Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| isolation of influenza virus from wild ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | in the course of studies on influenza virus ecology, influenzavirus a was isolated from a cloacal smear from a wild duck (anas platyrhynchos) caught in west slovakia. the strain was identified as a(hav7nav1). the results of virus isolation experiments from other species of aquatic and other small birds were negative. | 1978 | 29468 |
| strain differences in electrophoretic mobility of influenzavirus a polypeptides. | slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of influenza-virus a strains varying in antigenic composition of the envelope and in the natural host species showed the nucleprotein and membrane proteins to have a standard molecular weight of 58,000 and 24,000 daltons, respectively. the electrophoretic mobility and molecular weights of the light and heavy chains of haemagglutinin varied in the strains under study. the differences observed persisted on passaging and were transferred upon genome recombina ... | 1978 | 29472 |
| properties of influenzavirus nucleocapsids in nonpermissive cells. | the properties of fowl plague virus (influenzavirus a) nucleocapsids isolated from the cytoplasm of infected ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and chick embryo cells were compared. nucleocapsids isolated from both systems possessed similar polypeptides (p and np) but differed in their biophysical characteristics. nucleocapsids from ascites cells sedimented in velocity sucrose gradients slower (from 25 to 50 s) and the majority of them banded at higher density in cscl gradients (rho 1.38 as compare ... | 1979 | 42293 |
| [antigenic structure of the neuraminidases of vaccinal strains of influenza virus type a used in the production of live anti-influenza oral vaccine]. | 1976 | 62454 | |
| [antigenic properties of influenza virus type a inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation]. | the effect of ultraviolet irradiation (uvi) on influenza a virus was studied. uvi of influenza a virus purified by adsorption chromatography on porous glass (pg) was found to result in irreversible inactivation of virus. the rate of inactivation directly depended upon the degree of virus purification. a reduction in the neuraminidase, hemagglutinating and antigenic activity of the virus occurred after a considerably longer uvi (over 7--10 min) than that required for inactivation of the purified ... | 1978 | 77085 |
| [respiratory tract infections of viral origin in infants. examination of 103 serum pairs in autumn and following spring]. | in autumn 1973 und about four months later in spring 1974 blood samples were taken from the same 103 children aged from a few months to five years and coming from different parts of bavaria. we examined the samples for complement-fixing antibodies against the influenza virus types a, b and c, the parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, the adenoviruses and the respiratory-syncytial virus, and for neutralising antibodies against the echo virus type 25. at the commencement of the investigation the m ... | 1975 | 172769 |
| effects of viral exposure of the two-cell mouse embryo on cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro. | the effect of viral exposure of two-cell mouse embryos on their capacity to undergo subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro was determined. exposure to coxsackie viruses b-4 and b-6, reovirus type 2, influenza virus type a, mouse cytomegalovirus, adenovirus type 5, and mouse adenovirus resulted in statistically significant inhibition of blastocyst formation. development in vitro was unaffected by exposure to echo virus type 11, attenuated poliomyelitis virus type 2, parainfluenza v ... | 1979 | 225719 |
| influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t cells in man; induction and properties of the cytotoxic cell. | human peripheral blood lymphocytes have been sensitized in vitro to influenza virus antigen. after an induction period of 4--14 days, cytotoxic cells which lyse autologous influenza virus-infected lymphoid cells could be demonstrated. the cytotoxic cell is a t lymphocyte which shows specificity for sensitizing influenza virus type a or b. it cannot distinguish between major subtypes of influenza a virus. the use of virus-infected normal lymphoid cells as target cells overcame the difficulties of ... | 1978 | 309394 |
| influenza in china in 1977: recurrence of influenzavirus a subtype h1n1. | preliminary results from epidemiological and laboratory studies on the new h1n1 influenza virus show that the 7-20 years age group suffered the highest morbidity; some adults over 20 years of age were also affected. the influenza epidemic caused by the h1n1 virus was characterized by slow spread, unevenness of attack rates, and the occurrence of many mild cases and inapparent infections. at least up to the end of 1977 there was concurrent persistence and spread of both h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. the ... | 1978 | 310732 |
