Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| chemical shift assignments of mb1858 (24-155), a fha domain-containing protein from mycobacterium bovis. | the forkhead-associated (fha) domain is known as a phosphopeptide recognition domain embedded in regulatory proteins from both eukaryotes and bacteria with various biological functions. in this study, the gene encoding a predicted fha domain from mb1858 (residues v24-d155 from the 162 amino acid protein mb1858) in mycobacterium bovis was cloned, and u-(13)c/(15)n-labeled protein was prepared for backbone and side chain resonance assignments by nmr spectroscopy. these assignments are preliminary ... | 2017 | 28856609 |
| distribution of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria strains from suspected tuberculosis patients by heat shock protein 65 pcr-rflp. | the genus mycobacterium contains more than 150 species. non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (ntm) often cause extrapulmonary and pulmonary disease. mycobacteria detection at species level is necessary and provides useful information on epidemiology and facilitates successful treatment of patients. this retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence of the ntm isolates and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in clinical specimens collected from iranian patients during february 2011-december 2013, by ... | 2017 | 28855835 |
| the new xpert mtb/rif ultra: improving detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to rifampin in an assay suitable for point-of-care testing. | the xpert mtb/rif assay (xpert) is a rapid test for tuberculosis (tb) and rifampin resistance (rif-r) suitable for point-of-care testing. however, it has decreased sensitivity in smear-negative sputum, and false identification of rif-r occasionally occurs. we developed the xpert mtb/rif ultra assay (ultra) to improve performance. ultra and xpert limits of detection (lod), dynamic ranges, and rif-r rpob mutation detection were tested on mycobacterium tuberculosis dna or sputum samples spiked with ... | 2017 | 28851844 |
| mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin alters melanoma microenvironment favoring antitumor t cell responses and improving m2 macrophage function. | intralesional mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) has long been a relatively inexpensive therapy for inoperable cutaneous metastatic melanoma (cmm), although intralesional bcg skin mechanisms remain understudied. we analyzed intralesional bcg-treated cmm lesions combined with in vitro studies to further investigate bcg-altered pathways. since macrophages play a pivotal role against both cancer and mycobacterial infections, we hypothesized bcg regulates macrophages to promote antit ... | 2017 | 28848560 |
| tnf, tnf inducers and tnfr2 agonists: a new path to type 1 diabetes treatment. | in the past decade, interest in the century-old tuberculosis vaccine, bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), has been revived for potential new therapeutic uses in type 1 diabetes and other forms of autoimmunity. | 2017 | 28843039 |
| molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in morocco. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is caused by mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. mycobacterium bovis have been described to be responsible of most cases of bovine tuberculosis. although m. tuberculosis, m. africanum and non-complex mycobacteria were isolated from cattle. in morocco, so far, no molecular studies were conducted to characterize the strains responsible of btb. the present study aims to characterize m. bovis in morocco. the present study was conduc ... | 2017 | 28841870 |
| relative abundance of mycobacterium bovis molecular types in cattle: a simulation study of potential epidemiological drivers. | the patterns of relative species abundance are commonly studied in ecology and epidemiology to provide insights into underlying dynamical processes. molecular types (mvla-types) of mycobacterium bovis, the causal agent of bovine tuberculosis, are now routinely recorded in culture-confirmed bovine tuberculosis cases in northern ireland. in this study, we use ecological approaches and simulation modelling to investigate the distribution of relative abundances of mvla-types and its potential driver ... | 2017 | 28830547 |
| oral vaccination with heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis does not interfere with the antemortem diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis in goats. | vaccination against tuberculosis (tb) is prohibited in cattle or other species subjected to specific tb eradication campaigns, due to the interference that it may cause with the official diagnostic tests. however, immunization with a heat-inactivated (hi) mycobacterium bovis vaccine via the oral route has been suggested to overcome this issue. in this study, the main goal was to assess the interference of the hi vaccine by different routes of administration using a previous vaccination and re-va ... | 2017 | 28824927 |
| transcriptome analysis of mycobacteria-specific cd4(+) t cells identified by activation-induced expression of cd154. | analysis of ag-specific cd4(+) t cells in mycobacterial infections at the transcriptome level is informative but technically challenging. although several methods exist for identifying ag-specific t cells, including intracellular cytokine staining, cell surface cytokine-capture assays, and staining with peptide:mhc class ii multimers, all of these have significant technical constraints that limit their usefulness. measurement of activation-induced expression of cd154 has been reported to detect ... | 2017 | 28821584 |
| field evaluation of the efficacy of mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine against tuberculosis in goats. | control of animal tuberculosis (tb) through vaccination has emerged as a long-term strategy to complement test and slaughter control strategy. a pilot trial under field conditions was conducted in a goat herd with high tb prevalence to assess the efficacy of the mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine. | 2017 | 28818102 |
| wildlife disease ecology from the individual to the population: insights from a long-term study of a naturally-infected european badger population. | 1. long-term individual-based datasets on host-pathogen systems are a rare and valuable resource for understanding the infectious disease dynamics in wildlife. a study of european badgers (meles meles) naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis (btb) at woodchester park in gloucestershire (uk) has produced a unique dataset, facilitating investigation of a diverse range of epidemiological and ecological questions with implications for disease management. 2. since the 1970s this badger population ... | 2017 | 28815647 |
| the mycobacterial phosphatase ptpa regulates the expression of host genes and promotes cell proliferation. | mycobacterium tuberculosis ptpa is a secreted effector protein that dephosphorylates several proteins in the host cell cytoplasm, such as p-jnk, p-p38, and p-vps33b, leading to suppression of host innate immunity. here we show that, in addition, ptpa enters the nucleus of host cells and regulates the expression of host genes, some of which are known to be involved in host innate immunity or in cell proliferation and migration (such as gadd45a). ptpa can bind directly to the promoter region of ga ... | 2017 | 28811474 |
