Publications

variations in the numbers of phalangeal bones in the four-toed salamander, hynobius tenuis (amphibia: hynobiidae), from two localities in toyama prefecture, central japan.	variations in the numbers of phalangeal bones in the fingers (i to iv) and toes (i to v) of specimens of hynobius tenuis collected from two localities (ashikuraji and arimine) in toyama prefecture, central japan, were recorded. in the case of fingers of fore limbs, eight phalangeal formulas were distinguished, and in the case of toes of hind limbs, ten phalangeal formulas were recognized. in the fingers of specimens from ashikuraji, the predominant formulas were 2-2-3-2 (40%) and 2-2-3-1 (32%). ...	1995	7566880
caudal vertebral development and morphology in three salamanders with complex life cycles (ambystoma jeffersonianum, hemidactylium scutatum, and desmognathus ocoee).	we describe caudosacral and caudal vertebral morphology across life history stages in three caudate amphibians: ambystoma jeffersonianum (ambystomatidae), desmognathus ocoee (plethodontidae: desmognathinae), and hemidactylium scutatum (plethodontidae: plethodontinae). all three species have aquatic larvae, but adults differ in habitat and predator defense strategy. predator defense includes tail autotomy in d. ocoee and h. scutatum but not a. jeffersonianum. of the species that autotomize, h. sc ...	2001	11223925
diversity of cutaneous bacteria with antifungal activity isolated from female four-toed salamanders.	among the microbiota of amphibian skin are bacteria that produce antifungal compounds. we isolated cutaneous bacteria from the skins of three populations of the nest-attending plethodontid salamander hemidactylium scutatum and subsequently tested the bacterial isolates against two different fungi (related to mariannaea elegans and rhizomucor variabilis) that were obtained from dead salamander eggs. the culturable antifungal bacteria were phylogenetically characterized based on 16s rrna phylogeny ...	2008	18079731
antifungal skin bacteria, embryonic survival, and communal nesting in four-toed salamanders, hemidactylium scutatum.	we examined a novel hypothesis for the maintenance of communal nesting in the salamander, hemidactylium scutatum, namely that communal nests are more likely than solitary nests to be associated with cutaneous antifungal bacteria, which can inhibit fungal infections of embryos. a communal nest contains eggs of two or more females of the same species. the nesting behavior of h. scutatum females and survival of embryos were determined by frequent nest surveys at three ponds. for communal nests, emb ...	2008	18335251
normal table of embryonic development in the four-toed salamander, hemidactylium scutatum.	we present a complete staging table of normal development for the lungless salamander, hemidactylium scutatum (caudata: plethodontidae). terrestrial egg clutches from naturally ovipositing females were collected and maintained at 15 °c in the laboratory. observations, photographs, and time-lapse movies of embryos were taken throughout the 45-day embryonic period. the complete normal table of development for h. scutatum is divided into 28 stages and extends previous analyses of h. scutatum embryo ...	2015	25617760
enlarged multilocus data set provides surprisingly younger time of origin for the plethodontidae, the largest family of salamanders.	deep phylogenetic relationships of the largest salamander family plethodontidae have been difficult to resolve, probably reflecting a rapid diversification early in their evolutionary history. here, data from 50 independent nuclear markers (total 48,582 bp) are used to reconstruct the phylogeny and divergence times for plethodontid salamanders, using both concatenation and coalescence-based species tree analyses. our results robustly resolve the position of the enigmatic eastern north american f ...	2016	26385618
models of metamorphic timing: an experimental evaluation with the pond-dwelling salamander hemidactylium scutatum (caudata: plethodontidae).	amphibian larvae vary tremendously in size at metamorphosis and length of larval period. we raised pond-dwelling four-toed salamander (hemidactylium scutatum) larvae to test two models that predict a larva's age and size at metamorphosis. the wilbur-collins model proposes that the developmental rate of a larva responds to changes in growth rate in an adaptive manner throughout the larval period, and that metamorphosis can be initiated after a minimum size has been reached. the leips-travis or fi ...	2000	28308771
tail development and regeneration throughout the life cycle of the four-toed salamander hemidactylium scutatum.	the salamander tail displays different functions and morphologies in the aquatic and terrestrial stages of species with complex life cycles. during metamorphosis the function of the tail changes; the larval tail functions in aquatic locomotion while the juvenile and adult tail exhibits tail autotomy and fat storage functions. because tail injury is common in the aquatic environment, we hypothesized that mechanisms have evolved to prevent altered larval tail morphology from affecting normal juven ...	1997	29852614
skeletal morphogenesis in the urodele skull: i. postembryonic development in the hemidactyliini (amphibia: plethodontidae).	the metamorphic species eurycea bislineata is presented as a standard for evaluating the relationship between cranial ontogeny and life history in hemidactyliine plethodontid urodeles. past and present descriptions are combined into a comprehensive summary of postembryonic skull development for this species, and the sequence, sizes of onset, and morphogenetic pathways are documented for all major remodelling events. developmental series are also compared intraspecifically, between two population ...	1995	29865294