Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| a novel restraint device for injection of galleria mellonella larvae that minimizes the risk of accidental operator needle stick injury. | larvae of the insect galleria mellonella are increasingly being used for studying pathogenic microbes and their virulence mechanisms, and as a rapid model for screening novel antimicrobial agents. the larvae (waxworms) are most frequently infected by injection of pathogenic organisms into the haemocoel through the insect's prolegs. the mostly widely used method for restraining the waxworms for injection is by grasping them between the operator's fingers, which puts the operator at risk of needle ... | 2017 | 28401069 |
| expression of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor impi in the fat body of galleria mellonella exposed to infection with beauveria bassiana. | the inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (impi) discovered in galleria mellonella is currently the only specific inhibitor of metalloproteinases found in animals. its role is to inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases secreted by pathogenic organisms as virulence factors to degrade immune-relevant polypeptides of the infected host. this is a good example of an evolutionary arms race between the insect hosts and their natural pathogens. in this report, we analyze the expression of a gene enco ... | 2017 | 28399190 |
| molecular identification and genetic diversity among photorhabdus and xenorhabdus isolates. | five bacterial strains were isolated from the hemocoel of the greater wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella) infected with the entomopathogenic nematodes: heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88, heterorhabditis indicus rm1 and heterorhabditis sp (s1), steinernema abbasi and steinernema sp. (s ii). strains were identified as photorhabdus luminescens hrm1, p. luminescens hs1, p. luminescens hp88, xenorhabdus indica and x. nematophila attc19061 using 16s rdna sequence analysis. to reveal the genetic div ... | 2017 | 28391470 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural areas in brazil. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) (steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) can control pests due to the mutualistic association with bacteria that kill the host by septicemia and make the environment favorable for epns development and reproduction. the diversity of epns in brazilian soils requires further study. the identification of epns, adapted to environmental and climatic conditions of cultivated areas is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management programs in agricu ... | 2017 | 28382937 |
| glycosylated metal chelators as anti-parasitic agents with tunable selectivity. | trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania amazonensis are the causative agents of chagas' disease and leishmaniasis, respectively. these conditions affect millions of people worldwide, especially in developing countries. as such, there is an urgent need for novel, efficient and cost-effective treatments for these diseases, given the growing resistance and side-effects of current therapies. this work details the synthesis and evaluation of the anti-parasitic activity of novel amino- and iminopyridyl metal ... | 2017 | 28382355 |
| galleria mellonella as an in vivo model for assessing the protective activity of probiotics against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. | the antagonistic activity against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens is an important property of probiotic bacteria and a desirable feature for pre-selection of novel strains with probiotic potential. pre-screening of candidate probiotics for antibacterial activity should be based on in vitro and in vivo tests. this study investigated whether the protective activity of probiotic bacteria against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens can be evaluated using galleria mellonella larvae as an in viv ... | 2017 | 28369512 |
| functional investigation of iron-responsive microsomal proteins, including mirc, in aspergillus fumigatus. | the functionality of many microsome-associated proteins which exhibit altered abundance in response to iron limitation in aspergillus fumigatus is unknown. here, we generate and characterize eight gene deletion strains, and of most significance reveal that mirc (afua_2g05730) contributes to the maintenance of intracellular siderophore [ferricrocin (fc)] levels, augments conidiation, confers protection against oxidative stress, exhibits an intracellular localization and contributes to fungal viru ... | 2017 | 28367141 |
| combining two antifungal agents does not enhance survival of galleria mellonella larvae infected with madurella mycetomatis. | to determine if combination therapy would improve therapeutic outcome in eumycetoma caused by madurella mycetomatis. | 2017 | 28342219 |
| molecular characterization and amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with rhabditis (oscheius) spp. | bacterial strains associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) rhabditis (oscheius) spp. were isolated from infected cadavers of galleria mellonella. the obtained 18 isolates were subdivided into nine phylogenetically different genera based on comparative sequence analysis of their 16s rrna genes. the isolates were affiliated to three different class namely γ-proteobacteria (enterobacter, proteus, providencia, pseudomonas, stenotrophomonas), β-proteobacteria (alcaligenes) and bacilli (bacil ... | 2016 | 28330100 |
| sublethal effects of iridovirus disease in a mosquito. | recognition of the importance of debilitating effects of insect virus diseases is currently growing. commonly observed effects of sublethal infection at the individual level include extended development times, reduced pupal and adult weights, and lowered fecundity. however, for the most part, sublethal infections are assumed to be present in survivors of an inoculum challenge, rather than demonstrated to be present by microscopy or molecular techniques. invertebrate iridescent viruses are dsdna ... | 1999 | 28307761 |
| role of hormones in starvation-induced delay in larval hemolymph protein gene expression in galleria mellonella. | developmental northern analysis of larval hemolymph protein gene transcripts in galleria mellonella showed that lhp76 is expressed all through the larval life, while lhp82 is expressed only during the last larval stadium. neither transcript was detectable in pharate adults and adult moths. in addition, these transcripts were not detectable during the first 48 h of the last larval stadium. experimental analyses of the effects of the nutritional state and the hormonal levels of the last instar lar ... | 1988 | 28305475 |
| developmental regulation of the larval hemolymph protein genes in galleria mellonella. | the role of juvenile hormone (jh) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-he) in the stage-specific expression of the larval hemolymph protein (lhp) genes, lhp82 and lhp76, was investigated in the waxmoth, galleria mellonella, larvae. northern blot and dot hybridization analyses of total rna in larvae that were undergoing an extralarval molt, induced either by cold shock or by application of jh to day-0 last instar larvae, showed that the last instar-specific lhp82 transcripts were not present during this mo ... | 1987 | 28305389 |
