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resveratrol and pterostilbene inhibit sars-cov-2 replication in air-liquid interface cultured human primary bronchial epithelial cells.the current covid-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and has an enormous impact on human health and economy. in search for therapeutic options, researchers have proposed resveratrol, a food supplement with known antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties as an advantageous antiviral therapy for sars-cov-2 infection. here, we provide evidence that both resveratrol and its metabolically more stable structural analog, pterostilbene, e ...202134372541
previously published ethno-pharmacological reports reveal the potentiality of plants and plant-derived products used as traditional home remedies by bangladeshi covid-19 patients to combat sars-cov-2.several plants have traditionally been used since antiquity to treat various gastroenteritis and respiratory symptoms similar to covid-19 outcomes. the common symptoms of covid-19 include fever or chills, cold, cough, flu, headache, diarrhoea, tiredness/fatigue, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, asthma, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, etc. this study aims to find out the plants and plant-derived products which are being used by the covid-19 infected patients in bangladesh and ho ...202134305428
treatment with dry hydrogen peroxide accelerates the decay of severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 on non-porous hard surfaces.disinfection of contaminated or potentially contaminated surfaces has become an integral part of the mitigation strategies for controlling coronavirus disease 2019. whilst a broad range of disinfectants are effective in inactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), application of disinfectants has a low throughput in areas that receive treatments. disinfection of large surface areas often involves the use of reactive microbiocidal materials, including ultraviolet ger ...202134273464
cd32+cd4+ t cells sharing b cell properties increase with simian immunodeficiency virus replication in lymphoid tissues.cd4 t cell responses constitute an important component of adaptive immunity and are critical regulators of anti-microbial protection. cd4+ t cells expressing cd32a have been identified as a target for hiv. cd32a is an fcγ receptor known to be expressed on myeloid cells, granulocytes, b cells and nk cells. little is known about the biology of cd32+cd4+ t cells. our goal was to understand the dynamics of cd32+cd4+ t cells in tissues. we analyzed these cells in the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, ileum ...202134220857
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces vero cell apoptosis via the p53-puma signaling pathway.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the causative agent of swine epidemic diarrhea. in order to study the pathogenic mechanism of pedv, pedv was inoculated into vero cells cultured in vitro, and the total rna of vero cells was extracted to construct a library for illumina high-throughput sequencing and screening of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05). five differentially expressed genes for qrt-pcr verification analysis were randomly selected, and the verification results were consis ...202134202551
sendai virus-vectored vaccines that express envelope glycoproteins of respiratory viruses.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are leading causes of respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and individuals of all ages with immunosuppression. vaccination strategies against these pneumoviruses and paramyxoviruses are vast in number, yet no licensed vaccines are available. here, we review development of sendai virus (sev), a versatile pediatric vaccine that can (a) serve as a jennerian vaccine against ...202134072332
infection, dissemination, and transmission efficiencies of zika virus in aedes aegypti after serial passage in mosquito or mammalian cell lines or alternating passage in both cell types.zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) with an urban transmission cycle that primarily involves humans and aedes aegypti. evidence suggests that the evolution of some arboviruses is constrained by their dependency on alternating between disparate (vertebrate and invertebrate) hosts. the goals of this study are to compare the genetic changes that occur in zikv after serial passaging in mosquito or vertebrate cell lines or alternate passaging in both cell types and to compare th ...202134006306
in vitro activity of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon against sars-cov-2 virus.the pandemic spread of a new coronavirus infection, covid-19, has caused a global emergency and attracted the attention of public health professionals and the population of all countries. a significant increase in the number of new cases of sars-cov-2 infection demonstrates the urgency of finding drugs effective against this pathogen.the aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antiviral efficacy of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon (ifn-α2b) against sars-cov-2 virus.202133993682
characterization of the sars-cov-2 neutralization potential of covid-19-convalescent donors.the current sars-cov-2 pandemic has triggered the development of various sars-cov-2 neutralization tests. a wild-type virus (using african green monkey veroe6 cells), a pseudovirus (using human caco-2 cells), and a surrogate neutralization test platform were applied to characterize the sars-cov-2 neutralization potential of a cohort of 111 convalescent plasma donors over a period of seven months after diagnosis. this allowed an in-depth validation and assay performance analysis of these platform ...202133980583
development and characterization of a cdna-launch recombinant simian hemorrhagic fever virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein: orf 2b' is not required for in vitro virus replication.simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) causes acute, lethal disease in macaques. we developed a single-plasmid cdna-launch infectious clone of shfv (rshfv) and modified the clone to rescue an enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing rshfv-egfp that can be used for rapid and quantitative detection of infection. shfv has a narrow cell tropism in vitro, with only the grivet ma-104 cell line and a few other grivet cell lines being susceptible to virion entry and permissive to infection. using rs ...202133917085
animal models of covid-19 ii. comparative immunology.developing strong animal models is essential for furthering our understanding of how the immune system functions in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. the alarming speed at which sars-cov-2 has spread, and the high mortality rate of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), has required both basic science and clinical research to move at an unprecedented pace. models previously developed to study the immune response against sars-cov have been ra ...202133914873
overcoming culture restriction for sars-cov-2 in human cells facilitates the screening of compounds inhibiting viral replication.efforts to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic include the screening of existing antiviral molecules that could be repurposed to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infections. although sars-cov-2 replicates and propagates efficiently in african green monkey kidney (vero) cells, antivirals such as nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) often show decreased activity in these cells due to inefficient metabolization. sars-cov-2 exhibits low viability in hu ...202133903110
