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use of remote sensing and geographical information systems to identify environmental features that influence the distribution of paramphistomosis in sheep from the southern italian apennines.a geographic information system (gis) was constructed using remote sensing (rs) and landscape feature data together with calicophoron daubneyi positive survey records from 197 georeferenced ovine farms with animals pasturing in a 3971 km(2) area of the southern italian apennines. the objective was to study the spatial distribution of this rumen fluke, identify environmental features that influence its distribution, and develop a preliminary risk assessment model. the gis for the study area was c ...200415158553
characterization of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal dna of calicophoron daubneyi from various hosts and locations in southern italy.isolates of the rumen fluke calicophoron daubneyi (digenea: paramphistomidae) from various hosts and three locations in southern italy were characterized genetically. the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of ribosomal dna (rdna) plus flanking 5.8s and 28s sequence (its-2+) was amplified from individual rumen flukes by pcr. pcr-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis was performed using four different restriction endonucleases, and pcr products were sequenced. ...200515961232
statistical modelling of the spatial distribution of prevalence of calicophoron daubneyi infection in sheep from central italy.statistical modelling for disease mapping and ecological analysis is of particular importance in veterinary parasitology because environmental characteristics can affect parasite distribution. however, the main difficulties relate to the concentration of animal populations within farms, which contrasts to the study of wild animal populations. in the present paper we report the results of a cross-sectional coprological survey designed to study the presence and distribution of the rumen fluke cali ...200516044685
analysis of the igg antibody response against paramphistomidae trematoda in naturally infected cattle. application to serological surveys.the igg antibody response to calicophoron daubneyi (digenea: paramphistomidae) excretory/secretory antigens was evaluated in naturally infected cattle from lugo (galicia, nw spain) by using an elisa procedure. two studies were conducted, first a survey in 524 cattle separated into three groups according to age, g-1 (0-2 years old), g-2 (3-5 years old) and g-3 (> 6 years old). in the second study, three groups of cattle were employed: g-i, naturally infected; g-t, naturally infected and treated w ...200616672179
risk periods of infection by calicophoron daubneyi (digenea:paramphistomidae) in cattle from oceanic climate areas.from march 2001 to february 2004, 724 faecal samples of cattle under field conditions were collected in 121 farms from lugo (nw spain), an area with oceanic climate. the risk periods of infection by paramphistomum trematoda in cattle was assessed by analyzing the prevalence of paramphistomosis, egg-output and climatic data. a significantly higher percentage of cattle passing trematode eggs by faeces was recorded firstly in september and secondly in march. the greatest numbers of eggs were achiev ...200717323101
assessment of climatic and orographic conditions on the infection by calicophoron daubneyi and dicrocoelium dendriticum in grazing beef cattle (nw spain).from february 2003 to march 2004, 1148 faecal samples from autochthonous rubia gallega cattle breed were collected in 170 farms from lugo (nw spain), in order to find out the prevalence and intensity of egg-excretion by calicophoron daubneyi and dicrocoelium dendriticum, and the possible influence of external factors as annual mean temperature and rainfall, altitude and mean slope. twenty-six percent (95% ci 19%, 33%) and the 18% (12, 24) of the farms were infected with rumen and lancet flukes. ...200717888577
efficacy of oxyclozanide against the rumen fluke calicophoron daubneyi in experimentally infected goats.paramphistome infections are very common in ruminants and may induce clinical signs, but little is known about effective treatments. in this study, the efficacy of oxyclozanide against calicophoron daubneyi was studied in goats and its activity tested against immature stages (10 days post-infection) at a dose of 22.5mg/kg bodyweight (bw) and against adult stages using two doses (15 and 22.5mg/kg bw). there was a reduction (82%) in the number of immature worms (compared to controls) but the resul ...200918314360
a comparison of five methods for dna isolation from liver and rumen flukes to perform its-2+ amplification.five different dna isolation methods (4 commercial kits and a modification of phenol-chloroform method) were compared for the discrimination of adults of fasciola hepatica and dicrocoelium dendriticum (liver flukes), and calicophoron daubneyi (rumen fluke) collected from sheep in southern italy. the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of ribosomal dna (rdna) plus flanking 5.8s and 28s sequence (its-2+) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from serial diluted dna templates (6 n ...200718412040
