Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the cliff swallow bug oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae) in florida: ectoparasite implications for hole-nesting birds. | in may 1988, ten juvenile birds, not yet ready to fledge, jumped to their death from a colony of the purple martin, progne subis near okeechobee city, florida. the martin house and nestlings were found to be infested with ectoparasitic oeciacus vicarius horvath, the cliff swallow bug, not previously reported from florida. this ectoparasite infestation apparently led to early abandonment of two houses by the adult martins. oeciacus vicarius therefore represents a possible threat to all hole-nesti ... | 1991 | 1773130 |
| serological examinations for antibodies against west nile virus, semlikivirus and chikungunyavirus in laboratory mice, parasitized by nidicole fauna from swallow's nests. | experimental mice in swallow's (nmri) nests highly infested with swallow bugs (hirundo rustica) revealed antibodies against west nile virus, semliki virus and chikungunya virus. additional nidicole ectoparasites were not controlled and could also play a role in the occurrence of infection in experimental mice. swallows and sparrows (passer domesticus) additional nest inhabitants appear to be the ultimate link in this infection pathway as swallow bugs seldom migrate into dwellings to infest human ... | 1988 | 3139492 |
| field observations on the life cycle of ixodes baergi and some seasonal and daily activity cycles of oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae), argas cooleyi (acari: argasidae), and ixodes baergi (acari: ixodidae). | 2013 | 3694632 | |
| the natural invasion of artificial cliff swallow nests by oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae) and ceratophyllus petrochelidoni (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae). | 1968 | 5749057 | |
| a field study on the effects of fort morgan virus, an arbovirus transmitted by swallow bugs, on the reproductive success of cliff swallows and symbiotic house sparrows in morgan county, colorado, 1976. | we studied the transmission of fort morgan (fm) virus within colonies of nesting cliff swallows and house sparrows under three bridges in morgan county, colorado during 1976. nests were examined, and blood or brain specimens were collected from nestlings once or twice a week. flying birds and small mammals were also studied. we analyzed nesting activity, virus isolations from nestlings of both species, fledging success, multiple infections within a brood of nestlings, infection frequency by age ... | 1984 | 6091471 |
| recovery of tonate virus ("bijou bridge" strain), a member of the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus complex, from cliff swallow nest bugs (oeciacus vicarius) and nestling birds in north america. | a second virus with distinct biological, serological, and physiochemical properties was detected as a minority viral subpopulation in specimens of cliff swallow nest bugs (oeciacus vicarius) and nestling bird sera containing fort morgan (fm) virus. the second virus, detected by a breakthrough neutralization test employing fm antiserum, was present in 5 of 11 fm virus-positive pools of nest bugs and in 4 of 38 birds from colorado and south dakota. the concentration of the second virus was 10-fold ... | 1980 | 7435797 |
| characterization of fort morgan virus, an alphavirus of the western equine encephalitis virus complex in an unusual ecosystem. | an alphavirus isolated from nestling cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) and from cimicid bugs (oeciacus vicarius) in eastern colorado, for which we propose the name fort morgan (fm) virus, is sensitive to the action of sodium deoxycholate, unstable at ph 2.0-4.0, and demonstrates no characteristics of temperature-sensitive mutants. unpassaged field strains are nonpathogenic, or of low pathogenicity, for suckling mice; however, plaque-purified fm viru ... | 1980 | 7446830 |
| relationship of cliff swallows, ectoparasites, and an alphavirus in west-central oklahoma. | approximately 250 isolates of a newly recognized virus, related to western equine encephalitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus), were obtained from cimicid bugs, oeciacus vicarius; cliff swallows, hirundo pyrrhonata; and house sparrows, passer domesticus in a study area in west-central oklahoma at buggy creek and caddo canyons. antigenicity of the virus strains varied slightly from isolate to isolate. this paper summarizes the ecology of the area by describing in general the flora an ... | 1993 | 8381870 |
| arbovirus infection increases with group size. | buggy creek (bcr) virus is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that is naturally transmitted to its vertebrate host the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) by an invertebrate vector, namely the cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius). we examined how the prevalence of the virus varied with the group size of both its vector and host. the study was conducted in southwestern nebraska where cliff swallows breed in colonies ranging from one to 3700 nests and the bug populations at a site vary directly ... | 2001 | 11522203 |
| phylogenetic characterization of wolbachia symbionts infecting cimex lectularius l. and oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae). | wolbachia symbionts are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause host reproductive alterations in many arthropods and filarial nematodes. we identified wolbachia symbionts in the cliff swallow bug (oeciacus vicarious horvath) and the human bed bug (cimex lectularius l.) (hemiptera: cimicidae) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing using wolbachia-specific 16s rdna and ftsz primers. phylogenetic analyses using bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony algorith ... | 2004 | 15605657 |
| between-group transmission dynamics of the swallow bug, oeciacus vicarius. | the parasitic cimicid swallow bug, oeciacus vicarius, is the principal invertebrate vector for buggy creek virus (bcrv) and has also been associated with venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. to help understand the spread of this vector, we experimentally measured the transmission of o. vicarius between groups (colonies) of its main host, the cliff swallow (petrochelidonpyrrhonota), in the field. transmission of bugs between colonies varied significantly with year, size of the colony, and week w ... | 2005 | 16007968 |
| phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus: evidence for multiple clades in the western great plains, united states of america. | we present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus (bcrv), a poorly known alphavirus with transmission cycles involving a cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) vector and cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) as the principal avian hosts. nucleotide sequences of a 2,075-bp viral envelope glycoprotein-coding region, covering the entire pe2 gene, were determined for 33 bcrv isolates taken from swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies ... | 2006 | 16936062 |
| ecological correlates of buggy creek virus infection in oeciacus vicarius, southwestern nebraska, 2004. | buggy creek virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, bcrv) is an alphavirus within the western equine encephalitis virus complex whose primary vector is the swallow bug, oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting cliff swallow, petrochelidon pyrrhonota, that is also a frequent host for the virus. we investigated ecological correlates of bcrv infection in 100-bug pools at 14 different swallow colony sites in southwestern nebraska from summer 20 ... | 2007 | 17294919 |
| bird movement predicts buggy creek virus infection in insect vectors. | predicting the spatial foci of zoonotic diseases is a major challenge for epidemiologists and disease ecologists. migratory birds are often thought to be responsible for introducing some aviozoonotic pathogens such as west nile and avian influenza viruses to a local area, but most information on how bird movement correlates with virus prevalence is anecdotal or indirect. we report that the prevalence of buggy creek virus (bcrv) infection in cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius), the principal ... | 2007 | 17760513 |
| the incidence of american swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius) in barn swallow (hirundo rustica) colonies in northeast texas. | the american swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) is an important ectoparasite of cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and is known to harbor several types of arbovirus. a recent study in northeast texas suggested that o. vicarius might occur in barn swallows (hirundo rustica) at rates much higher than previously thought. the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which barn swallows in northeast texas are parasitized by o. vicarius and how well this parasite is adapting to this no ... | 2007 | 18260518 |
| host and vector movement affects genetic diversity and spatial structure of buggy creek virus (togaviridae). | determining the degree of genetic variability and spatial structure of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may help in identifying where strains that potentially cause epidemics or epizootics occur. genetic diversity in arboviruses is assumed to reflect relative mobility of their vertebrate hosts (and invertebrate vectors), with highly mobile hosts such as birds leading to genetic similarity of viruses over large areas. there are no empirical studies that have directly related host or vector m ... | 2008 | 18373533 |
| experimental inoculation of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with buggy creek virus. | we performed experimental inoculations of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with buggy creek virus (bcrv), a poorly known alphavirus (togaviridae) vectored primarily by the swallow bug (hemiptera: cimicidae: oeciacus vicarius) that is an ectoparasite of the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrow. viremias were detected by plaque assay in two of six birds on days 1-3 postinoculation; viremia was highest on day 2. viral rna was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chai ... | 2008 | 18436665 |
| phylogeographical structure and evolutionary history of two buggy creek virus lineages in the western great plains of north america. | buggy creek virus (bcrv) is an unusual arbovirus within the western equine encephalitis complex of alphaviruses. associated with cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius) as its vector and the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrow (passer domesticus) as its amplifying hosts, this virus is found primarily in the western great plains of north america at spatially discrete swallow nesting colonies. for 342 isolates collected in oklahoma, nebraska, colorado and north dakota, from ... | 2008 | 18753221 |
| isolation of buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) rarely have been found to be vertically transmitted from female arthropods to their progeny. we report two isolations of buggy creek virus (bcrv), an ecologically unusual alphavirus related to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, from field-collected eggs of cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius horvath), the principal vector for bcrv. ten percent of egg pools were positive for bcrv, and we estimated minimum infection rates to be 1.03 infected eggs per 1,000 teste ... | 2009 | 19351091 |
| overwintering of infectious buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) in oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae) in north dakota. | arboviruses have seldom been found overwintering in adult vectors at northern latitudes in north america. buggy creek virus (bcrv; togaviridae, alphavirus) is an ecologically unusual arbovirus vectored principally by the cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius horvath). the ectoparasitic bugs reside year-round in the mud nests of their host, the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota vieillot). we report successful overwintering of infectious bcrv in bugs at a field site in western north dakota, ... | 2009 | 19351093 |