role of nkg2a/c+cd8+ t cells in pathogenic versus non-pathogenic siv infections.some viruses have established an equilibrium with their host. african green monkeys (agm) display persistent high viral replication in the blood and intestine during simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection but resolve systemic inflammation after acute infection and lack intestinal immune or tissue damage during chronic infection. we show that nkg2a/c+cd8+ t cells increase in the blood and intestine of agm in response to sivagm infection in contrast to sivmac infection in macaques, the latt ...202133870131
detection and quantification of african swine fever virus in ma-104 cells.detection of live african swine fever virus (asfv) has historically relied on the use of primary swine macrophages (psm). psm do not replicate and have to be isolated fresh from donor swine. we previously identified that a ma-104 cells (atcc #crl-2378.1), a commercially available cell line isolated from african green monkey ( cercopithecus aethiops ) kidney epithelial cells, supports the detection of asfv from field samples with a sensitivity comparable to that of primary swine macrophages. coll ...202133855107
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase iii clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sars-cov-2 vaccine (inactivated, vero cell): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.the primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of an inactivated and aluminium hydroxide adsorbed sars-cov-2 vaccine (sinovac, china) in voluntary participants after 14 days of the second dose against rt-pcr confirmed symptomatic covid-19 cases. the secondary objectives include evaluating the efficacy after at least one dose of the vaccine against rt-pcr confirmed symptomatic covid-19 cases; the efficacy of two doses of the vaccine on the rates of hospitalization and death; the safety of the ...202133849629
animal models of covid-19. i. comparative virology and disease pathogenesis.the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has fueled unprecedented development of animal models to understand disease pathogenesis, test therapeutics, and support vaccine development. models previously developed to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) have been rapidly deployed to study sars-cov-2. however, it has become clear that despite the common use of ace2 as a receptor for both viruses, the host range of the 2 viruses does not entirely overlap. distinct ac ...202133836527
prodrugs of a 1'-cn-4-aza-7,9-dideazaadenosine c-nucleoside leading to the discovery of remdesivir (gs-5734) as a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus with efficacy in the african green monkey model of rsv.a discovery program targeting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) identified c-nucleoside 4 (rsv a2 ec50 = 530 nm) as a phenotypic screening lead targeting the rsv rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). prodrug exploration resulted in the discovery of remdesivir (1, gs-5734) that is >30-fold more potent than 4 against rsv in hep-2 and nhbe cells. metabolism studies in vitro confirmed the rapid formation of the active triphosphate metabolite, 1-ntp, and in vivo studies in cynomolgus and african green ...202133835812
use of convalescent serum reduces severity of covid-19 in nonhuman primates.passive transfer of convalescent plasma or serum is a time-honored strategy for treating infectious diseases. human convalescent plasma containing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is currently being used to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 where clinical efficacy trials are ongoing. here, we assess therapeutic passive transfer in groups of sars-cov-2-infected african green monkeys with convalescent sera containing either high or low anti ...202133662255
dengue, yellow fever, zika and chikungunya epidemic arboviruses in brazil: ultrastructural aspects.the impact of arbovirus cocirculation in brazil is unknown. dengue virus (denv) reinfection may result in more intense viraemia or immunopathology, leading to more severe disease. the zika virus (zikv) epidemic in the americas provided pathogenicity evidence that had not been previously observed in flavivirus infections. in contrast to other flaviviruses, electron microscopy studies have shown that zikv may replicate in viroplasm-like structures. flaviviruses produce an ensemble of structurally ...202133566939
development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure.airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with sars-cov-2. aside from african green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of sars-cov-2 have not been investigated. a comparative evaluation of covid-19 in african green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to sars-cov-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations betw ...202133529233
development of a simian rna polymerase i promoter-driven reverse genetics for the rescue of recombinant rift valley fever virus from vero cells.rift valley fever (rvf), which has been designated as a priority disease by the world health organization (who), is one of the most pathogenic zoonotic diseases endemic to africa and the arabian peninsula. human vaccine preparation requires the use of appropriate cell substrates to support efficient production of seed vaccine with minimum concerns of tumorigenicity, oncogenicity, or adventitious agents. vero cells, which were derived from the african green monkey kidney, represent one of the few ...202133441343
single-cell rna sequencing reveals sars-cov-2 infection dynamics in lungs of african green monkeys.detailed knowledge about the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is important for uncovering the viral and host factors that contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pathogenesis. old-world nonhuman primates recapitulate mild to moderate cases of covid-19, thereby serving as important pathogenesis models. we compared african green monkeys inoculated with infectious sars-cov-2 or irradiated, inactivated virus to study the dynamics of virus r ...202133431511
dna methylation changes in metabolic and immune-regulatory pathways in blood and lymph node cd4 + t cells in response to siv infections.the molecular mechanisms underlying hiv-induced inflammation, which persists even during effective long-term treatment, remain incompletely defined. here, we studied pathogenic and nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections in macaques and african green monkeys, respectively. we longitudinally analyzed genome-wide dna methylation changes in cd4 + t cells from lymph node and blood, using arrays. dna methylation changes after siv infection were more pronounced in lymph nodes than ...202033298174
susceptibility of immortalized porcine kidney macrophages to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 infection.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) displays restricted tropism to porcine alveolar macrophages in nature. meanwhile, non-porcine cell lines derived from african green monkey kidney cell lines are permissive to prrsv, resulting in their widespread use in prrsv research. furthermore, genetically modified cell lines expressing receptors targeted by prrsv have been established. we previously established porcine immortalized kidney-derived macrophages (ipkms) that maintained ...202033238183
establishment of an african green monkey model for covid-19 and protection against re-infection.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of covid-19. animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of covid-19 and to screen vaccines and treatments. we show that african green monkeys (agms) support robust sars-cov-2 replication and develop pronounced respiratory disease, which may more accurately reflect human covid-19 cases than other nonhuman primate species. sars-cov-2 was detected in mucosal samples, inc ...202033235385
