development to enhance offspring fitness. in this context, an important mechanism through which maternal gcs may lastingly affect offspring phenotypic qua ...202033065771
rhamphotheca as a useful indicator of mercury in seabirds.the evaluation of mercury (hg) toxicity in wildlife species has prompted a search for sensitive indicators to accurately measure the body burden of hg. despite the extensive use of feathers as an indicator of hg in birds, they do not appear to be an entirely suitable indicator of the extent of contamination in certain conditions and bird species since hg levels are influenced by the growth period, timing of the last moult and migration. this research aimed to evaluate rhamphotheca as a potential ...202032920380
within- and among-clutch variation of yolk perfluoroalkyl acids in a seabird from the northern adriatic sea.perfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) are surface-active agents used in diverse industrial and commercial applications. they contaminate both freshwater and marine ecosystems, are highly persistent, and accumulate through trophic transfer. seabirds are exposed to environmental contaminants due to their high trophic position in food webs and relatively long lifespan. we measured levels of 10 perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) in egg yolks of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis) breeding in the northern a ...202032833265
yellow-legged gull eggs (larus michahellis) as persistent organic pollutants and trace metal bioindicator for two nearby areas with different human impact.the concentration of different persistent organic pollutants (pops including chlorinated and brominated compounds) and trace metals and metalloids (as, cd, cu, cr, pb, hg, ni, and zn) was examined in eggs from two colonies of yellow-legged gulls. the two colonies are established in ría de vigo, northwest spain, with a distance between them of only 10 km, one in vigo town (industrial and harbour activities) and the other in the cíes islands in a natural park and marine protected area -mpa- (with ...202032771366
assessment of environmental health based on a complementary approach using metal quantification, oxidative stress and trophic ecology of two gull species (larus michahellis & larus audouinii) breeding in sympatry.metal pollution is currently a major issue in marine ecosystems, as organisms, and particularly seabirds, are exposed and accumulating increased levels from several anthropogenic sources. a set of 13 metals were quantified in two gull species breeding in sympatry, and in two distinct colonies separated by ca. 400 km. oxidative stress was measured, and stable isotope analyses were used to link metal contamination and oxidative stress with the trophic ecology of each species/population. there was ...202032692669
characterization of anthropogenic materials on yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) nests breeding in natural and urban sites along the coast of portugal.anthropogenic materials are a persistent pressure on ecosystems, affecting many species. seabirds can collect these materials to construct their nests, which may modify nest characteristics and cause entanglement of chicks and adults, with possible consequences on breeding success. the incorporation of anthropogenic materials in nests of seabird species that breed in both natural and urban environments, such as gulls, is poorly known. here, we characterize and compare anthropogenic materials inc ...202032577968
humans shape the year-round distribution and habitat use of an opportunistic scavenger.research focused on evaluating how human food subsidies influence the foraging ecology of scavenger species is scarce but essential for elucidating their role in shaping behavioral patterns, population dynamics, and potential impacts on ecosystems. we evaluate the potential role of humans in shaping the year-round distribution and habitat use of individuals from a typical scavenger species, the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), breeding at southwestern spain. to do this, we combined long-t ...202032551055
gull chicks grow faster but lose telomeres when prenatal cues mismatch the real presence of sibling competitors.during embryonic life, individuals should adjust their phenotype to the conditions that they will encounter after birth, including the social environment, if they have access to (social) cues that allow them to forecast future conditions. in birds, evidence indicates that embryos are sensitive to cues from clutch mates, but whether embryos adjust their development to cope with the expected level of sibling competition has not hitherto been investigated. to tackle this question, we performed a 'm ...202032429809
behavioral rhythms of an opportunistic predator living in anthropogenic landscapes.human activities have profoundly altered the spatio-temporal availability of food resources. yet, there is a clear lack of knowledge on how opportunistic species adapt to these new circumstances by scheduling their daily rhythms and adjust their foraging decisions to predicable patterns of anthropic food subsidies. here, we used nearly continuous gps tracking data to investigate the adaptability of daily foraging activity in an opportunistic predator, the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), ...202032341783
relating trophic ecology and hg species contamination in a resident opportunistic seabird of the bay of biscay.methylmercury (mehg) is the most bioavailable and toxic form of the globally distributed pollutant hg. organisms of higher trophic levels living in aquatic ecosystems have potentially higher concentrations of mehg. in this work, we analysed both mehg and inorganic mercury (hg(ii)) concentrations from dorsal feathers of chicks from ten colonies of yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) in the south-eastern part of the bay of biscay. overall, we detected a high mean mehg concentration that, howeve ...202032335430
reduced telomere length in embryos exposed to predator cues.it is often assumed that embryos are isolated from external influences, but recent studies indicate that environmental stressors during prenatal stages can exert long-term negative effects on fitness. a potential mechanism by which predation risk may lastingly shape life-history traits and phenotypes is via effects on telomeres. however, whether prenatal exposure to environmental stressors, such as cues of predator presence, affects postnatal telomere length has not hitherto been investigated. u ...201931796604
heterogeneous composition of anthropogenic litter recorded in nests of yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) from a small mediterranean island.this note reports data about a heterogeneous assemblage of anthropogenic litter recorded in 307 nesting and roosting sites of yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) from a small mediterranean island. i obtained items of anthropogenic litter on > 30% on the total, with plastic, glass and paper the significantly more abundant litter categories. litter items were found in the nests mainly as a dry remnant in the regurgitated pellets. fragments of expanded polystyrene (eps) with peck marks were also ...202031706726