helmintic infections in water buffaloes on italian farms: a spatial analysis.the present paper reports the results of a cross-sectional survey aimed at obtaining up-to-date information on the spatial distribution of different groups and/or species of helminths in water buffaloes from central italy. geographical information systems (gis) and spatial analysis were used to plan the sampling procedures, to display the results as maps and to detect spatial clusters of helminths in the study area. the survey was conducted on 127 water buffalo farms, which were selected in the ...200919440965
covariate selection in multivariate spatial analysis of ovine parasitic infection.gastrointestinal (gi) strongyle and fluke infections remain one of the main constraints on health and productivity in sheep dairy production. a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2004-2005 on ovine farms in the campania region of southern italy in order to evaluate the prevalence of haemonchus contortus, fasciola hepatica, dicrocoelium dendriticum and calicophoron daubneyi from among other parasitic infections. in the present work, we focused on the role of the ecological characteristics of ...201021167615
prevalence of mixed trematode infections in an abattoir receiving cattle from northern portugal and north-west spain.between february 2007 and january 2009, a total of 776 slaughtered animals were examined for the presence of trematoda in the liver, gall bladder, oesophagus and stomach (rumen and reticulum). data collected were analysed by the age and breed of the animals. the percentage of cattle from which trematoda were found was 38 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [ci] 35 to 41 per cent); 28 per cent (95 per cent ci 25 to 31 per cent) had fasciola hepatica, 12 per cent (95 per cent ci 10 to 14 per ...201121493444
infection by paramphistomidae trematodes in cattle from two agricultural regions in nw uruguay and nw spain.the analysis of infection by paramphistomidae trematodes was conducted in two agricultural regions with different knowledge on this parasitosis. faecal and blood samples were collected from 374 cattle in salto (nw uruguay) where there is a lack of information about paramphistomosis. a total of 429 cattle from galicia (nw spain), an area with previous records of infection by gastric flukes, were sampled. diagnostics of trematodosis was developed by using a copromicroscopic probe and an elisa with ...201322902261
bovine paramphistomosis in galicia (spain): prevalence, intensity, aetiology and geospatial distribution of the infection.the present study explored various basic aspects of the epidemiology of paramphistomosis in galicia, the main cattle producing region in spain. in total, 589 cows from different farms located across the region were selected at random in the slaughterhouse for examination of the rumens and reticula for the presence of paramphistomidae flukes. paramphistomes were found in 111 of 589 necropsied cows (18.8%; 95% ci: 15.7-21.9%), with higher prevalences of infection in beef cows than in dairy cows (2 ...201323022489
development and validation of a mtdna multiplex pcr for identification and discrimination of calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica in the galba truncatula snail.paramphistomosis and fasciolosis caused by calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica, respectively, are frequent and important trematodoses in ruminant livestock worldwide. both parasites use the same snail, galba truncatula, as intermediate host. the aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method based on a mitochondrial dna (mtdna) multiplex pcr technique which would allow the early and specific identification, in one step, of c. daubneyi and f. hepatica infection in g. t ...201323333073
identification of the rumen fluke, calicophoron daubneyi, in gb livestock: possible implications for liver fluke diagnosis.the liver fluke, fasciola hepatica, is common in many parts of great britain. to detect liver fluke infection and to assess whether fasciolicide treatment has been successful, the faecal egg count (fec) and faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) are widely used. rumen fluke is also increasingly reported from great britain, but its species identity is yet to be determined. liver fluke and rumen fluke eggs are morphologically similar, which may lead to erroneous diagnoses of liver fluke infection ...201323411375
the efficacy of four anthelmintics against calicophoron daubneyi in naturally infected dairy cattle.the paramphistomicidal activity of four anthelmintics in dairy cattle naturally infected by calicophoron (paramphistomum) daubneyi was evaluated. seventy friesian adult cows were treated at drying-off (19 albendazole; 23 netobimin; 13 closantel and 15 oxyclozanide), and 21 remained untreated as controls. the anthelmintic efficacy was determined by estimating the faecal egg count reduction (fecr) values for each of the anthelmintics. the reduction in the number of cows shedding eggs in the faeces ...201323830480