biological characteristics and patterns of codon usage evolution for the african genotype zika virus.we investigated temporal trends of codon usage changes for different host species to determine their importance in zika virus (zikv) evolution. viral spillover resulting from the potential of codon adaptation to host genome was also assessed for the african genotype zikv in comparison to the asian genotype. to improve our understanding on its zoonotic maintenance, we evaluated in vitro the biological properties of the african genotype zikv in vertebrate and mosquito cell lines. analyses were per ...202033202554
ifitms of african green monkey can inhibit replication of sftsv but not mnv in vitro.interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (ifitms) are transmembrane proteins induced by interferon that can provide broad-spectrum antiviral activities. however, there are few reports on the antiviral activity of monkey-derived ifitms. in this study, the ifitm1 and ifitm3 genes of african green monkey (agm) were cloned and overexpressed in vero cells, followed by infection with mouse norovirus (mnv) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv). the results showed that monkey if ...202033185509
acute respiratory distress in aged, sars-cov-2 infected african green monkeys but not rhesus macaques.sars-cov-2 induces a wide range of disease severity ranging from asymptomatic infection, to a life-threating illness, particularly in the elderly and persons with comorbid conditions. among those persons with serious covid-19 disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a common and often fatal presentation. animal models of sars-cov-2 infection that manifest severe disease are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of covid-19 induced ards and evaluate therapeutic strategies. here we ...202033171111
synthesis of novel cyanine dyes as antitumor agents.in this study, some novel cyanine dyes, 1, 3, and 5-15, were synthesized by a one-pot step reaction of pyridinium salts 2 and/or 4 with benzenaminium salt 1. n-{[1-chloro-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)methylene]benzenaminium} chloride 1 was obtained by the reaction of α-tetralone with vilsmeier-haack reagent, followed by a mixture of an equimolar ratio of anilin/ethanol (1:1). all new cyanine dyes were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activity against two cell lines, that is, hepg2 (human he ...202033169870
evaluation of host systems for efficient isolation and propagation of duck tembusu virus.several phylogenetic clusters of duck tembusu virus (dtmuv) that caused outbreaks in ducks in asia have been identified since its emergence in 2010, highlighting the need for an efficient host system that can support isolation of all circulating phylogenetic clusters of dtmuv. in this study, various host systems including different avian embryonated eggs (duck and chicken) and cell cultures (primary duck embryo fibroblast (def), primary chicken embryo fibroblast (cef), baby hamster kidney (bhk-2 ...202033146547
characterization of a novel peptide from pathogenic leptospira and its cytotoxic effect.leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospira species. virulence proteins have been shown to be key determinants of the pathogenesis of pathogenic leptospira. a specific peptide at a mass-to-charge ratio of 7000 da was identified in leptospira whole cells using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry. this peptide was specifically present in pathogenic leptospira and in clinical isolates. we report here the charact ...202033142957
no evidence for sylvatic cycles of chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses in african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on st. kitts, west indies.dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses (denv, chikv and zikv) are transmitted in sylvatic transmission cycles between non-human primates and forest (sylvan) mosquitoes in africa and asia. it remains unclear if sylvatic cycles exist or could establish themselves elsewhere and contribute to the epidemiology of these diseases. the caribbean island of st. kitts has a large african green monkey (agm) (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) population and is therefore ideally suited to investigate sylvatic cycle ...202033126907
a parainfluenza virus vector expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prefusion f protein is more effective than rsv for boosting a primary immunization with rsv.live-attenuated pediatric vaccines for intranasal administration are being developed for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important worldwide pediatric respiratory pathogen that lacks a licensed vaccine or suitable antiviral drug. we evaluated a prime-boost strategy in which primary immunization with rsv was boosted by secondary immunization with rsv or with a chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rb/hpiv3) vector expressing the rsv fusion f protein. the vector-expressed f ...202033115876
phytochemical screening, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, and anti-quorum-sensing properties of teucrium polium l. aerial parts methanolic extract.the chemical profile of teucrium polium l. (t. polium) methanolic extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (hr-lcms). disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antimicrobial activities. coxsackievirus b-3 (cvb3) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) were used for the antiviral activities. chromobacterium violaceum (atcc 12472 and cv026) and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 were used as starter strains for the anti-quorum sensing t ...202033114026
the protein translocation defect of mct8l291r is rescued by sodium phenylbutyrate.the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (mct8; slc16a2) is a specific transporter for thyroid hormones. mct8 deficiency, formerly known as the allan-herndon-dudley syndrome, is a rare genetic disease that leads to neurological impairments and muscle weakness. current experimental treatment options rely on thyromimetic agonists that do not depend on mct8 for cellular uptake. another approach comes from studies with the chemical chaperone sodium phenylbutyrate (napb), which was able to stabilize mct8 mu ...202033088796
the influence of tobacco smoke/nicotine on cyp2a expression in human and african green monkey lungs.cyp2a enzymes metabolically inactivate nicotine and activate tobacco-derived procarcinogens [e.g., 4-[methylnitrosamino]-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]. smoking decreases nicotine clearance, and chronic nicotine reduces hepatic cyp2a activity. however, little is known about the impact of smoking or nicotine on the expression of cyp2a in the lung. we investigated 1) the levels of human lung cyp2a mrna in smokers versus nonsmokers and 2) the impact of daily nicotine treatment on lung cyp2a protein leve ...202033055223
cytotoxic effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the mammalian cell lines.aminoglycoside antibiotics have been used for treating serious but also routine infections in veterinary and human medicine for many years. the basic aim of this work is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of dihydrostreptomycin and neomycin in vitro on three cell cultures - bhk-21 (syrian golden hamster kidney fibroblast), vero (african green monkey kidney fibroblast) and fea (feline embryonic fibroblast) cells. the morphological changes were examined by giemsa staining. cells were dried and visualize ...202033040680