investigation of urban birds as source of β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria in marseille city, france.we investigate here the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from stool samples of yellow-legged gulls and chickens (n = 136) in urban parks and beaches of marseille, france. bacterial isolation was performed on selective media, including macconkey agar with ceftriaxone and lbjmr medium. antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) (i.e. blactx-m, blatem and blashv), carbapenemases (blakpc, blavim, blandm, blaoxa-23, blaoxa-24, blaoxa-48 and blaoxa-58 ...201931672159
perinatal variation and covariation of oxidative status and telomere length in yellow-legged gull chicks.the perinatal period is critical to survival and performance of many organisms. in birds, rapid postnatal growth and sudden exposure to aerial oxygen around hatching markedly affect the chick redox status, with potentially negative consequences on physiology mediated by oxidative stress. in addition, telomere length (tl) undergoes reduction during birds' early life, partly depending on oxidative status. however, relatively few studies have focused specifically on the changes in oxidative status ...201931616481
predation risk affects egg mass but not egg steroid hormone concentrations in yellow-legged gulls.predators have both direct, consumptive effects on their prey and non-lethal effects on physiology and behavior, including reproductive decisions, with cascading effects on prey ecology and evolution. here, we experimentally tested such non-lethal effects of exposure to increased predation risk on clutch size, egg mass, and the concentration of yolk steroid hormones in the yellow-legged gull larus michahellis. we simulated increased predation risk by displaying stuffed predators (adult fox vulpe ...201931413713
egg testosterone differentially affects telomere length in somatic tissues of yellow-legged gull embryos.maternal decisions on egg composition have major consequences for offspring. maternal egg androgens have diverse, often contrasting, effects depending on offspring trait and life stage, suggesting that mothers face trade-offs in egg hormone transfer. however, the effect of egg androgens on embryonic telomere length, which is a major trait potentially affecting performance, has been never investigated. we administered a physiological dose of testosterone (t) to yellow-legged gull (larus michahell ...202031365307
pathogen transmission risk by opportunistic gulls moving across human landscapes.wildlife that exploit human-made habitats hosts and spreads bacterial pathogens. this shapes the epidemiology of infectious diseases and facilitates pathogen spill-over between wildlife and humans. this is a global problem, yet little is known about the dissemination potential of pathogen-infected animals. by combining molecular pathogen diagnosis with gps tracking of pathogen-infected gulls, we show how this knowledge gap could be filled at regional scales. specifically, we generated pathogen r ...201931337777
bird embryos perceive vibratory cues of predation risk from clutch mates.during development in fluctuating environments, phenotypes can be adjusted to the conditions that individuals will probably encounter later in life. as developing embryos have a limited capacity to fully capture environmental information, theory predicts that they should integrate relevant information from all reliable sources, including the social environment. in many oviparous species, embryos are able to perceive cues of predator presence in some circumstances, but whether this information is ...201931332329
a comparative ultrastructural study of the pecten oculi in adult, juvenile, and nestling yellow-legged gulls, larus michahellis (naumann, 1840).this study aimed at examining the histological structure of the pecten oculi in the adult yellow-legged gull, larus michahellis, and at two moments of postnatal development: during the posthatch (nestling) and juvenile periods. particular attention was paid to differences in the diameter of vessels, the thickness of the basement membrane, and ultrastructural features of endothelial and pigmented stromal cells. capillary endothelial cells displayed numerous microvillous-like folds projecting from ...202031328853
prenatal independent and combined effects of yolk vitamin e and corticosterone on embryo growth and oxidative status in the yellow-legged gull.variation in the concentration of antioxidants and hormones of maternal origin in the eggs of birds can have a profound influence on offspring phenotype both prenatally and postnatally. egg maternal substances can have interacting effects, but experimental studies of the consequences of the combined variation in the egg concentration of such molecules are extremely rare, particularly as far as prenatal stages are concerned. we manipulated the yolk concentration of vitamin e and corticosterone, w ...201931043457
virulence and antibiotic resistance patterns in e. coli, morocco.of 28 non-duplicate isolates of escherichia coli recovered from yellow-legged larus michahellis in morocco, 92.86% were resistant to more than three antibiotics and 71.4% were multidrug resistant. phylogenetic group a was most predominant (57.14%), followed by b1 (18%), b2 (14.28%) and f (10.71%). one isolate was resistant to ertapenem and contained the blaoxa-48 gene. the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants were detected in nine isolates (aac(6')-ib-cr, qnrs1, qnrb1). thirteen is ...201930895488
exposure of yellow-legged gulls to toxoplasma gondii along the western mediterranean coasts: tales from a sentinel.efficiently tracking and anticipating the dynamics of infectious agents in wild populations requires the gathering of large numbers of samples, if possible at several locations and points in time, which can be a challenge for some species. testing for the presence of specific maternal antibodies in egg yolks sampled on the colonies could represent an efficient way to quantify the exposure of breeding females to infectious agents, particularly when using an abundant and widespread species, such a ...201930891402
redox-regulation and life-history trade-offs: scavenging mitochondrial ros improves growth in a wild bird.it has been proposed that animals usually restrain their growth because fast growth leads to an increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtros), which can damage mitochondrial dna and promote mitochondrial dysfunction. here, we explicitly test whether this occurs in a wild bird by supplementing chicks with a mitochondria-targeted ros scavenger, mitoubiquinone (mitoq), and examining growth rates and mtdna damage. in the yellow-legged gull larus michahellis, mitoq supplementa ...201930778088
temporal and spatial distribution of mercury in gulls eggs from the iberian peninsula.we examined how coastal mercury contamination varied spatially and temporally across the iberian peninsula by measuring mercury concentrations in the eggs of the sentinel biomonitor yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis). samples were collected from eight colonies that ranged from the atlantic across the south and northern areas of the mediterranean. we also measured hg residues in eggs of the one of the most endangered gull species in the world, the audouin's gull (larus audouinii) from the ebr ...201930564852
embryotoxic effects of in-ovo triclosan injection to the yellow-legged gull.triclosan (tcs) is an antimicrobial agent used in diverse personal care products that is considered as an emerging contaminant of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. although tcs aquatic ecotoxicity is well known, information on the presence and effects on terrestrial organisms is still scarce. this study was aimed at exploring the embryotoxicity of tcs to the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) induced by the in-ovo injection of 150 ng tcs/g egg weight. effects of tcs on embryo morpholo ...201930508801