trematodes enhance the development of the nematode-trapping fungus arthrobotrys (duddingtonia) flagrans.the capability of helminth (nematode and trematode) parasites in stimulating nematode trap and chlamydospore development of the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys (formerly duddingtonia) flagrans was explored. dead adult specimens of trematodes (the liver fluke fasciola hepatica and the rumen fluke calicophoron daubneyi) and nematodes (the ascarid parascaris equorum and the strongylid oesophagostomum spp.), as well as their secretory products, were placed onto corn meal agar plates concurrently i ...201323931119
calicophoron daubneyi (paramphistomidae) in slaughtered cattle in castilla y león (spain).the prevalence and aetiology of natural paramphistomosis was investigated in cattle slaughtered in the castilla y león region (spain) over a 3 year-period. the overall prevalence of positive animals was 6.20%. the parasite burden per animal ranged from 8 to 8005 (median=144) and the ruminal atrium had the highest parasite burden whereas the ruminal dorsal sac the lowest. the prevalence and parasite burden increased with age while these parameters were lower in cattle under intensive management. ...201424295956
bovine paramphistomes in ireland.paramphistome infections have been associated with significant morbidity, caused chiefly by the activity of juvenile flukes in the intestine of the ruminant final host. most cases have been reported in tropical and sub-tropical areas. however, recent reports of an apparent increase in the incidence of rumen fluke and its geographical range in europe have renewed interest in a parasite previously thought to be of little significance in temperate regions. moreover, the identity of rumen flukes pre ...201424907069
adaptation of lymnaea fuscus and radix balthica to fasciola hepatica through the experimental infection of several successive snail generations.high prevalence of fasciola hepatica infection (>70%) was noted during several outbreaks before the 2000s in several french farms where galba truncatula is lacking. other lymnaeids such as lymnaea fuscus, l. glabra and/or radix balthica are living in meadows around these farms but only juvenile snails can sustain complete larval development of f. hepatica while older snails were resistant. the low prevalence of infection (<20%) and limited cercarial production (<50 cercariae per infected snail) ...201424986589
natural light influences cercarial emergence of calicophoron daubneyi but not that of haplometra cylindracea from temperature-challenged galba truncatula.laboratory investigations on galba truncatula experimentally infected with calicophoron daubneyi were carried out to study the influence of natural light and sky nebulosity on cercarial emergence in snails subjected every week outdoors to a thermal shock (a mean of 12 °c for 3 h) during the patent period. the same study was also performed in g. truncatula naturally infected with haplometra cylindracea according to the same protocol. compared to infected controls always reared indoors at 20 °c, t ...201425015049
identity of rumen fluke in deer.as evidence is growing that in many temperate areas paramphistome infections are becoming more common and widespread, this study was undertaken to determine the role of deer as reservoirs for rumen fluke infections in livestock. a total of 144 deer faecal samples (88 from fallow deer, 32 from red deer and 24 samples from sika, sika/red deer hybrids) were screened for the presence of fluke eggs. based on the its-2 rdna locus plus flanking 5.8s and 28s sequences (its-2+), fluke eggs were identifie ...201425127736
ruminal paramphistomosis in cattle from northeastern algeria: prevalence, parasite burdens and species identification.slaughterhouse samples were analysed over a two-year period (september 2010-august 2012) in jijel (northeastern algeria) in order to determine seasonal variations in the prevalence and intensity of bovine paramphistomosis in a mediterranean climate and identify paramphistome species using molecular biology. in spring and summer, significantly higher prevalences and lower parasite burdens were noted in bull calves, thus indicating an effect of season on these parameters. in contrast, the differen ...201425279553
novel insights into the pathogenic importance, diagnosis and treatment of the rumen fluke (calicophoron daubneyi) in cattle.recently, sharp increases in the prevalence of rumen fluke infections have been recorded throughout western europe. however, scarce information is available on the diagnosis, pathogenic importance and control of this parasite. we undertook 3 pilot studies to gain more insights into these aspects of rumen fluke biology in cattle. first, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of mini-flotac to detect adult rumen fluke infections based on faecal egg count in an abattoir survey and found high sensi ...201525466618
pseudosuccinea columella: age resistance to calicophoron daubneyi infection in two snail populations.individual infections of egyptian and french pseudosuccinea columella with five miracidia of calicophoron daubneyi were carried out to determine whether this lymnaeid was capable of sustaining larval development of this parasite. on day 42 post-exposure (at 23 °c), infected snails were only noted in groups of individuals measuring 1 or 2 mm in height at miracidial exposure. snail survival in the 2-mm groups was significantly higher than that noted in the 1-mm snails, whatever the geographic orig ...201525664810
