Publications

distribution of antibodies to influenza a virus in chickens in japan.	a serological surveillance was carried out to detect antibody against influenza a virus in chicken sera. a total of 8,850 field samples were collected from 47 prefectures in japan. initially, all the sera were screened by agar gel immunodiffusion and those sera showing positive reaction were investigated for haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and neuraminidase-inhibition antibodies against influenza viruses. only 6 samples had antibodies; 4 sera had antibodies against human subtype h1n1 virus; wi ...	1995	8720048
the influenza virus gene pool in a poultry market in south central china.	we surveyed influenza activity in a live poultry market in central china for 16 months, isolating viruses from 1% of 6360 fecal samples. we obtained multiple h3n6, h9n2, h2n9, h3n3, and h4n6 isolates and single h1n1 and h3n2 isolates. two distinct h3 molecules were identified; other hemagglutinin subtypes were phylogenetically homogeneous. the h3n6 viruses (9 genotypes) and h9n2 viruses (4 genotypes) were genetically heterogeneous, whereas the h2n9, h3n3 and h4n6 viruses had single genotypes. th ...	2003	12573572
the quest of influenza a viruses for new hosts.	there is increasing evidence that stable lineages of influenza viruses are being established in chickens. h9n2 viruses are established in chickens in eurasia, and there are increasing reports of h3n2, h6n1, and h6n2 influenza viruses in chickens both in asia and north america. surveillance in a live poultry market in nanchang, south central china, reveals that influenza viruses were isolated form 1% of fecal samples taken from healthy poultry over the course of 16 months. the highest isolation r ...	2003	14575076
using rrt-pcr analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at minto flats state game refuge, alaska, during august 2005.	this study describes surveillance for avian influenza viruses (aiv) in the minto flats state game refuge, high-density waterfowl breeding grounds in alaska. five hundred paired cloacal samples from dabbling ducks (northern pintail, mallard, green wing teal, and widgeon) were placed into ethanol and viral transport medium (vtm). additional ethanol-preserved samples were taken. of the ethanol-preserved samples, 25.6% were aiv rna-positive by real-time rt-pcr. the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminida ...	2007	17541700
[monitoring influenza a virus and newcastle disease virus in migratory waterfowls in sanjiang natural reserve of heilongjiang province].	in order to monitor the present situation of avian influenza virus (aiv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) in migratory waterfowls effectively, 158 tracheal and cloacal swab samples for wild birds were collected from sanjiang natural reserve during migratory seasons in october 2005, april 2006 and october 2006.	2008	19160826
characterization of h3n6 avian influenza virus isolated from a wild white pelican in zambia.	we characterized an influenza virus isolated from a great white pelican in zambia. phylogenetic analysis showed that all of its gene segments belonged to the eurasian lineage and that they appear to have evolved in distinct geographical regions in europe, asia, and africa, suggesting reassortment of virus genes maintained in wild aquatic birds whose flyways overlap across these continents. it is notable that this virus might possess some genes of the same origin as those of highly pathogenic h7 ...	2009	19655084
serologic evidence of avian influenza (h4n6) exposure in a wild-caught raccoon.	growing concerns about avian influenza, and its effect on agriculture and human health, have highlighted the need to understand the role of wildlife in maintaining and spreading the virus. we surveyed the wildlife inhabiting a poultry farm with recent h3n6 and h4n6 avian influenza virus exposure in pennsylvania, u.s.a. one raccoon (procyon lotor) tested positive for h4n6 antibodies. this is the first recorded incident of avian influenza exposure in a wild raccoon. we suggest that raccoons may pl ...	2009	19848088
characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia 2005 through 2007.	since the emergence of h5n1 high pathogenicity (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. in accordance with this a surveillance program for aiv in wild birds was conducted in mongolia from 2005-2007. an important feature of mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore aiv detection in wild birds would not likely be ...	2009	19891786
surveillance and identification of influenza a viruses in wild aquatic birds in the crimea, ukraine (2006-2008).	the ecology of avian influenza (ai) viruses in wild aquatic birds of asia is poorly understood, especially for the h5n1 high pathogenicity ai (hpai) viruses. from march 2006 through november 2008, 20 ai viruses were isolated in the crimea region of ukraine with an overall frequency of virus recovery of 3.3%. all the viruses were isolated from three species of dabbling ducks: mallard (anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (anas penelope), and garganey (anas querquedula), making the frequency of virus recov ...	2010	20945793