| [the ecdysial rate of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera, pyralidae), after x-irradiation, wounding, and combined injury in the pupal instar]. | 1. pupae of the greater wax moth,galleria mellonella l., were exposed to x-rays with different doses, to a certain wounding, or to both treatments in different combinations. the extent of damage was measured as the decrease of the frequency of ecdysis. 2. the factors of damage after the different treatments were analyzed by partial irradiation and histological methods. the results of the histological investigation were compared with normal development of important organs of thegalleria pupa, par ... | 1969 | 28304465 |
| modulation of behaviour and virulence of a high alginate expressing pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from cystic fibrosis by oral commensal bacterium streptococcus anginosus. | cystic fibrosis (cf) airways harbour complex and dynamic polymicrobial communities that include many oral bacteria. despite increased knowledge of cf airway microbiomes the interaction between established cf pathogens and other resident microbes and resulting impact on disease progression is poorly understood. previous studies have demonstrated that oral commensal streptococci of the anginosus group (ags) can establish chronic pulmonary infections and become numerically dominant in cf sputa indi ... | 2017 | 28301571 |
| passive vectoring of entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana among the wax moth galleria mellonella larvae by the ectoparasitoid habrobracon hebetor females. | females of the ectoparasitoid habrobracon hebetor attack and envenomate numerous host individuals during oviposition. the vectoring of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana during the adhesion stage by ectoparasitoid females among the wax moth larvae galleria mellonella was explored under laboratory conditions. vectoring occurred both from infected parasitoids to wax moth larvae and from infected to healthy wax moth larvae by parasitoids. the efficacy of vectoring in both cases was dose ... | 2017 | 28296161 |
| effect of serine protease kex2 on candida albicans virulence under halogenated methyl sulfones. | the effect of kex2 mutations on c. albicans virulence and resistance to halogenated methyl sulfones was assessed. | 2017 | 28287299 |
| [galleria mellonella larva model in evaluating the effects of biofilm in candida albicans]. | biofilm-related infections are chronic infections that cause serious increase in morbidity and mortality as well as significant economic loss. galleria mellonella larva is shown as a reliable animal model for in vivo toxicology and pathogenicity tests due to its large size, ease of practice, ability to survive at 15-37°c and its similarity to mammals' natural immune system. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects biofilm activity of candida albicans in a g.mellonella larva model. two c ... | 2017 | 28283008 |
| candida albicans mycofilms support staphylococcus aureus colonization and enhances miconazole resistance in dual-species interactions. | polymicrobial inter-kingdom biofilm infections represent a clinical management conundrum. the presence of co-isolation of bacteria and fungi complicates the ability to routinely administer single antimicrobial regimens, and synergy between the microorganisms influences infection severity. we therefore investigated the nosocomial pathogens staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans with respect to antimicrobial intervention. we characterized the interaction using biofilm assays and evaluated the ... | 2017 | 28280487 |
| the galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo model for evaluation of shigella virulence. | shigella spp. causing bacterial diarrhea and dysentery are human enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens that are orally transmitted through contaminated food and water and cause bacillary dysentery. although natural shigella infections are restricted to humans and primates, several smaller animal models are used to analyze individual steps in pathogenesis. no animal model fully duplicates the human response and sustaining the models requires expensive animals, costly maintenance of animal facilities ... | 2017 | 28277944 |
| lactobacillus paracasei modulates the immune system of galleria mellonella and protects against candida albicans infection. | probiotics have been described as a potential strategy to control opportunistic infections due to their ability to stimulate the immune system. using the non-vertebrate model host galleria mellonella, we evaluated whether clinical isolates of lactobacillus spp. are able to provide protection against candida albicans infection. among different strains of lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus fermentum, we verified that l. paracasei 28.4 strain had the greatest ability ... | 2017 | 28267809 |
| overcoming an extremely drug resistant (xdr) pathogen: avibactam restores susceptibility to ceftazidime for burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. | burkholderia multivorans is a significant health threat to persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). infections are difficult to treat as this pathogen is inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics. susceptibility testing of isolates obtained from cf respiratory cultures revealed that single agents selected from different antibiotic classes were unable to inhibit growth. however, all isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftazidime when combined with the novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, ... | 2017 | 28264560 |
| unexplored endemic fruit species from brazil: antibiofilm properties, insights into mode of action, and systemic toxicity of four eugenia spp. | brazilian endemic fruit species have aroused attention due to their highly valuable, yet unexplored, agro-industrial, food and therapeutic potential. herein, we describe the antifungal activity of four eugenia spp. against candida albicans biofilms, and further demonstrate insights into their potential mode(s) of action and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. extracts from different parts (seeds, pulps, leaves) of e. leitonii (el), e. brasiliensis (eb), e. myrcianthes (em) and e. involucrata (ei) wer ... | 2017 | 28259673 |
| a neuropeptide modulates sensory perception in the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) employ a sophisticated chemosensory apparatus to detect potential hosts. understanding the molecular basis of relevant host-finding behaviours could facilitate improved epn biocontrol approaches, and could lend insight to similar behaviours in economically important mammalian parasites. fmrfamide-like peptides are enriched and conserved across the phylum nematoda, and have been linked with motor and sensory function, including dispersal and aggregating behaviour ... | 2017 | 28253355 |
| evaluation of combination therapy for burkholderia cenocepacia lung infection in different in vitro and in vivo models. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for life-threatening infections in cystic fibrosis patients. b. cenocepacia is extremely resistant towards antibiotics and therapy is complicated by its ability to form biofilms. we investigated the efficacy of an alternative antimicrobial strategy for b. cenocepacia lung infections using in vitro and in vivo models. a screening of the nih clinical collection 1&2 was performed against b. cenocepacia biofilms formed in 96-well micr ... | 2017 | 28248999 |
| dna methyltransferases contribute to the fungal development, stress tolerance and virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium robertsii. | dna methylation is an important epigenetic mark in mammals, plants, and fungi and depends on multiple genetic pathways involving de novo and maintenance dna methyltransferases (dnmtases). metarhizium robertsii, a model system for investigating insect-fungus interactions, has been used as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides. however, little is known concerning the molecular basis for dna methylation. here, we report on the roles of two dnmtases (mrrid and mrdim-2) by ... | 2017 | 28238081 |
