Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [the triumph of "stupidity" : deep blue`s victory over garri kasparov. the controversy about its impact on artficial intelligence research]. | the competition between the chess computer deep blue and the former chess world champion garri kasparov in 1997 was a spectacle staged for the media. however, the chess game, like other games, was also a test field for artificial intelligence research. on the one hand deep blue's victory was called a "milestone" for ai research, on the other hand, a dead end, since the superiority of the chess computer was based on pure computing power and had nothing to do with "real" ai.the article questions t ... | 2017 | 28389682 |
| allen newell's program of research: the video-game test. | newell (1973) argued that progress in psychology was slow because research focused on experiments trying to answer binary questions, such as serial versus parallel processing. in addition, not enough attention was paid to the strategies used by participants, and there was a lack of theories implemented as computer models offering sufficient precision for being tested rigorously. he proposed a three-headed research program: to develop computational models able to carry out the task they aimed to ... | 2017 | 28318146 |
| facultative non-mutualistic behaviour by an "obligate" mutualist: "cheating" by yucca moths. | the interaction between yucca moths (tegeticula spp., incurvariidae) and yuccas (yucca spp., agavaceae) is an obligate pollination/seed predation mutualism in which adult female yucca moths pollinate yuccas, and yucca moth larvae feed on yucca seeds. in this paper we document that individual yucca moths, which are capable of acting as mutualists, facultatively "cheat" by ovipositing in yucca pistils without attempting to transfer pollen. additionally, a high proportion of flowers are unlikely to ... | 1993 | 28314029 |
| episodic future thinking about the ideal self induces lower discounting, leading to a decreased tendency toward cheating. | delay discounting refers to a pervasive tendency toward preferring smaller immediate gains over larger future gains. recent empirical research has shown that episodic future thinking (eft; i.e., projecting oneself into the future to pre-experience forthcoming events) can reduce the tendency toward discounting. a common tenet of psychological theories of crime is that delinquency results from focusing on short-term gains while failing to consider adequately the longer-term consequences of delinqu ... | 2017 | 28303111 |
| the arginine-vasotocin and serotonergic systems affect interspecific social behaviour of client fish in marine cleaning mutualism. | many species engage in mutualistic relationships with other species. the physiological mechanisms that affect the course of such social interactions are little understood. in the cleaning mutualism, cleaner fish labroides dimidiatus do not always act cooperatively by eating ectoparasites, but sometimes cheat by taking bites of mucus from so-called "client" reef fish. the physiological mechanisms in these interspecific interactions, however, are little studied. here, we focussed on three neuromod ... | 2017 | 28302574 |
| game-xp: action games as experimental paradigms for cognitive science. | why games? how could anyone consider action games an experimental paradigm for cognitive science? in 1973, as one of three strategies he proposed for advancing cognitive science, allen newell exhorted us to "accept a single complex task and do all of it." more specifically, he told us that rather than taking an "experimental psychology as usual approach," we should "focus on a series of experimental and theoretical studies around a single complex task" so as to demonstrate that our theories of h ... | 2017 | 28296290 |
| the effects of chess instruction on pupils' cognitive and academic skills: state of the art and theoretical challenges. | 2017 | 28280476 | |
| does everyone have a price? on the role of payoff magnitude for ethical decision making. | most approaches to dishonest behavior emphasize the importance of corresponding payoffs, typically implying that dishonesty might increase with increasing incentives. however, prior evidence does not appear to confirm this intuition. however, extant findings are based on relatively small payoffs, the potential effects of which are solely analyzed across participants. in two experiments, we used different multi-trial die-rolling paradigms designed to investigate dishonesty at the individual level ... | 2017 | 28273518 |
| nursingstandard.com. | 1 tougher penalties have been proposed to remove the temptation for nursing students to use essay mills to cheat on their coursework. the quality assurance agency for higher education will publish new guidance later this year. read more: rcni.com/cheat-penalty. | 2017 | 28271776 |
| fat suppression at 2d mr imaging of the hands: dixon method versus chess technique and stir sequence. | to compare the effectiveness of fat suppression and the signal-to-noise ratio (snr) of the dixon method with those of the chess (chemical shift-selective) technique and stir (short tau inversion recovery) sequence in hands of normal subjects at 2d mr imaging. | 2017 | 28267547 |
| chess players' eye movements reveal rapid recognition of complex visual patterns: evidence from a chess-related visual search task. | to explore the perceptual component of chess expertise, we monitored the eye movements of expert and novice chess players during a chess-related visual search task that tested anecdotal reports that a key differentiator of chess skill is the ability to visualize the complex moves of the knight piece. specifically, chess players viewed an array of four minimized chessboards, and they rapidly searched for the target board that allowed a knight piece to reach a target square in three moves. on each ... | 2017 | 28265652 |
| government plans to introduce tougher penalties for students who cheat. | nursing students who use essay mills to buy coursework could soon face tough penalties under new government proposals. | 2017 | 28247811 |
| associations between socio-demographic characteristics and pubertal status with disordered eating among primary school children in selangor, malaysia. | to determine the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and pubertal status with disordered eating among primary school children. | 2017 | 28244713 |