yolk vitamin e positively affects prenatal growth but not oxidative status in yellow-legged gull embryos.parental effects occur whenever the phenotype of parents or the environment that they experience influences the phenotype and fitness of their offspring. in birds, parental effects are often mediated by the size and biochemical quality of the eggs in terms of maternally transferred components. exogenous antioxidants are key egg components that accomplish crucial physiological functions during early life. among these, vitamin e plays a vital role during prenatal development when the intense metab ...201830402069
physiological increase of yolk testosterone level does not affect oxidative status and telomere length in gull hatchlings.conditions experienced during early-life can cause the onset of oxidative stress, resulting in pervasive effects on diverse life-history traits, including lifespan. in birds, maternally-transferred egg substances may exert positive or negative influence over the offspring phenotype. among these, testosterone can upregulate the bioavailability of certain antioxidants but simultaneously promotes the production of pro-oxidants, leading to an oxidative stress situation, which is one of the main forc ...201830365552
enrichment of trace elements in colonies of the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) in the atlantic islands national park (galicia-nw spain).marine-derived nutrients are known accumulate in seabird breeding colonies due to the deposition of nutrient-rich biological materials, thus greatly altering the functioning and dynamics of these terrestrial ecosystems. here we present the results of a sampling survey carried out during three years in yellow-legged gull colonies in the atlantic islands of galicia national park (nw spain) with the aim of evaluating the influence of the colonies on the accumulation of trace elements, including mic ...201930340299
concentrations of chlorinated pollutants in adipose tissue of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis) from spain: role of gender and age.concentrations of 7 different polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners, and eleven organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and metabolites, including ddts (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), hchs (hexachlorocyclohexane isomers), endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, dieldrin and hcb (hexachlorobenzene), were determined in adipose tissue of 57 yellow-legged gulls collected from nw and n spain. furthermore, the possible differences due to two endogenous factors, age and gender, were determined. all the ...201830145489
trace elements in biomaterials and soils from a yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) colony in the atlantic islands of galicia national park (nw spain).seabird colonies drastically transform the sites that they inhabit. although the influence of seabirds on nutrient cycling has been investigated in numerous studies, the effects on trace elements has scarcely been considered. in this study, we determined the total contents of 9 trace elements in biomaterials (excrement, pellets, feathers and eggs) and soils in relation to the presence the yellow-legged gull larus michahellis. the concentrations of zn, cu and as were particularly high in the pell ...201830041301
glucocorticoids modulate gastrointestinal microbiome in a wild bird.it has recently been hypothesized that stress exposure (e.g. via glucocorticoid secretion) may dysregulate the bacterial gut microbiome, a crucial 'organ' in animal health. however, whether stress exposure (e.g. via glucocorticoid secretion) affects the bacterial gut microbiome of natural populations is unknown. we have experimentally altered the basal glucocorticoid level (corticosterone implants) in a wild avian species, the yellow-legged gull larus michahellis, to assess its effects on the ga ...201829765642
independent and combined effects of egg pro- and anti-oxidants on gull chick phenotype.oviparous mothers transfer to their eggs components that have both independent and combined effects on offspring phenotype. the functional interaction between egg components, such as antioxidants and hormones, suggests that a change in the concentration of one component will have effects on offspring traits that depend on the concentration of other interacting components. however, the combined effects of variation in different egg components are virtually unknown. bird eggs contain vitamin e, a ...201829615528
presence and impact of stockholm convention pops in gull eggs from spanish and portuguese natural and national parks.the aim of the present work was to comparatively assess the occurrence and impact of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in nine natural and national parks from spain and portugal using gull eggs (larus michahellis and l. audouinii) as bioindicators of environmental contamination. sampling was performed during the breeding season of 2016. compounds studied include polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorinated pesticides (oc pesticides), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (pfos) and polybromina ...201829597164
an outbreak of philophthalmosis in larus michahellis and larus fuscus gulls in iberian peninsula.trematodes of the genus philophthalmus loos, 1899 are the eye parasites of birds and mammals, which use freshwater snails as their first intermediate hosts. here we examined the presence of philophthalmids in a total of 1515 gulls (589 larus fuscus and 926 larus michahellis) admitted between january 2010 and october 2016 for rehabilitation at olhão (portugal), by the use of combined morphological and molecular analysis. we recorded the first infected l. fuscus and l. michahellis in july and nove ...201829288885
detection of relapsing fever borrelia spp., bartonella spp. and anaplasmataceae bacteria in argasid ticks in algeria.argasid ticks (soft ticks) are blood-feeding arthropods that can parasitize rodents, birds, humans, livestock and companion animals. ticks of the ornithodoros genus are known to be vectors of relapsing fever borreliosis in humans. in algeria, little is known about relapsing fever borreliosis and other bacterial pathogens transmitted by argasid ticks.201729145396
effect of yolk corticosterone on begging in the yellow-legged gull.behavioral lateralization is widespread across vertebrates. the development of lateralization is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. in birds, maternal substances in the egg can affect offspring lateralization via activational and/or organizational effects. corticosterone affects the development of brain asymmetry, suggesting that variation in yolk corticosterone concentration may also influence post-natal behavioral lateralization, a hypothesis that has never been tested so far. ...201829127025
