Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| evolutionary superscaffolding and chromosome anchoring to improve anopheles genome assemblies. | new sequencing technologies have lowered financial barriers to whole genome sequencing, but resulting assemblies are often fragmented and far from 'finished'. updating multi-scaffold drafts to chromosome-level status can be achieved through experimental mapping or re-sequencing efforts. avoiding the costs associated with such approaches, comparative genomic analysis of gene order conservation (synteny) to predict scaffold neighbours (adjacencies) offers a potentially useful complementary method ... | 2020 | 31898513 |
| protecting migratory farmers in rural tanzania using eave ribbons treated with the spatial mosquito repellent, transfluthrin. | many subsistence farmers in rural southeastern tanzania regularly relocate to distant farms in river valleys to tend to crops for several weeks or months each year. while there, they live in makeshift semi-open structures, usually far from organized health systems and where insecticide-treated nets (itns) do not provide adequate protection. this study evaluated the potential of a recently developed technology, eave ribbons treated with the spatial repellent transfluthrin, for protecting migrator ... | 2019 | 31823783 |
| vectorial transmission of malaria in major districts of côte d'ivoire. | to better understand the influence of periodic mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) on malaria transmission, a 1-yr entomological survey was conducted in three major districts of côte d'ivoire. mosquitoes were sampled by human landing catches (hlc) in urban and rural areas of san pedro and abidjan (coastal), and in yamoussoukro (central). mosquitoes were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (csp) indices were measu ... | 2019 | 31785095 |
| mosquitoes as a feasible sentinel group for anti-malarial resistance surveillance by next generation sequencing of plasmodium falciparum. | plasmodium falciparum drug resistance surveillance is key to successful disease control and eradication. contemporary methods that only allow determination of prevalence of resistance are expensive, time consuming and require ethical considerations. a newer method involving next generation sequencing (ngs) permits obtaining frequency of resistance while allowing to detect minority variants in mixed infections. here, ngs was tested for p. falciparum resistance marker detection in mosquito samples ... | 2019 | 31623623 |
| cis-regulatory cyp6p9b p450 variants associated with loss of insecticide-treated bed net efficacy against anopheles funestus. | elucidating the genetic basis of metabolic resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors is crucial to prolonging the effectiveness of insecticide-based control tools including long lasting insecticidal nets (llins). here, we show that cis-regulatory variants of the cytochrome p450 gene, cyp6p9b, are associated with pyrethroid resistance in the african malaria vector anopheles funestus. a dna-based assay is designed to track this resistance that occurs near fixation in southern africa but not in ... | 2019 | 31604938 |
| bio-efficacy and wash resistance of magnet long-lasting insecticidal net against wild populations of anopheles funestus in experimental huts in muheza, tanzania. | the decline in malaria cases and vectors is major milestone in fighting against malaria. the efficacy of magnet long-lasting insecticidal nets (magnet llin), an alpha-cypermethrin incorporated long-lasting net, with the target dose ± 25% of 5.8 g active ingredient (ai)/kg (4.35-7.25 g ai/kg) was evaluated in six veranda-trap experimental huts in muheza, tanzania against freely flying wild population of anopheles funestus. | 2019 | 31570107 |
| bacterial larvicides used for malaria vector control in sub-saharan africa: review of their effectiveness and operational feasibility. | several trials and reviews have outlined the potential role of larviciding for malaria control in sub-saharan africa (ssa) to supplement the core indoor insecticide-based interventions. it has been argued that widespread use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) interventions in many parts of africa result in many new areas with low and focal malaria transmission that can be targeted with larvicides. as some countries in ssa are making good progress ... | 2019 | 31470885 |
| using a miniaturized double-net trap (dn-mini) to assess relationships between indoor-outdoor biting preferences and physiological ages of two malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | effective malaria surveillance requires detailed assessments of mosquitoes biting indoors, where interventions such as insecticide-treated nets work best, and outdoors, where other interventions may be required. such assessments often involve volunteers exposing their legs to attract mosquitoes [i.e., human landing catches (hlc)], a procedure with significant safety and ethical concerns. here, an exposure-free, miniaturized, double-net trap (dn-mini) is used to assess relationships between indoo ... | 2019 | 31438957 |
| de novo profiling of rna viruses in anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes from forest ecological zones in senegal and cambodia. | mosquitoes are colonized by a large but mostly uncharacterized natural virome of rna viruses, and the composition and distribution of the natural rna virome may influence the biology and immunity of anopheles malaria vector populations. | 2019 | 31429704 |
| susceptibility testing of anopheles malaria vectors with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin; results from 16 african countries, in preparation for indoor residual spraying with new insecticide formulations. | in 2017, more than 5 million house structures were sprayed through the u.s. president's malaria initiative, protecting more than 21 million people in sub-saharan africa. new irs formulations, sumishield™ 50wg and fludora fusion™ wp-sb, became world health organization (who) prequalified vector control products in 2017 and 2018, respectively. both formulations contain the neonicotinoid active ingredient, clothianidin. the target site of neonicotinoids represents a novel mode of action for vector ... | 2019 | 31370898 |
| anopheles parensis contributes to residual malaria transmission in south africa. | understanding the contribution of outdoor-resting anopheles mosquitoes to residual malaria transmission is important in terms of scaling up vector control towards malaria elimination in south africa. the aim of this project was to assess the potential role of anopheles parensis and other anopheles species in residual malaria transmission, using sentinel surveillance sites in the umkhanyakude district of northern kwazulu-natal province. | 2019 | 31358015 |
| diagnostic dose determination and efficacy of chlorfenapyr and clothianidin insecticides against anopheles malaria vector populations of western kenya. | malaria vector control is dependent on chemical insecticides applied to walls by indoor residual spraying or on long-lasting insecticidal nets. the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors may compromise malaria control and elimination efforts. the aim of this study was to estimate a diagnostic dose for chlorfenapyr (class: pyrrole) and clothianidin (class: neonicotinoid) and assess the baseline susceptibility of three major anopheles malaria vectors of western ken ... | 2019 | 31315614 |