| winter ecology of buggy creek virus (togaviridae, alphavirus) in the central great plains. | a largely unanswered question in the study of arboviruses is the extent to which virus can overwinter in adult vectors during the cold winter months and resume the transmission cycle in summer. buggy creek virus (bcrv; togaviridae, alphavirus) is an unusual arbovirus that is vectored primarily by the swallow bug (hemiptera: cimicidae: oeciacus vicarius) and amplified by the ectoparasitic bug's main avian hosts, the migratory cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and resident house sparrow (pa ... | 2010 | 19725760 |
| stone lakes virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus), a variant of fort morgan virus isolated from swallow bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) west of the continental divide. | multiple isolates of an alphaviruses within the western equine encephalomyelitis-serocomplex that were related closely to ft. morgan and its variant buggy creek virus were made from swallow bugs, oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae), collected from cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) nests at the stone lakes national wildlife refuge, sacramento county, ca, during the summers of 2005 and 2006. this virus (hereafter stone lakes virus, family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, stlv) wa ... | 2009 | 19769055 |
| ecological divergence of two sympatric lineages of buggy creek virus, an arbovirus associated with birds. | most arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) show distinct serological subtypes or evolutionary lineages, with the evolution of different strains often assumed to reflect differences in ecological selection pressures. buggy creek virus (bcrv) is an unusual rna virus (togaviridae, alphavirus) that is associated primarily with a cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) as its vector and the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced house sparrow (passer domesticus) as its amplifying ... | 2009 | 19967872 |
| cliff swallows, swallow bugs, and west nile virus: an unlikely transmission mechanism. | the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) could play an important role in the transmission of west nile virus (wnv) because of its breeding ecology, reservoir competence status, and potentially high natural exposure rates. cliff swallows nest within colonies and their nests are occupied year-round by swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius), hematophagus ectoparasites that feed primarily on cliff swallows. these parasites are likely exposed to wnv while feeding on infectious blood of nesting cliff sw ... | 2010 | 20017719 |
| pathology and virus detection in tissues of nestling house sparrows naturally infected with buggy creek virus (togaviridae). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) infect wild birds, but clinical illness and death attributable to virus in naturally infected birds is rarely reported, particularly for small passerine species or nestlings. buggy creek virus is a unique alphavirus in the western equine encephalomyelitis virus (weev) complex that is vectored by the cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced house sparrow (passer domesti ... | 2010 | 20090015 |
| natural infection of vertebrate hosts by different lineages of buggy creek virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus). | buggy creek virus (bcrv; family togaviridae, genus alphavirus) is an arbovirus transmitted by the ectoparasitic swallow bug (hemiptera: cimicidae: oeciacus vicarius) to cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus). bcrv occurs in two lineages (a and b) that are sympatric in bird nesting colonies in the central great plains, usa. previous work on lineages isolated exclusively from swallow bugs suggested that lineage a relies on amplification by avian hosts, in ... | 2010 | 20229115 |
| persistence of buggy creek virus (togaviridae, alphavirus) for two years in unfed swallow bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae: oeciacus vicarius). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) have rarely been found to persist for long in the adult insects that serve as their vectors. the ectoparasitic swallow bug (hemiptera: cimicidae: oeciacus vicarius horvath), the vector for buggy creek virus (bcrv; togaviridae, alphavirus), lives year-round in the mud nests of its host, the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota vieillot). we measured the prevalence of bcrv in swallow bugs at sites with cliff swallows present and at the same sites after cliff swallows ... | 2010 | 20496591 |
| an enzootic vector-borne virus is amplified at epizootic levels by an invasive avian host. | determining the effect of an invasive species on enzootic pathogen dynamics is critical for understanding both human epidemics and wildlife epizootics. theoretical models suggest that when a naive species enters an established host-parasite system, the new host may either reduce ('dilute') or increase ('spillback') pathogen transmission to native hosts. there are few empirical data to evaluate these possibilities, especially for animal pathogens. buggy creek virus (bcrv) is an arthropod-borne al ... | 2011 | 20685711 |
| experimental exposure of swallow bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) to west nile virus. | the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota, vieillot) could potentially play an important role in the transmission of west nile virus (wnv) because of its breeding ecology, reservoir competence status, and potentially high natural exposure rates. these birds nest in colonies and their nests are occupied year round by swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius, hovarth), hematophagus ectoparasites that feed primarily on cliff swallows. swallow bugs are most likely exposed to wnv while feeding on infectious ... | 2010 | 20939387 |
| prevalence of buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) in insect vectors increases over time in the presence of an invasive avian host. | abstract invasive species can disrupt natural disease dynamics by altering pathogen transmission among native hosts and vectors. the relatively recent occupancy of cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) nesting colonies in western nebraska by introduced european house sparrows (passer domesticus) has led to yearly increases in the prevalence of an endemic arbovirus, buggy creek virus (bcrv), in its native swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) vector at sites containing both the invasive sparrow ho ... | 2011 | 21923265 |
