Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
variation in local carrying capacity and the individual fate of bacterial colonizers in the phyllosphere.using a phyllosphere model system, we demonstrated that the term 'carrying capacity', as it is commonly used in microbial ecology, needs to be understood as the sum of many 'local carrying capacities' in order to better explain and predict the course and outcome of bacterial colonization of an environment. using a green fluorescent protein-based bioreporter system for the quantification of reproductive success (rs) in individual erwinia herbicola cells, we were able to reconstruct the contributi ...201222258099
suppressing erwinia carotovora pathogenicity by projecting n-acyl homoserine lactonase onto the surface of pseudomonas putida cells.n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) serve as the vital quorum-sensing signals that regulate the virulence of the pathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora. in the present study, an approach to efficiently restrain the pathogenicity of e. carotovora-induced soft rot disease is described. bacillus thuringiensis-derived n-acyl homoserine lactonase (aiia) was projected onto the surface of pseudomonas putida cells, and inoculation with both strains was challenged. the previously identified n-terminal moi ...201122210621
multiple origins of endosymbiosis within the enterobacteriaceae (gamma-proteobacteria): convergence of complex phylogenetic approaches.abstract: background: the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae gave rise to a variety of symbiotic forms, from the loosely associated commensals, often designated as secondary (s) symbionts, to obligate mutualists, called primary (p) symbionts. determination of the evolutionary processes behind this phenomenon has long been hampered by the unreliability of phylogenetic reconstructions within this group of bacteria. the main reasons have been the absence of sufficient data, the highly derived nat ...201122201529
Peptidotriazoles with antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens.We designed and prepared peptidotriazoles based on the antimicrobial peptide BP100 (LysLysLeuPheLysLysIleLeuLysTyrLeu-NH(2)) by introducing a triazole ring in the peptide backbone or onto the side chain of a selected residue. These compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibition of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, and for their cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells and tobacco leaves. Their proteolytic susceptibility was also analyzed. The antibacterial activity and the hemolysi ...201122198367
erwinia amylovora novel plasmid pei70: complete sequence, biogeography, and role in aggressiveness in the fire blight phytopathogen.comparative genomics of several strains of erwinia amylovora, a plant pathogenic bacterium causal agent of fire blight disease, revealed that its diversity is primarily attributable to the flexible genome comprised of plasmids. we recently identified and sequenced in full a novel 65.8 kb plasmid, called pei70. annotation revealed a lack of known virulence-related genes, but found evidence for a unique integrative conjugative element related to that of other plant and human pathogens. comparative ...201122174857
construction of new pichia pastoris x-33 strains for production of lycopene and β-carotene.in this study, we used the non-carotenogenic yeast pichia pastoris x33 as a receptor for β-carotene-encoding genes, in order to obtain new recombinant strains capable of producing different carotenoidic compounds. we designed and constructed two plasmids, pgapza-ebi* and pgapza-ebi*l*, containing the genes encoding lycopene and β-carotene, respectively. plasmid pgapza-ebi*, expresses three genes, crte, crtb, and crti*, that encode three carotenogenic enzymes, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, ...201122159890
Differential Expression of Biphenyl Synthase Gene Family Members in Fire Blight-Infected Apple cv. 'Holsteiner Cox'Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease of apple (Malus × domestica). The phytoalexins of apple are biphenyls and dibenzofurans, whose carbon skeleton is formed by biphenyl synthase (BIS), a type III polyketide synthase. In the recently published genome sequence of the apple variety 'Golden Delicious', nine BIS genes and four BIS gene fragments were detected. The nine genes fall into four subfamilies, referred to as MdBIS1 to MdBIS4. In a phylogenetic tre ...201122158676
silencing of flavanone-3-hydroxylase in apple (malus × domestica borkh.) leads to accumulation of flavanones, but not to reduced fire blight susceptibility.transgenic antisense flavanone-3-hydroxylase apple plants were produced to mimic the effect of the agrochemical prohexadione-ca on apple leaves. this enzyme inhibitor for 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases is used as a growth retardant and for control of secondary fire blight of leaves. like using the agent, silencing of flavanone-3-hydroxylase leads to an accumulation of flavanones in leaves, but in contrast not to the formation of 3-deoxyflavonoids. in prohexadione-ca treated leaves the 3-d ...201222153235
Antibacterial Activities of Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extracts.The antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of the leaves of Himalayan gymnospermous plant Ginkgo biloba L. was assessed against five animal and plant pathogenic strains (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Xanthomonas phaseoli) employing disc-diffusion and broth-dilution assays. The methanol extract showed the highest activity (zone of inhibition of 15-21?mm) followed by ethanol (14-19?mm), chloroform (15 ...201122125471
hopx1 in erwinia amylovora functions as an avirulence protein in apple and is regulated by hrpl.fire blight is a devastating disease of rosaceous plants caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora. this pathogen delivers virulence proteins into host cells utilizing the type iii secretion system (t3ss). expression of the t3ss and of translocated and secreted substrates is activated by the alternative sigma factor hrpl, which recognizes hrp box promoters upstream of regulated genes. a collection of hidden markov model (hmm) profiles was used to identify putative hrp boxes in the ...201122123252
stacking of antimicrobial genes in potato transgenic plants confers increased resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens.solanum tuberosum plants were transformed with three genetic constructions expressing the nicotiana tabacum ap24 osmotine, phyllomedusa sauvagii dermaseptin and gallus gallus lysozyme, and with a double-transgene construction expressing the ap24 and lysozyme sequences. re-transformation of dermaseptin-transformed plants with the ap24/lysozyme construction allowed selection of plants simultaneously expressing the three transgenes. potato lines expressing individual transgenes or double- and tripl ...201122115953
Comparative genomics of the type VI secretion systems of Pantoea and Erwinia species reveals the presence of putative effector islands that may be translocated by the VgrG and Hcp proteins.ABSTRACT:201122115407
The genetic and structural basis of two distinct terminal side branch residues in stewartan and amylovoran exopolysaccharides and their potential role in host adaptation.Stewartan and amylovoran exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the plant pathogenic bacteria Pantoea stewartii and Erwinia amylovora are virulence factors in the cause of Stewart's vascular wilt and fire blight. The biosynthesis of amylovoran and stewartan is encoded by a set of homologous operons that have been partially characterized, although some annotations are solely on the basis of sequence homology. The major distinguishing features of these two EPS forms are the presence of a terminal pyr ...201222111898
