Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| mixture toxicity of four commonly used pesticides at different effect levels to the epigeic earthworm, eisenia fetida. | as commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (cpf), fenobucarb (fen), clothianidin (clo) and acetochlor (ace) are widely applied on crops worldwide. in this study, the combined toxicities of their binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures were evaluated using the earthworm eisenia fetida as test organism. mixture toxicities were studied using the combination index (ci) method and visualized by isobolograms, and then data were compared with traditional concentration addition (ca) and independent actio ... | 2017 | 28384501 |
| a brief review and evaluation of earthworm biomarkers in soil pollution assessment. | earthworm biomarker response to pollutants has been widely investigated in the assessment of soil pollution. however, whether and how the earthworm biomarker-approach can be actually applied to soil pollution assessment is still a controversial issue. this review is concerned about the following points: 1. despite much debate, biomarker is valuable to ecotoxicology and biomarker approach has been properly used in different fields. earthworm biomarker might be used in different scenarios such as ... | 2017 | 28382452 |
| cloning and expression of a chitinase gene from eisenia fetida. | chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and is an important resource. in this study, we identified a chitinase gene, named eisenia fetida-chitinase (ef-chi) gene, of 1494 base pairs (bp) that encodes a protein of 498 amino acids as indicated by the corresponding mrna sequence. the amino acid sequence of ef-chi was similar to those of chitinases from eisenia andrei (99%), branchiostoma floridae (50%) and oryzias latipes (49%), and a gene encoding mature ef-chi was expressed in the ... | 2017 | 28373044 |
| effects of silver nanoparticles on survival, biomass change and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm allolobophora chlorotica. | increasing commercial application of silver nanoparticles (ag np) and subsequent presence in wastewater and sewage sludge has raised concerns regarding their effects in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. several studies have employed standardised acute and chronic earthworm-based tests to establish the toxicological effects of ag np within soil. these studies have relied heavily on the use of epigiec earthworm species which may have limited ecological relevance in mineral soil. this study ... | 2017 | 28319860 |
| toxicity effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to eisenia fetida at enzyme, cellular and genetic levels. | di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) is a dominant phthalic acid ester (pae) that has aroused public concern due to its resistance to degradation and its toxicity as an endocrine-disrupting compound. effects of different concentrations of dehp on eisenia fetida in spiked natural soil have been studied in the body of the earthworm by means of soil cultivation tests 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after exposure. the results indicated that, in general, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, malondialdehyde (mda ... | 2017 | 28319143 |
| responses to silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate in a battery of biomarkers measured in coelomocytes and in target tissues of eisenia fetida earthworms. | the current use and development of applications with silver nanoparticles (ag nps) could lead to potential inputs of these nps to soils. consequently, it is crucial to understand the ecotoxicological risks posed by ag nps in the terrestrial compartment. in the present investigation, the effects produced by pvp-pei coated ag nps were assessed in eisenia fetida earthworms in comparison with the soluble form (agno3). earthworms were exposed for 1, 3 and 14 days to a range of sublethal concentration ... | 2017 | 28314142 |
| comparison of vermicompost characteristics produced from sewage sludge of wood and paper industry and household solid wastes. | the aim of this study was to determine the potential of produced compost from the sludge of wastewater treatment plant using earthworms and compare it with the vermicompost produced from household solid waste. | 2017 | 28286658 |
| organic wastes as soil amendments - effects assessment towards soil invertebrates. | using organic wastes, as soil amendments, is an important alternative to landfilling with benefits to soil structure, water retention, soil nutrient and organic matter concentrations. however, this practice should be monitored for its environmental risk due to the frequent presence, of noxious substances to soil organisms. to evaluate the potential of eight organic wastes with different origins, as soil amendments, reproduction tests with four soil invertebrate species (folsomia candida, enchytr ... | 2017 | 28279835 |
| proposed modification to avoidance test with eisenia fetida to assess metal toxicity in agricultural soils affected by mining activities. | use of avoidance tests is a quick and cost-effective method of assessing contaminants in soils. one option for assessing earthworm avoidance behavior is a two-section test, which consists of earthworms being given the choice to move between a test soil and a control substrate. for ecological relevance, tested soils should be field-contaminated soils. for practical reasons, artificial soils are commonly used as the control substrate. interpretation of the test results compromised when the test so ... | 2017 | 28267652 |
| ecotoxicity of selected antibiotics for organisms of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. | the aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicity of selected antibiotics (i.e. penicillin g, vancomycin and tetracycline) using ecotoxicological tests. tests were conducted on organisms representing all trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem, namely producers (green freshwater algae pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), consumers (water fleas daphnia magna) and decomposers (bacteria vibrio fischeri). the effect of antibiotics on the representative of edaphon was measured by testing the inhibitio ... | 2016 | 28263529 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioavailability in industrial and agricultural soils: linking spme and tenax extraction with bioassays. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in industrial and agricultural soils using chemical methods and a bioassay, and to study the relationships between the methods. this was conducted by comparing the quantities of pahs extracted from two manufactured gas plant (mgp) soils and an agricultural soil with low level contamination by solid-phase micro-extraction (spme) and tenax-ta extraction with the quantities taken up by the earthwo ... | 2017 | 28260684 |
| biochemical and genetic toxicity of dinotefuran on earthworms (eisenia fetida). | dinotefuran is a third-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, that is considered promising due to its excellent properties. in the present work, the biochemical and genetic toxicity of dinotefuran on earthworms were evaluated at a series of environmental background concentrations. meanwhile, the effective concentrations of dinotefuran in artificial soil during the entire exposure period were monitored. the present results showed that dinotefuran was stable in artificial soil, and its concentratio ... | 2017 | 28260655 |
| de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation and differential gene expression analysis of juvenile and adult e. fetida, a model oligochaete used in ecotoxicological studies. | earthworms are sensitive to toxic chemicals present in the soil and so are useful indicator organisms for soil health. eisenia fetida are commonly used in ecotoxicological studies; therefore the assembly of a baseline transcriptome is important for subsequent analyses exploring the impact of toxin exposure on genome wide gene expression. | 2017 | 28241869 |