| Group size and nest spacing affect Buggy Creek virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) infection in nestling house sparrows. | The transmission of parasites and pathogens among vertebrates often depends on host population size, host species diversity, and the extent of crowding among potential hosts, but little is known about how these variables apply to most vector-borne pathogens such as the arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses). Buggy Creek virus (BCRV; Togaviridae: Alphavirus) is an RNA arbovirus transmitted by the swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) to the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced hou ... | 2011 | 21966539 |
| seasonal variation and age-related correlates of buggy creek virus (togaviridae) infection in nestling house sparrows. | wild birds are rarely found with active arbovirus infections, and relatively little is known about the patterns of viremia they exhibit under field conditions or how infection varies with date, bird age, or other factors that potentially affect transmission dynamics. buggy creek virus (bcrv; togaviridae, alphavirus) is an arbovirus associated with colonially nesting cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and transmitted by its vector, the hematophagous swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius), an ecto ... | 2012 | 22247382 |
| immune responses of a native and an invasive bird to buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) and its arthropod vector, the swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius). | invasive species often display different patterns of parasite burden and virulence compared to their native counterparts. these differences may be the result of variability in host-parasite co-evolutionary relationships, the occurrence of novel host-parasite encounters, or possibly innate differences in physiological responses to infection between invasive and native hosts. here we examine the adaptive, humoral immune responses of a resistant, native bird and a susceptible, invasive bird to an a ... | 2013 | 23460922 |
| dispersing hemipteran vectors have reduced arbovirus prevalence. | a challenge in managing vector-borne zoonotic diseases in human and wildlife populations is predicting where epidemics or epizootics are likely to occur, and this requires knowing in part the likelihood of infected insect vectors dispersing pathogens from existing infection foci to novel areas. we measured prevalence of an arbovirus, buggy creek virus, in dispersing and resident individuals of its exclusive vector, the ectoparasitic swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius), that occupies cliff swallow (p ... | 2014 | 24694692 |
| costs and benefits of late nesting in cliff swallows. | many organisms of temperate latitudes exhibit declines in reproductive success as the breeding season advances. experiments can delay the onset of reproduction for early breeders to investigate the consequences of late nesting, but it is rarely possible to observe a distinct second round of nesting in species that normally nest only once. the colonial cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) is a migratory songbird that has a relatively short breeding season in the western great plains, usa, wit ... | 2015 | 25266478 |
| predation by ants controls swallow bug (hemiptera: cimicidae: oeciacus vicarius) infestations. | the swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) is the only known vector for buggy creek virus (bcrv), an alphavirus that circulates in cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) in north america. we discovered ants (crematogaster lineolata and formica spp.) preying on swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies in western nebraska, u.s.a. ants reduced the numbers of visible bugs on active swallow nests by 74-90%, relative to nests in the same colony without ants. ant predat ... | 2015 | 26047195 |
| ectoparasitism shortens the breeding season in a colonial bird. | when blood-feeding parasites increase seasonally, their deleterious effects may prevent some host species, especially those living in large groups where parasites are numerous, from reproducing later in the summer. yet the role of parasites in regulating the length of a host's breeding season-and thus the host's opportunity for multiple brooding-has not been systematically investigated. the highly colonial cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota), a temperate-latitude migratory songbird in the w ... | 2015 | 26064606 |
| identification of bat ectoparasite leptocimex inordinatus from bat-dwelling cave, kanchanaburi province, thailand. | bat bugs are blood-feeding insects of bats or warm blooded animals and humans. since 2011, leptocimex spp (heteroptera: cimicidae) has been reported in thailand. however, microscopic examination of leptocimex spp is complicated, especially when the entire body of the specimen is not available. to confirm the phenotypic identification of l. inordinatus from a limestone bat cave in thailand, partial fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coi) gene and 16s mitochondrial ribosoma ... | 2016 | 27086421 |
| no detectable insecticide resistance in swallow bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) following long-term exposure to naled (dibrom 8). | the swallow bug, oeciacus vicarius horvath, is a hematophagous ectoparasite of the cliff swallow, petrochelidon pyrrhonota vieillot, and is closely related to bed bugs (cimex spp.). evolution of insecticide resistance has been documented for bed bugs but not studied in oeciacus. for periods of 17 and 32 yr, two cliff swallow colonies in western nebraska were treated during the summer breeding season using the organophosphate insecticide dibrom. despite continual treatments, o. vicarius has been ... | 2017 | 28399289 |
| hematophagous ectoparasites of cliff swallows invade a hospital and feed on humans. | we describe a hospital infestation by 2 hematophagous ectoparasites of cliff swallows that nested in the window eaves. breaks in window seals allowed entry of swallow ticks and swallow bugs. these pests emerged in large numbers in patient rooms, hallways, and stairwells; 17% of the ticks fed on humans. | 2017 | 29194525 |