potential of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses of wild bird origin to establish experimental infections in turkeys and chickens.	the potential of low pathogenicity (lp) avian influenza virus (aiv) isolates of wild bird origin to establish infection in commercial turkeys and broiler chickens was studied. isolates, representing subtypes h5n1, h7n3, h6n2, and h3n6, were recovered in 2005 and 2006 from waterfowl and shorebirds in the delmarva peninsula region of the east coast of the united states. the lp aiv isolates were not pathogenic for 2-wk-old meat-type turkeys and broiler chickens. no mortality, clinical signs, or gro ...	2010	20945794
surveillance of avian influenza virus in migratory water birds in eastern hokkaido, japan.	the epidemiological information has obtained on avian influenza virus (aiv) in eastern hokkaido, japan, where aiv surveillance has not been performed. cloacal or fecal samples obtained from migratory water birds were screened for aiv both by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to detect the influenza a virus matrix (m) gene and by egg inoculation. between 2007 and 2009, a total of 2,488 samples were collected from various avian species in abashiri, kushiro, nemuro and tokac ...	2010	20948168
[isolation of influenza a virus from wild birds in western part of mongolia].	to study circulation of influenza a viruses in western part of mongolia.	2010	21381371
live bird markets of bangladesh: h9n2 viruses and the near absence of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza.	avian influenza surveillance in bangladesh has been passive, relying on poultry farmers to report suspected outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza. here, the results of an active surveillance effort focusing on the live-bird markets are presented. prevalence of influenza infection in the birds of the live bird markets is 23.0%, which is similar to that in poultry markets in other countries. nearly all of the isolates (94%) were of the non-pathogenic h9n2 subtype, but viruses of the h1n2, ...	2011	21541296
influenza-a viruses in ducks in northwestern minnesota: fine scale spatial and temporal variation in prevalence and subtype diversity.	waterfowl from northwestern minnesota were sampled by cloacal swabbing for avian influenza virus (aiv) from july-october in 2007 and 2008. aiv was detected in 222 (9.1%) of 2,441 ducks in 2007 and in 438 (17.9%) of 2,452 ducks in 2008. prevalence of aiv peaked in late summer. we detected 27 aiv subtypes during 2007 and 31 during 2008. ten hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes were detected each year (i.e., h1, 3-8, and 10-12 during 2007; h1-8, 10 and 11 during 2008). all neuraminidase (na) subtypes were d ...	2011	21931636
genetic relationship of h3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks and wild birds in korea and their pathogenic potential in chickens and ducks.	the h3 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) is one of the most frequently isolated subtypes in domestic ducks, live poultry markets, and wild birds in korea. in 2002-2009, a total of 45 h3 subtype aivs were isolated from the feces of clinically normal domestic ducks (n=28) and wild birds (n=17). the most prevalent subtypes in domestic ducks were h3n2 (35.7%), h3n6 (35.7%), h3n8 (25.0%), and h3n1 (3.6%, novel subtype in domestic duck in korea). in contrast, h3n8 (70.6%) is the most prevalent subty ...	2011	21955449
ecology of influenza virus in wild bird populations in central asia.	the study provides the results of avian influenza virus surveillance in central asia during 2003-2009. we have analyzed 2604 samples from wild birds. these samples were collected in kazakhstan (279), mongolia (650), and russia (1675). isolated viruses from samples collected in mongolia (13 isolates) and in russia (4 isolates) were described. virological analysis has shown that six isolates belong to the h3n6 subtype and five isolates belong to the h4n6 subtype. two h1n1 influenza viruses, one h1 ...	2012	22545553
evaluation of two different swab transport systems in the detection of avian influenza virus excretion from infected pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos).	the role of wild birds in the epidemiology and ecology of influenza a viruses has long been recognised (alexander, 2007a). as a result of the emergence of a h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus and the apparent role of wild birds in its spread across asia, europe and africa, avian influenza (ai) wild bird surveillance has been implemented in many countries including, since february 2006, a mandatory programme in the european union (cec, 2006a). in the present study the detection o ...	2012	22609802