| social amoebae mating types do not invest unequally in sexual offspring. | unequal investment by different sexes in their progeny is common and includes differential investment in the zygote and differential care of the young. the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum has a sexual stage in which isogamous cells of any two of the three mating types fuse to form a zygote which then attracts hundreds of other cells to the macrocyst. the latter cells are cannibalized and so make no genetic contribution to reproduction. previous literature suggests that this sacrifice may ... | 2017 | 28211207 |
| increased cerebellar gray matter volume in head chefs. | chefs exert expert motor and cognitive performances on a daily basis. neuroimaging has clearly shown that that long-term skill learning (i.e., athletes, musicians, chess player or sommeliers) induces plastic changes in the brain thus enabling tasks to be performed faster and more accurately. how a chef's expertise is embodied in a specific neural network has never been investigated. | 2017 | 28182712 |
| perspectives of urban ghanaian women on vasectomy. | advocacy for male involvement in family planning has been championed over the years after the 1994 international conference on population and development (icpd). there are a few contraceptive methods for men, and vasectomy uptake has been identified as one of the indicators of male involvement in family planning. vasectomy also known as male sterilization is a permanent form of contraception. it is a generally safe, quick, easy, effective surgical operation with rare complications to prevent rel ... | 2017 | 28178993 |
| an examination of how people who have lost weight communicatively negotiate interpersonal challenges to weight management. | the vast majority of americans are overweight, and those who are able to lose weight typically regain at least the amount they lost. some people are confronted with sabotage, criticism, and declines in social support during and following weight loss. however, how individuals negotiate these interpersonal barriers is not very well understood. such an understanding could help individuals maintain their weight loss while minimizing the risk of adverse health or relational consequences. thus, throug ... | 2017 | 28151017 |
| hip hop dance experience linked to sociocognitive ability. | expertise within gaming (e.g., chess, video games) and kinesthetic (e.g., sports, classical dance) activities has been found to be linked with specific cognitive skills. some of these skills, working memory, mental rotation, problem solving, are linked to higher performance in science, technology, math, and engineering (stem) disciplines. in the present study, we examined whether experience in a different activity, hip hop dance, is also linked to cognitive abilities connected with stem skills a ... | 2017 | 28146562 |
| when it pays to cheat: examining how generalized food deception increases male and female fitness in a terrestrial orchid. | experimental manipulations of floral nectar in food deceptive species can reveal insights into the evolutionary consequences of the deceptive strategy. when coupled to pollen tracking, the effects of the deceptive pollination syndrome on both male and female reproductive success may be quantified. attraction of pollinators in deceit-pollinated species often relies on producing a conspicuous floral display which may increase visibility to pollinators, but in-turn may increase within plant selfing ... | 2017 | 28141838 |
| managing the treatment of the patients with stable angina like a chess player: making moves considering the next move of atherosclerosis. | 2016 | 28133474 | |
| music and mind: in memoriam professor carlo alberto pagni, md, phd: february 13, 1931 -march 1, 2009. | carlo alberto pagni, born in la spezia, italy, on february 13, 1931, was an eminent and respected professor of neurosurgery and chairman of the neurosurgical clinic of the university of turin from 1980 to 2003. he died on march 1, 2009. as a professor of neurology and neurological surgery he was renowned as an expert on vascular, tumor, and functional neurosurgery. beyond the italian neurosurgical society, he was the doyen of functional neurosurgery, specializing in motor cortex stimulation for ... | 2017 | 28120046 |
| methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine for cognitive enhancement in chess: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. | stimulants and caffeine have been proposed for cognitive enhancement by healthy subjects. this study investigated whether performance in chess - a competitive mind game requiring highly complex cognitive skills - can be enhanced by methylphenidate, modafinil or caffeine. in a phase iv, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 39 male chess players received 2×200mg modafinil, 2×20mg methylphenidate, and 2×200mg caffeine or placebo in a 4×4 crossover design. they played twenty 15-minute ... | 2017 | 28119083 |
| blood doping at the olympic games. | the objective of this paper was to review our knowledge of athletes who have, are believed to have or have attempted to engage in blood doping to enhance their performance at an olympic games. | 2017 | 28094487 |
| when words were wanted, but woefully wanting, we waged war with chess(). | what do you say to a child who rarely speaks? how do you work with such a youngster? what are the sine qua nons or guiding principles upon which analysts can draw? and, how do we know if we are being helpful? sam was 9-years when i began treating him. he was extremely withdrawn and rarely spoke more than a few words. instead, he mainly played chess. i did not know at first whether sam's taciturn demeanor was due to shyness, limited verbal abilities, or the stultifying effects of trauma. fortuito ... | 2016 | 28077845 |
| a thematic content analysis of #cheatmeal images on social media: characterizing an emerging dietary trend. | despite the pervasive social endorsement of "cheat meals" within pro-muscularity online communities, there is an absence of empirical work examining this dietary phenomenon. the present study aimed to characterize cheat meals, and explore the meaning ascribed to engagement in this practice. thematic content analysis was employed to code the photographic and textual elements of a sample (n = 600) that was extracted from over 1.6 million images marked with the #cheatmeal tag on the social networki ... | 2017 | 28075492 |
| molecular chess? hallmarks of anti-cancer drug resistance. | the development of resistance is a problem shared by both classical chemotherapy and targeted therapy. patients may respond well at first, but relapse is inevitable for many cancer patients, despite many improvements in drugs and their use over the last 40 years. | 2017 | 28056859 |