Antimicrobial and anti-pathogenic activity of some thioureides derivatives against Erwinia amylovora phytopathogenic strains.A series of N-(1-methyl-1 Hpyrazole-4-carbonyl)-thiourea derivatives were assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial and anti-pathogenic activity against twenty-two strains of Erwinia amylovora isolated from different regions in Romania. The compounds were solubilised in dimethylsulfoxide and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The qualitative screening of the susceptibility spectra of various strains to the compounds was performed by adapted diffusion techniques (distribution of ...201122106508
mutational biosynthesis of neomycin analogs by a mutant of neomycin-producing streptomyces fradiae.neomycin, produced by streptomyces fradiae, has been widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections in clinical and agricultural applications. in this study, a neomycin nonproducing mutant of s. fradiae was obtained by gene disruption technique for mutational biosynthesis. a crucial gene neoc (neo7) which encodes 2-deoxystreptamine (2-dos) synthases was disrupted. the mutant could resume producing neomycin in the presence of 2-dos. salen derivatives of 2-dos were synthesized and individua ...201122083789
E622, a miniature, virulence-associated mobile element.Miniature inverted terminal repeat elements (MITEs) are nonautonomous mobile elements that have a significant impact on bacterial evolution. Here we characterize E622, a 611-bp virulence-associated MITE from Pseudomonas syringae, which contains no coding region but has almost perfect 168-bp inverted repeats. Using an antibiotic coupling assay, we show that E622 is transposable and can mobilize an antibiotic resistance gene contained between its borders. Its predicted parent element, designated T ...201222081398
pinellia ternata agglutinin expression in chloroplasts confers broad spectrum resistance against aphid, whitefly, lepidopteran insects, bacterial and viral pathogens.broad spectrum protection against different insects and pathogens requires multigene engineering. however, such broad spectrum protection against biotic stress is provided by a single protein in some medicinal plants. therefore, tobacco chloroplasts were transformed with the agglutinin gene from pinellia ternata (pta), a widely cultivated chinese medicinal herb. pinellia ternata agglutinin (pta) was expressed up to 9.2% of total soluble protein in mature leaves. purified pta showed similar hemag ...201122077160
Selection of a New Whole Cell Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of 2-Deoxyribose 5-Phosphate.2-Deoxyribose 5-phosphate (DR5P) is a key intermediate in the biocatalyzed preparation of deoxyribonucleosides. Therefore, DR5P production by means of simpler, cleaner, and economic pathways becomes highly interesting. One strategy involves the use of bacterial whole cells containing DR5P aldolase as biocatalyst for the aldol addition between acetaldehyde and D: -glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or glycolytic intermediates that in situ generate the acceptor substrate. In this work, diverse microorgani ...201122057938
symptomatic severe hypertriglyceridaemia with asparaginase therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) and lymphoblastic lymphoma: is rechallenging safe?severe hyperlipidaemia with asparaginase therapy is rare. we report six cases, four of which developed significant problems with severe hyperlipidaemia during induction therapy for all and lymphoblastic lymphoma. the median triglyceride level was 22.3 mmol/l and the median cholesterol level was 12.3 mmol/l. none of the patients showed signs or symptoms of pancreatitis. three children were re-exposed with peg asparaginase, and one with erwinia asparaginase, without recurrence of hyperlipidaemia o ...201122057510
massive production of butanediol during plant infection by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genera dickeya and pectobacterium.plant pathogenic bacteria of the genera dickeya and pectobacterium are broad-host-range necrotrophs which cause soft-rot diseases in important crops. a metabolomic analysis, based on (13)c-nmr spectroscopy, was used to characterize the plant-bacteria interaction. metabolic profiles revealed a decline in plant sugars and amino acids during infection and the concomitant appearance of a compound identified as 2,3-butanediol. butanediol is the major metabolite found in macerated tissues of various h ...201122032684
functional characterization and biological significance of yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes.in silico analysis of available bacterial genomes revealed the phylogenetic proximity levels of enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) of yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, to homologous proteins of closely related yersinia spp. and some other bacteria (serratia proteamaculans, erwinia carotovora, burkholderia dolosa, photorhabdus luminescens and others). isogenic y. pestis mutants with single or double mutations in 14 genes of lps biosynthetic pathways were construc ...201121999543
complete genomic sequence of bacteriophage felix o1.bacteriophage o1 is a myoviridae a1 group member used historically for identifying salmonella. sequencing revealed a single, linear, 86,155-base-pair genome with 39% average g+c content, 131 open reading frames, and 22 trnas. closest protein homologs occur in erwinia amylovora phage fea21-4 and escherichia coli phage wv8. proteomic analysis indentified structural proteins: gp23, gp36 (major tail protein), gp49, gp53, gp54, gp55, gp57, gp58 (major capsid protein), gp59, gp63, gp64, gp67, gp68, gp ...201021994654
erwinia uzenensis sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects european pear trees (pyrus communis l.).bacteria were isolated from black lesions on shoots of european pear (pyrus communis) trees in an orchard in japan this novel pathogen has been characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, which suggested that it should belong to the genus erwinia but might not correspond to either erwinia amylovora or erwinia pyrifoliae (mizuno et al., 2010). the phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rdna, gyrb and rpod sequences indicated that it could not be assigned to any regognized species of the genus. d ...201121986725
kdgr, an iclr family transcriptional regulator, inhibits virulence mainly by repression of hrp genes in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.kdgr has been reported to negatively regulate the genes involved in degradation and metabolization of pectic acid and other extracellular enzymes in soft-rotting erwinia spp. through direct binding to their promoters. the possible involvement of a kdgr orthologue in virulence by affecting the expression of extracellular enzymes in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of rice blight disease, was examined by comparing virulence and regulation of extracellular enzymes between the wild ty ...201121984784
wolbachia-mediated antibacterial protection and immune gene regulation in drosophila.the outcome of microbial infection of insects is dependent not only on interactions between the host and pathogen, but also on the interactions between microbes that co-infect the host. recently the maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria wolbachia has been shown to protect insects from a range of microbial and eukaryotic pathogens. mosquitoes experimentally infected with wolbachia have upregulated immune responses and are protected from a number of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, pla ...201121980455