| efficacy of rifampicin combination therapy for the treatment of enterococcal infections assessed in vivo using a galleria mellonella infection model. | enterococci are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection worldwide and display increasing levels of resistance to many of the commonly used antimicrobials, making treatment of their infections challenging. combinations of antibiotics are occasionally employed to treat serious infections, allowing for the possibility of synergistic killing. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different antibacterial combinations against enterococcal isolates using an in vitro approach a ... | 2017 | 28235571 |
| analysis of the acute response of galleria mellonella larvae to potassium nitrate. | potassium nitrate (e252) is widely used as a food preservative and has applications in the treatment of high blood pressure however high doses are carcinogenic. larvae of galleria mellonella were administered potassium nitrate to establish whether the acute effects in larvae correlated with those evident in mammals. intra-haemocoel injection of potassium nitrate resulted in a significant increase in the density of circulating haemocytes and a small change in the relative proportions of haemocyte ... | 2017 | 28232230 |
| identification of a pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 dna methyltransferase, its targets, and physiological roles. | dna methylation is widespread among prokaryotes, and most dna methylation reactions are catalyzed by adenine dna methyltransferases, which are part of restriction-modification (r-m) systems. r-m systems are known for their role in the defense against foreign dna; however, dna methyltransferases also play functional roles in gene regulation. in this study, we used single-molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing to uncover the genome-wide dna methylation pattern in the opportunistic pathogen pseudomon ... | 2017 | 28223461 |
| requirement of the rna-binding protein smpb during intracellular growth of listeria monocytogenes. | bacterial trans-translation is the main quality control mechanism employed to relieve stalled ribosomes. trans-translation is mediated by the small protein b (smpb) and transfer-mrna (tmrna) ribonucleoprotein complex, which interacts with translational complexes stalled at the 3' end of non-stop mrnas to release the stalled ribosomes thereby targeting the nascent polypeptides and truncated mrnas for degradation. the trans-translation system exists with a few exceptions in all bacteria. in the pr ... | 2017 | 28202229 |
| modulation of replicative lifespan in cryptococcus neoformans: implications for virulence. | the fungal pathogen, cryptococcus neoformans, has been shown to undergo replicative aging. old cells are characterized by advanced generational age and phenotypic changes that appear to mediate enhanced resistance to host and antifungal-based killing. as a consequence of this age-associated resilience, old cells accumulate during chronic infection. based on these findings, we hypothesized that shifting the generational age of a pathogenic yeast population would alter its vulnerability to the hos ... | 2017 | 28194146 |
| additive roles of two tps genes in trehalose synthesis, conidiation, multiple stress responses and host infection of a fungal insect pathogen. | intracellular trehalose accumulation is relevant to fungal life and pathogenicity. trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps) is known to control the first step of trehalose synthesis, but functions of multiple tps genes in some filamentous fungi are variable. here, we examined the functions of two tps genes (tpsa and tpsb) in beauveria bassiana, a fungal insect pathogen widely applied in arthropod pest control. intracellular tps activity and trehalose content decreased by 71-75 and 72-80% in δtpsa, a ... | 2017 | 28168316 |
| lepidopteran species have a variety of defence strategies against bacterial infections. | the insect immune system has versatile ways of coping with microbial insults. currently, innate immune priming has been described in several invertebrates, and the first insights into its mechanistic basis have been described. here we studied infections with two different strains of serratia marcescens bacteria in two different lepidopteran hosts. the results reveal fundamental differences between the two hosts, a well-known model organism galleria mellonella and a non-model species arctia plant ... | 2017 | 28163013 |
| discovery of a highly virulent strain of photorhabdus luminescens ssp. akhurstii from meghalaya, india. | photorhabdus is an insect-pathogenic gram negative enterobacterium found in the gut of heterorhabditis nematodes. photorhabdus is highly virulent to insects, and can kill insects rapidly upon injection at very low concentrations of one to few cells. we characterized the virulence of photorhabdus symbionts isolated from the heterorhabditis nematodes collected from various parts of india by injecting different concentrations of bacterial cells into fourth instar larval stage of insect galleria mel ... | 2017 | 28148990 |
| optimized expression of the antimicrobial protein gloverin from galleria mellonella using stably transformed drosophila melanogaster s2 cells. | antimicrobial proteins and peptides (amps) are valuable as leads in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of novel anti-infective drugs. here we describe the efficient heterologous expression and basic characterization of a gloverin-family amp derived from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. highly productive single-cell clones prepared by limiting dilution achieved a 100% increase in productivity compared to the original polyclonal drosophila melanogaster s2 cell line. comprehen ... | 2017 | 28132128 |
| effect of different wavelengths and dyes on candida albicans: in vivo study using galleria mellonella as an experimental model. | studies on photodynamic inactivation against microorganisms had a great development in recent years. the aim of this work was to test the application of different laser wavelengths with or without different photosensitizing dyes on candida albicans cells in vitro and in photodynamic therapy protocols in vivo in larvae of galleria mellonella. | 2017 | 28130177 |
| [a rare and mortal infection agent in patients with hematological malignancies: saprochaete capitata]. | saprochaete capitata (formerly known as geotrichum capitatum and blastoschizomyces capitatus) is a rare invasive fungal agent that may lead to mortal clinical course in patients with hematological malignancies. this agent can be colonized in skin, lungs and intestines, and it can cause major opportunistic infections. invasive systemic infections due to s.capitata have been reported in immunosuppressed patients. in this report, two patients with invasive s.capitata infections detected during the ... | 2016 | 28124967 |
| species diversity and population dynamics of entomopathogenic fungal species in the genus metarhizium-a spatiotemporal study. | we studied the species diversity and population genetic structure of isolates of fungi from the entomopathogenic genus metarhizium that had been isolated from sugarcane crops and surrounding grass. soil and leaf samples were taken on four sampling occasions over 13 months (october 2014-october 2015). isolations were made using the galleria mellonella baiting method and selective media. phylogenetic placement of isolates was done by sequencing a fragment of the 5' of the elongation factor 1-α gen ... | 2017 | 28124726 |