| a study of memory effects in a chess database. | a series of recent works studying a database of chronologically sorted chess games-containing 1.4 million games played by humans between 1998 and 2007- have shown that the popularity distribution of chess game-lines follows a zipf's law, and that time series inferred from the sequences of those game-lines exhibit long-range memory effects. the presence of zipf's law together with long-range memory effects was observed in several systems, however, the simultaneous emergence of these two phenomena ... | 2016 | 28005922 |
| using online essay mills 'may put patients at risk'. | patient safety could be at risk if nursing students cheat by passing off as their own work essays bought online, a higher education watchdog has warned. | 2016 | 27977362 |
| prospective associations between problematic eating attitudes in midchildhood and the future onset of adolescent obesity and high blood pressure. | clinically diagnosed eating disorders may have adverse cardiometabolic consequences, including overweight or obesity and high blood pressure. however, the link between problematic eating attitudes in early adolescence, which can lead to disordered eating behaviors, and future cardiometabolic health is, to our knowledge, unknown. | 2017 | 27974308 |
| the effect of bundling medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction with mhealth: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. | opioid dependence has devastating and increasingly widespread consequences and costs, and the most common outcome of treatment is early relapse. people who inject opioids are also at disproportionate risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv). this study tests an approach that has been shown to improve recovery rates: medication along with other supportive services (medication-assisted treatment, or mat) against mat combined with a smartphone innovati ... | 2016 | 27955689 |
| laboratory notes from behavioral pharmacologists and trainees: considerations for the discipline. | in several laboratory meetings, we discussed the challenges that face trainees in behavioral pharmacology. major concerns, such as a difficult funding climate and limited academic job prospects were discussed at first. however, we decided to concentrate on ways to meet these challenges; versus focusing on negatives and listing gripes. within this more constructive framework, we identified the importance of broadening training to aligned areas to enhance the capacity of behavioral pharmacologists ... | 2016 | 27942577 |
| computations underlying social hierarchy learning: distinct neural mechanisms for updating and representing self-relevant information. | knowledge about social hierarchies organizes human behavior, yet we understand little about the underlying computations. here we show that a bayesian inference scheme, which tracks the power of individuals, better captures behavioral and neural data compared with a reinforcement learning model inspired by rating systems used in games such as chess. we provide evidence that the medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) selectively mediates the updating of knowledge about one's own hierarchy, as opposed to ... | 2016 | 27930904 |
| robustness and plasticity in development. | like the game of chess, the overall development of human behavior is highly regulated, and also many finer points of any particular individual life depend on early moves. the robust mechanisms that make species different from each other also impact processes that make individuals distinct from one another. children both influence their environment and are influenced by it. as the development of any particular skill depends upon the contribution of particular environmental inputs at particular ti ... | 2017 | 27906506 |
| cheating is never okay, but we shouldn't be too quick to judge. | it is easy to rush to judgement about students who cheat in their exams or buy essays on the internet. such activities can never be condoned and those who succumb to temptation must suffer the consequences, which can involve being removed from their courses. | 2016 | 27897748 |
| catching fakes: new markers of urine sample validity and invalidity. | urine drug testing is common for workplace drug testing, prescription management, emergency medicine and the criminal justice system. unsurprisingly, with the significant consequences based upon the results of urine drug testing, a donor in need of concealing the contents of their sample is highly motivated to cheat the process. procedures and safeguards ensuring sample validity are well known, and include measuring sample temperature at the time of collection, and laboratory measurements of cre ... | 2017 | 27881620 |
| perceptions toward a smoking cessation app targeting lgbtq+ youth and young adults: a qualitative framework analysis of focus groups. | the prevalence of smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other sexual minority (lgbtq+) youth and young adults (yya) is significantly higher compared with that among non-lgbtq+ persons. however, in the past, interventions were primarily group cessation classes that targeted lgbtq+ persons of all ages. mhealth interventions offer an alternate and modern intervention platform for this subpopulation and may be of particular interest for young lgbtq+ persons. | 2016 | 27864164 |
| changing the engineering student culture with respect to academic integrity and ethics. | engineers create airplanes, buildings, medical devices, and software, amongst many other things. engineers abide by a professional code of ethics to uphold people's safety and the reputation of the profession. likewise, students abide by a code of academic integrity while learning the knowledge and necessary skills to prepare them for the engineering and computing professions. this paper reports on studies designed to improve the engineering student culture with respect to academic integrity and ... | 2016 | 27830482 |
| spectrally-presaturated modulation (spm): an efficient fat suppression technique for steam-based cardiac imaging sequences. | stimulated-echo acquisition mode (steam) is a key pulse sequences in mri in general, and in cardiac imaging in particular. fat suppression is an important feature in cardiac imaging to improve visualization and eliminate off-resonance and chemical-shift artifacts. nevertheless, fat suppression comes at the expense of reduced temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (snr). the purpose of this study is to develop an efficient fat suppression method (spectrally-presaturated modulation) for ste ... | 2017 | 27826082 |