| analysis-ready datasets for insecticide resistance phenotype and genotype frequency in african malaria vectors. | the impact of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is poorly understood and quantified. here a series of geospatial datasets for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors are provided, so that trends in resistance in time and space can be quantified, and the impact of resistance found in wild populations on malaria transmission in africa can be assessed. specifically, data have been collated and geopositioned for the prevalence of insecticide resistance, as measured by standard bioassays, i ... | 2019 | 31308378 |
| a chromosome-scale assembly of the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | anopheles funestus is one of the 3 most consequential and widespread vectors of human malaria in tropical africa. however, the lack of a high-quality reference genome has hindered the association of phenotypic traits with their genetic basis in this important mosquito. | 2019 | 31157884 |
| indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide-treated nets. | insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are used to control malaria vectors. both strategies use insecticides to kill mosquitoes that bite and rest indoors. for itns, the world health organization (who) only recommended pyrethroids until 2018, but mosquito vectors are becoming resistant to this insecticide. for irs, a range of insecticides are recommended. adding irs to itns may improve control, simply because two interventions may be better than one; it may improve ma ... | 2019 | 31120132 |
| risk factors for household vector abundance using indoor cdc light traps in a high malaria transmission area of northern zambia. | malaria transmission is dependent on the density and distribution of mosquito vectors, but drivers of vector abundance have not been adequately studied across a range of transmission settings. to inform intervention strategies for high-burden areas, further investigation is needed to identify predictors of vector abundance. active household (hh) surveillance was conducted in nchelenge district, luapula province, northern zambia, a high-transmission setting with limited impact of malaria control. ... | 2019 | 31074411 |
| investigation of the influence of a glutathione s-transferase metabolic resistance to pyrethroids/ddt on mating competitiveness in males of the african malaria vector, anopheles funestus. | background: metabolic resistance is a serious challenge to current insecticide-based interventions. the extent to which it affects natural populations of mosquitoes including their reproduction ability remains uncharacterised. here, we investigated the potential impact of the glutathione s-transferase l119f-gste2 resistance on the mating competitiveness of male anopheles funestus, in cameroon. methods: swarms and indoor resting collections took place in march, 2018 in tibati, cameroon. who tube ... | 2019 | 31069259 |
| anopheline species composition and the 1014f-genotype in different ecological settings of burkina faso in relation to malaria transmission. | a three-year longitudinal study was conducted in four sentinel sites from different ecological settings in burkina faso, between 2008 and 2010 to identify longitudinal changes in insecticide resistance within anopheles gambiae complex species based on larval collection. during this study, adult mosquitoes were also collected indoor and outdoor using several methods of collection. the present study reports the diversity of malaria vectors and the 1014f-genotype from this adult collection and inve ... | 2019 | 31068189 |
| involvement of anopheles nili in plasmodium falciparum transmission in north benin. | several studies carried out in benin have shown the involvement of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the anopheles funestus group in malaria transmission, but none of them reported the contribution of the anopheles nili group to the transmission of this disease. the current study investigated the question through an entomological cross-sectional survey performed in northern benin. | 2019 | 31036025 |
| a marker of glutathione s-transferase-mediated resistance to insecticides is associated with higher plasmodium infection in the african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | metabolic resistance to insecticides is threatening malaria control in africa. however, the extent to which it impacts malaria transmission remains unclear. here, we investigated the association between a marker of glutathione s-transferase mediated metabolic resistance and plasmodium infection in field population of anopheles funestus s.s. in comparison to the a296s-rdl target site mutation. the 119f-gste2 resistant allele was present in southern (obout) (56%) and central (mibellon) (25%) regio ... | 2019 | 30962458 |
| escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus induces a loss of efficacy of piperonyl butoxide-based insecticide-treated nets in mozambique. | insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to insecticide-based interventions in africa. there is a fear that resistance escalation could jeopardize malaria control efforts. monitoring of cases of aggravation of resistance intensity and its impact on the efficacy of control tools is crucial to predict consequences of resistance. | 2019 | 30923819 |
| dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review. | malaria still claims substantial lives of individuals in tanzania. insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spray (irs) are used as major malaria vector control tools. these tools are facing great challenges from the rapid escalating insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations. this review presents the information on the dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in mainland tanzania since 1997. the information is important to policy-makers and other ... | 2019 | 30914051 |
| suppression of malaria vector densities and human infection prevalence associated with scale-up of mosquito-proofed housing in dar es salaam, tanzania: re-analysis of an observational series of parasitological and entomological surveys. | in the city of dar es salaam, tanzania, rapid and spontaneous scale-up of window screening occurred through purely horizontal commercial distribution systems without any public subsidies or promotion. scale-up of window screening coincided with a planned evaluation of programmatic, vertically managed scale-up of regular larvicide application as an intervention against malaria vectors and transmission. we aimed to establish whether scale-up of window screening was associated with suppression of m ... | 2019 | 30904112 |
| a cytochrome p450 allele confers pyrethroid resistance on a major african malaria vector, reducing insecticide-treated bednet efficacy. | metabolic resistance to insecticides such as pyrethroids in mosquito vectors threatens control of malaria in africa. unless it is managed, recent gains in reducing malaria transmission could be lost. to improve monitoring and assess the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria control interventions, we elucidated the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the major african malaria vector, anopheles funestus we showed that a single cytochrome p450 allele (cyp6p9a_r) in a. funestus reduced ... | 2019 | 30894503 |