| studies on the virome of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana reveal novel dsrna elements and mild hypervirulence. | the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana has a wide host range and is used as a biocontrol agent against arthropod pests. mycoviruses have been described in phytopathogenic fungi while in entomopathogenic fungi their presence has been reported only rarely. here we show that 21.3% of a collection of b. bassiana isolates sourced from worldwide locations, harbor dsrna elements. molecular characterization of these elements revealed the prevalence of mycoviruses belonging to the partitiviridae ... | 2017 | 28114361 |
| rnai-based functional genomics identifies new virulence determinants in mucormycosis. | mucorales are an emerging group of human pathogens that are responsible for the lethal disease mucormycosis. unfortunately, functional studies on the genetic factors behind the virulence of these organisms are hampered by their limited genetic tractability, since they are reluctant to classical genetic tools like transposable elements or gene mapping. here, we describe an rnai-based functional genomic platform that allows the identification of new virulence factors through a forward genetic appr ... | 2017 | 28107502 |
| 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thiones as narrow spectrum antibiotics against multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. | with only two new classes of antibiotics developed in the last 40 years, novel antibiotics are desperately needed to combat the growing problem of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug resistant bacteria, particularly gram-negative bacteria. described in this letter is the synthesis and antibiotic activity of 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thiones as narrow spectrum antibiotics. optimization of the 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione scaffold identified a small molecule with potent antibiotic activity against ... | 2017 | 28105270 |
| virulent nontyphoidal salmonella producing ctx-m and cmy-2 β-lactamases from livestock, food and human infection, brazil. | 2017 | 28102761 | |
| the pacc transcription factor regulates secondary metabolite production and stress response, but has only minor effects on virulence in the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | the pacc transcription factor is an important component of the fungal ambient ph-responsive regulatory system. loss of pacc in the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana resulted in an alkaline ph-dependent decrease in growth and ph-dependent increased susceptibility to osmotic (salt, sorbitol) stress and sds. extreme susceptibility to congo red was noted irrespective of ph, and δbbpacc conidia showed subtle increases in uv susceptibility. the δbbpacc mutant showed a reduced ability to acid ... | 2017 | 28083986 |
| the campylobacter jejuni oxidative stress regulator rrpb is associated with a genomic hypervariable region and altered oxidative stress resistance. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. despite the microaerophilic nature of the bacterium, c. jejuni can survive the atmospheric oxygen conditions in the environment. bacteria that can survive either within a host or in the environment like c. jejuni require variable responses to survive the stresses associated with exposure to different levels of reactive oxygen species. the marr-type transcriptional regulators rrpa and rrpb have recently ... | 2016 | 28082970 |
| cinnamaldehyde inhibits staphylococcus aureus virulence factors and protects against infection in a galleria mellonella model. | bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. however, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, es ... | 2016 | 28066373 |
| genome-wide identification of antimicrobial intrinsic resistance determinants in staphylococcus aureus. | the emergence of antimicrobial resistance severely threatens our ability to treat bacterial infections. while acquired resistance has received considerable attention, relatively little is known of intrinsic resistance that allows bacteria to naturally withstand antimicrobials. gene products that confer intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents may be explored for alternative antimicrobial therapies, by potentiating the efficacy of existing antimicrobials. in this study, we identified the intr ... | 2016 | 28066345 |
| peptides derived from a phage display library inhibit adhesion and protect the host against infection by paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii. | paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii are dimorphic fungi and are the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). adhesion is one of the most important steps in infections with paracoccidioides and is responsible for the differences in the virulence of isolates of these fungi. because of the importance of adhesion to the establishment of an infection, this study focused on the preliminary development of a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit adhesion by paracoccidioide ... | 2016 | 28066254 |
| manipulating virulence factor availability can have complex consequences for infections. | given the rise of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, we urgently need alternative strategies to fight infections. some propose we should disarm rather than kill bacteria, through targeted disruption of their virulence factors. it is assumed that this approach (i) induces weak selection for resistance because it should only minimally impact bacterial fitness, and (ii) is specific, only interfering with the virulence factor in question. given that pathogenicity emerges from complex interact ... | 2017 | 28035238 |
| modeling acinetobacter baumannii wound infections: the critical role of iron. | acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an increasingly important and successful opportunistic human pathogen due to its ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions, its characteristic virulence factors, and quick adaptability to stress. | 2017 | 28030490 |
| effect of vacuolar atpase subunit h (vmah) on cellular ph, asexual cycle, stress tolerance and virulence in beauveria bassiana. | vacuolar atpase (v-atpase) is a conserved multi-subunit protein complex that mediates intracellular acidification in fungi. here we show functional diversity of v-atpase subunit h (bbvmah) in beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen. deletion of bbvmah resulted in elevated vacuolar ph, increased ca(2+) level in cytosol but not in vacuoles, accelerated culture acidification and reduced accumulation of extracellular ammonia. aerial conidiation and submerged blastospore production w ... | 2017 | 28011319 |
| antimicrobial activity and interactions of cationic peptides derived from galleria mellonella cecropin d-like peptide with model membranes. | antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune system against invading pathogens. the cationic charge in their structures has a strong correlation with antimicrobial activity, being responsible for the initial electrostatic interaction between peptides and the anionic microbial surface. this paper contains evidence that charge modification in the neutral peptide gm cecropin d-like (wt) improved the antimicrobial activity of the modified peptides. two cationic peptides derived ... | 2017 | 27999446 |
| disruption of protein mannosylation affects candida guilliermondii cell wall, immune sensing, and virulence. | the fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. in the prominent pathogenic yeast candida albicans, pmr1 acts as a golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. to gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the pmr1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely ... | 2016 | 27994582 |