| nontuberculosis mycobacteria are the major causes of tuberculosis like lesions in cattle slaughtered at bahir dar abattoir, northwestern ethiopia. | the main cause of bovine tuberculosis (btb) is believed to be mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis). nontuberculosis mycobacteria (ntm) are neglected but opportunistic pathogens and obstacles for btb diagnosis. this study aimed to isolate and characterize the mycobacteria organisms involved in causing tb-like lesions in cattle in northwestern ethiopia. | 2017 | 28810868 |
| tuberculosis joint infections in four domestic cats. | this paper describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings and outcome in four cats with confirmed joint-associated tuberculosis. the cats were 2-6 years of age, and immune competent. three cases had tuberculosis affecting only one joint, whereas one case had at least three joints affected. two cases were caused by mycobacterium bovis, and the other two were caused by mycobacterium microti. radiological findings included osteolysis, periosteal reaction and associated soft tissue ... | 2017 | 28804639 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis sige mutant st28 used as a vaccine induces protective immunity in the guinea pig model. | with more than 9 million new infections and 1.5 million deaths claimed every year, tuberculosis remains one of the major scourges of humankind. the only vaccine available against this disease, the attenuated strain mycobacterium bovis, bcg is effective against severe forms of the disease in infants, but scarcely effective in protecting adults from the pulmonary form of the disease, thus not stopping transmission. consequently, the development of an effective anti-tuberculosis vaccine is a major ... | 2017 | 28802412 |
| quadruple immunotherapy of bacillus calmette-guérin, interferon, interleukin-2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as salvage therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. | bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is the most effective initial intravesical therapy for high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, but many patients still fail. combination intravesical bcg and interferon (ifn) will salvage some patients but results remain suboptimal. | 2017 | 28801026 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and predominant clones among the multidrug-resistant isolates in spain 1998-2005. | although the incidence of tuberculosis (tb) is gradually decreasing in spain, there is an increase in the proportion of foreign-born cases. this changing scenario is slowly shifting the local tb epidemiology from endemic to imported cases with an increased risk for multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug resistant (xdr) strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. mdr/xdr strains from spain (n=366 mtbc isolates, 1 strain per patient) isolated between 1998 and 2005 were retained for this ... | 2017 | 28789982 |
| recombinant bcg vaccines: molecular features and their influence in the expression of foreign genes. | recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccines (rbcg) were first developed in the 1990s as a means of expressing antigens from multiple pathogens. this review examines the key structural factors of recombinant m. bovis that influence the expression of the heterologous antigens and the generation of genetic and functional stability in rbcg, which are crucial for inducing strong and lasting immune responses. the fundamental aim of this paper is to provide an overview of factors that affect the expre ... | 2017 | 28779291 |
| screening of health-care workers for latent tuberculosis infection in a tertiary care hospital. | health-care workers (hcws) are at increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis (tb) than the general population. while national-level data on the burden of tb in general population is available from reliable sources, nationally representative data on latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) burden in hcws in the high burden countries is lacking. | 2017 | 28776523 |
| a novel nanoemulsion vaccine induces mucosal interleukin-17 responses and confers protection upon mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge in mice. | tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is contracted via aerosol infection, typically affecting the lungs. mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) is the only licensed vaccine and has variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary tb. additionally, chemotherapy is associated with low compliance contributing to development of multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) mtb. thus, there is an urgent need for the design of more effective vacci ... | 2017 | 28774560 |
| comparison of semi-automated commercial rep-pcr fingerprinting, spoligotyping, 12-locus miru-vntr typing and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the embb gene as molecular typing tools for mycobacterium bovis. | highly discriminatory genotyping strategies are essential in molecular epidemiological studies of tuberculosis. in this study we evaluated, for the first time, the efficacy of the repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) diversilab mycobacterium typing kit over spoligotyping, 12-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (miru-vntr) typing and embb single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis for mycobacterium bovis typing. | 2017 | 28771142 |
| dendritic cells maturated by co-culturing with hiv-1 latently infected jurkat t cells or stimulating with aids-associated pathogens secrete tnf-alpha to reactivate hiv-1 from latency. | elucidation of mechanisms underlying the establishment, maintenance of and reactivation from hiv-1 latency is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating hiv-1 reservoirs. microbial translocation, as a consequence of hiv-1-induced deterioration of host immune system, is known to result in a systemic immune activation and transient outbursts of hiv-1 viremia in chronic hiv-1 infection. how these microbes cause the robust hiv-1 reactivation remains elusive. dendrit ... | 2017 | 28762863 |
| a haplotype at intron 8 of ptprt gene is associated with resistance to brucella infection in argentinian creole goats. | brucellosis is the leading zoonosis on a worldwide scale and constitutes a major public health threat in many regions of the world. several molecular markers associated with natural resistance to intracellular bacterial infection have been identified. recently seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) located in the ptprt gene were associated with resistance to mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. here, we perform a case-control study to test if polymorphisms at ptprt intron 8 might influ ... | 2017 | 28757013 |
| transgenerational social stress alters immune-behavior associations and the response to vaccination. | similar to the multi-hit theory of schizophrenia, social behavior pathologies are mediated by multiple factors across generations, likely acting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. exposure to social adversity, especially during early life, has been proposed to induce depression symptoms through immune mediated mechanisms. basal immune factors are altered in a variety of neurobehavioral models. in the current study, we assessed two aspects of a transgenerational chronic social stre ... | 2017 | 28753980 |
| whole genome sequencing of mycobacterium bovis to obtain molecular fingerprints in human and cattle isolates from baja california, mexico. | to determine genetic diversity by comparing the whole genome sequences of cattle and human mycobacterium bovis isolates from baja california. | 2017 | 28739421 |