pathological changes in cattle naturally infected by calicophoron daubneyi adult flukes.local host response and parasite distribution were studied in the forestomachs, abomasum, duodenum and regional lymph nodes of cattle suffering from bovine paramphistomosis. the parasites were found attached, by its ventral sucker, to small conical papillae of the rumen and reticulum. affected papillae, showed morphological changes denoted by very narrow stalks and expanded heads. histologically, these changes were characterized by epithelial acanthosis-hyperkeratosis of the epithelium. infiltra ...201525801360
larval trematode infections in galba truncatula (gastropoda, lymnaeidae) from the brenne regional natural park, central france.adult galba truncatula ( ≥ 4 mm in shell height) were collected from 135 habitats for 3 years (2012-2014) to identify parasite species via the study of cercariae, and to determine the prevalence of each digenean infection in relation to the type of snail habitat (six types). a total of 323 infected snails and ten digenean species were noted in the bodies of 11,025 g. truncatula after their dissection. snails with calicophoron daubneyi and/or fasciola hepatica were found in 20.7% and 12.5% of the ...201625804319
standardisation of egg-viability assays for fasciola hepatica and calicophoron daubneyi: a tool for evaluating new technologies of parasite control.fasciola hepatica and calicophoron daubneyi, liver and rumen flukes respectively, infect ruminants throughout europe. there is considerable interest in the development of vaccines and in testing new potential anthelmintic agents against these species. one potential target of new control measures is the parasite egg, as interference at this stage of the life cycle could aid in blocking the transmission of infection, and some experimental vaccines have been shown to affect egg viability. in this s ...201525863897
bovine and ovine rumen fluke in ireland-prevalence, risk factors and species identity based on passive veterinary surveillance and abattoir findings.the prevalence of rumen fluke, the incidence of clinical paramphistomosis and the trematode's species identity were studied in cattle and sheep in the republic of ireland using passive veterinary surveillance (faecal examination and necropsy results; 2010-2013) and abattoir data. based on faecal examination, the prevalence of rumen fluke was higher in cattle than in sheep. rumen fluke prevalence in cattle and sheep fluctuated over the year and in most years (2011-2013), prevalence was higher in ...201526298508
immunohistochemical study and mrna cytokine profile of the local immune response in cattle naturally infected with calicophoron daubneyi.in order to recognize the local immune response of the definitive host to calicophoron daubneyi natural infection, an immunohistochemical study was carried out in the reticulum and rumen in 49 naturally infected cattle. the role of cytokines (il-4 and il-10 interleukins and ifn-γ) in the activation of specific defence mechanisms was evaluated by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assays to study cytokine mrna expression. in all infected animals, cd3+ t lymphoc ...201526508417
larval trematode infections in lymnaea glabra populations living in the brenne regional natural park, central france.lymnaea glabra is known to be a natural intermediate host of two flukes, calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica, in central france. but it can also sustain larval development of other digeneans. adult snails were thus collected from 206 habitats in 2014 and 2015 to identify parasite species and determine the prevalence of each digenean infection in relation to the five types of snail habitats. seven digenean species were noted in 321 infected snails (out of 17,647 l. glabra). snails with f. ...201526692260
confirmation of galba truncatula as an intermediate host snail for calicophoron daubneyi in great britain, with evidence of alternative snail species hosting fasciola hepatica.fasciola hepatica is a highly prevalent parasite infecting livestock in great britain, while calicophoron daubneyi is an emerging parasite within the gb livestock industry. both f. hepatica and c. daubneyi require an intermediate host snail to complete their life-cycles and infect ruminants; however, there has been no confirmation of the intermediate host of c. daubneyi in gb, while there are questions regarding alternative host snails to galba truncatula for f. hepatica. in this study, pcr was ...201526695066
calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica: characteristics of natural and experimental co-infections of these digeneans in the snail lymnaea glabra.a retrospective study on different lymnaea glabra samples collected from central france between 1993 and 2010 was carried out to determine the prevalence of natural co-infections with calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica, and to specify the composition of redial burdens. experimental infections of l. glabra performed during the same period of time were also analysed to study metacercarial production of each digenean in co-infected snails. controls were naturally or experimentally co-infec ...201726781336