| mosquito electrocuting traps for directly measuring biting rates and host-preferences of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus outdoors. | mosquito biting rates and host preferences are crucial determinants of human exposure to vector-borne diseases and the impact of vector control measures. the human landing catch (hlc) is a gold standard method for measuring human exposure to bites, but presents risks to participants by requiring some exposure to mosquito vectors. mosquito electrocuting traps (mets) represent an exposure-free alternative to hlcs for measuring human exposure to malaria vectors. however, original met prototypes wer ... | 2019 | 30885205 |
| overexpression of two members of d7 salivary genes family is associated with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus s.s. but not in anopheles gambiae in cameroon. | d7 family proteins are among the most expressed salivary proteins in mosquitoes. they facilitate blood meal intake of the mosquito by scavenging host amines that induce vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and pain. despite this important role, little information is available on the impact of insecticide resistance on the regulation of d7 proteins and consequently on the blood feeding success. in this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analyses were performed to inv ... | 2019 | 30871094 |
| exposure to the insecticide-treated bednet permanet 2.0 reduces the longevity of the wild african malaria vector anopheles funestus but gste2-resistant mosquitoes live longer. | despite the increased report of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors, its impact on mosquito's life-traits after exposure to insecticide-treated nets remains under investigated. here, we assessed the effects of exposure to permanet 2.0 on several life traits of an. gambiae s.l. and an. funestus s.l. field mosquitoes in cameroon. | 2019 | 30870507 |
| a previously unreported potential malaria vector in a dry ecology of kenya. | in kenya, malaria remains a major public health menace equally affecting the semi-arid to arid ecologies. however, entomologic knowledge of malaria vectors in such areas remains poor. | 2019 | 30744665 |
| swarms of the malaria vector anopheles funestus in tanzania. | anopheles funestus mosquitoes currently contribute more than 85% of ongoing malaria transmission events in south-eastern tanzania, even though they occur in lower densities than other vectors, such as anopheles arabiensis. unfortunately, the species ecology is minimally understood, partly because of difficulties in laboratory colonization. this study describes the first observations of an. funestus swarms in tanzania, possibly heralding new opportunities for control. | 2019 | 30696441 |
| population genetics of anopheles funestus, the african malaria vector, kenya. | anopheles funestus is among the major malaria vectors in kenya and sub-saharan africa and has been recently implicated in persistent malaria transmission. however, its ecology and genetic diversity remain poorly understood in kenya. | 2019 | 30621756 |
| fitness costs of the glutathione s-transferase epsilon 2 (l119f-gste2) mediated metabolic resistance to insecticides in the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | metabolic resistance to insecticides threatens malaria control. however, little is known about its fitness cost in field populations of malaria vectors, thus limiting the design of suitable resistance management strategies. here, we assessed the association between the glutathione s-transferase gste2-mediated metabolic resistance and life-traits of natural populations of anopheles funestus. a total of 1200 indoor resting blood-fed female an. funestus (f₀) were collected in mibellon, cameroon (20 ... | 2018 | 30572680 |
| using the human blood index to investigate host biting plasticity: a systematic review and meta-regression of the three major african malaria vectors. | the proportion of mosquito blood-meals that are of human origin, referred to as the 'human blood index' or hbi, is a key determinant of malaria transmission. | 2018 | 30563533 |
| first report of natural wolbachia infection in the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | natural infections of the endosymbiont bacteria wolbachia have recently been discovered in populations of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in burkina faso and mali, west africa. this anopheles specific strain wanga limits the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum infections in the mosquito, thus it offers novel opportunities for malaria control. | 2018 | 30545384 |
| piperonyl butoxide (pbo) combined with pyrethroids in insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria in africa. | public health strategies that target mosquito vectors, particularly pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), have been largely responsible for the substantial reduction in the number of people in africa developing malaria. the spread of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes threatens these impacts. one way to control insecticide-resistant populations is by using insecticide synergists. piperonyl butoxide (pbo) is a synergist that inhibits specific metabolic enzymes within mosq ... | 2018 | 30488945 |
| molecular basis of permethrin and ddt resistance in an anopheles funestus population from benin. | insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is threatening the success of malaria control programmes. in order to implement suitable insecticide resistance management strategies, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. to achieve this, the molecular basis of permethrin and ddt resistance in the principal malaria vector, anopheles funestus from inland benin (kpome), was investigated. | 2018 | 30458849 |
| exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in three major malaria vectors from bangui in central african republic. | malaria remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the central african republic. however, the main malaria vectors remain poorly characterised, preventing the design of suitable control strategies. here, we characterised the patterns and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in three important vectors from bangui. mosquitoes were collected indoors, using electrical aspirators in july 2016 in two neighborhoods at bangui. who bioassays performed, using f2 an. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), re ... | 2018 | 30433868 |
| evidence of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in anopheles funestus from tsararano, marovoay district, madagascar. | in madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins) and on indoor residual spraying (irs) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. we tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of anopheles funestus from tsararano, a malaria endemic village in the coastal health district of marovoay. | 2018 | 30402485 |
| first report of natural wolbachia infection in wild anopheles funestus population in senegal. | until very recently, anopheles were considered naturally unable to host wolbachia, an intracellular bacterium regarded as a potential biological control tool. their detection in field populations of anopheles gambiae sensu lato, suggests that they may also be present in many more anopheline species than previously thought. | 2018 | 30400987 |