non-human primate determinants of natural killer cells in tissues at steady-state and during simian immunodeficiency virus infection.natural killer (nk) cells play essential roles in immunity to viruses and tumors. their function is genetically determined but also modulated by environmental factors. the distribution and functional regulation of these cells vary depending on the tissue. nk cell behavior in lymphoid tissues is so far understudied. non-human primate (nhp) models are essential for the development of therapies and vaccines against human diseases, and access to nhp tissues allows insights into spatial regulations o ...202033013901
diversity of medium and large mammals in the loka abaya national park, southern ethiopia.we evaluated the richness, diversity, and composition of the medium and large mammal community in the loka abaya national park (lanp), southern ethiopia, and how these parameters differ among four habitat types: wooded grassland, riverine forest, hilly scrubland and wetland, and between seasons. we recorded a total of 2,573 individual animals of 28 medium and large mammal species in the park. this included three globally threatened species: the endangered african wild dog (lycaon pictus), the vu ...202033005352
potential for virus endogenization in humans through testicular germ cell infection: the case of hiv.viruses have colonized the germ line of our ancestors at several occasions during evolution, leading to the integration in the human genome of viral sequences from over 30 retroviral groups and a few non-retroviruses. among the recently emerged viruses infecting humans, several target the testis (eg hiv, zika and ebola viruses). here we aimed to investigate whether human testicular germ cells (tgcs) can support integration by hiv, a contemporary retrovirus that started to spread in the human pop ...202032999017
identification of schistosoma mansoni infection in a nonhuman primate from st. kitts more than 50 years after interruption of human transmission.transmission of schistosoma mansoni was interrupted on st. kitts, a caribbean island, in the 1950s. with no reported cases since that time and most biomphalaria spp. snail populations eliminated based on surveys in the 1970s, s. mansoni has been considered eliminated on st. kitts. in 2019, s. mansoni eggs were found in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) that originated from st. kitts. nonhuman primate (nhp) infections have been considered incidental to human infections, with ...202032996451
aberrant expression of cell cycle regulator 14-3-3-σ and e-cadherin in a metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus).we present a unique case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with concurrent abdominal cestodiasis in an african green monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus) that presented with respiratory insufficiency and abdominal discomfort. there were multiple white-grey masses in the liver and colonic serosa alongside intra-abdominal parasitic cysts. histopathologically, the liver masses were composed of poorly-differentiated epithelial cells that formed densely cellular solid areas and trabeculae. the neoplastic ...202032958143
sars-cov-2 infection of african green monkeys results in mild respiratory disease discernible by pet/ct imaging and shedding of infectious virus from both respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.vaccines are urgently needed to combat the global coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, and testing of candidate vaccines in an appropriate non-human primate (nhp) model is a critical step in the process. infection of african green monkeys (agm) with a low passage human isolate of sars-cov-2 by aerosol or mucosal exposure resulted in mild clinical infection with a transient decrease in lung tidal volume. imaging with human clinical-grade 18f-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tom ...202032946524
in-vitro study of hottentotta schach crude venom anticancer effects on mcf-7 and vero cell lines.scorpion venoms contain potentially useful pharmacological agents. several studies demonstrate that the venoms of some scorpions induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of cancer cells; therefore, they have been investigated for isolating anticancer components. in this study, antitumor effects of hottentotta schach crude venom on mcf-7 (breast cancer cell line) as test group and vero (african green monkey kidney normal cell line) as control group were analyzed. cell toxicity was analyzed using m ...202032922480
past and current advances in marburg virus disease: a review.marburg virus (marv), along with the ebola virus, belongs to the family of filovirus and is cause of a lethal and severely affecting hemorrhagic fever. the marburgvirus genus includes two viruses: marv and ravn. marv has been recognized as one of utmost importance by the world health organization (who). the case fatality rate of the virus ranges from 24.0 to 88.0% which demonstrates its lethal nature and the need for its widespread information. the first case of the marburgvirus disease (mard) w ...202032920568
genetic evidence for the role of non-human primates as reservoir hosts for human schistosomiasis.schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease, that affects over 207 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths annually, mainly in sub-saharan africa. although many health measures have been carried out to limit parasite transmission, significant numbers of non-human primates such as chlorocebus aethiops (ch. aethiops) (vervet) and papio anubis (baboon) are infected with s. mansoni, notably in ethiopia, where they are expected to have potentially significant implications for transmission an ...202032898147
epigenetic silencing of cd4 expression in nonpathogenic siv infection in african green monkeys.african green monkeys (agms) are natural hosts of siv that postthymically downregulate cd4 to maintain a large population of cd4-cd8aa+ virus-resistant cells with th functionality, which can result in agms becoming apparently cured of sivagm infection. to understand the mechanisms of this process, we performed genome-wide transcriptional analysis on t cells induced to downregulate cd4 in vitro from agms and closely related patas monkeys and t cells that maintain cd4 expression from rhesus macaqu ...202032841214
sars-cov-2 infection dynamics in lungs of african green monkeys.detailed knowledge about the dynamics of sars-cov-2 infection is important for unraveling the viral and host factors that contribute to covid-19 pathogenesis. old-world nonhuman primates recapitulate mild-moderate covid-19 cases, thereby serving as important pathogenesis models. we compared african green monkeys inoculated with sars-cov-2 or inactivated virus to study the dynamics of virus replication throughout the respiratory tract. rna sequencing of single cells from the lungs and mediastinal ...202032839775
intranasal exposure of african green monkeys to sars-cov-2 results in acute phase pneumonia with shedding and lung injury still present in the early convalescence phase.we recently reported the development of the first african green monkey (agm) model for covid-19 based on a combined liquid intranasal (i.n.) and intratracheal (i.t.) exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). here, we followed up on this work by assessing an i.n. particle only route of exposure using the lma mucosal atomization device (mad). six agms were infected with sars-cov-2; three animals were euthanized near the peak stage of virus replication (day 5) and th ...202032818211