the orphan gene ybjn conveys pleiotropic effects on multicellular behavior and survival of escherichia coli.ybjn, encoding an enterobacteria-specific protein, is a multicopy suppressor of temperature sensitivity in the ts9 mutant strain of escherichia coli. in this study, we further explored the role(s) of ybjn. first, we demonstrated that the ybjn transcript was about 10-fold lower in the ts9 strain compared to that of e. coli strain bw25113 (bw). introduction of multiple copies of ybjn in the ts9 strain resulted in over-expression of ybjn by about 10-fold as compared to that of bw. these results sug ...201121980417
detection of erwinia species from the apple and pear flora by mass spectroscopy of whole cells and with novel pcr primers.to detect the apple and pear pathogens erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae as well as the related epiphytes erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae, we created novel pcr primers and also applied them to a series of other plant-associated bacteria as control. to facilitate fast diagnosis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms).201221973322
biophysical investigations into the interactions of endotoxins with bile acids.the interaction of selected endotoxin preparations (lipid a from erwinia carotovora and lps re and ra from salmonella enterica sv. minnesota strains r595 and r60, respectively) with selected bile acids was investigated biophysically. endotoxin aggregates were analyzed for their gel-to-liquid crystalline phase behavior, the type of their aggregates, the conformation of particular functional groups, and their zeta potential in the absence and presence of the bile acids by applying fourier-transfor ...201121954318
anti-escherichia coli asparaginase antibody levels determine the activity of second-line treatment with pegylated e coli asparaginase: a retrospective analysis within the all-bfm trials.hypersensitivity reactions limit the use of the antileukemic enzyme asparaginase (ase). we evaluated ab levels against escherichia coli ase and ase activity in 1221 serum samples from 329 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had received ase treatment according to the all-bfm 2000 or the all-rez bfm 2002 protocol for primary or relapsed disease. ase activity during first-line treatment with native e coli ase and second-line treatment with pegylated e coli ase was inversely related to a ...201121940824
Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Regulated by the Rcs Phosphorelay System in Erwinia amylovora.The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is one of the major pathogenicity factors in Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apples and pears. We have previously demonstrated that the RcsBCD phosphorelay system is essential for virulence by controlling amylovoran biosynthesis. We have also found that the hybrid sensor kinase RcsC differentially regulates amylovoran production in vitro and in vivo. To further understand how the Rcs system regulates E. amylovora virulence gene expression, w ...201221936662
antagonistic intestinal microflora produces antimicrobial substance inhibitory to pseudomonas species and other spoilage organisms.chicken intestine harbors a vast number of bacterial strains. in the present study, antimicrobial substance produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy chicken was detected, characterized, and purified. based on 16s rrna sequencing, the bacteria were identified as lactobacillus plantarum vn. the antimicrobial substance produced by this bacterium was designated vn-1 and exhibited a broad-spectrum of activity against many important pathogenic and spoi ...201121913924
definition of the common and divergent steps in carbapenem β-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis.approximately 50 naturally occurring carbapenem β-lactam antibiotics are known. all but one of these have been isolated from streptomyces species and are disubstituted structural variants of a simple core that is synthesized by pectobacterium carotovorum (erwinia carotovora), a phylogenetically distant plant pathogen. while the biosynthesis of the simple carbapenem, (5r)-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid, is impressively efficient requiring only three enzymes, cara, carb and carc, the formation of ...201121913298
change of supercooling capability in solutions containing different kinds of ice nucleators by flavonol glycosides from deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells in trees.deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells (xpcs) in katsura tree contain flavonol glycosides with high supercooling-facilitating capability in solutions containing the ice nucleation bacterium (inb) erwinia ananas, which is thought to have an important role in deep supercooling of xpcs. the present study, in order to further clarify the roles of these flavonol glycosides in deep supercooling of xpcs, the effects of these supercooling-facilitating (anti-ice nucleating) flavonol glycosides, kaempfe ...201121906586
pecs is an important player in the regulatory network governing the coordinated expression of virulence genes during the interaction between dickeya dadantii 3937 and plants.successful infection of a pathogen relies on the coordinated expression of numerous virulence factor-encoding genes. in plant-bacteria interactions, this control is very often achieved through the integration of several regulatory circuits controlling cell-cell communication or sensing environmental conditions. dickeya dadantii (formerly erwinia chrysanthemi), the causal agent of soft rot on many crops and ornamentals, provokes maceration of infected plants mainly by producing and secreting a ba ...201121906221
Proposal to reclassify Brenneria quercina (Hildebrand & Schroth 1967) Hauben et al. 1999 into a novel genus, Lonsdalea gen. nov., as Lonsdalea quercina comb. nov., descriptions of Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina comb. nov., Lonsdalea quercina subsp. iberica subsp. nov. and Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica subsp. nov., emendation of the description of the genus Brenneria, reclassification of Dickeya dieffenbachiae as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae comb. nov., and emendation of the description of Dickeya dadantii.Bacterial isolates from oak in Spain and Britain, showing symptoms of bark canker and Acute Oak Decline (AOD) respectively, were examined by a polyphasic approach. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on partial sequences of gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD, revealed that the isolates were separated into two genetic groups according to their origin. Their closest phylogenetic relative was B. quercina, the causal agent of drippy nut disease of oak, which clustered ...201121890733
Quantification of polyphenols during retting and characterization of bacteria from the Kadinamkulam Backwaters, Kerala.The retting environment which provides a competitive niche for specialized microbes is speculated to harbour a variety of microbes with high biodegradation potential. In this context, an effort has been made to isolate and identify bacterial species having high tolerance to phenol In vitro. Maximum polyphenol (1.897 mg l(-1)) as observed during the initial period of retting, which decreased as retting proceeded. Based on biochemical characterization, the isolated bacterial strains were identifie ...201121888245
Functional analysis of the Phycomyces carRA gene encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase.Phycomyces carRA gene encodes a protein with two domains. Domain R is characterized by red carR mutants that accumulate lycopene. Domain A is characterized by white carA mutants that do not accumulate significant amounts of carotenoids. The carRA-encoded protein was identified as the lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase enzyme by sequence homology with other proteins. However, no direct data showing the function of this protein have been reported so far. Different Mucor circinelloides mutants ...201121858003