pseudosuccinea columella: experimental co-infections of juvenile and pre-adult snails with the digeneans calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica.experimental co-infections of juvenile and pre-adult pseudosuccinea columella with calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica (five miracidia of each digenean per snail) were carried out to determine the aptitude of this lymnaeid to ensure complete larval development of the former parasite, the latter or both. snails infected with f. hepatica were found in the two groups of juveniles, i.e. 1 and 2 mm at exposure, and the four groups of pre-adults, i.e. 3-6 mm. the highest frequency of f. hepati ...201626902671
rumen fluke in irish sheep: prevalence, risk factors and molecular identification of two paramphistome species.rumen flukes are trematode parasites found globally; in tropical and sub-tropical climates, infection can result in paramphistomosis, which can have a deleterious impact on livestock. in europe, rumen fluke is not regarded as a clinically significant parasite, recently however, the prevalence of rumen fluke has sharply increased and several outbreaks of clinical paramphistomosis have been reported. gaining a better understanding of rumen fluke transmission and identification of risk factors is c ...201627430977
evaluation of the performance of five diagnostic tests for fasciola hepatica infection in naturally infected cattle using a bayesian no gold standard approach.the clinical and economic importance of fasciolosis has been recognised for centuries, yet diagnostic tests available for cattle are far from perfect. test evaluation has mainly been carried out using gold standard approaches or under experimental settings, the limitations of which are well known. in this study, a bayesian no gold standard approach was used to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of five tests for fasciolosis in cattle. these included detailed liver necropsy inclu ...201627564546
rumen fluke (calicophoron daubneyi) on welsh farms: prevalence, risk factors and observations on co-infection with fasciola hepatica.reports of calicophoron daubneyi infecting livestock in europe have increased substantially over the past decade; however, there has not been an estimate of its farm level prevalence and associated risk factors in the uk. here, the prevalence of c. daubneyi across 100 participating welsh farms was recorded, with climate, environmental and management factors attained for each farm and used to create logistic regression models explaining its prevalence. sixty-one per cent of farms studied were pos ...201627799075
transmission of calicophoron daubneyi and fasciola hepatica in galicia (spain): temporal follow-up in the intermediate and definitive hosts.paramphistomosis caused by calicophoron daubneyi and fasciolosis caused by fasciola hepatica are common parasitic diseases of livestock animals. transmission of the diseases depends on the presence of intermediate hosts, i.e. freshwater gastropods such as lymnaeids. we carried out a 2-year-long study of the dynamics of the snail population acting as the intermediate host for these parasites, considering the population structure in terms of size/age and infection status. in addition, we determine ...201627894356
rumen fluke (calicophoron daubneyi) on welsh farms: prevalence, risk factors and observations on co-infection with fasciola hepatica.reports of calicophoron daubneyi infecting livestock in europe have increased substantially over the past decade; however, there has not been an estimate of its farm level prevalence and associated risk factors in the uk. here, the prevalence of c. daubneyi across 100 participating welsh farms was recorded, with climate, environmental and management factors attained for each farm and used to create logistic regression models explaining its prevalence. sixty-one per cent of farms studied were pos ...201728145217
effect of the filamentous fungus mucor circinelloides on the development of eggs of the rumen fluke calicophoron daubneyi (paramphistomidae).ruminants infected by paramphistomidae flukes shed eggs in the feces, which pass through different stages in the environment until the infective stages (metacercariae) are reached. the activity of the soil fungus mucor circinelloides on the development of eggs of the rumen fluke calicophoron daubneyi was presently tested with 3 probes, i.e., in petri plates, feces and an aqueous environment (tubes). the effect of the fungus was assessed by recording the numbers of undeveloped, non-viable and emb ...201728165868
the prevalence and development of digenean parasites within their intermediate snail host, galba truncatula, in a geographic area where the presence of calicophoron daubneyi has recently been confirmed.during the past decade, rumen fluke (calicophoron daubneyi) has established as a prominent parasite of livestock within numerous european countries. its development and spread is enabled by the presence of its intermediate snail host g. truncatula. however, the dynamics of this stage of the c. daubneyi lifecycle is yet to be recorded in numerous northern european countries including the uk. here, the prevalence of c. daubneyi along with f. hepatica, h. cylindracea and other parasites infecting g ...201728385538
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