pseudorabies virus production using a serum-free medium in fixed-bed bioreactors with low cell inoculum density.fixed-bed bioreactors packed with macrocarriers show great potential to be used for vaccine process development and large-scale production due to distinguishing features of low shear force, high cell adhering surface area, and easy replacement of culture media in situ. as an initial step of utilizing this type of bioreactors for pseudorabies virus production (prv) by african green monkey kidney (vero) cells, we developed a tube-fixed-bed bioreactor in the previous study, which represents a scale ...202032816175
intranasal exposure of african green monkeys to sars-cov-2 results in acute phase pneumonia with shedding and lung injury still present in the early convalescence phase.we recently reported the development of the first african green monkey (agm) model for covid-19 based on a combined liquid intranasal (i.n.) and intratracheal (i.t.) exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). here, we followed up on this work by assessing an i.n. particle only route of exposure using the lma mucosal atomization device (mad). six agms were infected with sars-cov-2; three animals were euthanized near the peak stage of virus replication (day 5) and th ...202032811514
synthesis of pt(ii) complexes of the type [pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(sarfn)2] (sarfn = sc6h3-3,4-f2; sc6f4-4-h; sc6f5). preliminary evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity.a series of pt(ii) complexes of the type [pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(sarfn)2] (sarfn = sc6h3-3,4-f2(1); sc6f4-4-h (2); sc6f5(3)) were synthesized from [pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(cl)2] and [pb(sarfn)2] via metathesis reactions. the complexes were fully characterized including the unambiguous determination of their molecular structures by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques, showing the metal centers to be into a slightly distorted square-planar environments. the in vitro cytotoxic activity of ...202032801098
reactive mesothelial hyperplasia mimicking mesothelioma in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops).a spontaneous reactive mesothelial hyperplasia occurred in a female, 15.7-year-old african green monkey (grivet; chlorocebus aethiops). at necropsy, massive effusions were found in the abdomen, the thorax, and the pericardium. additionally, multiple small, beige-gray nodules were detected on the serosal surfaces of the abdominal organs. histopathologically, the mesothelial cells resembled the epithelioid subtype of a mesothelioma, but no infiltrative or invasive growth could be demonstrated. the ...202032760782
safety and immunogenicity of an intranasal sendai virus-based vaccine for human parainfluenza virus type i and respiratory syncytial virus (sevrsv) in adults.sevrsv is a replication-competent sendai virus (sev)-based vaccine carrying the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) gene. unmanipulated, non-recombinant sev is a murine parainfluenza virus type 1 (piv-1) and serves as a jennerian vaccine for human piv-1 (hpiv-1). sev protects african green monkeys (agm) from infection after hpiv-1 challenge. the recombinant sevrsv additionally targets rsv and protects agm from lower respiratory infections after rsv challenge. the present study i ...202032750273
small particle aerosol exposure of african green monkeys to mers-cov as a model for highly pathogenic coronavirus infection.emerging coronaviruses are a global public health threat because of the potential for person-to-person transmission and high mortality rates. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012, causing lethal respiratory disease in »35% of cases. primate models of coronavirus disease are needed to support development of therapeutics, but few models exist that recapitulate severe disease. for initial development of a mers-cov primate model, 12 african green monkeys were expos ...202032744989
immune profiling of influenza-specific b- and t-cell responses in macaques using flow cytometry-based assays.influenza remains a significant global public health burden, despite substantial annual vaccination efforts against circulating virus strains. as a result, novel vaccine approaches are needed to generate long-lasting and universal broadly cross-reactive immunity against distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes. several new vaccine candidates are currently under development and/or in clinical trials. the successful development of new vaccines requires testing in animal models, other than mic ...202032741011
generation of pluripotent stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer and induced pluripotent somatic cells from african green monkeys.patient-specific stem cells derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) embryos or from induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) could be used to treat various diseases with minimal immune rejection. many studies using these cells have been conducted in rats and mice; however, there exist numerous dissimilarities between the rodents and humans limiting the clinical predictive power and experimental utility of rodent experiments alone. nonhuman primates (nhps) share greater homology to human ...202032715987
biomarkers of senescence in non-human primate adipose depots relate to aging.forty-three female african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) were selected to represent young adult to advanced geriatric ages (7-24 years) to exhibit a wide range of obesity status (8-53% body fat) and diverse metabolic syndrome criteria such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were collected and evaluated for the presence of senescence cells in both whole tissue and single-cell isolates from subcutaneous sources, utilizing senescenc ...202032705409
hydroxychloroquine use against sars-cov-2 infection in non-human primates.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic and no antiviral drug or vaccine is yet available for the treatment of this disease1-3. several clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of repurposed drugs that have demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro. among these candidates, hydroxychloroquine (hcq) has been given to thousands of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2)-the virus that causes covid-19-worldwi ...202032698191
chloroquine does not inhibit infection of human lung cells with sars-cov-2.the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has been associated with more than 780,000 deaths worldwide (as of 20 august 2020). to develop antiviral interventions quickly, drugs used for the treatment of unrelated diseases are currently being repurposed to treat covid-19. chloroquine is an anti-malaria drug that is used for the treatment of covid-19 as it inhibits the spread of sars-cov-2 in the african green ...202032698190
differentiation of trichuris species eggs from non-human primates by geometric morphometric analysis.human trichuriasis is a neglected tropical disease which affects millions of people worldwide, mostly living in low socio-economic conditions. numerous studies have been conducted over the past 10 years to compare the different techniques for t. trichiura eggs detection. our study provides the first geometric morphometric analysis for the specific detection of eggs of trichuris sp. isolated from stools of macaque (m. sylvanus), colobus (c. g. kikuyensis), grivets (c. aethiops) and the brazza's m ...202032695575
leptospira infections in domestic and wild animals.leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. currently, specific animal species play an important role as the reservoir for particular leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host-pathogen interactions involved in leptospira epidemiology. furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly i ...202032679834