genetic characterization of the hrpl regulon of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora reveals novel virulence factors.the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, an economically significant disease of apple and pear. disease initiation by e.ôçâamylovora requires the translocation of effector proteins into host cells via the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type iii secretion system (t3ss). the alternative sigma factor hrpl positively regulates the transcription of structural and translocated components of the t3ss via hrp promoter elements. to characterize genome- ...201121831138
cell surface attachment structures contribute to biofilm formation and xylem colonization of erwinia amylovora.biofilm formation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of erwinia amylovora and the systemic invasion of plant hosts. the functional role of the exopolysaccharides amylovoran and levan in pathogenesis and biofilm formation has been evaluated. however, the role of biofilm formation, independent of exopolysaccharide production, in pathogenesis and movement within plants, has not been studied previously. evaluation of the role of attachment in e. amylovora biofilm formation and virulence was e ...201121821744
genomics of iron acquisition in the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora: insights in the biosynthetic pathway of the siderophore desferrioxamine e.genomics has clarified the biosynthetic pathway for desferrioxamine e critical for iron acquisition in the enterobacterial fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. evidence for each of the individual steps and the role of desferrioxamine e biosynthesis in pathogen virulence and cell protection from host defenses is presented. using comparative genomics, it can be concluded that desferrioxamine biosynthesis is ancestral within the genera erwinia and pantoea.201121814817
under-three minute pcr: probing the limits of fast amplification.nucleic acid amplification is enormously useful to the biotechnology and clinical diagnostic communities; however, to date point-of-use pcr has been hindered by thermal cycling architectures and protocols that do not allow for near-instantaneous results. in this work we demonstrate pcr amplification of synthetic sars respiratory pathogenic targets and bacterial genomic dna in less than three minutes in a hardware configuration utilizing convenient sample loading and disposal. instead of sample m ...201121796289
molecular and physiological properties of bacteriophages from north america and germany affecting the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora.for possible control of fire blight affecting apple and pear trees, we characterized erwinia amylovora phages from north america and germany. the genome size determined by electron microscopy (em) was confirmed by sequence data and major coat proteins were identified from gel bands by mass spectroscopy. by their morphology from em data, fea1h and fea100 were assigned to the podoviridae and fea104 and fea116 to the myoviridae. host ranges were essentially confined to e. amylovora, strains of the ...201121791029
metabolic versatility and antibacterial metabolite biosynthesis are distinguishing genomic features of the fire blight antagonist pantoea vagans c9-1.pantoea vagans is a commercialized biological control agent used against the pome fruit bacterial disease fire blight, caused by erwinia amylovora. compared to other biocontrol agents, relatively little is currently known regarding pantoea genetics. better understanding of antagonist mechanisms of action and ecological fitness is critical to improving efficacy.201121789243
immobilization of erwinia sp. d12 cells in alginate-gelatin matrix and conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose using response surface methodology.isomaltulose is a noncariogenic reducing disaccharide and also a structural isomer of sucrose and is used by the food industry as a sucrose replacement. it is obtained through enzymatic conversion of microbial sucrose isomerase. an erwinia sp. d12 strain is capable of converting sucrose into isomaltulose. the experimental design technique was used to study the influence of immobilization parameters on converting sucrose into isomaltulose in a batch process using shaken erlenmeyer flasks. we asse ...201121785708
proteins from erwinia asparaginase erwinase(®) and e. coli asparaginase 2 medac(®) for treatment of human leukemia, show a multitude of modifications for which the consequences are completely unclear.l-asparaginase from erwinia chrysanthemi (aspg_erwch; uniprotkb accession number p06608 (erwinase(®) )) and l-asparaginase 2 from escherichia coli (aspg2_ecoli; uniprotkb accession number p00805 (medac(®) )), both l-asparagine amidohydrolases, are widely used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. a series of serious side effects have been reported and this warrants studies into the protein chemistry of the medical products sold. mass spectrometry (ms) data on aspg_erwch and aspg2_ec ...201121769889
novel virulent and broad host range erwinia amylovora bacteriophages reveal a high degree of mosaicism and relationship to enterobacteriaceae phages.a diverse set of 24 novel phages infecting the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora was isolated from fruit production environments in switzerland. based on initial screening, four phages (l1, m7, s6, and y2) with broad host ranges were selected for detailed characterization and genome sequencing. phage l1 is a member of the podoviridae, with a 39.3 kbp genome featuring invariable genome ends with direct terminal repeats. phage s6, another podovirus was also found to possess direct terminal re ...201121764969
a rapid lateral-flow immunoassay for phytosanitary detection of erwinia amylovora and on-site fire blight diagnosis.fire blight is an invasive disease caused by erwinia amylovora that threatens pome fruit production globally. effective implementation of phytosanitary control measures depends upon rapid, reliable pathogen detection and disease diagnosis. we developed a lateral-flow immunoassay specific for e. amylovora with a detection limit of log 5.7cfu/ml, typical of pathogen concentrations in symptomatic plant material. the simple assay had comparable sensitivity to standard culture plating, serum agglutin ...201121741998
cora, the magnesium/nickel/cobalt transporter, affects virulence and extracellular enzyme production in the soft rot pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum.pectobacterium carotovorum (formerly erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora) is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes soft rot disease, characterized by water-soaked soft decay, resulting from the action of cell wall-degrading exoenzymes secreted by the pathogen. virulence in soft rot bacteria is regulated by environmental factors, host and bacterial chemical signals, and a network of global and gene-specific bacterial regulators. we isolated a mini-tn5 mutant of p. carotovorum that is reduced in ...201121726393
pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii: lessons learned from a xylem-dwelling pathogen of sweet corn.pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii is a gram-negative enteric bacterium that primarily infects sweet corn. studies of this bacterium have provided useful insight into how xylem-dwelling bacteria establish themselves and incite disease in their hosts. pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii is a remarkable bacterial system for laboratory studies because of its relative ease of propagation and genetic manipulation, and the fact that it appears to employ a minimal number of pathogenicity mechanisms. in ...201121726365