| influenza in the ussr in 1977: recurrence of influenzavirus a subtype h1n1. | early in november 1977, several outbreaks of influenza were reported in the far eastern region of the ussr. the epidemic spread rapidly throughout the country affecting mainly people under the age of 20 years. most of the strains of virus isolated were found to be influenza a subtype h1n1. the serological characterization of the strains is described in this paper. | 1978 | 310733 |
| comparison of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods for viral diagnosis at a distance: a who collaborative study. | nasopharyngeal secretions collected in newcastle were examined in both newcastle and stockholm for the presence of influenza virus type a and respiratory syncytial (rs) virus by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. a total of 139 specimens were examined in this way and the agreement between the two centres for immunofluorescence was 94% for influenza virus a, 95% for respiratory syncytial virus, and 95% for negative specimens. this technique can therefore be used for examining spe ... | 1978 | 352565 |
| reaction of squirrel monkeys to intratracheal inoculation with influenza/a/new jersey/76 (swine) virus. | to determine whether a model could be established for laboratory investigations, nine squirrel monkeys were inoculated intratracheally with 10(7) median egg-infectious doses of influenza virus type a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) (swine influenza virus). they responded with clinically detectable illness including fever, leukopenia, decreased food consumption, increased respiratory rate, occasional coughing, labored breathing, nasal discharge, and lethargy. convalescence was well advanced by the day 1 ... | 1977 | 405321 |
| evaluation of commercially prepared vaccines for experimentally induced type a/new jersey/8/76 influenza virus infections in mice and squirrel monkeys. | mice and squirrel monkeys were vaccinated and subsequently challenged at selected times to evaluate the immunoprophylactic value of vaccines against influenza virus type a/new jersey/76. mice were challenged with virulent, homologous virus either 17 or 60 days after vaccination with 80 chick cell-agglutinating (cca) units of whole-virus vaccine. vaccinated mice showed minimal lesions and virus in lung tissue and had lower lung weights than unvaccinated controls. these mice had titers of hemagglu ... | 1977 | 415092 |
| investigations on the involvement of swine influenza a virus (hsw1n1) in the influenza outbreak recorded in a town of romania during the 1976--1977 winter season. | seroepidemiological investigations performed with 1,620 serum samples and serodiagnostic tests with 166 paired sera demonstrated that swine influenza virus type a/new jersey 8/76 (hsw1n1) played no role in the epidemiology of human influenza in a large town of romania during 1977. | 1978 | 567886 |
| [aggregation and deformation of virions and subviral structures of influenza virus type a in interaction with antibodies]. | 1978 | 571174 | |
| [clinical characteristics of influenza caused by different variants of influenza virus type a (a2 and a1)]. | 1978 | 675311 | |
| [investigations on strain-specific differences in the relationship between hemagglutination-inhibition titers and the number and quality of antibody molecules oriented to influenza virus type a strains (author's transl)]. | for a series of influenza virus a strains, the number of antibody molecules per ml (a) and their quality in terms of the equilibrium constant k was determined. the relationship between the values of a and k and the hi titers was examined and the following results were obtained: 1. for the majority of strains tested, no significant differences in the number of antibody molecules per hi unit were found. for some strains, significantly differing a/hi values were recorded. however, it cannot be excl ... | 1978 | 746994 |
| [characterization of biological properties and glycopeptide composition of influenza virus type a grown in different cell systems]. | 1978 | 749333 | |
| [the possible epidemic recrudescence of swine-like influenza virus type a]. | an account of the effects of recent influenza epidemics is given from the medical standpoint, and also with respect to their social and economic repercussions. the part played by air travel in the carriage of such epidemics is also examined. the immunity of the population of rome towards an a strain swine fever (a/new jersey 8/76) is assessed in the light of personal research. | 1976 | 995280 |
| efficacy of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide against influenza virus infections in mice. | 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) was effective against strains of influenza virus types a and f, whereas amantadine hydrochloride was effective only against strains of influenza virus type a. dose-related protective effects against lethal influenza infections in mice were obtained with single oral doses of 25 to 400 mg of ribavirin per kg administered at the time of virus inoculation or up to 24 h thereafter. therapeutic indexes (maximum tolerated dose/median effec ... | 1975 | 1147589 |