| time to decide: diurnal variations on the speed and quality of human decisions. | human behavior and physiology exhibit diurnal fluctuations. these rhythms are entrained by light and social cues, with vast individual differences in the phase of entrainment - referred as an individual's chronotype - ranging in a continuum between early larks and late owls. understanding whether decision-making in real-life situations depends on the relation between time of the day and an individual's diurnal preferences has both practical and theoretical implications. however, answering this q ... | 2017 | 27788402 |
| intentions to cheat: ajzen's planned behavior and goal-related personality facets. | this study sought to test antecedents to college students' intentions to cheat by utilizing ajzen's ( 1991 ) theory of planned behavior (tpb), and four goal-related personality facets. those facets were behavioral approach, behavioral inhibition, need for achievement-hope of success, and need for achievement-fear of failure. as hypothesized, perceived friends' and parents' attitudes toward academic dishonesty (two subjective norms) and perceived ease of cheating (perceived behavioral control) al ... | 2017 | 27786598 |
| experts' memory superiority for domain-specific random material generalizes across fields of expertise: a meta-analysis. | experts' remarkable ability to recall meaningful domain-specific material is a classic result in cognitive psychology. influential explanations for this ability have focused on the acquisition of high-level structures (e.g., schemata) or experts' capability to process information holistically. however, research on chess players suggests that experts maintain some reliable memory advantage over novices when random stimuli (e.g., shuffled chess positions) are presented. this skill effect cannot be ... | 2017 | 27770253 |
| right parietal source in mahjong-induced seizure: a system epilepsy of focal origin. | mahjong, a game similar to bridge and chess in western cultures, can cause reflex seizure. we report a case of mahjong-induced seizures with the first documentation of ictal electroencephalography (eeg) findings, which showed secondarily generalized partial seizure of the right parietal origin. | 2016 | 27761244 |
| the effects of the activation of money and credit card vs. that of activation of spirituality - which one prompts pro-social behaviours? | pro-social behaviours may be prompted or inhibited depending on the situation. numerous experiments show that, when exposed to the idea of money, people are less willing to help, devote their time or share their resources with others (vohs et al. science, 314, 1154-1156, 2006, current directions in psychological science, 17(3), 208-212, 2008). conversely, when exposed to the idea of spirituality, they often cheat less and are more willing to help others (mazar and ariely journal of marketing res ... | 2016 | 27729764 |
| when words were wanted, but woefully wanting, we waged war with chess(.) | what do you say to a child who rarely speaks? how do you work with such a youngster? what are the sine qua nons or guiding principles upon which analysts can draw? and, how do we know if we are being helpful? sam was 9-years when i began treating him. he was extremely withdrawn and rarely spoke more than a few words. instead, he mainly played chess. i did not know at first whether sam's taciturn demeanor was due to shyness, limited verbal abilities, or the stultifying effects of trauma. fortuito ... | 2016 | 27644337 |
| children's eating attitudes test: reliability and validation in japanese adolescents. | eating disorders (ed) are serious psychosomatic disorders that commonly occur in girls during adolescence. an increase in earlier onset ed has recently been suggested. therefore, accurate assessment of eating attitudes in children is a necessary part of school mental health. the 26-item children's eating attitudes test (cheat-26) is widely used internationally to assess abnormal eating attitudes. the present study aimed to validate the japanese version of the cheat-26. participants were 7076 sch ... | 2016 | 27643567 |
| chess databases as a research vehicle in psychology: modeling large data. | the game of chess has often been used for psychological investigations, particularly in cognitive science. the clear-cut rules and well-defined environment of chess provide a model for investigations of basic cognitive processes, such as perception, memory, and problem solving, while the precise rating system for the measurement of skill has enabled investigations of individual differences and expertise-related effects. in the present study, we focus on another appealing feature of chess-namely, ... | 2016 | 27586138 |
| prognostic utility of clinical epilepsy severity score versus pretreatment hypsarrhythmia scoring in children with west syndrome. | this cross-sectional study assessed the impact of clinical epilepsy severity and pretreatment hypsarrhythmia severity on epilepsy and cognitive outcomes in treated children with west syndrome. thirty-three children, aged 1 to 5 years, with infantile spasms were enrolled if pretreatment eeg records were available, after completion of ≥1 year of onset of spasms. neurodevelopment was assessed by development profile 3 and gross motor function classification system. epilepsy severity in the past 1 ye ... | 2016 | 27582501 |
| pagefocus: using paradata to detect and prevent cheating on online achievement tests. | cheating threatens the validity of unproctored online achievement tests. to address this problem, we developed pagefocus, a javascript that detects when participants abandon test pages by switching to another window or browser tab. in a first study, we aimed at testing whether pagefocus could detect and prevent cheating. we asked 115 lab and 186 online participants to complete a knowledge test comprising items that were difficult to answer but easy to look up on the internet. half of the partici ... | 2016 | 27573006 |
| the profile of academic offenders: features of students who admit to academic dishonesty. | dishonesty in academic settings is a reckless behavior that is unique to students and is associated with cheat ing and plagiarism of academic tasks. incidents involving dishonesty in higher education have increased considerably in the past decade, with regard to the extent of these practices, the types of dishonesty employed, and their prevalence. the current study examines the profile of "academic offenders". which types are more prone to commit academic offenses? to what degree are they "no ... | 2016 | 27569198 |
| cheating the acetabular component horizontally in total hip arthroplasty. | to avoid inadvertent vertical positioning of the acetabular component during total hip arthroplasty (tha), the authors routinely "cheat" component abduction an additional 10° horizontal (goal=30°). this likely increases the incidence of components placed into abduction of less than 30°, the clinical consequences of which are not well studied. the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing tha with acetabular components positioned in less ... | 2016 | 27482731 |