| novel cadmium resistance determinant in listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe disease (listeriosis) in susceptible individuals. it is ubiquitous in the environment and often exhibits resistance to heavy metals. one of the determinants that enables listeria to tolerate exposure to cadmium is the cadac efflux system, with cada being a p-type atpase. three different cada genes (designated cada1 to cada3) were previously characterized in l. monocytogenes a novel putative cadmium resistance gene (cada4) was r ... | 2017 | 27986731 |
| evaluation of galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of streptococcus suis. | streptococcus suis is an encapsulated gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young pigs, resulting in considerable economic losses in the porcine industry. s. suis is considered an emerging zoonotic agent with increasing numbers of human cases over the last years. in the environment, both avirulent and virulent strains occur in pigs, with no evidence for consistent adapatation of virulent strains to the human host. currently, there is an urgent need for a conve ... | 2016 | 27978817 |
| changes occurred in the testes and dna pattern of males wax moth (galleria mellonella) first generation as a result of irradiation of their parents. | nowadays, the sterile insect technique is broadly used as a pest control measure. therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the alteration occurred in testes and dna pattern as an effect of inherited sterility. full grown pupae of the wax moth, galleria mellonella were irradiated with 80 and 160 gy of γ irradiation. the size of the testes was decreased by increasing of γ irradiation dose. also, the size of the testes was decreased in f 1 males comparing with the size of the teste ... | 2016 | 27974072 |
| repurposing the anticancer drug mitomycin c for the treatment of persistent acinetobacter baumannii infections. | acinetobacter baumannii is an emergent opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for recalcitrant infections owing to its high intrinsic tolerance to most antibiotics; therefore, suitable strategies to treat these infections are needed. one plausible approach is the repurposing of drugs that are already in use. among them, anticancer drugs may be especially useful due their cytotoxic activities and ample similarities between bacterial infections and growing tumours. in this work, the effectiv ... | 2017 | 27939675 |
| the er-mitochondria encounter structure contributes to hyphal growth, mitochondrial morphology and virulence of the pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the primary causative species of invasive aspergillosis, a systemic disease associated with high mortality rates. treatment of invasive fungal infection relies on a very limited number of antifungal drug classes. in order to extend the spectrum of antifungal drugs novel target structures have to be identified. the er-mitochondria encounter structure (ermes), a recently discovered tether that links mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulu ... | 2017 | 27939177 |
| capsule-targeting depolymerase, derived from klebsiella kp36 phage, as a tool for the development of anti-virulent strategy. | the rise of antibiotic-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae, a leading nosocomial pathogen, prompts the need for alternative therapies. we have identified and characterized a novel depolymerase enzyme encoded by klebsiella phage kp36 (depokp36), from the siphoviridae family. to gain insights into the catalytic and structural features of depokp36, we have recombinantly produced this protein of 93.4 kda and showed that it is able to hydrolyze a crude exopolysaccharide of a k. pneumoniae host. using in ... | 2016 | 27916936 |
| response of three cyprinid fish species to the scavenger deterrent factor produced by the mutualistic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. | the symbiotic bacteria, photorhabdus and xenorhabdus associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) in the genera heterorhabditis and steinernema, respectively, produce a compound(s) called the scavenging deterrent factor (sdf). sdf deters a number of terrestrial insect scavengers and predators and one bird species from feeding on host insects killed by the nematode-bacterium complex but has not been tested against aquatic vertebrates. moreover, the heterorhabditis-photorhabdus association is ... | 2017 | 27908637 |
| comparative analysis of phenol-soluble modulin production and galleria mellonella killing by community-associated and healthcare-associated meticillin-resistant staphylococcusaureus strains. | community-associated meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) have emerged globally and have been associated with more severe disease than healthcare-associated mrsa (ha-mrsa). the purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory measures of virulence can distinguish dominant ca-mrsa clones from ha-mrsa clones. we compared the production of phenol-soluble modulins (psms) and ability to kill galleria mellonella caterpillars for a range of ca- and ha-mrsa strains. twenty-two h ... | 2016 | 27902400 |
| fungal infection dynamics in response to temperature in the lepidopteran insect galleria mellonella. | this study examines how the dynamics of fungus-insect interactions can be modulated by temperature. the wax moth, galleria mellonella, is a well-studied and important model insect whose larvae in the wild develop optimally at around 34 °c in beehives. however, surprisingly little research on wax moths has been conducted at relevant temperatures. in this study, the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium robertsii inflicted rapid and substantial mortality on wax moth larvae maintained at a constant t ... | 2016 | 27900825 |
| two symbiotic bacteria of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. against galleria mellonella. | the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. is considered a promising agent in the biocontrol of injurious insects of agriculture. however, different symbiotic bacteria associated with the nematode usually have different specificity and virulence toward their own host. in this study, two symbiotic bacteria, ly2w and nk, were isolated from the intestinal canals of two entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis megidis 90 (pdsj1 and pdsj2) from galleria mellonela, separately. to determine th ... | 2017 | 27889603 |
| inhibition of eicosanoid signaling leads to increased lipid peroxidation in a host/parasitoid system. | we posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in insects. here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidative and antioxidative parameters of wax moth and its ectoparasitoid, bracon hebetor. the highest dietary dexamethasone (dex), esculetin (esc) and pheni ... | 2017 | 27887946 |
| the burkholderia cenocepacia peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein is involved in epithelial cell attachment and elicitation of inflammation. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of gram-negative opportunistic pathogens causing infections in people with cystic fibrosis (cf). bcc is highly antibiotic resistant, making conventional antibiotic treatment problematic. the identification of novel targets for anti-virulence therapies should improve therapeutic options for infected cf patients. we previously identified that the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) was immunogenic in bcc infected cf patients; however, its ro ... | 2017 | 27886433 |