data, reagents, assays and merits of proteomics for sars-cov-2 research and testing.as the covid-19 pandemic continues to spread, thousands of scientists around the globe have changed research direction to understand better how the virus works and to find out how it may be tackled. the number of manuscripts on preprint servers is soaring and peer-reviewed publications using ms-based proteomics are beginning to emerge. to facilitate proteomic research on sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19, this report presents deep-scale proteomes (10,000 proteins; >130,000 peptides) of ...202032591346
advanced maternal age impacts physiologic adaptations to pregnancy in vervet monkeys.the trend to delay pregnancy in the usa has resulted in the number of advanced maternal age (ama) pregnancies to also increase. in humans, ama is associated with a variety of pregnancy-related pathologies such as preeclampsia (pe). while ama is known to be a factor which contributes to the development of pregnancy-induced diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms giving rise to this phenomenon are still very limited. this is due in part to lack of a preclinical model which has physiologic ...202032588342
the combined antibacterial and anticancer properties of nano ce-containing mg-phosphate ceramic.this paper was mainly aimed at synthesis of ce-containing nano-mg-phosphate ceramic as a multifunctional material.202032585244
modeling mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of zika virus in an enzootic host, the african green monkey.mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of zika virus (zikv), a torch pathogen, recently initiated a series of large epidemics throughout the tropics. animal models are necessary to determine transmission risk and study pathogenesis, as well screen antivirals and vaccine candidates. in this study, we modeled mosquito and sexual transmission of zikv in the african green monkey (agm). following subcutaneous, intravaginal or intrarectal inoculation of agms with zikv, we determined the transmission p ...202032569276
leptospira infection in african green monkeys in an endemic area: an opportunity for comparative studies in a natural environment.this study was performed to investigate the potential asymptomatic leptospira reservoir status among african green monkeys (agms) in the caribbean island of saint kitts, and whether there is any renal pathology associated with leptospira exposure. forty-eight percent of agms tested were positive for leptospira antibodies by the microscopic agglutination test. leptospira dna was detected in 4% of kidney samples tested using a lipl32 gene based pcr. we observed minimal to severe microscopic renal ...202032560055
live imaging of intra-lysosome ph in cell lines and primary neuronal culture using a novel genetically encoded biosensor.disorders of lysosomal physiology have increasingly been found to underlie the pathology of a rapidly growing cast of neurodevelopmental disorders and sporadic diseases of aging. one cardinal aspect of lysosomal (dys)function is lysosomal acidification in which defects trigger lysosomal stress signaling and defects in proteolytic capacity. we have developed a genetically encoded ratiometric probe to measure lysosomal ph coupled with a purification tag to efficiently purify lysosomes for both pro ...202032515674
establishment of an african green monkey model for covid-19.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of covid-19. animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of covid-19 and to screen candidate vaccines and treatments. nonhuman primates (nhp) are considered the gold standard model for many infectious pathogens as they usually best reflect the human condition. here, we show that african green monkeys support a high level of sars-cov-2 replication and develop pronounced ...202032511377
unusual mtdna control region length heteroplasmy in the cos-7 cell line.the cos-7 cell line is a workhorse of virology research. to expand this cell line's utility and to enable studies on mitochondrial dna (mtdna) transcription and replication, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of its mitochondrial genome by sanger sequencing. in contrast to other available mtdna sequences from chlorocebus aethiops, the mtdna of the cos-7 cell line was found to contain a variable number of perfect copies of a 108 bp unit tandemly repeated in the control region. we esta ...202032486194
abundance, diversity, and distribution of primates at welel mountain, kellem wollega zone, oromia region, ethiopia.primates are the mammals of the order primate that is characterized by advanced development of binocular vision and enlargement of the cerebral hemispheres. the aim of this study was to investigate the abundance, diversity, and distribution of primates on welel mountain. from august 2017 to february 2018, we collected data from different parts of welel mountain during wet and dry seasons of the year and analyzed them using spss version 20. we identified four primate species: chlorocebus aethiops ...202032454802
evaluation of acute oral toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the polar fraction of parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract.ethnopharmacobotanical information reports that parkinsonia aculeata infusion is used to control diabetes-related complications and dyslipidemia. however, few studies are reported on the safe use of this species. the aim of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of a polar fraction obtained from hydroethanolic extract of p. aculeata (pfrhepa). for the acute toxicity test, we considered the up and down method which the guidelines are described by the organiz ...202032440335
effect of delaying treatment on efficacy of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in the african green monkey model of pneumonic plague.ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, 2 fluoroquinolone antimicrobials, are ≥90% effective for the treatment of inhalational plague when administered within 2-6 hours of fever onset in african green monkeys (agm). based on data in the agm model, these antimicrobials were approved under the food and drug administration's animal efficacy rule. however, that data did not address the issue of how long treatment with these antimicrobials would remain effective after fever onset.202032435805
the african green monkey model of pneumonic plague and us food and drug administration approval of antimicrobials under the animal rule.additional treatment options for pneumonic plague, the most severe form of infection by yersinia pestis, are needed, as past us food and drug administration (fda) approvals were not based on clinical trials that meet today's standards, and multiple drugs are sought to counter resistance or use in special populations. due to the sporadic nature of outbreaks and the low number of pneumonic cases of disease, we sought fda approval of antimicrobials for treatment under the animal efficacy rule, wher ...202032435803
production of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral vector is enhanced by ezrin silencing.human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-based viral vector is widely used as a biomaterial to transfer a gene of interest into target cells in many biological study fields including gene therapy. vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g)-containing hiv-1 vector much more efficiently transduces various mammalian cells than other viral envelope proteins-containing vectors. understanding the mechanism would contribute to development of a novel method of efficient hiv-1 vector production. ...202032411688