| using white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in infectious disease research. | between 1940 and 2004, more than 335 emerging infectious disease events were reported in the scientific literature. the majority (60%) of these events involved zoonoses, most of which (72%) were of wildlife origin or had an epidemiologically important wildlife host. because this trend of increasing emerging diseases likely will continue, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases in the relevant wildlife host is paramount. achieving this goal often requires usi ... | 2017 | 28724483 |
| tuberculous psoas abscess and worsening vascular aneurysm; all from bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) therapy? | background intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder and for the prophylaxis of primary or recurrent stage ta and t1 papillary tumors following transurethral resection. significant systemic complications are rare but have been reported. case report we describe this case of mycobacterium bovis psoas abscess and worsening abdominal aortic aneurysm following bcg therapy for bladder cancer. a 76-year-old male pres ... | 2017 | 28720750 |
| immunological properties and protective efficacy of a single mycobacterial antigen displayed on polyhydroxybutyrate beads. | in 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new tuberculosis (tb) cases and 1.4 million deaths worldwide. bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, is the vaccine available against tb, but it is insufficient for global tb control. this study evaluated the immunogenicity of the mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen rv1626 in mice while assessing the effect of co-delivering either cpe30 (immunostimulatory peptide), cs.t3378-395 (promiscuous t helper epitope) or fla ... | 2017 | 28714174 |
| draft genome sequences of two mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from beef cattle in paraguay. | this work reports the draft genome sequences of the mycobacterium bovis strains m1009 and m1010, isolated from the lymph nodes of two infected cows on a beef farm in paraguay. comparative genomics between these strains and other regional strains may provide more insights regarding m. bovis epidemiology in south america. | 2017 | 28705977 |
| ahpc of the mycobacterial antioxidant defense system and its interaction with its reducing partner thioredoxin-c. | despite the highly oxidative environment of the phagosomal lumen, the need for maintaining redox homeostasis is a critical aspect of mycobacterial biology. the pathogens are equipped with the sophisticated thioredoxin- (trx) and peroxiredoxin system, including trxc and the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c (ahpc), whereby trxc is one of the reducing partners of ahpc. here we visualize the redox modulated dodecamer ring formation of ahpc from mycobacterium bovis (bcg strain; mbahpc) using e ... | 2017 | 28698569 |
| investigation of bovine tuberculosis outbreaks using the trace-back system and molecular typing in korean hanwoo beef cattle. | bovine tuberculosis is a chronic contagious disease responsible for major agricultural economic losses. abattoir monitoring and trace-back systems are an appropriate method to control bovine tuberculosis, particularly in beef cattle. in the present study, a trace-back system was applied to bovine tuberculosis outbreaks of korean native hanwoo beef cattle. bovine tuberculosis was detected in three index beef cattle during abattoir monitoring in jeonbuk province, korea, and the original herds were ... | 2017 | 28693300 |
| field evaluation of candidate baits for oral delivery of bcg vaccine to european badgers, meles meles. | the control of tuberculosis (tb) in cattle in the uk and ireland is compromised by transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle from the european badger (meles meles), which acts as a wildlife reservoir. vaccination of badgers could potentially contribute to tb control but the only licensed vaccine is injectable badgerbcg which requires the live-capture of badgers. current research is aimed at developing an oral tb vaccine (where vaccine is contained within bait) that is intended to be more cos ... | 2017 | 28689652 |
| design, synthesis and antitubercular potency of 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1h)-ones. | in this study, a 50-membered library of substituted 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1h)-ones and two closely related analogues was designed, scored in-silico for drug likeness and subsequently synthesized. thirteen derivatives, all sharing a common 3-phenyl substituent showed minimal inhibitory concentrations against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra below 10 μm and against mycobacterium bovis an5a below 15 μm but were inactive against faster growing mycobacterial species. none of these selected derivatives ... | 2017 | 28689097 |
| survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bcg in lysosomes in vivo. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful pathogens known, having infected more than a third of the global population. an important strategy for intracellular survival of pathogenic mycobacteria relies on their capacity to resist delivery to lysosomes, instead surviving within macrophage phagosomes. several factors of both mycobacterial and host origin have been implicated in this process. however, whether or not this strategy is employed in vivo is not clear. here we show that in ... | 2017 | 28689009 |
| experimental mycobacterium bovis infection in three white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum): susceptibility, clinical and anatomical pathology. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis is endemic in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) population in the kruger national park and other conservation areas in south africa. the disease has been diagnosed in a total of 21 free ranging or semi-free ranging wildlife species in the country with highly variable presentations in terms of clinical signs as well as severity and distribution of tuberculous lesions. most species are spillover or dead-end hosts without significant role in the epidem ... | 2017 | 28686714 |
| use of fecal volatile organic compound analysis to discriminate between non-vaccinated and bcg-vaccinated cattle prior to and after mycobacterium bovis challenge. | bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health concern. development of diagnostic tools to improve test accuracy and efficiency in domestic livestock and enable surveillance of wildlife reservoirs would improve disease management and eradication efforts. use of volatile organic compound analysis in breath and fecal samples is being developed and optimized as a means to detect disease in humans and animals. in this study we demonstrate that vocs present in fecal samples can be ... | 2017 | 28686691 |
| draft genome sequences of three mycobacterium bovis strains identified in cattle and wildlife in france. | mycobacterium bovis is the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease affecting livestock, wild animals, and sometimes humans. we report here three draft genome sequences of mycobacterium bovis strains of spoligotypes sb0821 and sb0134, isolated from wildlife but circulating in wildlife-livestock multihost systems, and sb0121, circulating exclusively in cattle. | 2017 | 28684564 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium bovis in cameroon. | we describe the largest molecular epidemiological study of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in a sub-saharan african country with higher spatial resolution providing new insights into btb. four hundred and ninety-nine samples were collected for culture from 201 and 179 cattle with and without btb-like lesions respectively out of 2,346 cattle slaughtered at bamenda, ngaoundere, garoua and maroua abattoirs between 2012-2013. two hundred and fifty-five m. bovis were isolated, identified and genotyped usin ... | 2017 | 28680043 |