| using galleria mellonella as an infection model for campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis. | nonmammalian model systems of infection have been employed recently to study bacterial virulence. for instance, galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth) has been shown to be susceptible to infection by many bacterial pathogens including the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni. in contrast to the traditional animal models for c. jejuni such as the chick colonization model and ferret diarrheal model, the galleria mellonella infection model has the advantages of lower cost, ease of use and no a ... | 2017 | 27885606 |
| cross-talk between staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species via the agr quorum sensing system. | staphylococci are associated with both humans and animals. while most are non-pathogenic colonizers, staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing severe infections. s. aureus virulence is controlled by the agr quorum sensing system responding to secreted auto-inducing peptides (aips) sensed by agrc, a two component histidine kinase. agr loci are found also in other staphylococcal species and for staphylococcus epidermidis, the encoded aip represses expression of agr regu ... | 2016 | 27877157 |
| effects of storage temperature on survival and infectivity of three indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes strains (steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) from meghalaya, india. | three locally isolated strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns), viz. heterorhabditis indica, steinernema thermophilum and steinernema glaseri, from meghalaya, india were characterized in terms of storage temperature and survival and infectivity of their infective juveniles (ijs). the survival and infectivity of nematode ijs was studied at, 5 ± 2 and 25 ± 2 °c, for a period of 120 days, using deionized water as storage medium. the viability of nematode ijs was checked by mobility criterion a ... | 2016 | 27876904 |
| iron-regulated phospholipase c activity contributes to the cytolytic activity and virulence of acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that causes a wide range of infections including pneumonia, septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis and severe wound and urinary tract infections. analysis of a. baumannii representative strains grown in chelex 100-treated medium for hemolytic activity demonstrated that this pathogen is increasingly hemolytic to sheep, human and horse erythrocytes, which interestingly contain increasing amounts of phosphatidylcholine in their membranes ... | 2016 | 27875572 |
| alternative animal and non-animal models for drug discovery and development: bonus or burden? | mammalian models have served as a basis for r&d over the past decades. nevertheless, these models are expensive, laborious, may yield results that cannot always be translated into the human in vivo situation and, more recently, have reverberated great social and ethical dilemmas. hence, the prospect of changes in the global scientific scenario and the three rs principle (reduction, replacement and refinement) have encouraged the development of alternative methods to the use of mammals. despite t ... | 2017 | 27858217 |
| temporal profile of biofilm formation, gene expression and virulence analysis in candida albicans strains. | the characterization of candida albicans strains with different degrees of virulence became very useful to understand the mechanisms of fungal virulence. then, the objective of this study was to assess and compare the temporal profiles of biofilms formation, gene expression of als1, als3, hwp1, bcr1, efg1, tec1, sap5, plb2 and lip9 and virulence in galleria mellonella of c. albicans atcc18804 and a clinical sample isolated from an hiv-positive patient (ca60). although the cfu/ml counting was hig ... | 2017 | 27830437 |
| galleria mellonella lysozyme induces apoptotic changes in candida albicans cells. | the greater wax moth galleria mellonella has been increasingly used as a model host to determine candida albicans virulence and efficacy of antifungal treatment. the g. mellonella lysozyme, similarly to its human counterpart, is a member of the c-type family of lysozymes that exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. however, in contrast to the relatively well explained bactericidal action, the mechanism of fungistatic and/or fungicidal activity of lysozymes is still not clear. in the pres ... | 2016 | 27825480 |
| the wax moth galleria mellonella as a novel model system to study enteroaggregative escherichia coli pathogenesis. | 2016 | 27824518 | |
| flhf is required for swarming motility and full pathogenicity of bacillus cereus. | besides sporulation, bacillus cereus can undergo a differentiation process in which short swimmer cells become elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cells that favor migration of the bacterial community on a surface. the functionally enigmatic flagellar protein flhf, which is the third paralog of the signal recognition particle (srp) gtpases ffh and ftsy, is required for swarming in many bacteria. previous data showed that flhf is involved in the control of the number and positioning of flagell ... | 2016 | 27807433 |
| the multidrug resistance transporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2 play a role in virulence and biofilm formation in the human pathogen candida glabrata. | the mechanisms of persistence and virulence associated with candida glabrata infections are poorly understood, limiting the ability to fight this fungal pathogen. in this study, the multidrug resistance transporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2 are shown to play a role in c. glabrata virulence. the survival of the infection model galleria mellonella, infected with c. glabrata, was found to increase upon the deletion of either cgtpo1_1 or cgtpo1_2. the underlying mechanisms were further explored. in the ... | 2017 | 27780306 |
| the temperate burkholderia phage ap3 of the peduovirinae shows efficient antimicrobial activity against b. cenocepacia of the iiia lineage. | burkholderia phage ap3 (vb_bcem_ap3) is a temperate virus of the myoviridae and the peduovirinae subfamily (p2likevirus genus). this phage specifically infects multidrug-resistant clinical burkholderia cenocepacia lineage iiia strains commonly isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. ap3 exhibits high pairwise nucleotide identity (61.7 %) to burkholderia phage ks5, specific to the same b. cenocepacia host, and has 46.7-49.5 % identity to phages infecting other species of burkholderia. the lysis c ... | 2017 | 27770178 |
| identification and characterization of vni/vnii and novel vnii/vniv hybrids and impact of hybridization on virulence and antifungal susceptibility within the c. neoformans/c. gattii species complex. | cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii are pathogenic basidiomycetous yeasts and the commonest cause of fungal infection of the central nervous system. cryptococci are typically haploid but several inter-species, inter-varietal and intra-varietal hybrids have been reported. it has a bipolar mating system with sexual reproduction occurring normally between two individuals with opposite mating types, α and a. this study set out to characterize hybrid isolates within the c. neoformans/c. gattii spec ... | 2016 | 27764108 |
| multiple roles for a novel rnd-type efflux system in acinetobacter baumannii ab5075. | colony opacity phase variation in acinetobacter baumannii strain ab5075 is regulated by a reversible high-frequency switch. transposon mutagenesis was used to generate mutations that decreased the opaque to translucent switch and a gene encoding a predicted periplasmic membrane fusion component of a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd)-type efflux system was isolated. this gene was designated arpa and immediately downstream was a gene designated arpb that encodes a predicted membrane transp ... | 2016 | 27762102 |