| earthworms change the quantity and composition of dissolved organic carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions during composting. | dissolved organic carbon (doc) has recently been proposed as an indicator of compost stability. we assessed the earthworms' effect on doc content and composition during composting, and linked compost stability to greenhouse gas emissions and feeding ratio. earthworms reduced total doc content, indicating larger stability of vermicompost than of thermophilic compost. the concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were reduced by earthworms, whereas there was no significant effect on hydrophobic ... | 2017 | 28228360 |
| the effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on copper toxicity in e. fetida in an acute exposure system. | in the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (oas) on the toxicity of copper (cu) to the earthworm eisenia fetida (e. fetida) were investigated in a simulated soil solution. we exposed e. fetida to soil solution containing cu and a variety of oas (acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and edta). we found that the addition of oas reduced the toxicity of cu to e. fetida, where the reduction was strongest in edta and weakest in acetic acid. these compounds decreased the ... | 2017 | 28214934 |
| combined toxicity of imidacloprid and three insecticides to the earthworm, eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). | although the earthworm eisenia fetida has been used in many ecotoxicological studies in recent years, most of these studies have only focused on assessing the effects of individual insecticides. in the present study, we aimed to compare the individual and combined toxic effects of imidacloprid and three insecticides (phoxim, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin) on e. fetida. we showed that imidacloprid had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the worms in filter paper contact test, followed by pho ... | 2017 | 28210953 |
| distribution, isomerization and enantiomer selectivity of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) diastereoisomers in different tissue and subcellular fractions of earthworms. | in this study, earthworms eisenia fetida (e. fetida) were exposed to a soil artificially contaminated with individual hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) diastereoisomers (α-, β- and γ-hbcds) to investigate the distribution, isomerization and enantiomer selectivity of hbcds at tissue and subcellular levels. at the tissue level, the concentrations of hbcds all followed the order of gut>bodyfluid>body wall, which suggested that earthworms accumulated hbcds mainly via ingesting soil particles. at the sub ... | 2017 | 28183046 |
| addition of cattle manure to sheep bedding allows vermicomposting process and improves vermicompost quality. | animal waste is usually a good substrate for vermicomposting. however, numerous animal husbandry systems use bedding that consists primarily of lignocellulosic substrates, which hinders earthworm and microorganism's development and thus, the entire bioconversion process. one possible solution is to mix the used bedding with other waste materials that are more amenable to earthworm ingestion and can provide better conditions for earthworm population growth. here, we have aimed to examine the effe ... | 2017 | 28169054 |
| the response of earthworms (eisenia fetida) and soil microbes to the crumb rubber material used in artificial turf fields. | municipalities have been replacing grass fields with artificial turf, which uses crumb rubber infill made from recycled tires. crumb rubber contains hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and heavy metals. water runoff from crumb rubber fields contains heavy metals. these components can damage the environment. we contaminated topsoil with new crumb rubber and measured its impact on earthworms and soil microbes. specifically, we compared soil microbe activity and earthworm health, survivorship, and lon ... | 2017 | 28142114 |
| management of food and vegetable processing waste spiked with buffalo waste using earthworms (eisenia fetida). | the present investigation was focused on the vermicomposting of food and vegetable processing waste (vw) mixed with buffalo dung (bw) under laboratory condition employing eisenia fetida earthworm species. four different proportions of vw and bw were prepared and subjected to vermicomposting after 3 weeks of pre-composting. after vermicomposting, nitrogen (7.82-20.73 g/kg), total available phosphate (4.80-11.74 g/kg) and total potassium (7.43-12.75 g/kg) content increased significantly as compare ... | 2017 | 28130724 |
| life cycle toxicity assessment of earthworms exposed to cadmium-contaminated soils. | cadmium (cd) is of great concern in the soil environment and it can damage terrestrial organisms. the purpose of this study was to employ a toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic (tk/td) approach to investigate the effects of toxicologically relevant cd accumulation on the life cycle growth of earthworms (lumbricus rubellus and eisenia fetida) and to assess potential terrestrial ecosystem risk. we reanalyzed growth toxicity and whole body and pellet accumulation data linked with tk/td and life cycle growth ... | 2017 | 28130694 |
| evaluation of complex toxicity of canbon nanotubes and sodium pentachlorophenol based on earthworm coelomocytes test. | as a standard testing organism in soil ecosystems, the earthworm eisenia fetida has been used widely in toxicity studies. however, tests at the individual level are time- and animal-consuming, with limited sensitivity. earthworm coelomocytes are important for the assimilation and elimination of exogenous compounds and play a key role in the processes of phagocytosis and inflammation. in this study, we explored an optimal condition to culture coelomocytes of e. fetida in vitro and investigated th ... | 2017 | 28125623 |
| effects of rhamnolipid and microbial inoculants on the vermicomposting of green waste with eisenia fetida. | the effects of adding the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, the lignolytic and cellulolytic fungus phanerochete chrysosporium, and the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium azotobacter chrococcum on vermicomposting of green waste with eisenia fetida was investigated. the addition of rhamnolipid and/or either microorganism alone or in all combinations significantly increased e. fetida growth rate, the number of e. fetida juveniles and cocoons, the population densities of cellulolytic fungi and azotobact ... | 2017 | 28122059 |
| allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds from eucalyptus grandis rhizosphere soil on eisenia fetida assessed using avoidance bioassays, enzyme activity, and comet assays. | allelopathy has been identified as an underlying mechanism of detrimental environmental impacts within commercial plantations. eucalyptus spp. are known to generate huge amounts of volatile organic compounds (vocs) that can function as phytotoxins and thus inhibit other plants. in the present study, biochemical markers, including activities of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and oxidative stress enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), were assayed to assess c ... | 2017 | 28113065 |
| effects of cry1ab bt maize straw return on bacterial community of earthworm eisenia fetida. | the eco-toxicological effects of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize on earthworm life-history traits were widely studied and the results were controversial, while their effects on earthworm bacterial community have been rarely studied. here, effects of two hybrids of bt maize [5422bt1 (event bt11) and 5422cbcl (mon810)] straw return on eisenia fetida bacterial community were investigated by the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gra ... | 2017 | 28104475 |