| smartphone applications to reduce alcohol consumption and help patients with alcohol use disorder: a state-of-the-art review. | hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder (aud) are substantial contributors to usa and global morbidity and mortality. patient self-management and continuing care are needed to combat these public health threats. however, services are rarely provided to patients outside of clinic settings or following brief intervention. smartphone applications ("apps") may help narrow the divide between traditional health care and patient needs. the purpose of this review is to identify and summarize smartph ... | 2017 | 27478863 |
| from the immoral to the incorruptible: how prescriptive expectations turn the powerful into paragons of virtue. | ample evidence documents that power increases unethical behavior. this article introduces a new theoretical framework for understanding when power leads to more versus less unethical behavior. our key proposition is that people hold expectations about power that are both descriptive (how the powerful do behave) and prescriptive (how the powerful should behave). people hold descriptive beliefs that the powerful do behave more unethically than the powerless, but they hold prescriptive beliefs that ... | 2016 | 27460274 |
| a smart spoofing face detector by display features analysis. | in this paper, a smart face liveness detector is proposed to prevent the biometric system from being "deceived" by the video or picture of a valid user that the counterfeiter took with a high definition handheld device (e.g., ipad with retina display). by analyzing the characteristics of the display platform and using an expert decision-making core, we can effectively detect whether a spoofing action comes from a fake face displayed in the high definition display by verifying the chromaticity re ... | 2016 | 27455259 |
| rcn expected to meet with health secretary. | as nursing standard went to press on monday the complex political chess-game involving the health care unions and the government took a critical turn. | 1988 | 27415491 |
| integrity of scientific data: transparency of clinical trial data. | the integrity of the data from clinical trials and of its use is an essential element of the scientific method, and of the trust one can have in this method. there are many examples of fraud, and they recur regularly. the objective of this round table was to work on the definition of fraud, on its recognition and prevention especially in the institutional system. fraud involves an active decision to cheat, and ranges from trying to hide incompetence to wholesale invention of data, patients or st ... | 2016 | 27393404 |
| the prevalence and health consequences of frailty in a population-based older home care cohort: a comparison of different measures. | evaluating different approaches to identifying frail home care clients at heightened risk for adverse health outcomes is an important but understudied area. our objectives were to determine the prevalence and correlates of frailty (as operationally defined by three measures) in a home care cohort, the agreement between these measures, and their predictive validity for several outcomes assessed over one year. | 2016 | 27388294 |
| cp-abe based privacy-preserving user profile matching in mobile social networks. | privacy-preserving profile matching, a challenging task in mobile social networks, is getting more attention in recent years. in this paper, we propose a novel scheme that is based on ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption to tackle this problem. in our scheme, a user can submit a preference-profile and search for users with matching-profile in decentralized mobile social networks. in this process, no participant's profile and the submitted preference-profile is exposed. meanwhile, a secur ... | 2016 | 27337001 |
| singing the praises of older people's nurses. | the royal college of nursing's 6th european older people conference, 'transformed through unity', was a great success. hosted on the 'english riviera', alongside such diverse attractions as a stamp exhibition, the torbay chess convention and 'puppetry of the penis', the conference was superbly organised, the venue welcoming and the weather predictably unpredictable. | 2003 | 27315874 |
| insights from two-dimensional mapping of otolith chemistry. | non-destructive microbeam-based methods were used for 2-d mapping of trace elements to gain a greater appreciation of otolith composition and spatial configuration. based on studies of a wide variety of fish taxa, this approach more fully captures the nature of otolith chemical heterogeneity. such variations may be due to a number of factors, including differences in crystallization, genetics, growth or even sample preparation or contamination. examples presented here highlight research conducte ... | 2017 | 27312827 |
| authors' reply. | 2016 | 27272112 | |
| flaws in the development of the chess score. | 2016 | 27272111 | |
| joint modeling of ability and differential speed using responses and response times. | with computerized testing, it is possible to record both the responses of test takers to test questions (i.e., items) and the amount of time spent by a test taker in responding to each question. various models have been proposed that take into account both test-taker ability and working speed, with the many models assuming a constant working speed throughout the test. the constant working speed assumption may be inappropriate for various reasons. for example, a test taker may need to adjust the ... | 2017 | 27269482 |
| selective catalytic synthesis using the combination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen: catalytic chess at the interface of energy and chemistry. | the present review highlights the challenges and opportunities when using the combination co2 /h2 as a c1 synthon in catalytic reactions and processes. the transformations are classified according to the reduction level and the bond-forming processes, covering the value chain from high volume basic chemicals to complex molecules, including biologically active substances. whereas some of these concepts can facilitate the transition of the energy system by harvesting renewable energy into chemical ... | 2016 | 27237963 |
| the prevalence of headache among athletic university students. | headache is certainly one of the most common medical complaints of general population and one of the important causes of consumption of drugs. despite its high overall prevalence, the epidemiology of exertional headache is not clear enough. | 2016 | 27231525 |