| quartromicin, a complex of novel antiviral antibiotics. i. production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and antiviral activity. | a strain of amycolatopsis orientalis no. q427-8 (atcc 53884) was found to produce a complex of new antiviral antibiotics, quartromicin which consisted of at least six components a1, a2, a3, d1, d2 and d3. structural studies suggested that they are a novel type of molecules unrelated to any known antibiotics. each component of quartromicin exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza virus type a and human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1313409 |
| nuclear transport of influenza virus polymerase pa protein. | the subcellular distribution of influenza polymerase pa subunit has been studied using a sv40-recombinant virus (svpa76), which allows the expression and accumulation of this protein in cos-1 cells. in contrast to the complete nuclear localization observed for the pa subunit several hours after influenza virus infection, when cos-1 cells were infected with the svpa76 recombinant, the pa protein accumulated either in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm or was distributed throughout the cell. when cells ... | 1992 | 1320800 |
| nucleotide sequence changes in the polymerase basic protein 2 gene of temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus. | influenza a viruses bearing temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of animals and humans and are therefore attenuated. nucleotide sequences were determined for the rna segment coding for the polymerase basic protein 2 (pb2) from a panel of 12 influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) ts viruses, previously characterized to have a ts mutation in the pb2 gene. each of the viruses with a ts mutation in the pb2 gene had a single amino acid change located at ... | 1992 | 1413525 |
| increased influenza a virus sialidase activity with n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid-containing substrates resulting from influenza c virus o-acetylesterase action. | influenza virus type c (johannesburg/1/66) was used as a source for the enzyme o-acetylesterase (ec 3.1.1.53) with several natural sialoglycoconjugates as substrates. the resulting products were immediately employed as substrates using influenza virus type a [(singapore/6/86) (h1n1) or shanghai/11/87 (h3n2)] as a source for sialidase (neuraminidase, ec 3.2.1.18). a significant increase in the percentage of sialic acid released was found when the o-acetyl group was cleaved by o-acetylesterase act ... | 1992 | 1413991 |
| pneumonia--a clinical or radiographic diagnosis? etiology and clinical features of lower respiratory tract infection in adults in general practice. | etiology and clinical manifestations have been studied in 153 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and the results are presented according to clinical and radiographic diagnosis. laboratory investigations revealed that bacterial infection, mycoplasma and chlamydia included, occurred as often in 22 patients whose clinical diagnoses of pneumonia were not evident radiographically, as in 20 patients with radiographic pneumonia. in the latter group significantly higher values of ery ... | 1992 | 1465584 |
| influenza basic polymerase 2 peptides are recognized by influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) play an important role in limiting viral infections and in eradicating virus from host tissues. recent progress in understanding the processing and presentation of viral antigens to ctl indicates that the ctl antigen receptor recognizes peptides derived from viral proteins that are bound to an antigen binding groove present in class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules. in understanding ctl anti-viral responses and in creating vaccines designed to elic ... | 1992 | 1495499 |
| [varying clinical pictures among young children with influenza virus type a infections]. | the clinical course of influenza type a virus infections in 47 hospitalized children aged 0-9 years was assessed retrospectively. the infection was diagnosed by demonstration of the virus in the nasopharyngeal secretion during the acute phase of the illness. out of 21 influenza a strains in which the subtype was determined, one was found to be h1- and 20 were h3-subtype. lower respiratory tract disease was the main diagnosis in 21 children, 16 of whom had pneumonia; 14 of these patients were und ... | 1992 | 1539390 |