| toxicological effects of aflatoxin b1 on the earthworm eisenia fetida as determined in a contact paper test. | in this study, aflatoxin b1 (afb1) toxicity toward the earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny 1826) was evaluated in contact paper test systems containing distilled water and ethanol or 20 to 400 μg/ml of afb1 over 72 h of exposure. the results indicated that afb1 could induce significant damage to earthworms (coiling, curling, excessive mucus secretion, clitellum swelling) at greater than 75 μg/ml. moreover, afb1 had harmful effects on e. fetida (degenerative changes such as bulging of the clitella ... | 2017 | 28083735 |
| effects of the amendment of biochars and carbon nanotubes on the bioavailability of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in soil to ecologically different species of earthworms. | biochar is a promising material used in soil amendment and carbon nanotubes may enter soil due to its increasing application. these carbonaceous materials may change the bioavailability of pollutants in soil. in this concern, 0.5% w/w multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and 3 corn-straw biochars acquired at different pyrolyzing temperatures were used in soil amendment and their influences on the bioavailability of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), a brominated flame retardant, to 2 ecologicall ... | 2017 | 28057373 |
| differential protein expression and localization of cyp450 enzymes in three species of earthworm; is this a reflection of environmental adaptation? | cytochrome p450 (cyp450) is a hemoprotein superfamily, among which cyp1, cyp2 and cyp3 play a major role in the metabolism of vast array of xenobiotics and endobiotics. this paper reports on three cyp enzyme variants (cyp1a2, cyp2e1 and cyp3a4) in three species of earthworm (eisenia fetida, metaphire guillelmi and amynthas carnosus). the relative expression levels and localization of the three associated proteins were investigated at three life-cycle points (juvenile, sub-adult and adult), throu ... | 2017 | 28038420 |
| evaluation of combined noxious effects of siduron and cadmium on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | environmental contaminants do not often occur as individual chemicals but rather in complex mixtures whose joint effects can create a strong toxicity to surrounding organisms. to determine the combined harmful effects of siduron (herbicide) and cadmium (heavy metal) toward eisenia fetida earthworms, samples of worm's coelomocytes were subjected to siduron and cadmium (cd) at sublethal concentrations (lower than lc50)-siduron 0, 0.8, 2.4, and 7.2 μg cm(-2) cd 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 μg cm(-2) in fil ... | 2017 | 28013463 |
| nadph-diaphorase histochemistry selectively stains peripheral and central sensory structures of lumbricid earhworms. | by means of whole mount nadph-diaphorase histochemistry the distribution pattern of primary sensory cells (psc) and the pathway of their central processes in the ventral nerve cord (vnc) ganglia were investigated in the lumbricid earthworms, eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris. the distribution pattern of the stained structures seemed to be the same in both species investigated. strong labelling occurred in sensory fibre branches of segmental nerves and in each of the sensory longitudinal ax ... | 2016 | 28000510 |
| earthworms (eisenia fetida) demonstrate potential for use in soil bioremediation by increasing the degradation rates of heavy crude oil hydrocarbons. | crude oil contamination widely impacts soil as a result of release during oil and gas exploration and production activities. the success of bioremediation methods to meet remediation goals often depends on the composition of the crude oil, the soil, and microbial community. earthworms may enhance bioremediation by mixing and aerating the soil, and exposing soil microorganisms to conditions in the earthworm gut that lead to increased activity. in this study, the common composting earthworm eiseni ... | 2017 | 27979622 |
| uptake and bioaccumulation of pcdd/fs in earthworms after in situ and in vitro exposure to soil from a contaminated sawmill site. | uptake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) was studied in earthworms collected from a sawmill site in sweden with severe pcdd/fs contamination (the hot spot concentration was 690,000ng teqwho2005/kg d.w.) in order to investigate the transfer of pcdd/fs from the site to the biota. pcdd/fs concentrations in the collected earthworms were compared to pcdd/fs concentrations in laboratory exposed earthworms (eisenia fetida), which were exposed to contaminat ... | 2017 | 27964988 |
| nanoparticle silver coexposure reduces the accumulation of weathered persistent pesticides by earthworms. | although the use of engineered nanomaterials continues to increase, how these materials interact with coexisting contaminants in the environment is largely unknown. the effect of silver (ag) in bulk, ionic, and nanoparticle (np; bare and polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated) forms at 3 concentrations (0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg; ion at 69 mg/kg, 138 mg/kg, 276 mg/kg) on the accumulation of field-weathered chlordane and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene + metabolites (ddx) by eisenia fetid ... | 2016 | 27925275 |
| biochar amendment for integrated composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge - the effect of biochar on the activity of eisenia fetida and the obtained vermicompost. | sewage sludge derived biochar (ssdb) was used as a supplementary material for municipal sewage sludge (ss) and wood chips mixtures (wc) treated by combined composting and vermicomposting. ssdb added to the mixture before composting resulted in significantly higher reproduction rate: on week 4 the number of cocoons increased by 213% when compared to the mixture with no biochar. on week 6 the average number of juveniles increased 11-fold in the mixture with biochar added before composting and 5-fo ... | 2017 | 27894039 |
| toxicological effects of dimethomorph on soil enzymatic activity and soil earthworm (eisenia fetida). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the fungicide dimethomorph to soil microbial activity and the earthworm eisenia fetida. multiple biomarkers, namely, four soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, invertase, and acid phosphatase), four earthworm biochemical indices (dismutase, catalase, cellulase, and malondialdehyde), and the transcriptional levels of both target genes (dismutase and catalase) were measured at 1, 10, and 100 mg kg(-1) after 1, 7, 21, and 28 days. the degra ... | 2017 | 27886533 |
| influence of cadmium(ii) ions and brewery sludge on metallothionein level in earthworms (eisenia fetida) - bio- transforming of toxic wastes. | metallothioneins belong to a group of intracellular, high molecular andcysteine-rich proteins whose content in an organism increase with increasing concentrationof a heavy metal. the aim of this work was to apply the electrochemical analysis for theanalysis of metallothioneins in earthworms exposed to cadmium ions and brewery sludge.here we utilized adsorptive transfer technique coupled with differential pulse voltammetrybrdicka reaction to determine metallothionein in different biological sampl ... | 2008 | 27879751 |
| bioaccumulation and toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron in an earthworm-soil system. | in this study, the bioaccumulation and toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) (1 and 10 mg kg(-1)) were investigated in the earthworm eisenia fetida in the presence of different levels of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi) (100, 500, and 1000 mg kg(-1)) in an earthworm-soil system. the results demonstrated that compared to single bde209 exposure, the addition of high levels of nzvi significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited growth and respiration, while increased the avoidance response of eart ... | 2017 | 27863305 |