| assessment of bcg and inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccines in an experimental tuberculosis infection model in sheep. | animal tuberculosis (tb) is a complex animal health problem that causes disruption to trade and significant economic losses. tb involves a multi-host system where sheep, traditionally considered a rare host of this infection, have been recently included. the aims of this study were to develop an experimental tb infection model in sheep with a mycobacterium caprae field strain isolated from a tuberculous diseased ewe, and to use this to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two vaccines against tb ... | 2017 | 28678885 |
| a case of disseminated mycobacterium bovis 2 years post-intravesicular bacillus calmette-guérin therapy for superficial urinary bladder cancer. | disseminated mycobacterium bovis is an uncommon side-effect of intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) therapy that may be mediated through mycobacteraemia. this case report, of a 77-year-old man with a history of intravesical bcg therapy and recent cardiac surgery, highlights the need for patients with similar features on history, presenting with generalised symptoms, to have mycobacterial cultures included in their workup. | 2017 | 28677313 |
| use of whole-genome sequencing and evaluation of the apparent sensitivity and specificity of antemortem tuberculosis tests in the investigation of an unusual outbreak of mycobacterium bovis infection in a michigan dairy herd. | objective to describe use of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) and evaluate the apparent sensitivity and specificity of antemortem tuberculosis tests during investigation of an unusual outbreak of mycobacterium bovis infection in a michigan dairy herd. design bovine tuberculosis (btb) outbreak investigation. animals cattle, cats, dog, and wildlife. procedures all cattle in the index dairy herd were screened for btb with the caudal fold test (cft), and cattle ≥ 6 months old were also screened with a ... | 2017 | 28671497 |
| evaluation of the mycobacterium tuberculosis so2 vaccine using a natural tuberculosis infection model in goats. | the development of new vaccines against animal tuberculosis (tb) is a priority for improving the control and eradication of this disease, particularly in those species not subjected to compulsory eradication programmes. in this study, the protection conferred by the mycobacterium tuberculosis so2 experimental vaccine was evaluated using a natural infection model in goats. twenty-six goats were distributed in three groups: (1) 10 goats served as a control group; (2) six goats were subcutaneously ... | 2017 | 28671074 |
| il-10 suppression of ifn-γ responses in tuberculin-stimulated whole blood from mycobacterium bovis infected cattle. | the measurement of bovine interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) forms the basis of a diagnostic test for bovine tuberculosis where mycobacterium bovis sensitised effector t cells produce ifn-γ following in vitro stimulation with tuberculin antigens. in cattle infected with m. bovis it is also known that the anti-inflammatory il-10 cytokine can inhibit in vitro production of ifn-γ leading to a reduced response in the ifn-γ diagnostic test. in order to investigate this in greater detail, whole blood samples fr ... | 2017 | 28669385 |
| an integrated study of human and animal infectious disease in the lake victoria crescent small-holder crop-livestock production system, kenya. | the neglected zoonotic diseases (nzd) are an understudied group that are a major cause of illness throughout the developing world. in general, little is known about the prevalence and burden of nzds in affected communities, particularly in relation to other infectious diseases with which they are often co-endemic. we describe the design and descriptive epidemiological outputs from an integrated study of human and animal zoonotic and non-zoonotic disease in a rural farming community in western ke ... | 2017 | 28666412 |
| fine-mapping host genetic variation underlying outcomes to mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy cows. | susceptibility to mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle is governed in part by host genetics. however, cattle diagnosed as infected with m. bovis display varying signs of pathology. the variation in host response to infection could represent a continuum since time of exposure or distinct outcomes due to differing pathogen handling. the relationships between host genetics and variation in host response and pathological sequelae following m. bovis infection were explored by genotyping 1966 holst ... | 2017 | 28646863 |
| a case of intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin-related endophthalmitis and retinitis confirmed with retinal biopsy. | to present a rare case of bilateral endogenous chorioretinitis and unilateral endophthalmitis due to mycobacterium bovis in a patient who received intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) treatment. | 2017 | 28644177 |
| the impact of genome region of difference 4 (rd4) on mycobacterial virulence and bcg efficacy. | comparative genome analyses have revealed a number of regions of difference (rd) among mycobacterial species. the functional consequences of most of these genome variations have not been studied. rd4, which encompasses rv1506c-rv1516c of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) h37rv, is absent in the closely related mycobacterium bovis and m. bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). on the other hand, we previously found that mycobacterium marinum has an extended rd4 which includes a number of genes invo ... | 2017 | 28642843 |
| microrna-144-3p inhibits autophagy activation and enhances bacillus calmette-guérin infection by targeting atg4a in raw264.7 macrophage cells. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding nucleotides that play major roles in the response of host immune cells. autophagy plays a key role in activating the antimicrobial host defense against mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). whether mirnas specifically influence the activation of macrophage autophagy during m. tuberculosis infection is largely unknown. in the present study, we demonstrate that mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) infection of macrophages leads to increa ... | 2017 | 28636635 |
| serology and protein electrophoresis for evidence of exposure to 12 mink pathogens in free-ranging american mink (neovison vison) in argentina. | basic pathologic characteristics for farmed minks were previously reported worldwide. however, its status in the wild has not been studied in detail. | 2017 | 28635524 |