| insights into malaria transmission among anopheles funestus mosquitoes, kenya. | most malaria vectors belong to species complexes. sibling species often exhibit divergent behaviors dictating the measures that can be deployed effectively in their control. despite the importance of the anopheles funestus complex in malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa, sibling species have rarely been identified in the past and their vectoring potential remains understudied. | 2018 | 30400976 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae from the northern democratic republic of congo, with extreme knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation frequencies revealed by a new diagnostic assay. | mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel at codon 1014 confer knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids in a wide range of insects. anopheles gambiae exhibits two mutant alleles at codon 1014, serine and phenylalanine; and both are now widespread across africa. existing screening methods only allow for one resistant allele to be detected per assay. a new locked nucleic acid (lna) qpcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of both mutant alleles and the wild type allele in a si ... | 2018 | 30400885 |
| 16s metagenomic comparison of plasmodium falciparum-infected and noninfected anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus microbiota from senegal. | in the context of the pre-elimination of malaria, biological control may provide an alternative or additional tool to current malaria control strategies. during their various stages of development, mosquitoes undergo subsequent changes in their associated microbiota, depending on their environment and nutritional status. although anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus are the two major malaria vectors in senegal, the composition of their microbiota is not yet well known. in this study, we ... | 2018 | 30350766 |
| eave ribbons treated with the spatial repellent, transfluthrin, can effectively protect against indoor-biting and outdoor-biting malaria mosquitoes. | long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying protect against indoor-biting and indoor-resting mosquitoes but are largely ineffective for early-biting and outdoor-biting malaria vectors. complementary tools are, therefore, needed to accelerate control efforts. this paper describes simple hessian ribbons treated with spatial repellents and wrapped around eaves of houses to prevent outdoor-biting and indoor-biting mosquitoes over long periods of time. | 2018 | 30333015 |
| dramatic decreases of malaria transmission intensities in ifakara, south-eastern tanzania since early 2000s. | ongoing epidemiological transitions across africa are particularly evident in fast-growing towns, such as ifakara in the kilombero valley, south-eastern tanzania. this town and its environs (population ~ 70,000) historically experienced moderate to high malaria transmission, mediated mostly by anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. in early 2000s, malaria transmission [plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (pfeir)] was estimated at ~ 30 infectious bites/person/year (ib/p/yr). t ... | 2018 | 30326881 |
| field evaluation of the bg-malaria trap for monitoring malaria vectors in rural tanzanian villages. | bg-malaria (bgm) trap is a simple adaptation of the widely-used bg-sentinel trap (bgs). it is proven to be highly effective for trapping the brazilian malaria vector, anopheles darlingi, in field conditions, and the african vector, anopheles arabiensis, under controlled semi-field environments, but has not been field-tested in africa. here, we validated the bgm for field sampling of malaria vectors in south-eastern tanzania. using a series of latin-square experiments conducted nightly (6pm-7am) ... | 2018 | 30296287 |
| experimental huts trial of the efficacy of pyrethroids/piperonyl butoxide (pbo) net treatments for controlling multi-resistant populations of anopheles funestus s.s. in kpomè, southern benin. | background: insecticides resistance in anopheles mosquitoes limits long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) used for malaria control in africa, especially benin. this study aimed to evaluate the bio-efficacy of current llins in an area where an. funestuss.l. and an. gambiae have developed multi-resistance to insecticides, and to assess in experimental huts the performance of a mixed combination of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide (pbo) treated nets on these resistant mosquitoes. methods: the stud ... | 2018 | 30175242 |
| bionomics and insecticides resistance profiling of malaria vectors at a selected site for experimental hut trials in central cameroon. | malaria vectors are increasingly developing resistance to insecticides across africa. the impact of such resistance on the continued effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions remains unclear due to poor characterization of vector populations. this study reports the characterization of malaria vectors at mibellon, a selected site in cameroon for experimental hut study, including species composition, plasmodium infection rate, resistance profiles and mechanisms. | 2018 | 30165863 |
| housing gaps, mosquitoes and public viewpoints: a mixed methods assessment of relationships between house characteristics, malaria vector biting risk and community perspectives in rural tanzania. | house improvement and environmental management can significantly improve malaria transmission control in endemic communities. this study assessed the influence of physical characteristics of houses and surrounding environments on mosquito biting risk in rural tanzanian villages, and examined knowledge and perceptions of residents on relationships between these factors and malaria transmission. the study further assessed whether people worried about these risks and how they coped. | 2018 | 30119666 |
| efficacy and persistence of long-lasting microbial larvicides against malaria vectors in western kenya highlands. | chemical-based malaria vector control interventions are threatened by the development of insecticide resistance and changes in the behavior of the vectors, and thus require the development of alternative control methods. bacterial-based larvicides have the potential to target both insecticide resistant and outdoor-biting mosquitoes and are safe to use in the environment. however, the currently available microbial larvicide formulations have a short duration of activity requiring frequent re-appl ... | 2018 | 30064498 |
| complete anopheles funestus mitogenomes reveal an ancient history of mitochondrial lineages and their distribution in southern and central africa. | anopheles funestus s.s. is a primary vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa. despite its important role in human plasmodium transmission, evolutionary history, genetic diversity, and population structure of an. funestus in southern and central africa remains understudied. we deep sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of an. funestus s.s. for the first time, providing a foundation for further genetic research of this important malaria vector species. we further an ... | 2018 | 29899497 |
| household-level and surrounding peri-domestic environmental characteristics associated with malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus along an urban-rural continuum in blantyre, malawi. | malaria is increasing in some recently urbanized areas that historically were considered lower risk. understanding what drives urban transmission is hampered by inconsistencies in how "urban" contexts are defined. a dichotomized "urban-rural" approach, based on political boundaries may misclassify environments or fail to capture local drivers of risk. small-scale agriculture in urban or peri-urban settings has been shown to be a major risk determinant. | 2018 | 29884176 |