reference intervals for b-esterases in gull, larus michahellis (nauman, 1840) from northwest spain: influence of age, gender, and tissue.over the last years, cholinesterase (che) and carboxylesterase (cbe) activities have been increasingly used in environmental biomonitoring to detect the exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides such as organophosphorates (ops) and carbamates (cbs). the aim of this study was to determine che and cbe enzymatic activities present in liver and muscle of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis), a seabird species considered suitable to monitor environmental pollution. in order to provide reference ...201829098577
morphological and molecular assessment of pentastomes from gulls in portugal.during 2016, 153 gulls, including 64 larus fuscus and 89 larus michahellis, were found crippled in south portugal, died in wildlife rehabilitation and investigation center-rias, and were necropsied. reighardia sternae infected 2 (3%, n = 64) l. fuscus and 4 (4%, n = 89) l. michahellis. molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification based on total body length, maximum body width, length of anterior and posterior hooks, total length of oral aparatus, and other features of oral apara ...201728665257
population structure of the soft tick ornithodoros maritimus and its associated infectious agents within a colony of its seabird host larus michahellis.the epidemiology of vector-borne zoonoses depends on the movement of both hosts and vectors, which can differ greatly in intensity across spatial scales. because of their life history traits and small size, vector dispersal may be frequent, but limited in distance. however, little information is available on vector movement patterns at local spatial scales, and particularly for ticks, transmitting the greatest diversity of recognized infectious agents. to test the degree to which ticks can dispe ...201728620577
yolk vitamin e prevents oxidative damage in gull hatchlings.oxidative stress experienced during early development can negatively affect diverse life-history traits, and organisms have evolved complex defence systems against its detrimental effects. bird eggs contain maternally derived exogenous antioxidants that play a major role in embryo protection from oxidative damage, including the negative effects on telomere dynamics. in this study on the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), we manipulated the concentration of vitamin e (ve) in the egg yolk and ...201728573018
a long-term retrospective study on rehabilitation of seabirds in gran canaria island, spain (2003-2013).the aims of this study were to analyze the causes of morbidity and mortality in a large population of seabirds admitted to the tafira wildlife rehabilitation center (twrc) in gran canaria island, spain, from 2003 to 2013, and to analyze the outcomes of the rehabilitation process.201728475653
seabirds drive plant species turnover on small mediterranean islands at the expense of native taxa.the analysis of long-term floristic changes was conducted on nine west-mediterranean limestone islands (size range: 2-95 ha) which have recently undergone a severe demographic explosion in their yellow-legged gull larus cachinnans colonies. a comparison of past and present plant inventories was used to quantify extinction-colonization events, both from a classical biogeographical perspective (per island approach) and a metapopulational perspective (per species approach). in the first approach, f ...200028308294
trophic niche width and overlap of two sympatric gulls in the southwestern mediterranean.the diets of two potential competitor species, audouin's larus audouinii and yellow-legged gulls larus cachinnans, were examined while they bred at the chafarinas islands during 1993, 1994, and 1995. data were collected during two commercial fishing regimes: (1) trawling and purse seine fisheries, and (2) diurnal trawlers only. since the food supply for the gulls in this area was heavily reliant on the activity of purse seine fisheries, these contrasting situations allowed us to analyze short-te ...199728307378
vim-1 carbapenemase-producing escherichia coli in gulls from southern france.acquired carbapenemases currently pose one of the most worrying public health threats related to antimicrobial resistance. a ndm-1-producing salmonella corvallis was reported in 2013 in a wild raptor. further research was needed to understand the role of wild birds in the transmission of bacteria resistant to carbapenems. our aim was to investigate the presence of carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli in gulls from southern france. in 2012, we collected 158 cloacal swabs samples from two gull sp ...201728303191
anthropogenic impact on environmental filamentous fungi communities along the mediterranean littoral.we hypothesised that anthropogenic influences impact the filamentous fungi community structure and that particular species or species patterns might serve as markers to characterise ecosystems. this study aimed to describe the filamentous fungi community structure in various biotopes along the mediterranean shore that were exposed to various levels of anthropogenic influence. we sampled filamentous fungi from yellow-legged gull faecal samples at five study sites along the mediterranean littoral ...201728276198
contrasting effects of increased yolk testosterone content on development and oxidative status in gull embryos.hormone-mediated maternal effects generate variation in offspring phenotype. in birds, maternal egg testosterone (t) exerts differential effects on offspring traits after hatching, suggesting that mothers experience a trade-off between contrasting t effects. however, there is very little information on t pre-natal effects. in the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), we increased yolk t concentration within physiological limits and measured the effects on development and oxidative status of la ...201728202650
antioxidants and embryo phenotype: is there experimental evidence for strong integration of the antioxidant system?organisms have evolved complex defense systems against oxidative stress. bird eggs contain maternally derived antioxidants that protect embryos from oxidative damage. the antioxidant system components are thought to be integrated, but few studies have analyzed the covariation between antioxidant concentrations, embryo 'oxidative status' and morphology. in addition, no study has tested the effects of experimental change in yolk antioxidant concentration on other antioxidants, on their reciprocal ...201728202649
prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and/or carbapenemase-producing escherichia coli isolated from yellow-legged gulls from barcelona, spain.seventy-two (54.5%) out of 132 fecal samples from a group of yellow-legged gulls in barcelona, spain, were positive for escherichia coli producing either extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) (51.5%), carbapenemase (1.5%), or cephamycinase (1.5%). the isolation of two carbapenemase-producing e. coli strains is a matter of concern.201727919890
opportunistic fungal pathogen candida glabrata circulates between humans and yellow-legged gulls.the opportunistic pathogenic yeast candida glabrata is a component of the mycobiota of both humans and yellow-legged gulls that is prone to develop fluconazole resistance. whether gulls are a reservoir of the yeast and facilitate the dissemination of human c. glabrata strains remains an open question. in this study, mlva genotyping highlighted the lack of genetic structure of 190 c. glabrata strains isolated from either patients in three hospitals or fecal samples collected from gull breeding co ...201627782182
antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serovars and campylobacter spp. isolated from an opportunistic gull species, yellow-legged gull ( larus michahellis ).wildlife is a natural reservoir of salmonella and campylobacter, the most important human foodborne pathogens worldwide. free-living birds have the potential to transport, over large distances, such zoonotic bacteria that may harbor antimicrobial resistance traits. on the northeastern iberian coast, we assessed the role of yellow-legged gulls ( larus michahellis ) as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella and thermophilic campylobacter isolates recovered from gulls at three colonie ...201727723383
gut yeast communities in larus michahellis from various breeding colonies.yellow-legged gulls have been reported to carry antibiotic-resistant enterobacteriaceae; however, the gut mycobiota of these birds has not yet been described. in this study, we analyzed the gut yeast communities in five yellow-legged gull breeding colonies along the mediterranean littoral in southern france. gull fecal samples were inoculated onto four types of culture media, including one supplemented with itraconazole. yeast species richness, abundance, and diversity were estimated, and factor ...201627703020
feathered detectives: real-time gps tracking of scavenging gulls pinpoints illegal waste dumping.urban waste impacts human and environmental health, and waste management has become one of the major challenges of humanity. concurrently with new directives due to manage this human by-product, illegal dumping has become one of the most lucrative activities of organized crime. beyond economic fraud, illegal waste disposal strongly enhances uncontrolled dissemination of human pathogens, pollutants and invasive species. here, we demonstrate the potential of novel real-time gps tracking of scaveng ...201627448048
toxoplasma gondii infection in seagull chicks is related to the consumption of freshwater food resources.understanding the spread of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) in wild birds, particularly in those with opportunistic feeding behavior, is of interest for elucidating the epidemiological involvement of these birds in the maintenance and dissemination of the parasite. overall, from 2009 to 2011, we collected sera from 525 seagull chicks (yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) and audouin's gull (l. audouinii)) from 6 breeding colonies in spain and tested them using the modified agglutination test (ma ...201626974667
metal pollution in biotic and abiotic samples of the büyük menderes river, turkey.the büyük menderes river (bmr) is one of the largest rivers in turkey. this river irrigates efficient farmlands and includes tributaries of other rivers and streams and many populated towns within its limits in the ege region. both the estuary and işıklı lake serve as a sanctuary for various waterbirds. therefore, the bmr plays a critical role both for the inhabitants and for the ecosystem organisms in its environs. in the present study, we analyzed levels of metals including iron, barium, zinc, ...201726971518
population control of an overabundant species achieved through consecutive anthropogenic perturbations.the control of overabundant vertebrates is often problematic. much work has focused on population-level responses and overabundance due to anthropogenic subsidies. however, far less work has been directed at investigating responses following the removal of subsidies. we investigate the consequences of two consecutive perturbations, the closure of a landfill and an inadvertent poisoning event, on the trophic ecology (δ13c, δ15n, and δ34s), survival, and population size of an overabundant generali ...201526910951
influence of trophic ecology on the accumulation of dioxins and furans (pcdd/fs), non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in mediterranean gulls (larus michahellis and l. audouinii): a three-isotope approach.the impact of pollution caused by severe anthropogenic pressure in the mediterranean sea, an important biodiversity hotspot, requires continuous research efforts. sources of highly toxic chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (pops) are misunderstood in representative mediterranean species, which limits our capability to establish proper conservation strategies. in the present study, eggs of audouin's and yellow-legged gulls (larus audouinii and l. michahellis) were used to investigate ...201626854700
yolk testosterone affects growth and promotes individual-level consistency in behavioral lateralization of yellow-legged gull chicks.behavioral lateralization is common in animals and may be expressed at the individual- and at the population-level. the ontogenetic processes that control lateralization, however, are largely unknown. well-established sex-dependence in androgen physiology and sex-dependent variation in lateralization have led to the hypothesis that testosterone (t) has organizational effects on lateralization. the effects of t exposure in early life on lateralization can be efficiently investigated by manipulati ...201626836770
dioxins and dl-pcbs in gull eggs from spanish natural parks (2010-2013).the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) and biphenyls (pcbs), concretely those so-called as dioxin-like pcbs, in yellow-legged gull eggs (larus michahellis) collected from five natural parks (some of them national parks) in spain during the period 2010-2013. pcdd/fs and dl-pcbs were detected in all the samples. due to the proximity to important urban and industrial areas higher concentrations were determine ...201626808402
wild birds, frequent carriers of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli of ctx-m and shv-12 types.to get a better insight into the role of birds as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) and plasmidic ampc β-lactamase (pampc) escherichia coli producers, 100 fecal samples belonging to 15 different wild avian species from northern spain were analyzed. cefotaxime-resistant (ctx(r)) e. coli isolates were identified in 16 of the 100 tested birds, which corresponded to 9 animal species (gyps fulvus-griffon vulture, larus michahellis-yellow-legged gull, milvus migrans-black kite, milvus ...201626687342
high prevalence of sxt/r391-related integrative and conjugative elements carrying blacmy-2 in proteus mirabilis isolates from gulls in the south of france.the genetic structures involved in the dissemination of blacmy-2 carried by proteus mirabilis isolates recovered from different gull species in the south of france were characterized and compared to clinical isolates. blacmy-2 was identified in p. mirabilis isolates from 27/93 yellow-legged gulls and from 37/65 slender-billed gulls. it was carried by a conjugative sxt/r391-like integrative and conjugative element (ice) in all avian strains and in 3/7 human strains. two clinical isolates had the ...201626643344
brain cholinesterase reactivation as a marker of exposure to anticholinesterase pesticides: a case study in a population of yellow-legged gull larus michahellis (naumann, 1840) along the northern coast of portugal.between late 2010 to early 2011, an increased mortality in gulls was observed along the northern coast of portugal, with individuals exhibiting neurologic disorders consistent with an eventual anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning event. to clarify if this mortality was related to organophosphate (op) and/or carbamate (cb) poisoning, chemical and spontaneous cholinesterase (che) reactivation was tested in the brain of the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis). initial brain che activity in l. ...201626564198