| evaluation of a new rapid kit, bd mgit tbc identification test for confirmation of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | at present, three rapid kits are available globally for the confirmation of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) in cultures by mpt64 antigen (mpt64 ag) detection. these include capilia tb, sd bioline, and bd mgit tbc identification (tbcid). the third kit is yet to be validated in india. we have tested this kit and compared with sd bioline using conventional tests as gold standard. seventy-one mtbc (70 m. tuberculosis and one mycobacterium bovis) and four nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) w ... | 2017 | 28631644 |
| pathology and genetic findings in a rare case of mycobacterium caprae infection in a sow. | bovine tuberculosis, a reemerging zoonosis in diverse ecological scenarios, has been reported in the autochthonous nebrodi black pig breed population used for meat production in italy. during a routine abattoir inspection in 2013, 24 of 299 carcasses (8%) of nebrodi black pigs presented tuberculosis-like lesions at pathologic examination. mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 23 animals and m. caprae from a 3-year-old sow. the sow showed severe diffuse lesions involving the visceral organs, righ ... | 2017 | 28622866 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a fusion protein tuberculosis vaccine combining five esx family proteins. | one strategy to develop the next generation of tuberculosis vaccines is to construct subunit vaccines based on t cell antigens. in this study, we have evaluated the vaccine potential of a fusion protein combining esxb, esxd, esxg, esxu, and esxm of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb). this recombinant protein, named bm, was expressed in and purified from escherichia coli. immunization of c57bl/6 mice with purified bm protein formulated in freund's incomplete adjuvant induced the production of th1 ... | 2017 | 28620588 |
| original mycobacterial sin, a consequence of highly homologous antigens? | the role of antigens shared between mycobacteria in in-vivo cross-reactive immune responses in host animals, have been reported to be responsible for reduced bcg vaccination efficacy as well reduced specificity of routine immunological diagnostic tests. this presents with significant disease control challenges in humans and animals. the present review highlights the results of previous studies on the effect of pre-sensitization to environmental mycobacteria on either pathogenic mycobacteria and/ ... | 2017 | 28619159 |
| evaluation of antigen specific interleukin-1β as a biomarker to detect cattle infected with mycobacterium bovis. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a major world-wide health problem that has been difficult to control, due to the lack of an effective vaccine and limited ability of the tuberculin skin test (tst) and the ancillary whole blood interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) release assay (igra) to detect all infected animals. a 6 h cytokine flow cytometric ifn-γ (cfc) assay was developed in effort to overcome these limitations and expand methods for studying the mechanisms of btb immunopathogenesis. the present study was ... | 2017 | 28610788 |
| disseminated infection due to mycobacterium bovis after intravesical instilaltion of bacillus calmette-guérin. | 2017 | 28610767 | |
| synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel 3-aryl-5-(alkyl-thio)-1h-1,2,4-triazoles derivatives targeting mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a small library of new 3-aryl-5-(alkyl-thio)-1h-1,2,4-triazoles was synthesized and screened for the antimycobacterial potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37 ra strain and mycobacterium bovis bcg both in active and dormant stage. among the synthesized library, 25 compounds exhibited promising anti-tb activity in the range of ic50 0.03-5.88 μg/ml for dormant stage and 20 compounds in the range of 0.03-6.96 μg/ml for active stage. their lower toxicity (>100 μg/ml) and higher selectivity (s ... | 2017 | 28609019 |
| altered humoral immunity to mycobacterial antigens in japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium bovis (bcg) have been associated to several human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (ms), but there are conflicting evidence on the issue. the objective of this study is to evaluate their role in japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (idds). a total of 97 idds subjects including 51 ms and 46 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (nmosd) patients, and 34 hea ... | 2017 | 28600575 |
| potential for rapid antibody detection to identify tuberculous cattle with non-reactive tuberculin skin test results. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) control programs generally rely on the tuberculin skin test (tst) for ante-mortem detection of mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. | 2017 | 28592322 |
| diagnosis of mycobacteria in bovine milk: an overview. | tuberculosis remains as the world's biggest threat. in 2014, human tuberculosis ranked as a major infectious disease by the first time, overcoming hiv death rates. bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of global distribution that affects animals and can be transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw milk, representing a serious public health concern. despite the efforts of different countries to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, the high negative economic impact on meat and milk ... | 2017 | 28591268 |
| mycobacterium bovis hosted by free-living-amoebae permits their long-term persistence survival outside of host mammalian cells and remain capable of transmitting disease to mice. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is a zoonotic disease caused by mycobacterium bovis. despite intensive tb control campaigns, there are sporadic outbreaks of bovine tb in regions declared tb free. it is unclear how m. bovis is able to survive in the environment for long periods of time. we hypothesized that free-living amoebae (fla), as ubiquitous inhabitants of soil and water, may act as long-term reservoirs of m. bovis in the environment. in our model, m. bovis would be taken up by amoebal trophozoite ... | 2017 | 28585299 |
| conflicting role of mycobacterium species in multiple sclerosis. | mycobacterium is a genus of aerobic and acid-fast bacteria, which include several pathogenic organisms that cause serious diseases in mammals. previous studies have associated the immune response against mycobacteria with multiple sclerosis (ms), a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. the role of mycobacteria in the pathological process has been controversial and often conflicting. we provide a detailed review of the mycobacteria that have been linke ... | 2017 | 28579973 |
| health-care associated mycobacterium bovis-bcg infection in cancer patients without prior bcg instillation. | bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, is widely used as adjunctive therapy for superficial bladder cancer. intravesical administration of bcg has been associated with systemic infection. disseminated infection due to m. bovis is otherwise uncommon. | 2017 | 28575173 |
| a new adjuvant mtom mediates mycobacterium tuberculosis subunit vaccine to enhance th1-type t cell immune responses and il-2(+) t cells. | the only licensed vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) cannot prevent the prevalence of tuberculosis (tb), which remains a major public health problem worldwide. a more effective tb vaccine than bcg is urgently needed. subunit vaccine is a promising strategy, and suitable adjuvants will benefit the development of effective tb subunit vaccines. mto, consisting of monophosphoryl lipid a (mpla), trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (tdb), and mf59, was developed as an adjuvant of tb vacc ... | 2017 | 28572807 |