selective inhibition of erwinia amylovora by the herbicidally active germination-arrest factor (gaf) produced by pseudomonas bacteria.aims:ôçé the germination-arrest factor (gaf) produced by pseudomonas fluorescens wh6, and identified as 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine, specifically inhibits the germination of a wide range of grassy weeds. this study was undertaken to determine whether gaf has antimicrobial activity in addition to its inhibitory effects on grass seed germination. methods and results:ôçé culture filtrate from ps.-áfluorescens wh6 had little or no effect on 17 species of bacteria grown in petri dish lawns, but the ...201121726360
expression profiles of differentially regulated genes during the early stages of apple flower infection with erwinia amylovora.to identify genes involved in the response to the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora in apple (malus+ùdomestica), expression profiles were investigated using an apple oligo (70-mer) array representing 40, 000 genes. blossoms of a fire blight-susceptible apple cultivar gala were collected from trees growing in the orchard, placed on a tray in the laboratory, and spray-inoculated with a suspension of e. amylovora at a concentration of 10(8) cfu ml(-1). uninoculated detached flowers served as c ...201121725032
isoarnottinin 4'-glucoside, a glycosylated coumarin from prangos uloptera, with biological activity.coumarins are a well-known group of natural products distributed in the plant kingdom especially in the family apiaceae with various biological activities. isoarnottinin 4'-glucoside is a simple glycosylated coumarin found previously in a few genera of apiaceae, and its biological activities have not been previously described in details. in the present paper, the compound was isolated from prangos uloptera (apiaceae) leaves using hplc techniques. antimicrobial, phytotoxic and cytotoxic activitie ...201121717896
antibiosis activity of pantoea agglomerans biocontrol strain e325 against erwinia amylovora on apple flower stigmas.pantoea agglomerans e325, the active ingredient in a commercial product for fire blight control, was previously shown in vitro to produce a unique alkaline- and phosphate-sensitive antibiotic specific to erwinia amylovora. antibiosis was evaluated as a mode of antagonism on flower stigmas using two antibiosis-deficient mutants. on king's medium b, mutants e325ad1 and e325ad2 have stable smooth-butyrous or hypermucoid colony morphologies, respectively, and the parental strain e325 exhibits phenot ...201121679036
Sharing of quorum-sensing signals and role of interspecies communities in a bacterial plant disease.Pathogenic bacteria interact not only with the host organism but most probably also with the resident microbial flora. In the knot disease of the olive tree (Olea europaea), the causative agent is the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv). Two bacterial species, namely Pantoea agglomerans and Erwinia toletana, which are not pathogenic and are olive plant epiphytes and endophytes, have been found very often to be associated with the olive knot. We identified the chemical signals t ...201121677694
erwinia typographi sp. nov., isolated from bark beetle (ips typographus) gut.a gram-negative bacterium was isolated from adult bark beetle ips typographus (coleoptera, scolytidae) gut as being the most resistant to monoterpene myrcene (7-methyl-3-methylene-1.6-octadiene, c10h16, concentration up to 10╬╝l/ml of tsb). the beetles were collected in the bark of norway spruce (picea abies) in lithuania. the bark beetles feed on conifers, which produce myrcene among many other defensive compounds. supposedly the microorganisms within the gut could be involved in beetle's resis ...201121669921
addition of genes for cellobiase and pectinolytic activity in escherichia coli for fuel ethanol production from pectin-rich lignocellulosic biomass.ethanologenic escherichia coli strain ko11 was sequentially engineered to contain the klebsiella oxytoca cellobiose phosphotransferase genes (casab) as well as a pectate lyase (pele) from erwinia chrysanthemi, yielding strains ly40a (casab) and jp07 (casab pele), respectively. to obtain an effective secretion of pele, the sec-dependent pathway out genes from e. chrysanthemi were provided on a cosmid to strain jp07 to construct strain jp07c. finally, oligogalacturonide lyase (ogl) from e. chrysan ...201121666025
diversity and phylogeny of bacteria on zimbabwe tobacco leaves estimated by 16s rrna sequence analysis.microorganisms play important roles in the tobacco aging process. however, microbial communities on flue-cured tobacco leaves (fctl) remain largely unknown. in this study, the total microbial genomic dna of unaged and aging fctl from zimbabwe were isolated using a culture-independent method, and the bacterial communities were investigated through analyzing two 16s rrna gene libraries. eighty-four and 65 operational taxonomic units were obtained from the libraries of the unaged and aging fctl, re ...201121660545
inbreeding effects on blossom volatiles in cucurbita pepo subsp. texana (cucurbitaceae).self-pollination by plants gives rise to inbreeding depression. there is increasing recognition that plant inbreeding can have significant implications for interactions between plants and other organisms, including insects and pathogens. many of these interactions are mediated by plant-derived volatiles, but the effects of inbreeding on volatile production have not previously been investigated. we examined variation in flower volatile production by the wild gourd cucurbita pepo subsp. texana as ...200621642122
antimicrobial activity of olive solutions from stored alpeorujo against plant pathogenic microorganisms.the aim of this work was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial effect that wastewaters from alpeorujo oil extraction have against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. alpeorujo was stored for six months and then processed to extract its oil, pomace and a new liquid waste (owsa), which was characterized by its content in phenolic compounds. owsa at 20% decreased more than 4 log the population of erwinia spp., pseudomonas spp., and clavibacter spp. viable cells in test tubes, whereas owsa at 50% in ...201121630653
antimicrobial nectar inhibits a florally transmitted pathogen of a wild cucurbita pepo (cucurbitaceae).• premise of the study: floral nectars of many species contain antimicrobial chemicals, but their function in nectar is subject to debate. previously, we have shown that erwinia tracheiphila, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease in cucurbits, can be transmitted via the floral nectaries. • methods: we used a disk diffusion assay (dda) to determine the antimicrobial effects of nectar from a wild gourd on lawns of escherichia coli and erwinia tracheiphila. we also used e. tracheiphila to i ...201021622472
secretion of anti-plasmodium effector proteins from a natural isolate pantoea agglomerans using pelb and hlya secretion signals.the insect-vectored disease malaria is a major world health problem. new control strategies are needed to supplement the current use of insecticides and medications. a genetic approach can be used to inhibit development of the malaria parasite (plasmodium sp.) in the mosquito host. we hypothesized that pantoea agglomerans, a bacterial symbiont of anopheles mosquitoes, could be engineered to express and secrete anti-plasmodium effector proteins, a strategy termed paratransgenesis. to this end, pl ...201121602368
[peculiarities of morphogenetical development of virulent mutants of erwiniophage zf40].the distortion of morphopoiesis or tail attachment to the capsid is a characteristic feature of morphogenetical development not only of a reproductive infection but also of the lysogenic induction of the defective bacteriophage erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc). a model system for studying morphogenetical development and assembling of the virion was created on the basis of the phage zf40 and its two virulent mutants zf40-421 and zf40(5/5), as well as the indicator culture ecc m2-4/50 r1 ...201121598661