| effects of earthworms on nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in vermicomposting systems for recycling of fruit and vegetable wastes. | although it is known that earthworms enrich the nitrate content in their final products, the detailed mechanisms behind this are not well understood, and this is important for determining the agricultural value of vermicomposting. hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of earthworms on ammonia oxidization and to clarify the functions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea (aob and aoa) during vermicomposting of fruit and vegetable wastes (fvws). for this, two dry systems using dry ... | 2017 | 27842968 |
| the biochemical and toxicological responses of earthworm (eisenia fetida) following exposure to nanoscale zerovalent iron in a soil system. | nanomaterials have increasingly gained a great amount of interest due to their widespread applications, while their potential impacts on invertebrates in soil lack thorough investigation. this study is mainly aimed at determining the acute and subacute toxicity to the earthworm eisenia fetida, induced by different levels of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nzvi) (100, 500, 1000 mg kg(-1)) in natural soils. the results showed that compared to the controls, exposure to 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) of nzvi sig ... | 2017 | 27822688 |
| responses of earthworms and microbial communities in their guts to triclosan. | responses of the earthworm (eisenia fetida) and compositions of associated microbial communities were determined after exposure to various concentrations of triclosan (tcs) for 7 d. concentrations of tcs were greater in intestines than in epidermis of earthworms, which suggested that earthworms accumulate tcs mainly by ingestion rather than by epidermic penetration. exposure to tcs caused a concentration-dependent increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (sod ... | 2017 | 27810239 |
| effects of bifenthrin exposure in soil on whole-organism endpoints and biomarkers of earthworm eisenia fetida. | in this study, toxic effects of bifenthrin in soil on earthworms were evaluated by acute and chronic toxic endpoints combined with a set of biomarkers. bifenthrin was moderately toxic in 72-h filter paper test and low toxic in 14-d soil test. the exposure of earthworms to bifenthrin-polluted soil for 8 weeks showed that cocoons were inhibited by high dose of bifenthrin, and larvae were stimulated by low dose but inhibited by high dose of bifenthrin. furthermore, 28-d soil test on the responses o ... | 2017 | 27776237 |
| mercury toxicity to eisenia fetida in three different soils. | three different soils were spiked with 12 different concentrations of inorganic mercury (hg). sub-chronic hg toxicity tests were carried out with eisenia fetida in spiked soils by exposing the worms for 28 days following standard procedures. the toxicity studies revealed that hg exerted less lethal effect on earthworms in acidic soil with higher organic carbon (s-3 soil) where water soluble hg recovery was very low compared to the water soluble hg fractions in soils with less organic carbon and ... | 2017 | 27770329 |
| data on proteins of lysenin family in coelomocytes of eisenia andrei and e. fetida obtained by tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. | the data described are related to the article "lysenin family proteins in earthworm coelomocytes - comparative approach" (b. swiderska, s. kedracka-krok, t. panz, a.j. morgan, a. falniowski, p.grzmil, b. plytycz, 2016) [1]. lysenin family proteins were identified based on unique peptides sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (lc-ms/ms) in lumbricid earthworms eisenia andrei and e. fetida, the latter with or without the mug-like fluorophore. lysenin and lysenin- ... | 2016 | 27766293 |
| combined effects of chlorpyriphos, copper and temperature on acetylcholinesterase activity and toxicokinetics of the chemicals in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | in polluted environments organisms are commonly exposed to a combination of chemicals with different modes of action, and their effects can be additionally modified by natural abiotic conditions. one possible mechanism for interactions in mixtures is via toxicokinetics, as chemicals may alter the uptake, distribution, biotransformation and/or elimination of each other, and all these processes can be affected by temperature. in this study, the effect of temperature (t) on the toxicokinetics of co ... | 2017 | 27743795 |
| changes in the bacterial community structure of remediated anthracene-contaminated soils. | mixing soil or adding earthworms (eisenia fetida (savigny, 1826)) accelerated the removal of anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, from a pasture and an arable soil, while a non-ionic surfactant (surfynol® 485) inhibited the removal of the contaminant compared to the untreated soil. it was unclear if the treatments affected the soil bacterial community and consequently the removal of anthracene. therefore, the bacterial community structure was monitored by means of 454 pyrosequencing of ... | 2016 | 27727277 |
| excellent n-fixing and p-solubilizing traits in earthworm gut-isolated bacteria: a vermicompost based assessment with vegetable market waste and rice straw feed mixtures. | vermicomposting is a dependable waste recycling technology which greatly augments n and p levels mainly through microbial action. this paper aims to identify efficient n-fixing (nfb) and p-solubilizing (psb) bacteria from earthworm intestines. various combinations of vegetable market waste, rice straw, and cowdung were fed to two earthworm species (eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus). total organic c decreased, ph shifted towards neutrality, and npk availability, and microbial (nfb, psb, and ... | 2016 | 27718399 |
| nutrient changes and biodynamics of eisenia fetida during vermicomposting of water lettuce (pistia sp.) biomass: a noxious weed of aquatic system. | this paper reports the results of vermicomposting of water lettuce biomass (wl) spiked with cow dung at ratios of 20, 40, 60, and 80 % employing eisenia fetida. a total of four treatments were established and changes in chemical properties of mixtures were observed. vermicomposting caused a decrease in ph, toc, volatile solids, and c/n ratio by 1.01-1.08-fold, 0.85-0.92-fold, 0.94-0.96-fold, 0.56-0.70-fold, respectively, but increase in ec, totn, totp, totk, totca, totzn, totfe, and totcu, by 1. ... | 2017 | 27709429 |
| biomarkers indicate mixture toxicities of fluorene and phenanthrene with endosulfan toward earthworm (eisenia fetida). | α-endosulfan and some polycyclic aromatic compounds (pahs) are persistent in the environment and can reach crop products via contaminated agricultural soils. they may even be present as mixtures in the soil and induce mixture toxicity in soil organisms such as earthworms. in this study, the combined toxicities of pahs with α-endosulfan were determined in eisenia fetida adults using an artificial soil system. α-endosulfan and five pahs were tested for their acute toxicity toward e. fetida in arti ... | 2017 | 27696228 |
| avoidance behavior of eisenia fetida in oxytetracycline- and heavy metal-contaminated soils. | to determine the behavior of oxytetracycline (otc) and heavy metals in soil, this study assessed the pollutant-induced avoidance behavior of earthworms (e. fetida) exposed to zinc (zn(2+)), lead (pb(2+)), and otc in soil. the results showed a clear avoidance response within 48h of exposure to the highest concentrations of pollutants. moreover, e. fetida was shown to be more sensitive to zn(2+) than to pb(2+) and otc. compared with otc alone, the net response of earthworms increased in the otc-zn ... | 2016 | 27665306 |
| toxicity and physiological effect of quercetin on generalist herbivore, spodoptera litura fab. and a non-target earthworm eisenia fetida savigny. | a novel flavonoid, quercetin, was isolated from the medicinal plant euphorbia hirta l. through chromatography techniques including: tlc, column chromatography, nmr and then screened for toxicity to larvae of spodoptera litura fab. bioassays were used to analyze pupal weight, survival rate, fecundity, egg hatchability, population growth index, nutritional index and histopathology of treated larvae at a range of e. hirta extract concentrations. results of toxicity assays demonstrated that, 6 ppm o ... | 2016 | 27657818 |