| translational control by influenza virus. selective and cap-dependent translation of viral mrnas in infected cells. | in cells infected by influenza virus type a, host protein synthesis undergoes a rapid and dramatic shutoff. to define the molecular mechanisms underlying this selective translation, a transfection/infection protocol was developed utilizing viral and cellular cdna clones. when cos-1 cells were transfected with cdnas encoding nonviral genes and subsequently infected with influenza virus, protein expression from the exogenous genes was diminished, similar to the endogenous cellular genes. however, ... | 1992 | 1577765 |
| [studies on sialidase and esterase in influenza viruses]. | the main contributions of the author and collaborators about sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18) of influenza virus types a and b and o-acetylesterase (ec 3.1.1.53) of type c are summarized. after a short introduction on the topic, the negative results obtained by the author on inhibitors are commented. then, the peculiarities of the three procedures assayed, based on the nadh determination as a measurement for the sialidase activity, are discussed. the spectrofluorimetric measurement of nadh concentration ... | 1991 | 1656837 |
| a new class of antivirals: antisense oligonucleotides combined with a hydrophobic substituent effectively inhibit influenza virus reproduction and synthesis of virus-specific proteins in mdck cells. | to enhance the penetration of oligonucleotide ('oligo') into cells, the oligo was combined with the hydrophobic undecyl residue. using the 'dna-synthesator', we synthesized oligo, complementary to the loop-forming site of the rna, encoding polymerase 3 of the influenza virus (type a), and combined it with the undecyl residue added to the 5' terminal phosphate group. it was found that the modified oligo effectively suppresses the influenza a/pr8/34 (h1n1) virus reproduction and inhibits the synth ... | 1990 | 1688418 |
| distinct glycoprotein inhibitors of influenza a virus in different animal sera. | normal horse and guinea pig sera contain the glycoprotein inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin, which inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza a viruses of the h2 and h3 subtypes. in the current study, the presence of inhibitors of influenza a virus in pig and rabbit sera was investigated. variants of influenza virus type a/los angeles/2/87(h3n2) that were resistant to horse, pig, or rabbit serum were isolated. analysis of the variant viruses with anti-hemagglutinin (ha) mo ... | 1991 | 1702161 |
| differential inhibitory effects of sulfated polysaccharides and polymers on the replication of various myxoviruses and retroviruses, depending on the composition of the target amino acid sequences of the viral envelope glycoproteins. | sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., dextran sulfate) and sulfated polymers (i.e., sulfated polyvinylalcohol and sulfated copolymers of acrylic acid with vinylalcohol) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus type a (influenza a virus) but not of other myxoviruses (parainfluenza 3, measles, and influenza b viruses). the compounds were also inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 and simian ... | 1991 | 1725692 |
| fluvirucins a1, a2, b1, b2, b3, b4 and b5, new antibiotics active against influenza a virus. i. production, isolation, chemical properties and biological activities. | five unidentified actinomycete strains produced a series of novel antiviral antibiotics which have a unique 2,6-dialkyl-10-ethyl-3(or 9)-hydroxy-13-tridecanelactam nucleus substituted with 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-l-talose or 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-l-mannose(l-mycosamine). the antibiotic components exhibited potent inhibitory activity against influenza virus type a victoria strain infection in madin darby canine kidney cells by the cytopathic effect reduction assay. | 1991 | 1880063 |
| involvement of the influenza a virus pb2 protein in the regulation of viral gene expression. | to determine the function(s) of the pb2 protein of influenza a virus, six temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of a/udorn/72 (h3n2) virus, each carrying a ts mutation in the pb2 gene, were analysed for virus rna and protein synthesis. one of the mutants, icrc27, exhibited unique phenotypes and was characterized in detail. at the non-permissive temperature, 40 degrees c, the accumulation of mrna for each genome segment was reduced severely, leading to delayed and reduced synthesis of viral proteins ... | 1991 | 1940863 |
| two signals mediate nuclear localization of influenza virus (a/wsn/33) polymerase basic protein 2. | polymerase basic protein 2 (pb2), a component of the influenza virus polymerase complex, when expressed alone from cloned cdna in the absence of other influenza virus proteins, is transported into the nucleus. in this study, we have examined the nuclear translocation signal of pb2 by making deletions and mutations in the pb2 sequence. our studies showed that two distant regions in the polypeptide sequence were involved in the nuclear translocation of pb2. in one region, four basic residues (k-73 ... | 1991 | 1985200 |
| comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions. | nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 94 children with acute respiratory illness were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, and influenza virus type a by virus culturing (virus isolation technique [vit]), immunofluorescence assay (ifa), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). similar results were obtained in at least two tests for rsv, influenza virus type a, and adenovirus in 92 (97.9%), 88 (93.6%), and 88 (93.6%) cases, respectively. both rapid vi ... | 1991 | 2037663 |
| [diagnosis of influenza virus type a and b infections]. | 1990 | 2113124 | |
| translational control in influenza virus-infected cells. | influenza virus type a has been shown to establish a translational control system such that during infection there is a dramatic inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and viral mrnas are selectively and efficiently translated. the following review summarizes the complex strategies employed by influenza to accomplish these goals. these include: (i) preventing newly made cellular mrnas from entering the cytoplasm of infected cells; (ii) inhibiting the initiation and elongation steps of transla ... | 1990 | 2133654 |
| hemodialysis clearance of intravenously administered ribavirin. | a patient with an implanted artificial heart, acute, anuric renal failure, and disseminated influenza virus type a infection received intravenous ribavirin. drug elimination by hemodialysis was measured. plasma dialysis clearance averaged 93.9 +/- 8.6 ml/min. the maximum amount of ribavirin removed from the body during one period of hemodialysis was 79.1 mg. ribavirin is not removed in important quantities by hemodialysis. | 1990 | 2334164 |
| [comparative characteristics of spherical and filamentous virions of influenza virus type a]. | an analysis of fractions of a reassortant of a/wsn/33 and a/duck/hochimin/014/78 strains enriched with spherical and filamentous virions showed that spherical and filamentous virus particles differed by sucrose density gradient. the relative content of nucleocapsid protein in filamentous virions was slightly lower than in spherical ones which might be due to different volume/surface ratio of these particles. the results of uv-inactivation of filamentous and spherical virions suggest that the fil ... | 1990 | 2363271 |
| [detection of a heterogeneous population of influenza virus type a/h1n1 with monoreceptor sera to hemagglutinin antigenic determinants]. | studies of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins of influenza h1n1 virus variants isolated in 1981 using monoreceptor antibody to individual antigenic determinants obtained by the selective adsorption method showed some variants to represent heterogeneous populations manifesting antigenic properties of different h1n1 viruses. passages of the heterogeneous virus in the presence of antiinfluenza serum resulted in cloning a subpopulation with the antigenic properties of the hemagglutinin simi ... | 1985 | 2414925 |
| [effect of influenza virus type a and interferon on various pathogenetic factors in bronchial asthma]. | 1986 | 2431398 | |
| kinetic studies on the sialidase of three influenza b and three influenza a virus strains. | sialidase of influenza virus type a has been extensively studied through structural and kinetic approaches. however, sialidase of influenza virus type b has been less investigated. in this work, we have studied the activity and some properties (optimal ph, km, vmax, thermal stability) of sialidase in three influenza virus strains of type b (circulating in the period 1983-86) and also the activity and properties of sialidase from three virus strains of type a circulating at the same period of tim ... | 1989 | 2535486 |
| detection of viral and chlamydial antigens in open-lung biopsy specimens. | the recovery of viruses and chlamydia trachomatis from cell cultures and the detection of their antigens in impression smears prepared from open-lung biopsy (olb) specimens from immunocompromised adults were compared. touch impression smears were prepared on three slides, each containing eight wells. olb tissue was homogenized (stomacher) and inoculated into mrc-5, primary monkey kidney, and mccoy cell cultures. the direct and indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests were used to detect antigens t ... | 1985 | 2983526 |
| [etiology of atypical pneumonias. a serological study on 1494 patients]. | in a retrospective study the serological results from 1494 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were evaluated. an infectious etiology was found in about 40% of the cases. the majority of pneumonias was caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and by influenza virus type a, whereas legionella pneumophila was the fifth most frequent pathogen. in the second part of the study, 13 hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia were investigated by the whole panel of routinely used microbial me ... | 1986 | 3003894 |