[structural stability of dna of the transposon derivatives of pca25 plasmid].mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovra 48a carrying plasmid pca25 and its transposon variant and resistant to mitomycin c, nalidixic acid and streptomycin were used in the research. it has been shown that the presence of transposon in plasmid pca25 (strain 48a-7/4b[pca25::tn9]) does not practically affect the frequency of appearance of the stable bacterial mutants under the effect of all three antibiotics. several variants, the plasmid profile of which differs from the initial one were f ...201121598660
sucrose isomerase and its mutants from erwinia rhapontici can synthesise α-arbutin.sucrose isomerase (si) from erwinia rhapontici is an intramolecular isomerase that is normally used to synthesise isomaltulose from sucrose by a mechanism of intramolecular transglycosylation. in this study, it was found that si could synthesise α-arbutin using hydroquinone and sucrose as substrates, via an intermolecular transglycosylation reaction. five phenylalanine residues (f185, f186, f205, f297, and f321) in the catalytic pocket of si were chosen for site-directed mutagenesis. mutants f18 ...201121592077
comparison of the bacterial species diversity of spontaneous cocoa bean fermentations carried out at selected farms in ivory coast and brazil.to compare the spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation process carried out in different cocoa-producing regions, heap and box (one ivorian farm) and box (two brazilian farms) fermentations were carried out. all fermentations were studied through a multiphasic approach. in general, the temperature inside the fermenting mass increased throughout all fermentations and reached end-values of 42-48°c. the main end-products of pulp carbohydrate catabolism were ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and/or mann ...201121569940
real-time pcr methods for quantitative monitoring of streptomycin and tetracycline resistance genes in agricultural ecosystems.antibiotic application in plant agriculture is primarily used to control fire blight caused by erwinia amylovora in pome fruit orchards. in order to facilitate environmental impact assessment for antibiotic applications, we developed and validated culture-independent quantitative real-time pcr multiplex assays for streptomycin (stra, strb, aada and insertion sequence is1133) and tetracycline (tetb, tetm and tetw) resistance elements in plant and soil samples. the qpcr were reproducible and consi ...201121549164
chrysobactin siderophores produced by dickeya chrysanthemi ec16.the plant pathogen dickeya chrysanthemi ec16 (formerly known as petrobacterium chrysanthemi ec16 and erwinia chrysanthemi ec16) was found to produce a new triscatecholamide siderophore, cyclic trichrysobactin, the related catecholamide compounds, linear trichrysobactin and dichrysobactin, and the previously reported monomeric siderophore unit, chrysobactin. chrysobactin is comprised of l-serine, d-lysine, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba). trichrysobactin is a cyclic trimer of chrysobactin jo ...201121545171
reduction in bacterial ooze formation on immature fruitlets after preventive treatments of fosethyl-al against fire blight erwinia amylovora.fire blight, caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora (burill winslow et al.), is a very important bacterial disease on apple and pear orchards with devastating effects in some production area and in some years. fire blight control consists in a whole strategy of measures that should start with control measures in and around the fruit tree nurseries. only the use of vacciplant (laminarin), an inducer of the self-defence mechanism, is registered in belgium since 2009. in other european countries ...201021534464
a head-to-head comparison of eneamide and epoxyamide inhibitors of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase from the dapdiamide biosynthetic pathway.the dapdiamides make up a family of antibiotics that have been presumed to be cleaved in the target cell to enzyme-inhibitory n-acyl-2,3-diaminopropionate (dap) warheads containing two alternative electrophilic moieties. our prior biosynthetic studies revealed that an eneamide warhead is made first and converted to an epoxyamide via a three-enzyme branch pathway. here we provide a rationale for this logic. we report that the r,r-epoxyamide warhead is a more efficient covalent inactivator of gluc ...201121520904
structural basis for substrate recognition by erwinia chrysanthemi gh30 glucuronoxylanase.xylanase a from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi is classified as a glycoside hydrolase family 30 enzyme (previously in family 5) and is specialized for degradation of glucuronoxylan. the recombinant enzyme was crystallized with the aldotetraouronic acid β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[4-o-methyl-α-d-glucuronosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-xylose as a ligand. the crystal structure of the enzyme-ligand complex was solved at 1.39 å resolution. the ligand xylotriose moiety occupies ...201121501386
diversity of culturable chitinolytic bacteria from rhizospheres of agronomic plants in japan.a total of 100 isolates of chitinolytic bacteria were obtained from the rhizospheres of various agronomic plants, and the 16s rrna gene sequences of these isolates were determined. phylogenetic analyses revealed that 81 isolates belonged to the classes betaproteobacteria (39 isolates) and gammaproteobacteria (42 isolates). of the remaining 19 isolates, 16 belonged to the phylum firmicutes. clustering analysis identified 6 and 3 operational taxonomic units (otus) in gammaproteobacteria and betapr ...201121487197
eop1 from a rubus strain of erwinia amylovora functions as a host-range limiting factor.strains of erwinia amylovora, the bacterium causing the disease fire blight of rosaceous plants, are separated into two groups based on host range: spiraeoideae and rubus strains. spiraeoideae strains have wide host ranges, infecting plants in many rosaceous genera, including apples and pears. in the field, rubus strains infect the genus rubus exclusively, which includes raspberries and blackberries. based on comparisons of limited sequence data from a rubus and a spiraeoideae strain, the gene e ...201121469934
the hrpn effector of erwinia amylovora, which is involved in type iii translocation, contributes directly or indirectly to callose elicitation on apple leaves.erwinia amylovora is responsible for fire blight of apple and pear trees. its pathogenicity depends on a type iii secretion system (t3ss) mediating the translocation of effectors into the plant cell. the dspa/e effector suppresses callose deposition on apple leaves. we found that e. amylovora and pseudomonas syringae dc3000 tts mutants or peptide flg22 do not trigger callose deposition as strongly as the dspa/e mutant on apple leaves. this suggests that, on apple leaves, callose deposition is po ...201121463207
diversity, evolution, and functionality of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) regions in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora.the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/cas system confers acquired heritable immunity against mobile nucleic acid elements in prokaryotes, limiting phage infection and horizontal gene transfer of plasmids. in crispr arrays, characteristic repeats are interspersed with similarly sized nonrepetitive spacers derived from transmissible genetic elements and acquired when the cell is challenged with foreign dna. new spacers are added sequentially and the number and type ...201121460108