| to cheat or not to cheat: tryptophan hydroxylase 2 snp variants contribute to dishonest behavior. | although, lying (bear false witness) is explicitly prohibited in the decalogue and a focus of interest in philosophy and theology, more recently the behavioral and neural mechanisms of deception are gaining increasing attention from diverse fields especially economics, psychology, and neuroscience. despite the considerable role of heredity in explaining individual differences in deceptive behavior, few studies have investigated which specific genes contribute to the heterogeneity of lying behavi ... | 2016 | 27199691 |
| predictive technologies: can smart tools augment the brain's predictive abilities? | the ability of "looking into the future"-namely, the capacity of anticipating future states of the environment or of the body-represents a fundamental function of human (and animal) brains. a goalkeeper who tries to guess the ball's direction; a chess player who attempts to anticipate the opponent's next move; or a man-in-love who tries to calculate what are the chances of her saying yes-in all these cases, people are simulating possible future states of the world, in order to maximize the succe ... | 2016 | 27199648 |
| how to reduce the costs of ornaments without reducing their effectiveness? an example of a mechanism from carotenoid-based plumage. | carotenoid-based ornaments are often considered to be honest indicators of individual quality assessed by potential mates. however, males can use a variety of strategies that minimize the amount of costly carotenoids used while retaining the effectiveness of color signaling. birds could do this by altering pigment intake, metabolism, or its presentation to a potential signal receiver. here, we propose a new mechanism of lowering the costs of carotenoid displays in birds: differential allocation ... | 2017 | 27194821 |
| happiness and identities. | previous sociological research has focused on macro forces that are associated with overall happiness with one's life, but it has neglected an analysis of happiness in immediate situations and the micro forces that may shape it. in this study, we examine social structural as well as individual factors that may influence happiness in situations that are morally challenging. data are examined from an experiment in which satisfying self-interests may involve cheating to get ahead. the results revea ... | 2016 | 27194648 |
| opinion leaders in online cancer support groups: an investigation of their antecedents and consequences. | with a focus on the nature and dynamic process of social interactions among breast cancer patients, this study argues that the notion of opinion leaders can be another crucial factor in explaining positive psychosocial health outcomes within computer-mediated social support (cmss) groups. this study investigates the relationship between opinion leaders and their psychosocial health benefits by considering two overarching questions: (a) who are the opinion leaders? (b) what role do these opinion ... | 2017 | 27192376 |
| nitric oxide and the biological cascades underlying increased neurogenesis, enhanced learning ability, and academic ability as an effect of increased bouts of physical activity. | the consummate principle underlying all physiological research is corporeal adaptation at every level of the organism observed. with respect to humans, the body learns to function based on the external stimuli from the environment, beginning in the womb, throughout the developmental stages of life. nitric oxide (no) appears to be the governor of the plasticity of several systems in mammals implicit in their proper development. it is the purpose of this review to describe the physiological pathwa ... | 2017 | 27182387 |
| distinguishing fast and slow processes in accuracy - response time data. | we investigate the relation between speed and accuracy within problem solving in its simplest non-trivial form. we consider tests with only two items and code the item responses in two binary variables: one indicating the response accuracy, and one indicating the response speed. despite being a very basic setup, it enables us to study item pairs stemming from a broad range of domains such as basic arithmetic, first language learning, intelligence-related problems, and chess, with large numbers o ... | 2016 | 27167518 |
| relative age effect in mind games: the evidence from elite chess. | numerous studies have attempted to investigate the factors affecting superior intellectual performance, and it has been proposed that a possible biological marker for superior intellectual performance is the month of birth. in this study, birth details of chess players were obtained from the official international chess federation website. the rating lists of top junior female chess players ("girls" category), top junior male chess players ("boys"), top female chess players ("female"), and top m ... | 2016 | 27166336 |
| the valjean effect: visceral states and cheating. | visceral states like thirst, hunger, and fatigue can alter motivations, predictions, and even memory. across 3 studies, we demonstrate that such "hot" states can also shift moral standards and increase dishonest behavior. compared to participants who had just eaten or who had not yet exercised, hungry and thirsty participants were more likely to behave dishonestly to win a prize. consistent with the specificity of motivation that is characteristic of visceral states, participants were only more ... | 2016 | 27148848 |
| revisiting the role of the fusiform face area in expertise. | the fusiform face area (ffa) is considered to be a highly specialized brain module because of its central importance for face perception. however, many researchers claim that the ffa is a general visual expertise module that distinguishes between individual examples within a single category. here, i circumvent the shortcomings of some previous studies on the ffa controversy by using chess stimuli, which do not visually resemble faces, together with more sensitive methods of analysis such as mult ... | 2016 | 27082047 |
| the statistical analysis of cheating paradigms. | one type of paradigm commonly used in studies on unethical behavior implements a lottery, relying on a randomization device to determine winnings while ensuring that the randomized outcome is only known to participants. thereby, participants have the incentive and opportunity to cheat by anonymously claiming to have won. data obtained in such a way are often analyzed using the observed "win" responses as a proxy for actual dishonesty. however, because the observed "win" response is contaminated ... | 2016 | 27068733 |