| detection of anopheles rivulorum-like, a member of the anopheles funestus group, in south africa. | the anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and anopheles funestus s.l. species complexes contain the most important malaria vectors in africa. within the an. funestus group of at least 11 african species, the vector status of all but the nominal species an. funestus appears poorly investigated, although evidence exists that anopheles rivulorum and anopheles vaneedeni may play minor roles. a new species, an. rivulorum-like, was described from burkina faso in 2000 and subsequently also found in camer ... | 2018 | 29764433 |
| insecticide resistance status of the malaria mosquitoes: anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in eastern and northern uganda. | uganda's malaria burden includes the sixth highest number of annual deaths in africa (10,500) with approximately 16 million cases (2013) and the entire population at risk. the president's malaria initiative has been supporting the malaria control interventions of indoor residual spraying (irs) and distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) in uganda since 2007. these interventions are threatened by emerging and spreading insecticide resistance, known to exist in ugandan malaria vector ... | 2018 | 29625585 |
| the impact of temperature on insecticide toxicity against the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | it is anticipated that malaria elimination efforts in africa will be hampered by increasing resistance to the limited arsenal of insecticides approved for use in public health. however, insecticide susceptibility status of vector populations evaluated under standard insectary test conditions can give a false picture of the threat, as the thermal environment in which the insect and insecticide interact plays a significant role in insecticide toxicity. | 2018 | 29606123 |
| nationwide insecticide resistance status and biting behaviour of malaria vector species in the democratic republic of congo. | globally, the democratic republic of congo (drc) accounted for 9% of malaria cases and 10% of malaria deaths in 2015. as part of control efforts, more than 40 million long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) were distributed between 2008 and 2013, resulting in 70% of households owning one or more llins in 2014. to optimize vector control efforts, it is critical to monitor vector behaviour and insecticide resistance trends. entomological data was collected from eight sentinel sites throughout drc b ... | 2018 | 29580247 |
| the impact of periodic distribution campaigns of long-lasting insecticidal-treated bed nets on malaria vector dynamics and human exposure in dielmo, senegal. | the implementation of long-lasting insecticidal-treated bed nets (llins) has contributed to halving the mortality rate due to malaria since 2000 in sub-saharan africa. these tools are highly effective against indoor-feeding malaria vectors. thus, to achieve the world health assembly's new target to reduce the burden of malaria over the next 15 years by 90%, it is necessary to understand how the spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria vectors and human exposure to bites is modified in the context of s ... | 2018 | 29557325 |
| variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors. | background: mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. we investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. methods: mosquitoes were sampled indoors and outdoors weekly using ... | 2017 | 29552642 |
| reactive case detection of plasmodium falciparum in western kenya highlands: effective in identifying additional cases, yet limited effect on transmission. | identifying asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria parasites using index cases as entry points into the community is potentially a cost-effective way towards achieving malaria elimination. | 2018 | 29534709 |
| elevated plasmodium infection rates and high pyrethroid resistance in major malaria vectors in a forested area of cameroon highlight challenges of malaria control. | high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) is the cornerstone of the malaria control strategy of the national malaria control program (nmcp) in cameroon, with a target of reducing malaria transmission to less than 10% by 2035. to this end, more than 20 million llins have been distributed to populations countrywide since 2011. the present study evaluated entomological indices and anopheles susceptibility to pyrethroids in a rural forested area of south cameroon with high coverage of ... | 2018 | 29519247 |
| pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is exacerbated by overexpression and overactivity of the p450 cyp6aa1 across africa. | resistance to pyrethroids (the ingredients in bed net insecticides) in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is threatening recent gains in the fight against malaria. here, we established the role of an over-expressed p450, a. funestus cyp6aa1 in insecticides resistance. transcription profiling of cyp6aa1 across africa using microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) revealed that it is significantly more over-expressed in southern african populat ... | 2018 | 29498712 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of mosquitoes and risk of malaria infection in rwanda. | to date, the republic of rwanda has not systematically reported on distribution, diversity and malaria infectivity rate of mosquito species throughout the country. therefore, we assessed the spatial and temporal variation of mosquitoes in the domestic environment, as well as the nocturnal biting behavior and infection patterns of the main malaria vectors in rwanda. for this purpose, mosquitoes were collected monthly from 2010 to 2013 by human landing catches (hlc) and pyrethrum spray collections ... | 2018 | 29476726 |
| microdam impoundments provide suitable habitat for larvae of malaria vectors: an observational study in western kenya. | impoundments formed by microdams in rural areas of africa are important sources of water for people, but they provide potential larval habitats for anopheles (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes that are vectors of malaria. to study this association, the perimeters of 31 microdam impoundments in western kenya were sampled for anopheles larvae in three zones (patches of floating and emergent vegetation, shorelines of open water, and aggregations of cattle hoofprints) across dry and rainy seasons. of 3 ... | 2018 | 29462354 |
| water source most suitable for rearing a sensitive malaria vector, anopheles funestus in the laboratory. | background: the insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles funestus, one of the main malaria vectors in the afrotropical regions, remains under-studied due to the difficulty of working with this mosquito species. collecting their larvae in natural breeding sites, rearing and maintaining them in normal laboratory conditions have been a difficult task. forced-egg laying technique has been a very good tool to generate eggs from adult mosquitoes collected from the wild but rearing these eggs to ... | 2017 | 29387806 |