| substrate removal kinetics and performance assessment of a vermifilter bioreactor under organic shock load conditions. | in the present study, the effect of short-term organic shock loads (675, 799, 1,084 and 1,410 mg cod/l) on the treatment performance of a pilot-scale vermifilter (vf), employing an epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida and treating synthetic domestic wastewater is investigated. the effect of organic shock loads on the performance and stability of vermifiltration reactor was evaluated to identify its feasibility in actual field conditions. prior to the application of each organic shock load, normal lo ... | 2016 | 27642837 |
| uptake and metabolism of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol in soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida) and soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) systems. | the behavior of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (10:2 ftoh) in the systems of soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida), soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and soil-earthworm-wheat, including degradation in soil, uptake and metabolism in wheat and earthworms were investigated. several perfluorocarboxylic acids (pfcas) as degradation products of 10:2 ftoh were identified in the soil, plant and earthworms. 10:2 ftoh could be biodegraded to perfluorooctanoate (pfoa), perfluorononanate (pfna) and perfluorodecanoate ... | 2017 | 27639617 |
| oxidative stress responses and insights into the sensitivity of the earthworms metaphire guillelmi and eisenia fetida to soil cadmium. | soil toxicological tests are commonly performed using eisenia fetida as the standard earthworm species, but it is tolerant to a wide range of pollutants. therefore, the inclusion of susceptible species is crucial for the accurate estimation of soil contamination. in this study, we examined the sensitivity to soil cadmium (cd) of anecic metaphire guillelmi and epigeic e. fetida by measuring multiple indexes of oxidative stress. using subcellular partitioning analysis, we further elucidated the in ... | 2017 | 27639467 |
| is the risk for soil arthropods covered by new data requirements under the eu ppp regulation no. 1107/2009? | testing of effects on earthworms and non-target foliar arthropods is an integral part of the ecotoxicological risk assessment for the authorization of plant protection products. according to the new data requirements, which came into force in 2014 for active substances and in 2016 for plant protection products, the chronic earthworm toxicity test with eisenia fetida based on reproductive, growth, and behavioral effects instead of the acute earthworm toxicity test based on mortality, has to be co ... | 2016 | 27628914 |
| uptake route and resulting toxicity of silver nanoparticles in eisenia fetida earthworm exposed through standard oecd tests. | despite the increasing interest in silver nanoparticles toxicity still few works dealt with the hazards of nanosized ag in soils (either dissolved in pore water or coupled to colloids) although disposal of biosolids in landfills has been reported as the major source of silver nanoparticles in terrestrial environments. presently, eisenia fetida was used to assess the toxicity of 5 nm sized pvp-pei coated silver nanoparticles in soil through the implementation of different exposure media standard ... | 2016 | 27614742 |
| oxidative stress of imidaclothiz on earthworm eisenia fetida. | imidaclothiz, a kind of neonicotinoid insecticides, is developed as a commercial pesticide in china and used for the control of sucking and biting insects, including aphids, whiteflies, beetles and some lepidoptera species as well. in recent years, more and more attention has been focused on the adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on non-target organisms. in this study, inhibition effects of imidaclothiz and recovery capacity of molecular biomarkers (gst, ce, cat, sod and pod activity, ... | 2017 | 27612665 |
| chemosensory cues alter earthworm (eisenia fetida) avoidance of lead-contaminated soil. | earthworms were shown to significantly avoid soils spiked with pb at concentrations lower than or comparable to concentrations that demonstrate significant effects for other endpoints. it was also shown that inclusion of a microorganism-produced volatile compound that attracts earthworms, ethyl valerate, decreased avoidance of spiked soils. these findings suggest that care should be taken when analyzing earthworm avoidance of soils in which microorganism communities are not controlled. environ t ... | 2017 | 27605240 |
| effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the acute lethality, accumulation, and enzyme activity of cadmium in eisenia fetida in a simulated soil solution. | in the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (lmwoas) on the toxicity of cadmium (cd) to eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. the lmwoas protected e. fetida from cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (lc50) values and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. in addition, cd concentrations in e. fetida decreased dramatically in the presence of lmwoas. these results were likely because of the complexation ... | 2017 | 27605122 |
| assessing the changes in e. coli levels and nutrient dynamics during vermicomposting of food waste under lab and field scale conditions. | vermicomposting (vc) has proven to be a promising method for treating garden, household, and municipal wastes. although the vc has been used extensively for converting wastes into fertilizers, pathogens such as escherichia coli (e. coli) survival during this process is not well documented. in this study, both lab and field scale experiments were conducted assessing the impacts of earthworms in reducing e. coli concentration during vc of food waste. in addition, other pertinent parameters such as ... | 2016 | 27604124 |
| regulatory ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials - proposed modifications of oecd test guidelines based on laboratory experience with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. | regulatory ecotoxicity testing of chemicals is of societal importance and a large effort is undertaken at the oecd to ensure that oecd test guidelines (tgs) for nanomaterials (nms) are available. significant progress to support the adaptation of selected tgs to nms was achieved in the context of the project marina ( http://www.marina-fp7.eu/ ) funded within the 7th european framework program. eight oecd tgs were adapted based on the testing of at least one ion-releasing nm (ag) and two inert nms ... | 2016 | 27592624 |
| lysenin family proteins in earthworm coelomocytes - comparative approach. | sphingomyelin-binding proteins of the lysenin family were originally identified in earthworms belonging to the genus eisenia comprised of at least two distinct species, e. andrei and e. fetida, until recently considered subspecies or morphotypes of e. foetida (sic). in the present study the presence of lysenin and lysenin-related protein 2 (lrp-2, known also as fetidin) was detected in coelomocytes retrieved from all investigated adult specimens of e. andrei, and e. fetida. they were accompanied ... | 2017 | 27567602 |
| effects of oxidative stress reaction for the eisenia fetida with exposure in cd(2). | earthworms are widely used in all kinds of pollutants as sensitive bio-indicator organisms because of their immediately oxidative stress response under the stress of heavy metal. however, there are a large number of indexes associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indexes in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. we studied two groups, the short-term test and the long-term test. the former one is for 10 ... | 2016 | 27528521 |