a forgotten episode of marburg virus disease: belgrade, yugoslavia, 1967.in 1967, several workers involved in poliomyelitis vaccine development and production fell ill at three different locations in europe with a severe and often lethal novel disease associated with grivets (chlorocebus aethiops) imported from uganda. this disease was named marburg virus disease (mvd) after the west german town of marburg an der lahn, where most human infections and deaths had been recorded. consequently, the marburg episode received the most scientific and media attention. cases th ...202032404328
nogo receptor decoy promotes recovery and corticospinal growth in non-human primate spinal cord injury.after cns trauma such as spinal cord injury, the ability of surviving neural elements to sprout axons, reorganize neural networks and support recovery of function is severely restricted, contributing to chronic neurological deficits. among limitations on neural recovery are myelin-associated inhibitors functioning as ligands for neuronal nogo receptor 1 (ngr1). a soluble decoy (ngr1-fc, axer-204) blocks these ligands and provides a means to promote recovery of function in multiple preclinical ro ...202032375169
comparative characterization of flavivirus production in two cell lines: human hepatoma-derived huh7.5.1-8 and african green monkey kidney-derived vero.the flaviviridae is a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. it contains many viruses that threaten human health, such as japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and yellow fever virus (yfv) of the genus flavivirus as well as hepatitis c virus of the genus hepacivirus. cell culture systems highly permissive for the flaviviridae viruses are very useful for their isolation, propagation, and diagnosis, an understanding of their biology, and the development of vaccin ...202032330205
primate model of chronic retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.the purpose of this study was to characterize and develop a primate model of chronic retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage that can be employed to assess efficacy of experimental therapeutics targeting retinal ischemic and neovascular diseases. african green monkeys received bilateral intravitreal (ivt) injection of dl-alpha-aminoadipic acid (dlaaa; 5 mg) following ophthalmic examination, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (fa) and optical coherence tomography (oct). ima ...202032275921
genome analysis and replication studies of the african green monkey simian foamy virus serotype 3 strain fv2014.african green monkey (agm) spumaretroviruses have been less well-studied than other simian foamy viruses (sfvs). we report the biological and genomic characterization of sfvcae_fv2014, which was the first foamy virus isolated from an african green monkey (agm) and was found to be serotype 3. infectivity studies in various cell lines from different species (mouse, dog, rhesus monkey, agm, and human) indicated that like other sfvs, sfvcae_fv2014 had broad species and cell tropism, and in vitro cel ...202032268512
a redox stimuli-responsive superparamagnetic nanogel with chemically anchored dox for enhanced anticancer efficacy and low systemic adverse effects.a reduction-triggered superparamagnetic nanogel was designed for enhancing targeting release but minimizing leakage of drug in the drug-transportation pathway. doxorubicin (dox) was first conjugated onto sodium alginate (sa) with a disulfide linker (sa-ss-dox). sa-ss-dox was then electrostatically assembled with aminated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the preparation of nanogel. the nanogel was estimated with a size of 122 ± 15 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.178, a surface charg ...201532263027
size-dependent toxicity and interactions of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals on vero renal epithelial cells.urinary crystals in normal and kidney stone patients often have varying sizes; the interaction between renal epithelial cells and cod crystals generated in the tubular fluid could play an initiating role in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. this study aims to compare the cytotoxicity of micro/nano-calcium oxalate dihydrate (cod) crystals (50 nm, 100 nm, 600 nm, 3 μm, and 10 μm) toward african green monkey renal epithelial (vero) cells to reveal the mechanism of kidney stone ...201532262259
nuphar lutea extracts exhibit anti-viral activity against the measles virus.different parts of nuphar lutea l. (yellow water lily) have been used to treat several inflammatory and pathogen-related diseases. it has shown that nuphar lutea extracts (nup) are active against various pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and leishmanial parasites. in an effort to detect novel therapeutic agents against negative-stranded rna (- rna) viruses, we have tested the effect of a partially-purified alkaloid mixture of nuphar lutea leaves on the measles virus (mv). the mv vaccine's edm ...202032260270
peanut applied to the skin of nonhuman primates induces antigen-specific igg but not ige.previous studies in humans support the dual-allergen exposure hypothesis, and several studies in mouse models have demonstrated that cutaneous exposure to disrupted or intact skin can lead to sensitization to peanut. however, the field lacks definitive evidence that cutaneous exposure leads to peanut allergy in humans or other primates.202032220059
a fine-scale genetic map for vervet monkeys.despite its important biological role, the evolution of recombination rates remains relatively poorly characterized. this owes, in part, to the lack of high-quality genomic resources to address this question across diverse species. humans and our closest evolutionary relatives, anthropoid apes, have remained a major focus of large-scale sequencing efforts, and thus recombination rate variation has been comparatively well studied in this group-with earlier work revealing a conservation at the bro ...202032211856
longitudinal stability in adult status hierarchies among vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).status hierarchies were examined in a captive group over a 12-year period (1968-1979) to establish the stability and structure of vervet monkey dominance relationships. dyadic records of spontaneous avoid, bite, chase, and supplant behaviors are summarized into a win/lose matrix to produce a rank order of status at the end of each calendar year. the 13,717 agonistic acts tabulated are drawn from both focal and ad lib data. relative rank is computed by dividing the rank position of each individua ...198232197560
antimalarial 9-methoxystrobilurins, oudemansins, and related polyketides from cultures of basidiomycete favolaschia species.fourteen new compounds, oudemansins 1-4, oudemansinols 5-7, favolasins 8-10, favolasinin (12), polyketides 13-15, and (r,e)-2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-4-pentene-2,3-diol (16), together with nine known compounds were isolated from the basidiomycete fungus favolaschia sp. bcc 18686. two new compounds, favolasin e (11) and 9-oxostrobilurin e (17), were isolated from the closely related organism favolaschia calocera bcc 36684 along with nine β-methoxyacrylate-type derivatives. compounds in the class of o ...202032193929
characterization and comparison of testicular lh/hcg receptors of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).testicular luteinizing hormone (lh/hcg) receptors were characterized in seven green monkeys and compared with those of four rhesus monkeys. testicular tissue showed high binding affinity for 125 i-hcg, (0.9-2.5 × 109 m-1 , and 0.7-1.64 × 109 m-1 respectively, for green and rhesus monkeys) and low binding capacity (0.343-0.682 fmol/mg and 0.198-0.355 fmol/mg testicular homogenate, respectively). there was no difference in binding affinity between the two groups. testicular lh/hcg receptors in bot ...198232192236