| molecular and physiological analysis of anopheles funestus swarms in nchelenge, zambia. | anopheles funestus has been recognized as a major malaria vector in africa for over 100 years, but knowledge on many aspects of the biology of this species is still lacking. anopheles funestus, as with most other anophelines, mate through swarming. a key event that is crucial for the an. funestus male to mate is genitalia rotation. this involves the 135° to 180° rotation of claspers, which are tipped with claws. this physical change then enables the male to grasp the female during copulation. th ... | 2018 | 29370805 |
| the importance of morphological identification of african anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for malaria control programmes. | the correct identification of disease vectors is the first step towards implementing an effective control programme. traditionally, for malaria control, this was based on the morphological differences observed in the adults and larvae between different mosquito species. however, the discovery of species complexes meant that genetic tools were needed to separate the sibling species and today there are standard molecular techniques that are used to identify the two major malaria vector groups of m ... | 2018 | 29357873 |
| spatial distribution and habitat characterization of mosquito species during the dry season along the mara river and its tributaries, in kenya and tanzania. | vector-borne diseases are increasingly becoming a major health problem among communities living along the major rivers of africa. although larger water bodies such as lakes and dams have been extensively researched, rivers and their tributaries have largely been ignored. this study sought to establish the spatial distribution of mosquito species during the dry season and further characterize their habitats along the mara river and its tributaries. | 2018 | 29343279 |
| status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in kwale county, coastal kenya. | the strategy for malaria vector control in the context of reducing malaria morbidity and mortality has been the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to universal coverage and indoor residual spraying. this has led to significant decline in malaria transmission. however, these vector control strategies rely on insecticides which are threatened by insecticide resistance. in this study the status of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and it's implication in malaria transmission at the k ... | 2018 | 29304805 |
| why some sites are responding better to anti-malarial interventions? a case study from western kenya. | in sub-saharan africa, malaria interventions over the last decades have been successful in reducing both mortality and morbidity. in western kenya however some areas experience contrasting outcomes of the ongoing interventions while the causes for this observation remains not yet clearly known. | 2017 | 29284476 |
| highly efficient site-specific mutagenesis in malaria mosquitoes using crispr. | anopheles mosquitoes transmit at least 200 million annual malaria infections worldwide. despite considerable genomic resources, mechanistic understanding of biological processes in anopheles has been hampered by a lack of tools for reverse genetics. here, we report successful application of the crispr/cas9 system for highly efficient, site-specific mutagenesis in the diverse malaria vectors anopheles albimanus, anopheles coluzzii, and anopheles funestus when guide rnas and cas9 protein are injec ... | 2017 | 29233915 |
| new evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | background: malaria mosquitoes form mating swarms around sunset, often at the same locations for months or years. unfortunately, studies of anopheles swarms are rare in east africa, the last recorded field observations in tanzania having been in 1983. methods: mosquito swarms were surveyed by trained volunteers between august-2016 and june-2017 in ulanga district, tanzania. identified anopheles swarms were sampled using sweep nets, and collected mosquitoes killed by refrigeration then identified ... | 2017 | 29184918 |
| rdl mutations predict multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles sinensis in guangxi, china. | anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in china. the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channel, encoded by the rdl (resistant to dieldrin) gene, is the important target for insecticides of widely varied structures. the use of various insecticides in agriculture and vector control has inevitably led to the development of insecticide resistance, which may reduce the control effectiveness. therefore, it is important to investigate the presence and distribution frequency of the ... | 2017 | 29183375 |
| malaria vectors in the democratic republic of the congo: the mechanisms that confer insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | the democratic republic of the congo (drc) is characterized as a holoendemic malaria area with the main vectors being anopheles funestus and members of the anopheles gambiae complex. due to political instability and socio-economic challenges in the region, knowledge of insecticide resistance status and resistance mechanisms in these vectors is limited. mosquitoes were collected from a mining site in the north-eastern part of the country and, following identification, were subjected to extensive ... | 2017 | 29115954 |
| indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission. | the widespread use of indoor-based malaria vector control interventions has been shown to alter the behaviour of vectors in africa. there is an increasing concern that such changes could sustain residual transmission. this study was conducted to assess vector species composition, feeding behaviour and their contribution to indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in western kenya. | 2017 | 29110670 |
| high plasmodium infection rate and reduced bed net efficacy in multiple insecticide-resistant malaria vectors in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | accounting for approximately 11% of all malaria cases, the democratic republic of the congo (drc) is central to malaria elimination efforts. to support vector control interventions in drc, we characterized the dynamics and impact of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors in 2015. high plasmodium infection rates were recorded in anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus, with plasmodium falciparum predominant over plasmodium malariae. both mosquito species exhibited high and multiple resi ... | 2018 | 29087484 |
| application of hydrolysis probe analysis to identify clade types of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles funestus sensu stricto from muheza, northeastern tanzania. | a hydrolysis probe analysis (taqman assay) was used to study clade types in anopheles funestus sensu stricto giles, a major malaria vector in sub-saharan africa, with specimens collected from muheza in tanga, northeastern tanzania. a total of 186 an. funestus specimens were analysed, revealing that 176 (94.6%) were of clade i and 10 (5.4%) of clade ii. these findings extend the distribution of clade type ii from southern mozambique and northern zambia to northeastern tanzania. the technique used ... | 2017 | 29068089 |
| anopheles funestus and costalis in duars. | 1901 | 29004192 | |