| [griseochelin methyl ester, a new polyether derivative with antiviral activity]. | the methylester of griseochelin (1) is a new chemically-made antiviral derivate of the antibiotic griseochelin isolated from fermentations of streptomyces griseus. it belongs to the polyether group and possesses antiviral activity against enveloped rna and dna viruses cultivated in chicken embryo cells (cec), namely influenzavirus a/wsn, vesicularstomatitis virus (indiana), vaccinia virus (lister) and herpes simplex hominis virus type 1 (kupka). the methylester of griseochelin failed to show vir ... | 1988 | 3212020 |
| [the circulation of influenza virus in human communities subjected to the action of noxious chemical substances]. | investigations were conducted during 1985 and 1986 years on the effect of some noxious chemicals on the influenza virus circulation in an industrial enterprise community. the presence of influenza virus type a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b was revealed by immunofluorescence in exfoliated cells collected from nasopharynx. the kinetic of type specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies was followed monthly. chick embryos were used to isolate influenza virus strains. meaning of the results is discusse ... | 1987 | 3310379 |
| comparative activities of several nucleoside analogs against influenza a, b, and c viruses in vitro. | a set of 20 nucleoside analogs were examined for their inhibitory effects on the cytopathogenicity and growth of influenza virus type a, b, and c strains in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. among the compounds evaluated, pyrazofurin, 3-deazaguanine, ribavirin, carbodine, and cyclopentenyl cytosine inhibited viral cytopathogenicity at concentrations that were lower than those found cytotoxic for the mdck cells. no differences were observed in the 50% effective doses (based on inhibition of ... | 1988 | 3415210 |
| [primary structure of the gene encoding the pb2 protein in influenza virus a/fpb weybridge]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of the avian influenza virus a/fpv weybridge pb2 gene has been determined. | 1988 | 3422007 |
| serologic studies on the behaviour of influenza virus type a in persons of greater são paulo during 1976, 1978 and 1979. | 1986 | 3602828 | |
| [differences in the gene structure of the matrix protein and hemagglutinin in remantadine-resistant and -sensitive variants of the influenza virus type a fpv]. | the oligonucleotide mapping technique and rna-rna hybridization revealed structural differences between the ha- and m-protein genes of two variants of influenza a fpv, remantadine-sensitive and remantadine-resistant ones. a quantitative estimation of the structural divergence of the two influenza fpv pairs of genes was carried out. the possible functional role of the differences in the structure of the ha- and m-protein genes of the two fpv variants is discussed. | 1987 | 3673023 |
| [inhibition of several strains of influenza virus type a and b by phenolic polymers]. | ten synthetic polymers of diphenolic compounds (kop, hykop, chop, 3,4-dhtop na-adrop, nh4-adrop, na-noradrop, nh4-noradrop, genop, and 2,5-dhtop) as well as two phenolic polymers of natural origin (na-humate, nh4-humate) were tested for their effectiveness on several strains of influenza virus type a and b. the allantois-on-shell system was used for primary screening. virus multiplication was assessed by means of the infectious titer. all substances tested were found to exert inhibitory effects ... | 1986 | 3814107 |
| [identification of influenza virus type a by solid-phase radioimmunological analysis]. | high sensitivity and specificity of solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) in identification of influenza a (h1n1 and h2n2) viruses in the infected allantoic culture were demonstrated. mixtures of influenza hyperimmune sera free from antibodies to host cell antigens and antineuraminidase antibodies were used as active test sera. the test serum a-h1n1 consisted of antisera to a/fmi/47, a/netherlands/36/56, and a/ussr/090/77 strains; it detected practically all tested variants of h1n1 virus isolated ... | 1985 | 3993004 |
| morphological, histochemical and histoenzymatic investigations on the lungs of mice chronically infected with influenza virus type a. | the lungs of mice having survived three inoculations with influenza virus a/pr8/34 (h1n1) repeated at 7-day intervals (an experimentally induced "chronic" influenza infection) were subjected to histological, electron optic, histochemical and histoenzymatic investigations. hyperemia, edema and infiltration of the alveolar walls with lymphoid and monocytic elements could be observed. electron microscopy revealed changes at the level of different ultrastructures of both lung and infiltration cells. ... | 1985 | 4002617 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization. | the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied in 127 patients with roentgenologically verified pneumonia who needed hospitalization. etiology was determined on the basis of a positive blood culture and/or a significant antibody titer increase. streptococcus pneumoniae was the probable etiological agent in 69 patients, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in five patients, streptococcus pyogenes in two patients, and legionella pneumophila and staphylococcus aureus in one patient each. ev ... | 1985 | 4018066 |