| a new rabbit-skin model to evaluate protective efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines. | background: bcg protection is suboptimal and there is significant interest to develop new tuberculosis (tb) vaccines. however, there are significant limitations of the current vaccine evaluation systems in the mouse model. here, we developed a bcg-challenge rabbit skin model as a new way to evaluate the protective efficacy of selected tb subunit vaccine candidates. methods: rabbits were immunized with subunit vaccines, including eamm (esat6-ag85b-mpt64<190-198>-mtb8.4), mh (mtb10.4-hspx), and lt ... | 2017 | 28567030 |
| [molecular epidemiology of human mycobacterium bovis infection in aegean region, turkey]. | mycobacterium bovis, which has a broader host spectrum as opposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis that generally causes disease in humans, mainly leads to chronic progressive pulmonary disease in a large number of domestic and wild mammals, particularly cattle. the term "zoonotic tuberculosis (tb)" is used to describe m.bovis infection in humans. "zoonotic tb" can not be differentiated clinically, radiologically or pathologically from tb caused by m.tuberculosis. the aim of this study was to evalu ... | 2017 | 28566080 |
| prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in slaughtered cattle in eastern cape, south africa. | to detect the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) in the lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle collected from selected abattoirs in eastern cape province of south africa. | 2017 | 28552545 |
| total igm and anti-phosphatidylcholine igm antibody secretion continue after clearance of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin pleural infection. | the cellular immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been well characterized, while the humoral antibody response remains underexplored. we aimed to examine the total and anti-phospholipid igm levels in the pleural lavage from mice with mycobacterium bovis bcg extrapulmonary infection. we found that the levels of total and anti-phosphatidylcholine igm antibodies remained significantly higher in infected mice as compared to non-infected mice up to day 90 after bcg infection, w ... | 2017 | 28551717 |
| the effects of a psychological intervention directed at optimizing immune function: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. | previous research has provided evidence for the link between psychological processes and psychophysiological health outcomes. psychological interventions, such as face-to-face or online cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) and serious games aimed at improving health, have shown promising results in promoting health outcomes. few studies so far, however, have examined whether internet-based cbt combined with serious gaming elements is effective in modulating health outcomes. moreover, studies often ... | 2017 | 28549484 |
| evaluation of pathogen-specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | objective to develop a noninvasive biomarker-based detection system specific for mycobacterium bovis for monitoring infection in wild animals. sample serum samples from 8 experimentally infected yearling white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and 3 age-matched control deer and from 393 minnesota department of natural resources hunter-harvested white-tailed deer in northwest minnesota. procedures 8 yearling deer were inoculated with 2 × 10(8) cfus of virulent m bovis strain 1315 (day 0), and ... | 2017 | 28541150 |
| assessment of concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium bovis: a herd-level risk factor analysis from northern ireland. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a significant pathogen of cattle, leading to severe economic and animal-welfare impacts. furthermore, the pathogen has been associated with impacting the progression or spread of other pathogens (e.g. mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb)). during this study we investigated (i) risk factors for bvdv at a herd-level and (ii) whether there was any association between bvdv and herd-level btb risk. the data for this study were ga ... | 2017 | 28532992 |
| the central role of ifi204 in ifn-β release and autophagy activation during mycobacterium bovis infection. | mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) is the pathogen of animals and humans that can replicate in the phagosomes of myeloid cells. cytosolic detection of bacterial products plays a crucial role in initiating the innate immune response, including autophagy activation and interferon-β (ifn-β) release. although ifn-β release and autophagy activation have been reported during mycobacterium infection, the mechanisms underlying remains poorly defined. here, we demonstrated that ifn-β release increases in mac ... | 2017 | 28529930 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein mpt83 induces apoptosis of infected macrophages by activating the tlr2/p38/cox-2 signaling pathway. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to pose a serious global health threat. the attenuated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin, as the only licensed vaccine, has limited protective efficacy against tb. the development of more effective antituberculosis vaccines is urgent and demands for further identification and understanding of m. tuberculosis ags. mpt83 (rv2873), a secreted mycobacterial lipoprotein, has been applied into subunit vaccine development and shown ... | 2017 | 28507027 |
| bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) infection induces exosomal mirna release by human macrophages. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a significant global health concern and its diagnosis is challenging due to the limitations in the specificity and sensitivity of the current diagnostic tests. exosomes are bioactive 30-100 nm vesicles produced by most cell types and are found in almost all human body fluids. exosomal micrornas (mirnas) can transfer biological information between cells and tissues and may act as potential biomarkers in many diseases. in this pilot study, we assessed the mirna profile of ... | 2017 | 28499455 |
| development of a novel immunochromatographic lateral flow assay specific for mycobacterium bovis cells and its application in combination with immunomagnetic separation to test badger faeces. | the european badger is an important wildlife reservoir of mycobacterium bovis implicated in the spread of bovine tuberculosis in the united kingdom and ireland. infected badgers are known to shed m. bovis in their urine and faeces, which may contaminate the environment. to aid bovine tuberculosis control efforts novel diagnostic tests for detecting infected and shedding badgers are needed. we proposed development of a novel, rapid immunochromatographic lateral flow device (lfd) as a non-invasive ... | 2017 | 28499434 |
| using white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in infectious disease research. | between 1940 and 2004, more than 335 emerging infectious disease events were reported in the scientific literature. themajority (60%) of these events involved zoonoses, most of which (72%) were of wildlife origin or had an epidemiologically important wildlife host. because this trend of increasing emerging diseases likely will continue, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases in the relevant wildlife host is paramount. achieving this goal often requires usin ... | 2017 | 28497727 |