| population dynamics and plasmodium falciparum (haemosporida: plasmodiidae) infectivity rates for the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) at mamfene, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | anopheles arabiensis (patton; diptera: culicidae) is a major malaria vector in the southern african region. in south africa, effective control of this species using indoor-based interventions is reduced owing to its tendency to rest outdoors. as south africa moves towards malaria elimination there is a need for complementary vector control strategies. one of the methods under consideration is the use of the sterile insect technique (sit). key to the successful implementation of an sit programme ... | 2017 | 28968846 |
| composition of anopheles mosquitoes, their blood-meal hosts, and plasmodium falciparum infection rates in three islands with disparate bed net coverage in lake victoria, kenya. | small islands serve as potential malaria reservoirs through which new infections might come to the mainland and may be important targets in malaria elimination efforts. this study investigated malaria vector species diversity, blood-meal hosts, plasmodium infection rates, and long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) coverage on mageta, magare and ngodhe islands of lake victoria in western kenya, a region where extensive vector control is implemented on the mainland. | 2017 | 28886724 |
| 2-butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the afrotropical malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (co2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. however, the use of co2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. | 2017 | 28836977 |
| insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae (s.l.), an. funestus and an. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of madagascar. | insecticide-based vector control, which comprises use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs), is the key method to malaria control in madagascar. however, its effectiveness is threatened as vectors become resistant to insecticides. this study investigated the resistance status of malaria vectors in madagascar to various insecticides recommended for use in itns and/or irs. | 2017 | 28835269 |
| chromosome arm-specific patterns of polymorphism associated with chromosomal inversions in the major african malaria vector, anopheles funestus. | chromosomal inversions facilitate local adaptation of beneficial mutations and modulate genetic polymorphism, but the extent of their effects within the genome is still insufficiently understood. the genome of anopheles funestus, a malaria mosquito endemic to sub-saharan africa, contains an impressive number of paracentric polymorphic inversions, which are unevenly distributed among chromosomes and provide an excellent framework for investigating the genomic impacts of chromosomal rearrangements ... | 2017 | 28833796 |
| o'nyong-nyong fever: a neglected mosquito-borne viral disease. | o'nyong nyong virus (onnv), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is primarily transmitted through the bite of anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which are also malaria parasite vectors in africa. the virus, first isolated in uganda in 1959, is endemic in sub-saharan africa and has caused several major outbreaks both in west and east africa. onnv fever, characterized by severe arthralgia, is similar to chikungunya fever, with the exception of cervical lymphadenitis, which is peculiar to ... | 2017 | 28829253 |
| investigating knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism against pyrethroids/ddt in the malaria vector anopheles funestus across africa. | understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance is key to improve the surveillance and monitoring of malaria vector populations under control. in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus, little is currently known about the role of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism. here, we investigated the presence and contribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids/ddt resistance observed in anopheles funestus across africa. | 2017 | 28793859 |
| explaining variation in adult anopheles indoor resting abundance: the relative effects of larval habitat proximity and insecticide-treated bed net use. | spatial determinants of malaria risk within communities are associated with heterogeneity of exposure to vector mosquitoes. the abundance of adult malaria vectors inside people's houses, where most transmission takes place, should be associated with several factors: proximity of houses to larval habitats, structural characteristics of houses, indoor use of vector control tools containing insecticides, and human behavioural and environmental factors in and near houses. while most previous studies ... | 2017 | 28716087 |
| community perceptions on outdoor malaria transmission in kilombero valley, southern tanzania. | the extensive use of indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) in africa has contributed to a significant reduction in malaria transmission. even so, residual malaria transmission persists in many regions, partly driven by mosquitoes that bite people outdoors. in areas where anopheles gambiae s.s. is a dominant vector, most interventions target the reduction of indoor transmission. the increased use of itns/llins and irs has led to the decline of this species. as a resul ... | 2017 | 28676051 |
| interventions that effectively target anopheles funestus mosquitoes could significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern tanzania. | malaria is transmitted by many anopheles species whose proportionate contributions vary across settings. we re-assessed the roles of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus, and examined potential benefits of species-specific interventions in an area in south-eastern tanzania, where malaria transmission persists, four years after mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins). monthly mosquito sampling was done in randomly selected households in three villages using cdc l ... | 2017 | 28542335 |
| genome-wide transcription and functional analyses reveal heterogeneous molecular mechanisms driving pyrethroids resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus across africa. | pyrethroid resistance in malaria vector, an. funestus is increasingly reported across africa, threatening the sustainability of pyrethroid-based control interventions, including long lasting insecticidal nets (llins). managing this problem requires understanding of the molecular basis of the resistance from different regions of the continent, to establish whether it is being driven by a single or independent selective events. here, using a genome-wide transcription profiling of pyrethroid resist ... | 2017 | 28428243 |
| benchmarking insecticide resistance intensity bioassays for anopheles malaria vector species against resistance phenotypes of known epidemiological significance. | insecticide use via indoor residual spraying (irs) or treated nets is the primary method for controlling malaria vector populations. the incidence of insecticide resistance in vector populations is burgeoning globally making resistance management key to the design of effective malaria control and elimination strategies. vector populations can be assessed for insecticide resistance using a binary (susceptible or resistant) classification based on the use of the standard who insecticide susceptibi ... | 2017 | 28427447 |
| transposable elements in the anopheles funestus transcriptome. | transposable elements (tes) are present in most of the eukaryotic genomes and their impact on genome evolution is increasingly recognized. although there is extensive information on the tes present in several eukaryotic genomes, less is known about the expression of these elements at the transcriptome level. here we present a detailed analysis regarding the expression of tes in anopheles funestus, the second most important vector of human malaria in africa. several transcriptionally active te fa ... | 2017 | 28424974 |