low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild house mice.	avian influenza viruses are known to productively infect a number of mammal species, several of which are commonly found on or near poultry and gamebird farms. while control of rodent species is often used to limit avian influenza virus transmission within and among outbreak sites, few studies have investigated the potential role of these species in outbreak dynamics.	2012	22720076
complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h11n2 avian influenza virus isolated from a live poultry market in eastern china.	a/chicken/nanjing/908/2009(h11n2) (ck908) was isolated from a live poultry market in nanjing, china. using pcr and sequencing analysis, we obtained the complete genome sequences of the ck908 virus. the sequence analysis demonstrated that this h11n2 virus was a novel reassortant aiv whose pb1, pb2, pa, ha, np, na, m, and ns genes originated from h9n2, h7n7, h5n2, h11n8, h3n6, h6n2, h1n1, and h5n1, respectively. knowledge regarding the complete genome sequences of the ck908 virus will be useful fo ...	2012	23087108
genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n6 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern china.	here, we report the complete genome sequence of an h3n6 avian influenza virus (aiv) isolated from domestic ducks in jiangsu province of eastern china in 2010. phylogenetic analysis showed that the h3n6 virus is a natural recombinant virus whose genes were derived from h3n8, h4n6, h6n6, h7n7, and h11n2 aivs. this analysis will help to understand the molecular characteristics and evolution of the h3n6 influenza virus in eastern china.	2013	23580714
complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n6 avian influenza virus isolated from domestic green-winged teal.	an avian influenza virus strain, a/domestic green-winged teal/hunan/2036/2007(h3n6) (dgw-t2036), was isolated from healthy domestic green-winged teals (anas crecca) in hunan province, south china. all eight gene segments of the isolate were sequenced. genomic analysis demonstrated that this h3n6 virus is a novel reassortant avian influenza virus with a gene constellation originating from multiple ancestors.	2013	23682150
low pathogenic influenza a virus activity at avian interfaces in ohio zoos, 2006-2009.	this investigation to examine influenza a virus activity in avian species at four ohio zoos was initiated to better understand the ecology of avian-origin influenza a (aiv) virus in wild aquatic birds and the possibility of spill-over of such viruses into captive zoo birds, both native and foreign species. virus isolation efforts resulted in the recovery of three low pathogenic (lp) aiv isolates (one h7n3 and two h3n6) from oral-pharyngeal or cloacal swabs collected from over 1000 zoo birds repr ...	2013	24283133
the zoonotic potential of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild waterfowl in zambia.	whilst remarkable progress in elucidating the mechanisms governing interspecies transmission and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aivs) has been made, similar studies focusing on low-pathogenic aivs isolated from the wild waterfowl reservoir are limited. we previously reported that two aiv strains (subtypes h6n2 and h3n8) isolated from wild waterfowl in zambia harbored some amino acid residues preferentially associated with human influenza virus proteins (so-called hum ...	2014	24862188
avian influenza virus with hemagglutinin-neuraminidase combination h3n6, isolated from a domestic pigeon in guangxi, southern china.	the h3 subtype of avian influenza virus can provide genes for human influenza virus through gene reassortment, which has raised great concerns about its potential threat to human health. an h3n6 subtype of avian influenza virus was isolated from guangxi province, china, in 2009. all eight gene segments of the strain were sequenced. the sequence analysis indicated that this h3n6 virus was a nature reassortant virus. the genome sequences now can be used to understand the epidemiological and molecu ...	2015	25657287
characterization of the whole-genome sequence of an h3n6 avian influenza virus, isolated from a domestic duck in guangxi, southern china.	a field strain of h3n6 avian influenza virus (aiv), a/duck/guangxi/175d12/2014(h3n6), was isolated from a native duck in guangxi province, southern china, in 2014. all of the eight aiv gene segments were sequenced, and sequence results revealed that there were 11 amino acid deletions at the na stalk region. the na, pb2, and np genes showed highest homology to h5n6 aiv, and the pa gene showed highest homology to h7n2 aiv. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the eight aiv gene segments belonged t ...	2015	26472834
genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a virus subtypes co-circulate among poultry in bangladesh.	influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a viruses in bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. we analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza a viruses. virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50) were subtyped and their coding-complete genomes were sequenced. the most frequently identified subtyp ...	2016	27010791