| etha/r-independent killing of mycobacterium tuberculosis by ethionamide. | ethionamide (eth) is part of the drug arsenal available to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. the current paradigm of this pro-drug activation involves the mycobacterial enzyme etha and the transcriptional repressor, ethr. however, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of additional players. the etha/r locus was deleted in mycobacterium bovis bcg and three mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains. while complete resistance to eth was observed with bcg etha/r ko, drug susceptibi ... | 2017 | 28487681 |
| assessment of antigenic supplementation of bovine purified protein derivative for diagnosis of subclinical infection with mycobacterium bovis in cattle. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is usually diagnosed in vivo and ex vivo on the basis of delayed hypersensitivity reactions with a complex pool of antigens named bovine tuberculin (ppdb). the ifn-γ release assay (igra) for btb is a blood-based assay that improves detection of infected cattle at early stages that escape skin testing. improvements to ifn-γ testing with specific proteins have been performed to increase sensitivity. dosr regulon-related antigens are well known mycobacterial proteins expre ... | 2017 | 28487230 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a domesticated korean wild boar ( sus scrofa coreanus). | tuberculosis, a chronic progressive disease, has been reported in bovine, swine, and primate species. here, we report the first case of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a korean wild boar ( sus scrofa coreanus). the owners this domesticated boar brought it to the gyeongbuk veterinary service laboratory in korea after it was found dead and severely emaciated. demarcated yellowish white nodules were found around the larynx and retropharyngeal lymph node during necropsy. the lungs had diffus ... | 2017 | 28485632 |
| tuberculosis disease among mexico-born individuals living in new york city, 2001-2014. | tuberculosis (tb) has decreased substantially in new york city (nyc), but progress has slowed in recent years. continued declines will require novel approaches tailored to foreign-born populations. | 2017 | 28482960 |
| psoas abscess after bacille calmette-guérin instillations causing iliac artery contained rupture. | intravesical administration of bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is considered to be the therapy of choice for treating superficial bladder carcinoma. created from a live attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, bcg is theoretically unable to cause infections. however, both local and systemic complications due to infection are known to arise, including vascular complications. we describe the case of a patient with a history of bcg instillations presenting with an arterial rupture of his left iliac ... | 2017 | 28478023 |
| disseminated bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) infections in infants with immunodeficiency. | the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) preparations are live-attenuated derivatives of mycobacterium bovis. these products are used to vaccinate infants at birth, a practice that may result in a disseminated infection in those patients who have an unidentified immunodeficiency. | 2017 | 28476145 |
| the role of hydrophobicity in tuberculosis evolution and pathogenicity. | the evolution of tubercle bacilli parallels a route from environmental mycobacterium kansasii, through intermediate "mycobacterium canettii", to the modern mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. cell envelope outer membrane lipids change systematically from hydrophilic lipooligosaccharides and phenolic glycolipids to hydrophobic phthiocerol dimycocerosates, di- and pentaacyl trehaloses and sulfoglycolipids. such lipid changes point to a hydrophobic phenotype for m. tuberculosis sensu stricto. using ... | 2017 | 28465507 |
| the performance of the interferon gamma assay when used as a diagnostic or quality assurance test in mycobacterium bovis infected herds. | there are two different contexts in the irish btb eradication programme in which the interferon-gamma assay (ifn-γ) is applied. firstly, the ifn-γ assay is applied routinely to high risk cohorts in herds with four or more reactors to the sictt. the ifn-γ test is then carried out on blood samples submitted to the laboratory within 8h of collection (diagnostic testing). secondly, the use of the ifn-γ assay has recently been extended to test sictt reactors as part of a general quality assurance (qa ... | 2017 | 28460744 |
| comparison of the bbl mycobacteria growth indicator tube, the bactec 12b, and solid media for the isolation of mycobacterium bovis. | we compared different methods for their ability to isolate mycobacterium bovis from tissue samples from animals with lesions resembling bovine tuberculosis. in the first trial, m. bovis was isolated from 86 of 200 tissue samples that were cultured using 2 liquid media, bactec 12b and bbl mycobacteria growth indicator tube (mgit), and a solid medium, middlebrook 7h11 supplemented with pyruvate (7h11p). m. bovis was isolated from 2 samples with mgit but not bactec 12b. m. bovis was isolated from 9 ... | 2017 | 28460600 |
| toll-like receptor (tlr) diversity influences mycobacterial growth in african buffalo. | understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance or spread of emerging infectious diseases is a growing priority across the world. bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a chronic, infectious disease caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis). btb is widespread within game reserves in southern africa, and within these ecosystems the primary wildlife host of this disease is the african buffalo. we used a modified bacterial killing assay for mycobacteria to investigate the effect of toll-like receptor (t ... | 2017 | 28454655 |
| genotyping and rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from the lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle. | in developing nations, 10-20% of the human cases of tuberculosis are caused by mycobacterium bovis. however, this percentage may be underestimated because most laboratories in developing countries do not routinely perform mycobacterial cultures, and only a few have the systems in place to identify m. bovis. there are few studies investigating genotypic diversity and drug resistance in m. bovis from animal and/or human infections. the genotypic diversity of m. bovis strains obtained from bovine l ... | 2017 | 28454647 |
| [tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis in workers of bovine tuberculosis sanitation farms in antioquia, boyacá and cundinamarca]. | to perform classic and molecular epidemiological surveillance of human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis in bovine supply chains at farms with ppd positive bovines in the departments of antioquia, boyacá and cundinamarca during a one-year period. | 2017 | 28453114 |
| p2x7 receptor in bone marrow-derived cells aggravates tuberculosis caused by hypervirulent mycobacterium bovis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a serious public health problem despite the great scientific advances in the recent decades. we have previously shown that aggressive forms of tb caused by hypervirulent strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis are attenuated in mice lacking the p2x7 receptor, an ion channel activated by extracellular atp. therefore, p2x7 receptor is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. in vitro, hypervirulent mycobacteria cause macrophage death by a p2x ... | 2017 | 28450867 |