| a novel fucose-binding lectin from photorhabdus luminescens (pll) with an unusual heptabladed β-propeller tetrameric structure. | photorhabdus luminescens is known for its symbiosis with the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its pathogenicity toward insect larvae. a hypothetical protein from p. luminescens was identified, purified from the native source, and characterized as an l-fucose-binding lectin, named p. luminescens lectin (pll). glycan array and biochemical characterization data revealed pll to be specific toward l-fucose and the disaccharide glycan 3,6-o-me2-glcβ1-4(2,3-o-me2)rhaα-o-(p-c6 ... | 2016 | 27758853 |
| synthesis of novel tetrazole derivatives and evaluation of their antifungal activity. | with the appearance of the antifungal resistance, novel antifungal agents need to be identified. in this context new 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole, benzoxazole or phenylsulfonyl moiety were synthesized by n-alkylation of aryltetrazole with 2-[(3-chloropropyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzothiazole or 2-[(3-chloropropyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzoxazole and michael-type addition of aryltetrazole to phenyl vinyl sulfone. the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were conf ... | 2016 | 27745991 |
| synergistic effect of pedalitin and amphotericin b against cryptococcus neoformans by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. | cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection responsible for high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. combination of antifungal substances is a promising way to increase the percentage of successful treatment. pedalitin (ped) is a natural substance obtained from pterogyne nitens. the aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of ped alone and in combination with amphotericin b (amb) in vitro and in vivo against cryptococcus spp. in the in vitro assay, minimum inhibito ... | 2016 | 27742203 |
| the group a streptococcus serotype m2 pilus plays a role in host cell adhesion and immune evasion. | group a streptococcus (gas), or streptococcus pyogenes, is a human pathogen that causes diseases ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to severe invasive diseases, such as toxic shock syndrome. each gas strain carries a particular pilus type encoded in the variable fibronectin-binding, collagen-binding, t antigen (fct) genomic region. here, we describe the functional analysis of the serotype m2 pilus encoded in the fct-6 region. we found that, in contrast to other investigated gas pili, t ... | 2017 | 27741558 |
| effect of novel triazole-amino acid hybrids on growth and virulence of candida species: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the increasing incidence of human candidiasis and the tendency of candida species to become resistant to existing chemotherapies are well-recognized health problems. the present study demonstrates the successful synthesis of novel triazole-amino acid hybrids with potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against candida species. particularly, compounds 68 and 70 showed potent in vitro activity against fluconazole (flc) resistant as well as sensitive clinical isolates of candida albicans. t ... | 2016 | 27735963 |
| haemocoel injection of pira1b1 to galleria mellonella larvae leads to disruption of the haemocyte immune functions. | the bacterium photorhabdus luminescens produces a number of insecticidal proteins to kill its larval prey. in this study, we cloned the gene coding for a binary toxin pira1b1 and purified the recombinant protein using affinity chromatography combined with desalination technology. furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the recombinant protein against the haemocytes of galleria mellonella larvae was investigated. we found that the protein had haemocoel insecticidal activity against g. mellonella with an ... | 2016 | 27734915 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibits candida albicans virulence factors in vitro and modulates immune system in galleria mellonella. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-candida effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 9595 on candida albicans atcc 18804 using in vitro and in vivo models. | 2017 | 27727499 |
| a naturally occurring antibody fragment neutralizes infectivity of diverse infectious agents. | a phosphorylated peptide, named k40h, derived from the constant region of igms was detected in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. synthetic k40h proved to exert a potent in vitro activity against fungal pathogens, and to inhibit hiv-1 replication in vitro and ex vivo. it also showed a therapeutic effect against an experimental infection by candida albicans in the invertebrate model galleria mellonella. k40h represents the proof of concept of the in ... | 2016 | 27725769 |
| galleria mellonella hemocytes: a novel phagocytic assay for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | galleria mellonella is an excellent invertebrate model for the study of diseases that involve interactions with cells from the innate immune system, since they have an innate immune system capable of recognizing the pathogens. here we present for the first time, an alternative model for an in vitro phagocytic assay using hemocytes of g. mellonella larvae to study infection by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. we showed that the insect phagocytic cells were able to engulf promastigotes. furtherm ... | 2016 | 27713019 |
| genome-wide transcriptome analysis of aspergillus fumigatus exposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are saka(hog1) and mpkc dependent. | invasive aspergillosis is predominantly caused by aspergillus fumigatus, and adaptations to stresses experienced within the human host are a prerequisite for the survival and virulence strategies of the pathogen. the central signal transduction pathway operating during hyperosmotic stress is the high osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. a. fumigatus mpkc and saka, orthologues of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hog1p, constitute the primary regulator of the hyperosmotic stre ... | 2017 | 27706915 |
| transcript abundance of photorhabdus insect-related (pir) toxin in manduca sexta and galleria mellonella infections. | in this study, we assessed pirab toxin transcription in photorhabdus luminescens laumondii (strain tt01) (enterobacteriaceae) by comparing mrna abundance under in vivo and in vitro conditions. in vivo assays considered both natural and forced infections with two lepidopteran hosts: galleria mellonella and manduca sexta. three portals of entry were utilized for the forced infection assays: (a) integument; (b) the digestive route (via mouth and anus); and (c) the tracheal route (via spiracles). we ... | 2016 | 27690103 |
| preparation, characterization and in vivo antimycobacterial studies of panchovillin-chitosan nanocomposites. | chitosan (cs, molecular weight 20.2 kda, degree of deacylation (dd) 73.31%) was successfully obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) shell wastes. the encapsulation of the bioactive natural product, panchovillin (panv), isolated from erythrina schliebenii, on a chitosan-tripolyphosphate (cs/tpp) nano-framework was achieved by ionotropic gelation. characterization of pure cs, cs/tpp and panv-cs/tpp nanocomposites was performed by ftir, sem and xrd. the mol ... | 2016 | 27689997 |