| genotoxicity reduction in bagasse waste of sugar industry by earthworm technology. | the aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity reduction in post vermicompost feed mixtures of bagasse (b) waste using earthworm eisenia fetida. the genotoxicity of bagasse waste was determined by using allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. bagasse was amended with cattle dung in different proportions [0:100 (b0) 25:75 (b25), 50:50 (b50), 75:25 (b75) and 100:0 (b100)] on dry weight basis. genotoxic effects of initial and post vermicompost bagasse extracts were analysed on t ... | 2016 | 27516924 |
| persistence of escherichia coli in batch and continuous vermicomposting systems. | vermicomposting is a biooxidation process in which epigeicearthworms act in synergy with microbial populations to degrade organic matter. vermicomposting does not go through a thermophilic stage as required by north american legislations for pathogen eradication. we examined the survival of a green fluorescent protein (gfp) labeled escherichia coli mg1655 as a model for the survival of pathogenic bacteria in both small-scale batch and medium-scale continuously-operated systems to discern the inf ... | 2016 | 27499290 |
| improvement of the soil nitrogen content and maize growth by earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils polluted by oxytetracycline. | interactions between earthworms (eisenia fetida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (rhizophagus intraradices, am fungi) have been suggested to improve the maize nitrogen (n) content and biomass and were studied in soils polluted by oxytetracycline (otc). maize was planted and amended with amf and/or earthworms (e) in the soil with low (1mgkg(-1) soil dm) or high (100mgkg(-1) soil dm) amounts of otc pollution in comparison to soil without otc. the root colonization, shoot and root biomass, shoot a ... | 2016 | 27496075 |
| soil contamination with olive mill wastes negatively affects microbial communities, invertebrates and plants. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of olive mill waste (omw) on soil habitat function. to this end, soil samples from omw evaporating ponds (s1-s5) located at agareb (sfax, tunisia) and a reference soil (r) were collected. the effects of omw on the springtails folsomia candida (f.c.), the earthworm species eisenia fetida (e.f.), enchytraeus crypticus (e.c.) reproduction and on the soil living microbial communities were investigated. e.f. reproduction and to ... | 2016 | 27491759 |
| bioavailability of ceo2 and sno2 nanoparticles evaluated by dietary uptake in the earthworm eisenia fetida and sequential extraction of soil and feed. | the growing number of nanotechnology products on the market will inevitably lead to the release of engineered nanomaterials with potential risk to humans and environment. this study set out to investigate the exposure of soil biota to engineered nanoparticles (nps). cerium dioxide (ceo2 nps) and tin dioxide nanoparticles (sno2 nps) were radiolabelled using neutron activation, and employed to assess the uptake and excretion kinetics in the earthworm eisenia fetida. through sequential extraction, ... | 2016 | 27474912 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of triclosan toxicity to the earthworm eisenia fetida assessed through gc-ms metabolomics. | triclosan (tcs) is a ubiquitous contaminant in municipal biosolids, which has also been detected in soils and earthworms sampled from agricultural fields amended with biosolids. the goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of tcs to earthworms using a metabolomics-based approach for an improved interpretation of toxicity. toxicity of tcs was assessed using the oecd method 207 filter paper contact test measuring the endpoints of weight loss, mortality, and ten metabolites determined by gc- ... | 2017 | 27468629 |
| exploring metal detoxification and accumulation potential during vermicomposting of tea factory coal ash: sequential extraction and fluorescence probe analysis. | metal contamination from coal ashes (cas) is widely recognized as a significant environmental concern. to learn more about metal detoxification and accumulation potential of earthworm species, metal-rich tea factory coal ashes (tfca) were fed to eisenia fetida and lampito mauritii by employing a fluorescent tag detection method. fascinatingly, on feeding fluorescence probed zn and cd along with cow dung to eisenia fetida, the detection of the gut-proteins with a molecular mass higher than 100 kd ... | 2016 | 27456167 |
| multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of environmentally relevant bisphenol a concentrations using the soil invertebrate eisenia fetida. | bisphenol a (bpa) presents a serious threat to soil ecosystems, yet its effects on soil-inhabiting organisms are mostly unexplored. therefore, the impact of environmentally relevant bpa concentrations on a terrestrial model organism, the earthworm eisenia fetida, was assessed. animals were cutaneously exposed to 100nm and 10μm bpa up to 10days (10-d). next, a battery of biomarkers was used for ecotoxicological evaluation on a cellular, tissue and behavioural level. hplc analysis showed that afte ... | 2016 | 27450340 |
| does uptake of pharmaceuticals vary across earthworm species? | this study compared the uptake and depuration of four commonly used pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in two earthworm species (lumbricus terrestris and eisenia fetida). l. terrestris are a larger species and often found in deep burrows whereas e. fetida prefer to reside near the soil surface. species burrowing habits and sizes may alter uptake by earthworms. all four pharmaceuticals were taken up into both l. terrestris and e. fetida tissue after 21 days expos ... | 2016 | 27443341 |
| effect of vermicomposting on concentration and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge with additive materials. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the total content and speciation of heavy metals (as, cr, cd, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn) during vermicomposting of sewage sludge by eisenia fetida earthworm with different additive materials (soil, straw, fly ash and sawdust). results showed that the ph, total organic carbon were reduced, while the electric conductivity and germination index increased after a combined composting - vermicomposting process. the addition of bulking agents accelerated the stabili ... | 2016 | 27434304 |
| toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid towards earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil. | perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) is a widespread persistent organic contaminant in the environment that has recently raised much of regulatory and public concern. therefore, assessment of its ecological risk is a top priority research. hence, this study investigated the toxicity of pfoa to beneficial microbial processes in the soil such as activities of dehydrogenase, urease and potential nitrification in addition to earthworm survival, weight loss and pfoa bioaccumulation in two contrasting soils. ... | 2016 | 27329475 |
| bioassays with terrestrial and aquatic species as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon degradation. | in this study chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests were applied for the assessment of a heavily hydrocarbon-contaminated soil prior and after the application of a remediation procedure that consisted in the stimulation of soil autochthonous populations of hydrocarbon degraders in static-ventilated biopiles. terrestrial bioassays were applied in mixtures of test soils and artificial control soil and studied the survival and reproduction of eisenia fetida and the avoidance response of e. fetida ... | 2016 | 27312898 |
| diverse impacts of a step and repeated bde209-pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of bde209 in earthworms. | decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and lead (pb) are the two common contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (ewrss). a laboratory incubation study was conducted to explore the impacts of a step and repeated bde209-pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of bde209 in earthworms eisenia fetida for the first time. the results indicated that bde209 concentrations in repetitively-polluted soils were clearly higher. and the existence of high-level pb could promote the bioaccumulation of bde209 in ea ... | 2016 | 27295440 |