| impact of temperature and soil type on mycobacterium bovis survival in the environment. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of the bovine tuberculosis (btb), mainly affects cattle, its natural reservoir, but also a wide range of domestic and wild mammals. besides direct transmission via contaminated aerosols, indirect transmission of the m. bovis between wildlife and livestock might occur by inhalation or ingestion of environmental substrates contaminated through infected animal shedding. we monitored the survival of m. bovis in two soil samples chosen for their contrasted phy ... | 2017 | 28448585 |
| modulation of macrophage responses by cmx, a fusion protein composed of ag85c, mpt51, and hspx from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (tb). due to the poor protection conferred by bcg in adults, new, more effective formulations have been developed. a recombinant bcg vaccine expressing the cmx fusion protein ag85c_mpt51_hspx (rbcg-cmx) induced th1 and th17 responses and provided better protection than bcg. it has been shown that mycobacterium smegmatis expressing cmx also induces better protection than bcg and is a strong macrophage act ... | 2017 | 28446902 |
| one bacillus to rule them all? - investigating broad range host adaptation in mycobacterium bovis. | 2017 | 28434972 | |
| water-pipe smoke condensate increases the internalization of mycobacterium bovis of type ii alveolar epithelial cells (a549). | tuberculosis (tb) is a major global health problem, and there is an association between tobacco smoke and tb. water pipe smoking has become an increasing problem not only in middle eastern countries but also globally because users consider it as safer than cigarettes. the presence of high levels of toxic substances in water-pipe smoke may be a predisposing factor that enhances the incidence of pulmonary disorders. for example, uncontrolled macropinocytosis in alveolar epithelial cells following ... | 2017 | 28431548 |
| endogenous and exogenous kdpf peptide increases susceptibility of mycobacterium bovis bcg to nitrosative stress and reduces intramacrophage replication. | emerging antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria like mycobacterium sp., poses a threat to human health and therefore calls for the development of novel antibacterial strategies. we have recently discovered that bacterial membrane peptides, such as kdpf, possess anti-virulence properties when overproduced in pathogenic bacterial species. overproduction of the kdpf peptide in mycobacterium bovis bcg decreased bacterial replication within macrophages, without presenting antibacterial activity ... | 2017 | 28428950 |
| preclinical development of bcg.hiva(2auxo.int), harboring an integrative expression vector, for a hiv-tb pediatric vaccine. enhancement of stability and specific hiv-1 t-cell immunity. | one of the critical issues that should be addressed in the development of a bcg-based hiv vaccine is genetic plasmid stability. therefore, to address this issue we have considered using integrative vectors and the auxotrophic mutant of bcg complemented with a plasmid carrying a wild-type complementing gene. in this study, we have constructed an integrative e. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid, p2auxo.hiva(int), expressing the hiv-1 clade a immunogen hiva. this shuttle vector uses an antibiotic ... | 2017 | 28426273 |
| subunit vaccines consisting of antigens from dormant and replicating bacteria show promising therapeutic effect against mycobacterium bovis bcg latent infection. | to screen effective antigens as therapeutic subunit vaccines against mycobacterium latent infection, we did bioinformatics analysis and literature review to identify effective antigens and evaluated the immunogenicity of five antigens highly expressed in dormant bacteria, which included rv2031c (hspx), rv2626c (hrp1), rv2007c (fdxa), rv1738 and rv3130c. then, several fusion proteins such as rv2007c-rv2626c (f6), rv2031c-rv1738-rv1733c (h83), esat6-rv1738-rv2626c (lt40), esat6-ag85b-mpt64<190-198 ... | 2017 | 28426145 |
| insights into local tumor microenvironment immune factors associated with regression of cutaneous melanoma metastases by mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin. | mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is listed as an intralesional (il) therapeutic option for inoperable stage iii in-transit melanoma in the national comprehensive cancer network guidelines. although the mechanism is unknown, others have reported up to 50% regression of injected lesions, and 17% regression of uninjected lesions in immunocompetent patients after direct injection of bcg into metastatic melanoma lesions in the skin. bcg and other mycobacteria express ligands capable ... | 2017 | 28424760 |
| immune responses to bacillus calmette-guérin vaccination: why do they fail to protect against mycobacterium tuberculosis? | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), is the current leading cause of death due to a single infectious organism. although curable, the broad emergence of multi-, extensive-, extreme-, and total-drug resistant strains of m.tb has hindered eradication efforts of this pathogen. furthermore, computational models predict a quarter of the world's population is infected with m.tb in a latent state, effectively serving as the largest reservoir for any human pathoge ... | 2017 | 28424703 |
| inference of the infection status of individuals using longitudinal testing data from cryptic populations: towards a probabilistic approach to diagnosis. | effective control of many diseases requires the accurate detection of infected individuals. confidently ascertaining whether an individual is infected can be challenging when diagnostic tests are imperfect and when some individuals go for long periods of time without being observed or sampled. here, we use a multi-event capture-recapture approach to model imperfect observations of true epidemiological states. we describe a method for interpreting potentially disparate results from individuals sa ... | 2017 | 28424454 |
| design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of wollamide b; a new potential anti tb agent. | wollamide b is a cationic antimycobacterial cyclohexapeptide that exhibits activity against mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) (ic50 of 3.1 μm). aiming to define its structural activity relationship (sar), optimizing potency and pharmacokinetic properties, libraries of analogues were synthesized following a standard fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis approach. the antimycobacterial activities of wollamide b and all the synthesized analogues were tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) ... | 2017 | 28423019 |
| progenitor strain introduction of mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife-livestock interface can lead to clonal expansion of the disease in a single ecosystem. | mycobacterium bovis infects multiple wildlife species and domesticated cattle across south africa, and negatively impacts on livestock trade and movement of wildlife for conservation purposes. m. bovis infection was first reported in the kruger national park (knp) in south africa during the 1990s, and has since spread to infect numerous animal host species throughout the park and across south africa. whole genome sequencing data of 17 m. bovis isolates were analyzed to investigate the genomic di ... | 2017 | 28412523 |