| careful cheating: people cheat groups rather than individuals. | cheating for material gain is a destructive phenomenon in any society. we examine the extent to which people care about the victims of their unethical behavior-be they a group of people or an individual-and whether they are sensitive to the degree of harm or cost that they cause to these victims. the results of three studies suggest that when a group (rather than a single individual) is the victim of one's behavior, the incidence of cheating increases only if the harm to the group is presented i ... | 2016 | 27065898 |
| computer-assisted synthetic planning: the end of the beginning. | exactly half a century has passed since the launch of the first documented research project (1965 dendral) on computer-assisted organic synthesis. many more programs were created in the 1970s and 1980s but the enthusiasm of these pioneering days had largely dissipated by the 2000s, and the challenge of teaching the computer how to plan organic syntheses earned itself the reputation of a "mission impossible". this is quite curious given that, in the meantime, computers have "learned" many other s ... | 2016 | 27062365 |
| there is time for calculation in speed chess, and calculation accuracy increases with expertise. | the recognition-action theory of chess skill holds that expertise in chess is due primarily to the ability to recognize familiar patterns of pieces. despite its widespread acclaim, empirical evidence for this theory is indirect. one source of indirect evidence is that there is a high correlation between speed chess and standard chess. assuming that there is little or no time for calculation in speed chess, this high correlation implies that calculation is not the primary factor in standard chess ... | 2016 | 27029102 |
| parameter optimization for reproducible cardiac (1) h-mr spectroscopy at 3 tesla. | to optimize data acquisition parameters in cardiac proton mr spectroscopy, and to evaluate the intra- and intersession variability in myocardial triglyceride content. | 2016 | 27016265 |
| symmetric encryption algorithms using chaotic and non-chaotic generators: a review. | this paper summarizes the symmetric image encryption results of 27 different algorithms, which include substitution-only, permutation-only or both phases. the cores of these algorithms are based on several discrete chaotic maps (arnold's cat map and a combination of three generalized maps), one continuous chaotic system (lorenz) and two non-chaotic generators (fractals and chess-based algorithms). each algorithm has been analyzed by the correlation coefficients between pixels (horizontal, vertic ... | 2016 | 26966561 |
| one-by-one or all-at-once? self-reporting policies and dishonesty. | organizational monitoring relies frequently on self-reports (e.g., work hours, progress reports, travel expenses). a "one-by-one" policy requires employees to submit a series of reports (e.g., daily or itemized reports). an "all-at-once" policy requires an overall report (e.g., an annual or an overview report). both policies use people's self-reports to determine their pay, and both allow people to inflate their reports to get higher incentives, that is, to cheat. objectively, people can cheat t ... | 2016 | 26924997 |
| the chess score: a simple tool for early prediction of shunt dependency after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. | acute hydrocephalus is an early and common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah). however, considerably fewer patients develop chronic hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement. our aim was to develop a risk score for early identification of patients with shunt dependency after sah. | 2016 | 26918845 |
| a pilot test of a mobile app for drug court participants. | the u.s. criminal justice system refers more people to substance abuse treatment than any other system. low treatment completion rates and high relapse rates among addicted offenders highlight the need for better substance use disorder treatment and recovery tools. mobile health applications (apps) may fill that need by providing continuous support. in this pilot test, 30 participants in a massachusetts drug court program used a-chess, a mobile app for recovery support and relapse prevention, ov ... | 2016 | 26917964 |
| self-determination theory and computer-mediated support: modeling effects on breast cancer patient's quality-of-life. | a breast cancer diagnosis typically results in dramatic and negative effects on an individual's quality of life. web-based interactive support systems such as the comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) offer one avenue for mitigating these negative effects. while evidence supports the efficacy of such systems, evaluations typically fail to provide a true test of the theorized model of effects, treating self-determination theory's constructs of competence, relatedness, and autono ... | 2016 | 26881789 |
| does rubella cause autism: a 2015 reappraisal? | in the 1970s, stella chess found a high prevalence of autism in children with congenital rubella syndrome (crs), 200 times that of the general population at the time. many researchers quote this fact to add proof to the current theory that maternal infection with immune system activation in pregnancy leads to autism in the offspring. this rubella and autism association is presented with the notion that rubella has been eliminated in today's world. crs cases are no longer typically seen; yet, aut ... | 2016 | 26869906 |
| full receiver operating characteristic curve estimation using two alternative forced choice studies. | task-based medical image quality is typically measured by the degree to which a human observer can perform a diagnostic task in a psychophysical human observer study. during a typical study, an observer is asked to provide a numerical score quantifying his confidence as to whether an image contains a diagnostic marker or not. such scores are then used to measure the observers' diagnostic accuracy, summarized by the receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve and the area under roc curve. these ... | 2016 | 26866048 |
| auditory memory function in expert chess players. | chess is a game that involves many aspects of high level cognition such as memory, attention, focus and problem solving. long term practice of chess can improve cognition performances and behavioral skills. auditory memory, as a kind of memory, can be influenced by strengthening processes following long term chess playing like other behavioral skills because of common processing pathways in the brain. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the auditory memory function of expert chess players ... | 2015 | 26793666 |