detection of a novel rickettsia sp. in soft ticks (acari: argasidae) in algeria.argasid ticks are vectors of viral and bacterial agents that can infect humans and animals. in africa, relapsing fever borreliae are neglected arthropod-borne pathogens that cause mild to deadly septicemia and miscarriage. it would be incredibly beneficial to be able to simultaneous detect and identify other pathogens transmitted by argasid ticks. from 2012 to 2014, we conducted field surveys in 4 distinct areas of algeria. we investigated the occurrence of soft ticks in rodent burrows and yello ...201626408401
potential toxicity of environmentally relevant perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) concentrations to yellow-legged gull larus michahellis embryos.perfluooctane sulfonate (pfos) is considered an emerging pollutant because of its wide distribution in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as its potential toxicity to living organisms. although pfos environmental levels and the adverse effects on classical model organisms in toxicological studies are well known, including developmental alterations and alteration of oxidative status, its toxicity to free-living species has been seldom investigated. the aim of this study was to asses ...201626310703
parasitic fauna of a yellow-legged gull colony in the island of escombreras (south-eastern mediterranean) in close proximity to a landfill site: potential effects on cohabiting species.we identified the ectoparasites and helminth fauna of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis michahellis), breeding near to a solid waste landfill, and compared infection levels with those of other yellow-legged gull colonies. moreover, we analysed correlations between parasites and sex and body condition of yellow-legged gulls, co-infections and the helminth community structure in order to propose the role of this species as reservoir of certain parasites. we also discuss the potential transmis ...201526203998
non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae avian isolate from france cocarrying the bla(vim-1) and bla(vim-4) genes.we describe here a non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolate producing both vim-1 and vim-4 carbapenemases. it was isolated from a yellow-legged gull in southern france. the blavim genes were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an inca/c plasmid. this study emphasizes the presence of carbapenemase genes in wildlife microbiota.201526169421
phosphorus in seagull colonies and the effect on the habitats. the case of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis) in the atlantic islands national park (galicia-nw spain).during the period 1980-2000, the yellow-legged gull population underwent exponential growth due to an increase in the availability of anthropogenic food resources. the aim of this study was to highlight the effect of the gull colonies on the p soil cycle and the associated effects on coastal ecosystems. samples of soil, water and faecal material were collected in a colony of yellow-legged gulls (cíes islands) and in a control area. four sampling plots were installed in the study areas, and sampl ...201526081740
individual and population-level sex-dependent lateralization in yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) chicks.behavioral lateralization at the population level is widespread across vertebrates, with considerable variation among species. however, evidence for individual-level and sex-dependent lateralization is sparse and inconsistent in fish, reptiles and birds. in addition, covariation of lateralization with position in the laying sequence, which is expected because the concentration of maternal egg hormones varies with laying order, has never been investigated. we analyzed lateralization of yellow-leg ...201525818662
bottom-up control of macrobenthic communities in a guanotrophic coastal system.soft bottom macrobenthic communities were studied seasonally in three coastal ponds (marinello ponds, italy) at increasing distances from a gull (larus michahellis) colony to investigate the effect of seabird-induced eutrophication (i.e. guanotrophication) on macrobenthic fauna. we hypothesized that enhanced nutrient concentration and organic load caused by guano input significantly alter the trophic and sedimentological condition of ponds, affecting benthic fauna through a bottom-up control. th ...201525679400
accumulation and maternal transfer of perfluorooctane sulphonic acid in yellow-legged (larus michahellis) and audouin's gull (larus audouinii) from the ebro delta natural park.this study aimed to determine the accumulation and maternal transfer of perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (pfos) in yellow-legged gulls (ylg, larus michahellis) and the protected species audouin's gull (ag, larus audouinii), which cohabit in the ebro delta natural park (catalonia, spain). the estimated daily intake (edi) through diet (fish and crayfish), depuration rates and transfer capacity from blood to first eggs was studied for a set of 44 pairs. for ag, mean (±sd) edi was of 128 ± 36 ng/d in ...201525575371
egg sampling as a possible alternative to blood sampling when monitoring the exposure of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis) to avian influenza viruses.we explored whether antibody detection in egg yolks could serve as an alternative to antibody detection in plasma samples when monitoring yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis) for exposure to avian influenza viruses (aivs). we tested female plasma and eggs for anti-aiv antibodies and used the data we obtained to check whether the two sample types yielded the same antibody status (positive or negative) and to compare the antibody prevalence estimated from the blood data with that estimated from ...201425275922
chewing lice (phthiraptera: amblycera, ischnocera) from red sea gulls with new host-parasite records.knowledge about chewing lice from marine birds of the red sea is minimal. five species of gulls were examined for chewing lice in three different localities of the saudi arabian red sea coast. two gull species were examined for lice for the first time (larus armenicus buturlin, 1934 and larus michahellis naumann, 1840) and their lice represent new host-louse associations. four species and two subspecies of lice were identified from 159 specimens collected. actornithophilus piceus lari (packard, ...201424869888
circulation of a meaban-like virus in yellow-legged gulls and seabird ticks in the western mediterranean basin.in recent years, a number of zoonotic flaviviruses have emerged worldwide, and wild birds serve as their major reservoirs. epidemiological surveys of bird populations at various geographical scales can clarify key aspects of the eco-epidemiology of these viruses. in this study, we aimed at exploring the presence of flaviviruses in the western mediterranean by sampling breeding populations of the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), a widely distributed, anthropophilic, and abundant seabird sp ...201424625959