| control of malaria vector mosquitoes by insecticide-treated combinations of window screens and eave baffles. | we assessed window screens and eave baffles (wsebs), which enable mosquitoes to enter but not exit houses, as an alternative to indoor residual spraying (irs) for malaria vector control. wsebs treated with water, the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin, or the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl, with and without a binding agent for increasing insecticide persistence on netting, were compared with irs in experimental huts. compared with irs containing the same insecticide, wsebs killed similar proportio ... | 2017 | 28418299 |
| some like it hot: a differential response to changing temperatures by the malaria vectors anopheles funestus and an. gambiae s.l. | with the possible implications of global warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in africa has become a subject of increasing interest. information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. we describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics of an. funestus and an. gambiae s.l., collected from a single village in southern mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6 °c in the cool season to a daytime maxi ... | 2017 | 28367367 |
| risk factors for anopheles mosquitoes in rural and urban areas of blantyre district, southern malawi. | although urban malaria transmission is low and seasonal, it remains a major public health problem. this study aimed at demonstrating the presence of anopheles mosquitoes and their potential to transmit malaria in urban settings. | 2016 | 28321278 |
| preliminary survey on anopheles species distribution in botswana shows the presence of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus complexes. | botswana is one of the four front line malaria elimination countries in southern africa, with malaria control activities that include routine vector control. past and recent studies have shown that anopheles arabiensis is the only known vector of plasmodium parasites in the country. this report presents a preliminary evaluation on anopheles species composition in seven districts of botswana with some inferences on their vectorial role. | 2017 | 28270213 |
| a new malaria vector mosquito in south africa. | south africa aims to eliminate malaria within its borders by 2018. despite well-coordinated provincial vector control programmes that are based on indoor residual insecticide spraying, low-level residual malaria transmission continues in the low-altitude border regions of the north-eastern sector of the country. in order to identify the underlying causes of residual transmission, an enhanced vector surveillance system has been implemented at selected sites in the mpumalanga and kwazulu-natal (kz ... | 2017 | 28262811 |
| malaria impact of large dams at different eco-epidemiological settings in ethiopia. | dams are important to ensure food security and promote economic development in sub-saharan africa. however, a poor understanding of the negative public health consequences from issues such as malaria could affect their intended advantages. this study aims to compare the malaria situation across elevation and proximity to dams. such information may contribute to better understand how dams affect malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings. | 2017 | 28250711 |
| geographical distributions of african malaria vector sibling species and evidence for insecticide resistance. | many of the mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission belong to a sibling complex; a taxonomic group of morphologically identical, closely related species. sibling species often differ in several important factors that have the potential to impact malaria control, including their geographical distribution, resistance to insecticides, biting and resting locations, and host preference. the aim of this study was to define the geographical distributions of dominant malaria vector sibling ... | 2017 | 28219387 |
| experimental hut evaluation of a novel long-lasting non-pyrethroid durable wall lining for control of pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in tanzania. | a novel, insecticide-treated, durable wall lining (itwl), which mimics indoor residual spraying (irs), has been developed to provide prolonged vector control when fixed to the inner walls of houses. permanet(®) itwl is a polypropylene material containing non-pyrethroids (abamectin and fenpyroximate) which migrate gradually to the surface. | 2017 | 28212636 |
| mapping the distribution of anopheles funestus across benin highlights a sharp contrast of susceptibility to insecticides and infection rate to plasmodium between southern and northern populations. | background. malaria remains an important public health issue in benin, with anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus s.s being the predominant vectors. this study was designed to generate information on an. funestus distribution, molecular speciation, plasmodium infection rate and insecticide susceptibility status across benin. methods. mosquito samples were collected from december 2014 to january 2016 in 46 localities in benin. these samples were mapped and an. funestus collected were spec ... | 2016 | 28191507 |
| genomic footprints of selective sweeps from metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in african malaria vectors are driven by scale up of insecticide-based vector control. | insecticide resistance in mosquito populations threatens recent successes in malaria prevention. elucidating patterns of genetic structure in malaria vectors to predict the speed and direction of the spread of resistance is essential to get ahead of the 'resistance curve' and to avert a public health catastrophe. here, applying a combination of microsatellite analysis, whole genome sequencing and targeted sequencing of a resistance locus, we elucidated the continent-wide population structure of ... | 2017 | 28151952 |
| beyond the entomological inoculation rate: characterizing multiple blood feeding behavior and plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection in anopheles mosquitoes in northern zambia. | a commonly used measure of malaria transmission intensity is the entomological inoculation rate (eir), defined as the product of the human biting rate (hbr) and sporozoite infection rate (sir). the eir excludes molecular parameters that may influence vector control and surveillance strategies. the purpose of this study was to investigate anopheles multiple blood feeding behavior (mbf) and plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection (moi) within the mosquito host in nchelenge district, northe ... | 2017 | 28122597 |
| diversity in breeding sites and distribution of anopheles mosquitoes in selected urban areas of southern ghana. | anopheles vectors of malaria are supposedly less common in urban areas as a result of pollution, but there is increasing evidence of their adaptation to organically polluted water bodies. this study characterized the breeding habitats of anopheles mosquitoes in the two major urban areas in southern ghana; accra (ama) and sekondi-takoradi (stma) metropolitan areas, during dry and wet seasons. | 2017 | 28086941 |