| pantheon 1.0, a manually verified dataset of globally famous biographies. | we present the pantheon 1.0 dataset: a manually verified dataset of individuals that have transcended linguistic, temporal, and geographic boundaries. the pantheon 1.0 dataset includes the 11,341 biographies present in more than 25 languages in wikipedia and is enriched with: (i) manually verified demographic information (place and date of birth, gender) (ii) a taxonomy of occupations classifying each biography at three levels of aggregation and (iii) two measures of global popularity including ... | 2016 | 26731133 |
| spin-patterned plasmonics: towards optical access to topological-insulator surface states. | topological insulators (ti) are new phases of matter with topologically protected surface states (ss) possessing novel physical properties such as spin-momentum locking. coupling optical angular momentum to the ss is of interest for both fundamental understanding and applications in future spintronic devices. however, due to the nanoscale thickness of the surface states, the light matter interaction is dominated by the bulk. here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a plasmonic cavity enabl ... | 2015 | 26699065 |
| questions of fairness and anti-doping in us cycling: the contrasting experiences of professionals and amateurs. | the focus of researchers, media and policy on doping in cycling is often limited to the professional level of the sport. however, anti-doping test results since 2001 demonstrate that banned substances are also used by us cyclists at lower levels of the sport, necessitating a broader view of the patterns and motivations of substance use within the sport. in this article, we describe and explain the doping culture that has emerged in domestic us cycling among amateur and semi-professionals. throug ... | 2015 | 26692658 |
| making activity recognition robust against deceptive behavior. | healthcare services increasingly use the activity recognition technology to track the daily activities of individuals. in some cases, this is used to provide incentives. for example, some health insurance companies offer discount to customers who are physically active, based on the data collected from their activity tracking devices. therefore, there is an increasing motivation for individuals to cheat, by making activity trackers detect activities that increase their benefits rather than the on ... | 2015 | 26659118 |
| the world anti-doping code in sport: update for 2015. | some athletes cheat by using drugs or medical methods such as transfusion to enhance their performance. however, this may put their health at risk. the world anti-doping agency prohibits certain methods and drugs that may enhance performance, harm the athlete or violate the spirit of sport. some may be banned only during competitions, but others are banned at all times. prohibited substances include over-the-counter and prescription medicines. it is therefore important for athletes and health pr ... | 2015 | 26648655 |
| is age really cruel to experts? compensatory effects of activity. | age-related decline may not be as pronounced in complex activities as it is in basic cognitive processes, but ability deterioration with age is difficult to deny. however, studies disagree on whether age is kinder to more able people than it is to their less able peers. in this article, we investigated the "age is kinder to the more able" hypothesis by using a chess database that contains activity records for both beginners and world-class players. the descriptive data suggested that the skill f ... | 2015 | 26523694 |
| chess: an innovative concept for a new generation of population surveillance. | 2015 | 26511039 | |
| live to cheat another day: bacterial dormancy facilitates the social exploitation of β-lactamases. | the breakdown of antibiotics by β-lactamases may be cooperative, since resistant cells can detoxify their environment and facilitate the growth of susceptible neighbours. however, previous studies of this phenomenon have used artificial bacterial vectors or engineered bacteria to increase the secretion of β-lactamases from cells. here, we investigated whether a broad-spectrum β-lactamase gene carried by a naturally occurring plasmid (pct) is cooperative under a range of conditions. in ordinary b ... | 2016 | 26505830 |
| editorial: neural implementation of expertise. | 2015 | 26483662 | |
| caffeinated forage tricks honeybees into increasing foraging and recruitment behaviors. | in pollination, plants provide food reward to pollinators who in turn enhance plant reproduction by transferring pollen, making the relationship largely cooperative; however, because the interests of plants and pollinators do not always align, there exists the potential for conflict, where it may benefit both to cheat the other [1, 2]. plants may even resort to chemistry: caffeine, a naturally occurring, bitter-tasting, pharmacologically active secondary compound whose main purpose is to detract ... | 2015 | 26480843 |
| chess players' fame versus their merit. | we investigate a pool of international chess title holders born between 1901 and 1943. using elo ratings, we compute for every player his expected score in a game with a randomly selected player from the pool. we use this figure as the player's merit. we measure players' fame as the number of google hits. the correlation between fame and merit is 0.38. at the same time, the correlation between the logarithm of fame and merit is 0.61. this suggests that fame grows exponentially with merit. | 2015 | 26478711 |
| cognitive expertise: an ale meta-analysis. | expert performance constitutes the endpoint of skill acquisition and is accompanied by widespread neuroplastic changes. to reveal common mechanisms of reorganization associated with long-term expertise in a cognitive domain (mental calculation, chess, language, memory, music without motor involvement), we used activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and compared brain activation of experts to nonexperts. twenty-six studies matched inclusion criteria, most of which reported an increase and ... | 2016 | 26467981 |
| a comparison of sexual health history and practices among monogamous and consensually nonmonogamous sexual partners. | although consensually nonmonogamous (cnm) relationships are presumed to be far riskier for partners' sexual health compared with monogamous relationships, the disparity between them may be smaller than assumed. a growing body of research finds that many partners who have made monogamy agreements cheat, and when they do, they are less likely to practice safe sex than cnm partners. | 2015 | 26395880 |