synanthropic birds and parasites.this paper describes the parasitologic findings for 60 synanthropic bird carcasses recovered in the campania region of southern italy. birds consisted of 20 yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis), 15 rock pigeons (columba livia), 15 common kestrels (falco tinnunculus), and 10 carrion crows (corvus corone). each carcass was examined to detect the presence of ectoparasites and then necropsied to detect helminths. ectoparasites occurred in 100% of the birds examined. in particular, chewing lice we ...201324597118
environmental and biological monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in waterbirds by non-invasive versus invasive sampling.three main groups of persistent organic pollutants (pops); namely organochlorine pesticides (ocps), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes) were quantified in water and sediment samples, as well as in various invasive and non-invasive samples from waterbirds in the büyük menderes river (bmr). liver and muscle tissues, blood, and preen gland oil samples of yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) and euroasian coot (fulica atra) were collected both from the origin ...201424503014
differential effects of specific carotenoids on oxidative damage and immune response of gull chicks.micronutrients are essential for normal metabolic processes during early development. specifically, it has been suggested that diet-derived carotenoids can play a key role in physiological functions because of their antioxidant and immunostimulant properties. however, their role as antioxidants remains controversial. additionally, it is also unclear whether oxidative stress mediates their immunostimulatory effects. in this field study, we separately supplemented yellow-legged gull (larus michahe ...201424363415
gull-derived trace elements trigger small-scale contamination in a remote mediterranean nature reserve.the role of a yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) small colony in conveying trace elements (as, cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, thg, v, zn) was assessed in a mediterranean nature reserve (marinello ponds) at various spatial and temporal scales. trace element concentrations in guano were high and seasonally variable. in contrast, contamination in the ponds was not influenced by season but showed strong spatial variability among ponds, according to the different guano input. biogenic enrichment factor b co ...201323870200
maternal testosterone influences a begging component that makes fathers work harder in chick provisioning.in species with biparental care, parents disagree evolutionarily over the amount of care that each of them is willing to provide to offspring. it has recently been hypothesised that females may try to manipulate their mates by modifying offspring begging behaviour through yolk hormone deposition, shifting the division of labour in their own favour. to test this hypothesis we first investigated how yellow-legged gull (larus michaellis) parents feed offspring in relation to each component of compl ...201323651611
trophic ecology of a resident yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) population in the bay of biscay.stable isotopes analyses (sias) are an efficient tool to obtain a general insight into the diet of generalist consumers, such as the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis). here we analysed δ(13)c, δ(15)n and δ(34)s values in feathers of chicks and adults, and used bayesian triple-isotope mixing models to reconstruct the diet of a yellow-legged gull population breeding in the southeastern bay of biscay. questions to test were (1) whether adults and chicks rely on different feeding resources duri ...201323541603
vitamins, stress and growth: the availability of antioxidants in early life influences the expression of cryptic genetic variation.environmental inputs during early development can shape the expression of phenotypes, which has long-lasting consequences in physiology and life history of an organism. here, we study whether experimentally manipulated availability of dietary antioxidants, vitamins c and e, influences the expression of genetic variance for antioxidant defence, endocrine signal and body mass in yellow-legged gull chicks using quantitative genetic models based on full siblings. our experimental study in a natural ...201323517061
avian influenza and animal health risk: conservation of endemic threatened wild birds in sardinia island.sardinia is a mediterranean island with a long geological history, leading to a separation process from continental europe during the miocene. as a consequence, in this insular habitat some wild bird species developed endemic forms, some of which are currently threatened. the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible animal health risk associated with a potential avian influenza virus (aiv) circulation in sardinian wild bird populations. overall, 147 cloacal swabs were sampled in the sardini ...201223402132
trophodynamics of inorganic pollutants in a wide-range feeder: the relevance of dietary inputs and biomagnification in the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis).the suitability of sentinel species to monitor environmental pollution is often hampered by an insufficient knowledge on pollutant trophodynamics. we simultaneously evaluated the influence of individuals' trophic position (as revealed by δ(15)n values) and dietary exploitation of particular systems (using δ(13)c and δ(34)s as proxies) on inorganic pollutant concentrations measured on fledglings' feathers of a wide-range feeder, the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis), sampled at four location ...201323064201
dechlorane plus in eggs of two gull species (larus michahellis and larus audouinii) from the southwestern mediterranean sea.dechlorane plus (dp) and some of its possible degradation products were measured in eggs from the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis) and audouin's gull (larus audouinii) from a protected area in the southwestern mediterranean sea. statistically significant differences were found between both gull species, with yellow-legged gull eggs showing the highest average total dp concentration (209 pg/g wet weight). according to stable nitrogen and carbon isotope values, variations in dp concentration ...201222899248
maternal antibody transmission in relation to mother fluctuating asymmetry in a long-lived colonial seabird: the yellow-legged gull larus michahellis.female birds transfer antibodies to their offspring via the egg yolk, thus possibly providing passive immunity against infectious diseases to which hatchlings may be exposed, thereby affecting their fitness. it is nonetheless unclear whether the amount of maternal antibodies transmitted into egg yolks varies with female quality and egg laying order. in this paper, we investigated the transfer of maternal antibodies against type a influenza viruses (anti-aiv antibodies) by a long-lived colonial s ...201222590497
persistent organic pollutants in gull eggs of two species (larus michahellis and larus audouinii) from the ebro delta natural park.the aim of this study was to determine the impact of priority and emerging persistent organic pollutants (pops) in gull eggs from two species, the scavenger larus michahellis and the protected species, larus audouinii. these two species share habitat in the natural park of the ebro delta (catalonia, spain). compounds studied are included or under consideration in the stockholm convention and comprise polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (pcdd/fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), ...201222564454