quantitative proteomic analysis reveals antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of puerarin in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused enormous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide in recent years. puerarin (pr), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the chinese herb gegen, possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. this study was conducted with both pedv-infected african green monkey kidney cells (vero) and neonatal pigs to determine the effect of pr on pedv infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by u ...202032174911
virome diversity analysis reveals novel enteroviruses and a human picobirnavirus in stool samples from african green monkeys with diarrhea.it is important to identify viruses in animals because most infectious diseases in humans are caused by viruses of zoonotic origin. african green monkey is a widely used non-human primate model in biomedical investigations. in this study, total rnas were extracted from stool samples of 10 african green monkeys with diarrhea. high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize viromes. pcr and sanger sequencing were used to determine the full genome sequences. great viral diversity was observed. ...202032165243
determinants of fecundity and reproductive success in captive vervet monkeys.between 1975 and 1983, adult female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) over 3.5 years of age, living in two undisturbed social groups in a captive colony in sepulveda, california, have averaged 1.0 births per female year with a mean interbirth interval of 10.7 months. increased fecundity did not result in decreased survival rates of offspring in this population. fecundity was influenced by the mother's age and dominance rank. the primary factor in the age-fecundity relationship was ...198432138459
african green monkeys avoid siv disease progression by preventing intestinal dysfunction and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity.unlike hiv infection, siv infection is generally nonpathogenic in natural hosts, such as african green monkeys (agms), despite life-long high viral replication. lack of disease progression was reportedly based on the ability of siv-infected agms to prevent gut dysfunction, avoiding microbial translocation and the associated systemic immune activation and chronic inflammation. yet, the maintenance of gut integrity has never been documented, and the mechanism(s) by which gut integrity is preserved ...202032119719
a case of gallstones in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops).spontaneous cholelithiasis was found in a male african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) at necropsy. choleliths varied in size, shape and colour. gallstones were analysed using accepted analytical methods. results showed that the gallstones were composed of cholesterol and protein in varying proportions. histologically, the gallbladder showed diffuse mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltration. the etiology of the cholelithiasis in the examined individual remains unknown.201732110690
detection systems for antibody responses against herpes b virus.herpes b virus (bv) infection is highly prevalent among adult asian macaques and rarely causes severe disease in infected animals. in contrast, bv infection of humans can induce fatal encephalitis in the absence of treatment. therefore, the development of diagnostic tests for specific and sensitive detection of antibodies against bv is an important task. the cross-reactivity of antibodies against bv with related simplex viruses of other primates may afford an opportunity to obtain sensitive dete ...201732110687
a codon-pair deoptimized live-attenuated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus is immunogenic and efficacious in non-human primates.despite a critical need for a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine and decades of development efforts, a vaccine to protect infants, elderly, and other at-risk populations from rsv infection remains elusive. we have previously generated a new, live-attenuated vaccine candidate against rsv using rational, computer-aided gene design and chemical synthesis through a process termed viral gene "deoptimization." in this study, we assessed the attenuation, immunogenicity, and efficacy of this synt ...202032107060
pharmacological characterization of the novel and selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-positive allosteric modulator bnc375.treatments for cognitive deficits associated with central nervous system (cns) disorders such as alzheimer disease and schizophrenia remain significant unmet medical needs that incur substantial pressure on the health care system. the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) has garnered substantial attention as a target for cognitive deficits based on receptor localization, robust preclinical effects, genetics implicating its involvement in cognitive disorders, and encouraging, albeit mixed, ...202032094294
rapid process development of serum-free pseudorabies virus production with the quality by design approach.this study described a successful application of the quality by design (qbd) approach to pseudorabies virus (prv) production process development in a fixed-bed bioreactor using the serum-free medium (sfm). the innovated tube-fixed-bed bioreactor was used as a scale-down model of the fixed-bed bioreactor for process development. risk analysis was performed using ishikawa diagram combined with failure mode effects analysis (fmea). the comparative experiment was performed to screen proper medium fo ...202032086694
influenza-infected newborn and adult monkeys exhibit a strong primary antibody response to hemagglutinin stem.the specificity of antibodies (abs) generated against influenza a virus (iav) infection can significantly alter protection and viral clearance. at present, the impact of age upon this process is relatively unexplored. here, we evaluated the ab response in newborn and adult african green monkeys following infection with iav using a strain that enables us to determine the immunodominance (id) hierarchy of the ab response to hemagglutinin (ha), the principal target of protective abs. this revealed ...202032078584
carfentanil toxicity in the african green monkey: therapeutic efficacy of naloxone.carfentanil is an ultra-potent opioid with an analgesic potency 10,000 times that of morphine but has received little scientific investigation. three experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of carfentanil and the efficacy of naloxone in adult male african green monkeys. the first experiment determined the ed50 (found to be 0.71 μg/kg) of subcutaneous carfentanil for inducing bradypnea and/or loss of posture. experiment 2 attempted to establish the ed50 of naloxone for rapidly reversi ...202032070766
nanofibrous silica microparticles/polymer hybrid aerogels for sustained delivery of poorly water-soluble camptothecin.the surface functionalization of nanoporous silica materials with chemical agents opens up numerous possibilities, including improvement in the materials' ability to carry high payloads of drugs. in this study, kcc-1 nanofibrous silica microparticles are functionalized with methyl groups and then combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) and poly(acrylic acid) (paa) to produce hybrid aerogels that can deliver a poorly water-soluble anticancer drug. the synthetic steps involve freeze-drying a polym ...202032036118
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