| punica granatum l. (pomegranate) extract: in vivo study of antimicrobial activity against porphyromonas gingivalis in galleria mellonella model. | due to the increase of bacterial resistance, medicinal alternatives are being explored. punica granatum l. is an effective herbal extract with broad spectrum of action and bactericidal, antifungal, anthelmintic potential and being able to modulate the immune response. the aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate glycolic extract (pge) against the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis by using galleria mellonella as in vivo model. fifteen larvae were used per group. i ... | 2017 | 27668280 |
| variation of burkholderia cenocepacia virulence potential during cystic fibrosis chronic lung infection. | during long-term lung infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, burkholderia cenocepacia faces multiple selective pressures in this highly stressful and fluctuating environment. as a consequence, the initial infecting strain undergoes genetic changes that result in the diversification of genotypes and phenotypes. whether this clonal expansion influences the pathogenic potential is unclear. the virulence potential of 39 sequential b. cenocepacia (reca lineage iiia) isolates, corresponding to 3 ... | 2016 | 27652671 |
| raf-kinase inhibitor gw5074 shows antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and potentiates the activity of gentamicin. | increasing antimicrobial resistance has compromised the effectiveness of many antibiotics, including those used to treat staphylococcal infections like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. the development of combination therapies, where antimicrobial agents are used with compounds that inhibit resistance pathways is a promising strategy. results/methodology: the raf kinase inhibitor gw5074 exhibited selective in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria, including clinical isolates o ... | 2016 | 27652456 |
| molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus deneoformans isolated in seville, spain. | cryptococcal meningitis is one of the leading causes of death in hiv/aids patients. our aim was to in order to characterise the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility pattern and virulence of 28 cyptococcus sp. strains recovered from 12 aids patients during two years in a spanish single institution. antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the clsi protocols. clinical strains were molecularly characterised by serotyping, mating type, pcr fingerprinting (m13 and gaca4 microsa ... | 2017 | 27633849 |
| 'get in early'; biofilm and wax moth (galleria mellonella) models reveal new insights into the therapeutic potential of clostridium difficile bacteriophages. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a global health threat associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. conventional antibiotic cdi therapy can result in treatment failure and recurrent infection. c. difficile produces biofilms which contribute to its virulence and impair antimicrobial activity. some bacteriophages (phages) can penetrate biofilms and thus could be developed to either replace or supplement antibiotics. here, we determined the impact of a previously optimized 4-phag ... | 2016 | 27630633 |
| investigating the effect of different treatments with lactic acid bacteria on the fate of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus infection in galleria mellonella larvae. | the use of galleria mellonella as a model host to elucidate microbial pathogenesis and search for novel drugs and therapies has been well appreciated over the past years. however, the effect of microorganisms with functional appeal in the specific host remains scarce. the present study investigates the effect of treatment with selected lactic acid bacteria (lab) with probiotic potential, as potential protective agents by using live or heat-killed cells at 6 and 24 h prior to infection with liste ... | 2016 | 27618619 |
| antifungal effect of novel 2-bromo-2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethanone against candida strains. | we investigated the antifungal activity of novel a 2-bromo-2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethanone (compound 4). the synthesis of compound 4 was commenced from sodium 4-chlorobenzene sulfinate and the final product was obtained by treatment of α-chloro-β-keto-sulfone with sodium hypobromite. the sensitivity of 63 clinical isolates belonging to the most relevant candida species toward compound 4 using the method m27-a3 was evaluated. we observed among most of the clinical strains of ... | 2016 | 27610100 |
| ingestion of the anti-bacterial agent, gemifloxacin mesylate, leads to increased gst activity and peroxidation products in hemolymph of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | gemifloxacin mesylate (gem) is a synthetic, fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial antibiotic that has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria. gem inhibits dna synthesis by inhibiting dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv activities. recent research into insect nutrition and mass-rearing programs, in which antibiotics are incorporated into the culture media to maintain diet quality, raised a question of whether clinical antibiotics influence the health or biological performance of the ... | 2016 | 27588824 |
| characterization of gprk encoding a putative hybrid g-protein-coupled receptor in aspergillus fumigatus. | the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family represents the largest and most varied collection of membrane embedded proteins that are sensitized by ligand binding and interact with heterotrimeric g proteins. despite their presumed critical roles in fungal biology, the functions of the gpcr family members in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus are largely unknown, as only two (gprc and gprd) of the 15 predicted gpcrs have been studied. here, we characterize the gprk gene, which ... | 2016 | 27584150 |
| the shigella prou system is required for osmotic tolerance and virulence. | to cope with hyperosmotic stress encountered in the environments and in the host, the pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic microbes use diverse transport systems to obtain osmoprotectants. to study the role of shigella sonnei prou system in response to hyperosmotic stress and virulence, we constructed deletion and complementation strains of prov and used an rnai approach to silence the whole prou operon. we compared the response between wild type and the mutants to the hyperosmotic pressure in v ... | 2016 | 27558288 |
| comparative pathogenicity of united kingdom isolates of the emerging pathogen candida auris and other key pathogenic candida species. | candida auris, first described in 2009, has since emerged as an important, multidrug-resistant, nosocomial agent of candidemia, with large outbreaks reported worldwide and high mortality rates associated with therapeutic failure. the current study employed c. auris isolates from a variety of centers in the united kingdom to evaluate the pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen compared to that of other common pathogenic yeast species in the invertebrate galleria mellonella infection model. we sho ... | 2017 | 27547827 |
| phylogenetic structure and habitat associations of beauveria species isolated from soils in slovakia. | the phylogenetic structure of 109 soil-borne entomopathogenic beauveria isolates acquired using the galleria mellonella bait method from different habitat types in slovakia was determined by sequence analysis of their its and bloc loci. three beauveria species were identified; beauveria bassiana, b. pseudobassiana and b. brongniartii, represented by 51.4%, 43.1% and 5.5% of acquired isolates, respectively, which were resolved into 15, 1 and 1 distinguishable haplotypes. correlation analysis with ... | 2016 | 27546863 |