hrpn ea-induced deterrent effect on phloem feeding of the green peach aphid myzus persicae requires atgsl5 and atmyb44 genes in arabidopsis thaliana.in arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) treated with the harpin protein hrpn ea, resistance to the green peach aphid myzus persicae, a generalist phloem-feeding insect, develops with induced expression of the atmyb44 gene. special glucan synthesis-like (gsl) genes and beta-1,3-glucan callose play an important role in plant defence responses to attacks by phloem-feeding insects. here we report that atgls5 and atmyb44 are both required for hrp ea-induced repression of m. persicae feeding from the ph ...201121451254
optimization of pcr in application of hot start taq dna polymerase for detection of erwinia amylovora with primers fer1-f and fer1-r.there are two approaches in detection of bacterium erwinia amylovora by pcr. one is based on detection of plasmid pea29 and the other is based on detection of a chromosomal dna sequence, specific for e. amylovora, in a sample. since pathogenic strains without pea29 have been isolated from the environment, methods based on this plasmid have been compromised and pcr methods based on chromosomal dna species specific sequences became only reliable methods. pcr method with chromosomal primers fer1-f ...201021446634
[transduction as one of the methods of obtaining genetic information in erwinia].transduction is one of the key processes of horizontal transfer of genes in bacteria. it is known that it is involved in distribution of the main factors of pathogenicity among numerous enterobacteria. it is shown that clear mutants and some variants of the temperate bacteriophage zf40 erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora can perform general transduction of chromosome and plasmid genes of the bacterium e. carotovora. the indicators of chromosome transduction frequencies of the markers--arg+, met ...201121442953
improvement of fitness and efficacy of a fire blight biocontrol agent via nutritional enhancement combined with osmoadaptation.the efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens eps62e in the biocontrol of erwinia amylovora was improved by a procedure of physiological adaptation to increase colonization and survival in the phytosphere of rosaceous plants. the procedure consisted of osmoadaptation (oa) and nutritional enhancement (ne). oa was based on saline stress and osmolyte amendment of the growth medium during inoculum preparation. ne consisted of addition of glycine and tween 80 to the formulation. ne and oa increased the gro ...201121441337
the serratia luxr family regulator carr 39006 activates transcription independently of cognate quorum sensing signals.in gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing control of gene expression is mediated by transcription factors of the luxr family, whose dna-binding affinity is modulated by diffusible n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) signalling molecules. in serratia sp. atcc 39006 and the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (ecc), the biosynthesis of the +¦-lactam antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid (car) is under quorum sensing control. this study has revealed that, uniquely, the luxr family ...201121435033
[transgenic belarussian-bred potato plants expressing genes for antimicrobial peptides of the cecropin-melittin type].binary vectors for agrobacterium-mediated transformation were constructed to express the genes for antimicrobial peptides (aps) of the cectropin-melittin type under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter in plants. it was shown with escherichia coli and agrobacterium tumefaciens cells that the cassettes could be cloned in pb1121-based vectors with deletion of the 3-d-glycuronidase gene only in the orientation opposite to that of the original vector. transgenic potato plants ...201021434415
iron homeostasis and fire blight susceptibility in transgenic pear plants overexpressing a pea ferritin gene.the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some rosaceous plants including apple and pear. one of the pathogenicity factors affecting fire blight development is the production of a siderophore, desferrioxamine, which overcomes the limiting conditions in plant tissues and also protects bacteria against active oxygen species. in this paper we examine the effect of an iron chelator protein encoded by the pea ferritin gene on the fire blight susce ...201121421420
selection of a biocontrol agent based on a potential mechanism of action: degradation of nicotinic acid, a growth factor essential for erwinia amylovora.this work describes a medium-based screening method for selecting microbial biocontrol agents against erwinia amylovora based on the degradation of a specific growth factor. erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the devastating fire blight disease, requires nicotinic acid or nicotinamide as an essential growth factor. potential biocontrol agents are either selected for antimicrobial production in plate or directly on immature pears or apple blossoms. in this work, we have attempted to streamlin ...201021404214
[abortive infection in erwinia carotovora, as a source of nanoparticles of phage nature].a possibility to obtain nanoparticles of phage nature using abortive phage infection was shown for the first time. it was found out that the nonspecific host erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora j2 being infected by phage zf 40-rt80, the cells form a 100-fold surplus of capsid structures. using the electron microscope the authors have found two types of phage capsids which differ from each other and have different modal diameters--47.5 and 71.5 nm. the found capsids pack the phage dna which rele ...201021381318
evidence of two lineages of the symbiont "candidatus erwinia dacicola" in italian populations of bactrocera oleae (rossi) based on 16s rrna gene sequence.a close association between the olive fly bactrocera oleae (rossi) (diptera: tephritidae) and bacteria has been known for more than a century. recently, the presence of an host specific, hereditary, unculturable symbiotic bacterium, designated as "candidatus erwinia dacicola", has been described inside a cephalic organ of the fly, called oesophageal bulb. in the present work we analyzed the 16s rrna variability of "ca. e. dacicola" within and among 26 italian olive flies populations sampled acro ...201121378134
erroneous exchange of asparaginase forms in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.for the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), dutch pediatric oncologists use the dutch childhood oncology group all 10 protocol. this protocol is complex, as it comprises many different drug regimens. one of the drugs is asparaginase which is available in different forms with different pharmacokinetics: escherichia coli asparaginase, erwinia asparaginase, and pegylated e. coli asparaginase [polyethylene glycol (peg) asparaginase]. here, we report the case of a 3-year-ol ...201121368672
cmpg1-dependent cell death follows perception of diverse pathogen elicitors at the host plasma membrane and is suppressed by phytophthora infestans rxlr effector avr3a.• little is known about how effectors from filamentous eukaryotic plant pathogens manipulate host defences. recently, phytophthora infestans rxlr effector avr3a has been shown to target and stabilize host e3 ligase cmpg1, which is required for programmed cell death (pcd) triggered by inf1. we investigated the involvement of cmpg1 in pcd elicited by perception of diverse pathogen proteins, and assessed whether avr3a could suppress each. • the role of cmpg1 in pcd events was investigated using vir ...201121348873