| protective effect of composite earthworm powder against diabetic complications via increased fibrinolytic function and improvement of lipid metabolism in zdf rats. | thrombosis is the leading cause of mortality globally. it is not only a complication but also a risk factor for progression of diabetes. however, alternative oral therapies and prophylaxis with less adverse effect for thrombosis have not been well studied. in this study, composite powder containing earthworm (cep) was used and its fibrinolytic activity was measured. cep was found to have a high urokinase-type plasminogen activator like activity in an in vitro assay. it also had significantly sho ... | 2016 | 27292184 |
| ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned f-ba-pb-zn mining area of osor (spain). | due to its potential toxic properties, metal mobilization is of major concern in areas surrounding pb-zn mines. in the present study, metal contents and toxicity of soils, aqueous extracts from soils and mine drainage waters from an abandoned f-ba-pb-zn mining area in osor (girona, ne spain) were evaluated through chemical extractions and ecotoxicity bioassays. toxicity assessment in the terrestrial compartment included lethal and sublethal endpoints on earthworms eisenia fetida, arthropods fols ... | 2016 | 27260479 |
| impact of molybdenum nanoparticles on survival, activity of enzymes, and chemical elements in eisenia fetida using test on artificial substrata. | the influence of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (moo3) on the growth and survival of eisenia fetida was established. the activity of antioxidant enzymes and changes in concentration of molybdenum in the body of e. fetida were determined. the degree of bacterial bioluminescence inhibition in extracts of substrates and worm was studied using luminescent strain escherichia coli k12 tg1. the enzymatic activity of substrates before and after exposure with nanoparticles and worms was assessed. nanopar ... | 2016 | 27259958 |
| investigation on the difference between biofilm morphologies of the vermifilter and conventional biofilter with the flow cytometer. | with the demand of new sludge reduction processes, a vermifilter (vf) was studied based on a conventional biofilter (bf). the biofilm morphology was investigated using a new technique, the flow cytometer (fcm), to find a way to optimize vf structure. vf was inoculated with eisenia fetida, packed with ceramsites, and operated stably at the organic load of 1.2kg-vssm(-3)d(-1) with bf as the control. compared with bf, vf had about 13% more removal efficiency of excess sludge and 45% shorter biofilm ... | 2016 | 27259185 |
| effects of different ratios of sewage sludge and cattle manure on growth and propagation of eisenia fetida. | domestic sewage sludge and cattle manure are rich in nutrition elements, but without proper disposal, are harmful to the environment. here with an indoor culture method, we used eisenia fetida to dispose different ratios of sewage sludge and cattle manure, and thereby investigated the effects and acting rules of these sludge-manure mixtures on the growth and reproduction of e. fetida. we find these mixtures are food sources for e. fetida, and their physiochemical properties are significantly cha ... | 2016 | 27257977 |
| vermicomposting transforms allelopathic parthenium into a benign organic fertilizer. | vermicompost, which had been derived solely by the action of the epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida on parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus), was tested for its impact on the germination and early growth of green gram (vigna radiata), ladies finger (abelmoschus esculentus) and cucumber (cucumis sativus). seedlings were germinated and grown in soil amended with 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 20 and 40% (by weight) parthenium vermicompost. even though parthenium is known to possess strong negative ... | 2016 | 27233043 |
| study on the influential factors of cd(2+) on the earthworm eisenia fetida in oxidative stress based on factor analysis approach. | when earthworms are exposed to pollutants, their antioxidant system will have responses immediately. consequently earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants as a sensitive bio-indicator. however, there are a large number of indices associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indices in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. factor analysis approach is a statistical method that uses a few facto ... | 2016 | 27219294 |
| bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using eisenia fetida. | the main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum c/n ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. six treatments of c/n ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. the study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. the results revealed that 20 days of composting consid ... | 2016 | 27197657 |
| optimal growth condition of earthworms and their vermicompost features during recycling of five different fresh fruit and vegetable wastes. | this study aimed to promote vermicomposting performance for recycling fresh fruit and vegetable wastes (fvws) and to assess microbial population and community of final products. five fresh fvws including banana peels, cabbage, lettuce, potato, and watermelon peels were chosen as earthworms' food. the fate test of earthworms showed that 30 g fresh fvws/day was the optimal loading and the banana peels was harmful for the survival of eisenia fetida. the followed vermicomposting test revealed lower ... | 2016 | 27184146 |
| adaptability comparison of e. fetida in vermicomposting against sludge from livestock wastewater treatment plant based on their several growth stages. | vermicomposting is a low-cost, eco-efficient process to deal with organic wastes. mixtures of swine manure (sm), cow dung (cd), and animal wastewater treatment plant sludge (s) were applied as feeds, and eisenia fetida was employed in this study to investigate the vermicomposting efficiency based on their several growth stages. the hatching test resulted in a 100 % hatching rate in s60sm40 (60 % s + 40 % sm) mixture, while 4.40 hatchlings per cocoon were observed. the growth of infancy performed ... | 2016 | 27117153 |
| individual and combined toxic effects of herbicide atrazine and three insecticides on the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | in the present study, we evaluated the individual and combined toxic effects of herbicide atrazine and three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid) on the earthworm, eisenia fetida. results from 48-h filter paper test indicated that imidacloprid had the highest toxicity to e. fetida with an lc50 of 0.05 (0.041-0.058) μg a.i. cm(-2), followed by lambda-cyhalothrin and atrazine with lc50 values ranging from 4.89 (3.52-6.38) to 4.93 (3.76-6.35) μg a.i. cm(-2), while chlorp ... | 2016 | 27068296 |
| assessment of metal toxicity and bioavailability in metallophyte leaf litters and metalliferous soils using eisenia fetida in a microcosm study. | the leaf litters of tree species, acacia pycnantha (ap) and eucalyptus camaldulensis (ec), predominantly growing at an abandoned copper (cu) mine and mine soils including controls, were assessed for determining the metal toxicity and bioavailability using earthworm species eisenia fetida, in a microcosm. significant reduction in body weight as well as mortality were observed when the worms were introduced into mine soil or its combination with mine ap litter. virtually, there were no juveniles w ... | 2016 | 27057994 |
| effects of soil properties on the uptake of pharmaceuticals into earthworms. | pharmaceuticals can enter the soil environment when animal slurries and sewage sludge are applied to land as a fertiliser or during irrigation with contaminated water. these pharmaceuticals may then be taken up by soil organisms possibly resulting in toxic effects and/or exposure of organisms higher up the food chain. this study investigated the influence of soil properties on the uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in the earthworm eisen ... | 2016 | 27049789 |