distribution of perfluorinated compounds in yellow-legged gull eggs (larus michahellis) from the iberian peninsula.this study is aimed to evaluate the presence and distribution of perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) in yellow-legged gull eggs (larus michahellis) collected from 8 national or natural parks from the iberian peninsula. in each colony, 12 eggs were randomly collected and pooled from 3 areas of the colony and analyzed using liquid-solid extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. perfluorooctanate sulfonate (pfos) was the only compound detected in the eggs and its presenc ...201222209369
maternal effects mediated by egg quality in the yellow-legged gull larus michahellis in relation to laying order and embryo sex.maternal effects mediated by egg size and quality may profoundly affect offspring development and performance, and mothers may adjust egg traits according to environmental or social influences. in avian species, context-dependency of maternal effects may result in variation in egg composition, as well as in differential patterns of covariation among selected egg components, according to, for example, position in the laying sequence or offspring sex. we investigated variation in major classes of ...201122011400
Prevalence of Influenza A Antibodies in Yellow-Legged Gull (Larus michahellis) Eggs and Adults in Southern Tunisia.Abstract Investigating the prevalence of anti-influenza A viruses (AIV) antibodies in wild birds can provide important information for the understanding of bird exposure to AIV, as well as for prevention purposes. We investigated AIV exposure in nature by measuring the prevalence of anti-AIV antibodies in the nests and adults of an abundant and anthropophilic waterbird species common around the Mediterranean sea, the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). Sampling took place in two colonies l ...201121919723
seabird feathers as monitors of the levels and persistence of heavy metal pollution after the prestige oil spill.we measured heavy metal concentrations in yellow-legged gulls (n = 196) and european shags (n = 189) in order to assess the temporal pattern of contaminant exposure following the prestige oil spill in november 2002. we analysed pb, cu, zn, cr, ni and v levels in chick feathers sampled at four colonies during seven post-spill years (2003-2009), and compared results with pre-spill levels obtained from feathers of juvenile shag corpses (grown in spring/summer 2002). following the prestige wreck, cu ...201121764195
tracing waterbird exposure to total mercury and selenium: a case study at the solar saltworks of thyna (sfax, tunisia).saltworks have emerged as important alternative/complementary feeding habitats for avifauna. however, the consequences of such habitat shifts in terms of changes in exposure to contaminants are poorly understood. we evaluated the exposure of the waterbird community breeding at the saltworks of thyna (tunisia) to total hg (thg) and se according to their differential use of saltworks dietary resources, as revealed by δ¹³c and δ¹⁵n values in their eggs (included species [n] -sorted according to inc ...201121663312
does breeding status influence haematology and blood biochemistry of yellow-legged gulls?we compared the haematological and biochemical values within a population of yellow-legged gulls (larus michahellis) in the chafarinas islands (northern africa), in non-breeding (february) and breeding (may) animals. we collected blood samples from 51 adults. we found that according to the haematological data, there was a significant variation in haemoglobin content, and a higher proportion of heterophils, thrombocytes, and haemoproteus infection in breeding individuals with a lower level in bas ...201021112831
yolk testosterone reduces oxidative damages during postnatal development.conditions experienced during early life can influence the development of an organism and several physiological traits, even in adulthood. an important factor is the level of oxidative stress experienced during early life. in birds, extra-genomic egg substances, such as the testosterone hormone, may exert a widespread influence over the offspring phenotype. interestingly, testosterone can also upregulate the bioavailability of certain antioxidants but simultaneously increases the susceptibility ...201120659922
little egret (egretta garzetta) as a bioindicator of trace element pollution in tunisian aquatic ecosystems.the little egret, egretta garzetta, has breeding colonies in the island of chikly (in the lake of tunis) and in thyna saltpans (in the gulf of gabès), two important tunisian wetlands that are strongly affected by anthropogenic activity. here, we used e. garzetta chick feathers for environmental monitoring of breeding grounds of this species. since trophic ecology is fundamental when interpreting contamination levels, our approach combined both trace-element (hg, pb, cd, and se) and stable-isotop ...201120571881
oil pollution increases plasma antioxidants but reduces coloration in a seabird.it has been suggested that condition-dependent signals may be a useful measure of environmental quality. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that oil pollution enhances oxidative stress and impairs expression of a carotenoid-based signal in a wild population of the yellow-legged gull (larus michahellis). during the courtship period, a group of gulls were fed a supplementary diet containing heavy fuel oil from the prestige oil spill and were compared with control gulls fed a similar supplemen ...201020532916
the young, the weak and the sick: evidence of natural selection by predation.it is assumed that predators mainly prey on substandard individuals, but even though some studies partially support this idea, evidence with large sample sizes, exhaustive analysis of prey and robust analysis is lacking. we gathered data from a culling program of yellow-legged gulls killed by two methods: by the use of raptors or by shooting at random. we compared both data sets to assess whether birds of prey killed randomly or by relying on specific individual features of the prey. we carried ...201020333305
erod activity and stable isotopes in seabirds to disentangle marine food web contamination after the prestige oil spill.in this study, we measured via surgical sampling hepatic erod activity in yellow-legged gulls from oiled and unoiled colonies, 17 months after the prestige oil spill. we also analyzed stable isotope composition in feathers of the biopsied gulls, in an attempt to monitor oil incorporation into marine food web. we found that yellow-legged gulls in oiled colonies were being exposed to remnant oil as shown by hepatic erod activity levels. erod activity was related to feeding habits of individual gul ...201020189696
heritability of resistance to oxidative stress in early life.oxidative stress has recently been suggested to play an important role in life-history evolution, but little is known about natural variation and heritability of this physiological trait. here, we explore phenotypic variation in resistance to oxidative stress of cross-fostered yellow-legged gull (larus cachinnans) chicks. resistance to oxidative stress was not related to plasma antioxidants at hatching, which are mostly derived from maternal investment into eggs. common environmental effects on ...201020149019
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