hydrogen peroxide is not involved in hrpn from erwinia amylovora-induced hypersensitive cell death in maize leaves.harpin elicits rapid and localized programmed cell death in plants, also known as the hypersensitive response (hr). here we report that hrpn from erwinia amylovora led to rapid cell death in maize leaves within 24 h and also induced the expression of systemic acquired resistance genes, such as zmpr1 and zmpr5. surprisingly, the results of dab staining showed that there was no h(2)o(2) accumulation in maize leaves during the hr process, and semi-quantitative rt-pcr revealed that there was also no ...201121344189
effect of growth media and washing on the spectral signatures of aerosolized biological simulants.we have evaluated the influence of growth media and washing on the laser-induced fluorescence spectra of bacteria. three different bacterial simulants were cultured in three types of growth media. three kinds of samples were generated from each culture: the culture itself, the growth medium alone, and a triple-washed sample. the materials were injected as aerosols in a lab-sized lidar aerosol chamber to obtain their spectra. using two different analysis approaches, signature variations were obse ...201121343956
erwinia mallotivora sp., a new pathogen of papaya (carica papaya) in peninsular malaysia.erwinia mallotivora was isolated from papaya infected with dieback disease showing the typical symptoms of greasy, water-soaked lesions and spots on leaves. phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus erwinia and was united in a monophyletic group with e. mallotivora dsm 4565 (aj233414). earlier studies had indicated that the causal agent for this disease was e. papayae. however, our current studies, through koch's postulate, have confirmed that ...201021339975
five-year single-center study of asparaginase therapy within the all-bfm 2000 trial.therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) of asparaginase (asnase), a fundamental element of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, was integrated in the all-bfm 2000 protocol on a voluntary basis.201121337682
glyceollin, a soybean phytoalexin with medicinal properties.this review covers the biosynthesis of glyceollin and its biological activities including antiproliferative/antitumor action (toward b16 melanoma cells, lncap prostate cancer cells, and bg-1 ovarian cancer cells), anti-estrogenic action (through estrogen receptors a- and ß-), antibacterial action (toward erwinia carotovora, escherichia coli, bradyrhizobium japonicum, sinorhizobium fredii ), antinematode activity, and antifungal activity (toward fusarium solani, phakospora pachyrhizi, diaporthe p ...201121336922
improvement of the efficacy of linear undecapeptides against plant-pathogenic bacteria by incorporation of d-amino acids.a set of 31 undecapeptides, incorporating 1 to 11 d-amino acids and derived from the antimicrobial peptide bp100 (kklfkkilkyl-nh(2)), was designed and synthesized. this set was evaluated for inhibition of growth of the plant-pathogenic bacteria erwinia amylovora, pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, hemolysis, and protease degradation. two derivatives were as active as bp100, and 10 peptides displayed improved activity, with the all-d isomer being the mo ...201121335383
complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis bsn5, an endophytic bacterium of amorphophallus konjac with antimicrobial activity for the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora.here, we present the complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis strain bsn5, isolated from amorphophallus konjac calli tissue and showing strong inhibitory activity to erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, which causes amorphophallus soft rot disease and affects the industry development of this organism.201121317323
bacterial species associated with sound and botrytis-infected grapes from a greek vineyard.grape bacterial microbiota plays central roles in the quality of grapes and wine, yet its diversity remains poorly described. in the present study, bacterial species associated with sound and botrytis-infected grapes of two cultivars originating from the same vineyard were assessed. isolates were identified by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) and sequence analysis of partial 16s rrna gene. comparable counts were recorded between botrytis-infected and sound grape samples. in ...201121315469
molecular adaptation of a plant-bacterium outer membrane protease towards plague virulence factor pla.omptins are a family of outer membrane proteases that have spread by horizontal gene transfer in gram-negative bacteria that infect vertebrates or plants. despite structural similarity, the molecular functions of omptins differ in a manner that reflects the life style of their host bacteria. to simulate the molecular adaptation of omptins, we applied site-specific mutagenesis to make epo of the plant pathogenic erwinia pyrifoliae exhibit virulence-associated functions of its close homolog, the p ...201121310089
phosphate-solubilization mechanism and in vitro plant growth promotion activity mediated by pantoea eucalypti isolated from lotus tenuis rhizosphere in the salado river basin (argentina).to isolate and characterize phosphate-solubilizing strains from a constrained environment such as the salado river basin and to assess their phosphate-solubilizing mechanisms, to further selection of the most promising strains to inoculate and improve the implantation and persistence of lotus tenuis in the most important area devoted to meat-cow production in argentina.201121299771
asparaginase revisited.asparaginase is one of the main drugs used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia and certain non-hodgkin lymphomas. the drug is a bacterial product, and this results in differences in activity, efficacy, and side effects among the various marketed products. native products originate from either escherichia coli or erwinia chrysanthemi. currently a new product, peg-asparaginase, is on the market. recombinant asparaginases will be entering the market in a few years, and development of the incorpor ...201121281233
[diversity of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from non-saline soil collected from xiaoxi national natural reserve, hunan province].to investigate the diversity of cultivable halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from ordinary non-saline soil samples collected from xiaoxi national natural reserve (28 degrees 42' 15"-28 degrees 53' 15" n, 110 degrees 6' 50"-110 degrees 21' 35" e), hunan province, china.201021268889
hypersensitive response and acyl-homoserine lactone production of the fire blight antagonists erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae.fire blight caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora can be controlled by antagonistic microorganisms. we characterized epiphytic bacteria isolated from healthy apple and pear trees in australia, named erwinia tasmaniensis, and the epiphytic bacterium erwinia billingiae from england for physiological properties, interaction with plants and interference with growth of e. amylovora. they reduced symptom formation by the fire blight pathogen on immature pears and the colonization of ...200821261861
characterization of the rcsc sensor kinase from erwinia amylovora and other enterobacteria.rcsc is a hybrid sensor kinase which contains a sensor domain, a histidine kinase domain, and a receiver domain. we have previously demonstrated that, although the erwinia amylovora rcsc mutant produces more amylovoran than the wild-type (wt) strain in vitro, the mutant remains nonpathogenic on both immature pear fruit and apple plants. in this study, we have comparatively characterized the erwinia rcsc and its homologs from various enterobacteria. results demonstrate that expression of the erwi ...201121261468
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 1 - 100 of 2854