| cryo-em structure of lysenin pore elucidates membrane insertion by an aerolysin family protein. | lysenin from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia fetida belongs to the aerolysin family of small β-pore-forming toxins (β-pfts), some members of which are pathogenic to humans and animals. despite efforts, a high-resolution structure of a channel for this family of proteins has been elusive and therefore the mechanism of activation and membrane insertion remains unclear. here we determine the pore structure of lysenin by single particle cryo-em, to 3.1 å resolution. the nonameric assembl ... | 2016 | 27048994 |
| toxicological and biochemical responses of the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to contaminated soil: effects of arsenic species. | arsenic is a pollutant that can be detected in different chemical forms in soil. however, the toxicological effects of different arsenic species on organisms have received little attention. in this study, we exposed earthworms eisenia fetida to artificial soils contaminated by arsenite [as(iii)], arsenate [as(v)], monomethylarsonate (mma) and dimethylarsinate (dma) for 28 and 56 days. three biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (lpo), metallothioneins (mts) and lysosomal membrane stability (lm ... | 2016 | 27045633 |
| earthworm ecology affects the population structure of their verminephrobacter symbionts. | earthworms carry species-specific verminephrobacter symbionts in their nephridia (excretory organs). the symbionts are vertically transmitted via the cocoon, can only colonize the host during early embryonic development, and have co-speciated with their host for about 100 million years. although several studies have addressed verminephrobacter diversity between worm species, the intra-species diversity of the symbiont population has never been investigated. in this study, symbiont population str ... | 2016 | 27040820 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of foundry sands and cosmetic sludges using new earthworm biomarkers. | the management and final disposal of industrial wastes are a matter of considerable human concern. the present study evaluates the cyto/genotoxic effects and changes of the coelomic cell formulas exerted by aqueous leachates and solid waste (sw) of two industrial residues using coelomocytes extruded from eisenia fetida. the assayed wastes corresponded to industrial foundry and cosmetic activities. after 14 days of exposure, we obtained a group of endpoints that reflect the toxicity/genotoxicity, ... | 2016 | 27030125 |
| influence of stocking density on the vermicomposting of an effluent treatment plant sludge amended with cow dung. | this paper reports the effect of earthworm population density on the vermicomposting of effluent treatment plant sludge of a bakery industry. four waste mixtures containing 0, 10, 20, and 30 % sludge along with cow dung with five different worm population densities were established for 14 weeks under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. the results showed that average worm biomass, growth and cocoon production were lesser at higher population densities. sexual maturity was attained in ... | 2016 | 27023819 |
| influence of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms eisenia fetida and taxonomic diversity of the gut microflora. | the study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms eisenia fetida and composition of the gut microflora. analysis of the survival data has shown that the introduction of high doses of the nanoparticles causes death of worms in the second group with 35 % mortality rate and activates protective mechanisms realized as mucous film. dna from the worm guts was extracted and 16s metagenomic sequencing was fulfilled using miseq (illumina). regarding the gut microflo ... | 2016 | 27023811 |
| [aging law of pahs in contaminated soil and their enrichment in earthworms characterized by chemical extraction techniques]. | to evaluate the effect of aging on the availability of pahs, chemical extraction by exhaustive ( ase extraction) and nonexhaustive techniques (tenax-ta extraction, hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin ( hpcd ) extraction, n-butyl alcohol ( buoh) extraction) as well as pahs accumulation in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were conducted in yellow soil from baguazhou, nanjing, china, and red soil from hainan, china, spiked with phenanthrene, pryene and benzo(a) pyrene and aged 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. the res ... | 2015 | 27011997 |
| [vermicomposting of different organic materials and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of their dissolved organic matter]. | in this experiment, different proportions of the cattle manure, tea-leaf, herb and mushroom residues, were used as food for earthworm (eisenia fetida) to study the growth of the earth-worm. then the characteristics and transformation of nutrient content and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence (3deem) of dissolved organic matter (dom) during vermistabilization were investigated by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods. the result showed that the mixture of different ra ... | 2015 | 26995929 |
| comparative avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida towards chloride, nitrate and sulphate salts of cd, cu and zn using filter paper and extruded water agar gels as exposure media. | we studied the avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida towards cd, cu, and zn, trace elements (tes) tested as chloride, nitrate and sulphate salts. sub adults were exposed individually using dual-cell chambers at 20+2°c in the dark. recordings were realised at different dates from 2h to 32h. we used filter paper and extruded water agar gel as exposure media to evaluate the contribution of the dermal and the digestive exposure routes on the avoidance reactions. exposures to cu or cd ( ... | 2016 | 26995062 |
| oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in earthworm eisenia fetida at different di-n-butyl phthalate exposure levels. | recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil, the environmental risk of phthalic acid esters (paes) is of great concern recently. effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (dnbp), an extensively used pae compound to eisenia fetida have been investigated in spiked natural brown yellow soil (alfisol) for soil contact test. the toxicity of dnbp to e. fetida on the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, peroxidase (pod), reactive oxygen species (ros) content, and the apoptosis of coelomocytes and d ... | 2016 | 26982081 |
| sewage sludge toxicity assessment using earthworm eisenia fetida: can biochemical and histopathological analysis provide fast and accurate insight? | sewage sludge (ss) is a complex organic by-product of wastewater treatment plants. deposition of large amounts of ss can increase the risk of soil contamination. therefore, there is an increasing need for fast and accurate assessment of ss toxic potential. toxic effects of ss were tested on earthworm eisenia fetida tissue, at the subcellular and biochemical level. earthworms were exposed to depot sludge (ds) concentration ratio of 30 or 70 %, to undiluted and to 100 and 10 times diluted active s ... | 2016 | 26971513 |
| heavy metal variation and characterization change of dissolved organic matter (dom) obtained from composting or vermicomposting pig manure amended with maize straw. | a mixture of pig manure and maize straw was vermicomposted with eisenia fetida or naturally composted for 60 days; basic parameters, heavy metal variation, dissolved organic matter (dom) content, and its characterization were determined, aiming to explore different dynamics of dom characterization and heavy metal variation during composting or vermicomposting. the results showed that vermicomposting led to higher ph, tc, and available p but lower ec, tn, available n, and available k in the subst ... | 2016 | 26971511 |