| [synthesis, cloning and determination of the primary structure of a full-size dna copy of the neuraminidase gene from influenza virus type a subtype h1n1]. | complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of the influenza virus a (h1n1) neuraminidase gene has been determined. the predicted amino acid sequence is compared with sequences of neuraminidases from other influenza virus strains. a section of the neuraminidase is found to be homologous to the chicken lysozyme catalytic centre. | 1985 | 4038348 |
| [synthesis, cloning and determination of the primary structure of a full-size dna copy of the np protein gene from influenza virus type a]. | complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of the influenza virus a (h1n1) rna segment 5 has been determined. the degree of nucleotide difference between two variants of a/pr/8/34 strain is estimated. the possible secondary structure of the segment 5 is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of some clones. | 1985 | 4038349 |
| [synthesis, cloning and determination of the primary structure of a full-size dna copy of fragment 8 from the influenza virus type a genome]. | complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of the influenza virus a (h1n1) rna segment 8 has been determined. a section of the hypothetical protein coded for by the negative strand of the segment 8 is found to be homologous to the trypsin catalytic centre. | 1985 | 4038350 |
| electron microscopy of influenza virus. a comparison of negatively stained and ice-embedded particles. | an electron microscopical study was made of the influenza virus, type b/hong kong, in the unstained, frozen, hydrated state after quench-freezing in cooled liquid ethane. the results are compared with data from negatively stained specimens. it is shown that cryo-electron microscopy confirms and extends the data obtained by conventional methods. in particular, the virus is shown to be circular in projection with no indication of icosahedral symmetry, the lipid membrane is clearly resolved as a bi ... | 1985 | 4046029 |
| decay of influenza a viruses of human and avian origin. | the decay rate of six strains of influenza virus type a of human origin and eight strains of avian origin were examined in aerosol form under fixed conditions of temperature and humidity. strains of avian origin were demonstrated to have greater resistance to decay of viability. | 1968 | 4234786 |
| surveys of respiratory virus antibodies in an arctic indian population. | a study was undertaken to determine the etiological agents responsible for epidemics in a small and relatively isolated arctic community.three serological surveys were carried out over a four-year period employing complement fixation tests. clinical information from the resident nurse was also available.the results indicated that of the two clinical epidemics of "influenza" which occurred during the period of study one was due to influenza virus type a; the other was unidentified. however, influ ... | 1965 | 4284108 |
| antigenic relationships between type a influenza viruses of human, porcine, equine, and avian origin. | this paper summarizes the available information on the relationship of two envelope antigens (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) of influenzaviruses isolated from different hosts. the relationship of the haemagglutinin antigens was based on the results of haemagglutination inhibition tests with postinfection sera and that of the neuraminidase antigens on the results of neuraminidase inhibition and gel precipitation tests with hyperimmune and monospecific sera. on the basis of the antigenic specif ... | 1972 | 4540995 |
| antigenic variation of equine (heq2neq2) influenzavirus. | influenza equine (heq2neq2) strains isolated during the course of epizootics observed in guanabara (rio de janeiro) and são paulo, brazil, in july-october 1969 were shown to differ antigenically from earlier strains of the same subtype (a/equine/miami/1/63 (heq2neq2)). the difference could be clearly demonstrated in haemagglutination inhibition tests performed with postinfection horse or ferret sera but not with hyperimmune rooster sera. antibody responses of diseased horses were higher and more ... | 1972 | 4540996 |
| a new subtype of type a influenzavirus isolated from turkeys. | a new subtype of avian influenzavirus a was isolated in january 1967 from an epizootic in a turkey hatchery in ontario, canada. the disease was fatal in 65 of 2 500 hens involved. virus was isolated from lung and trachea tissue of three dead turkeys. sera from convalescent birds contained antibody against the viruses isolated from the outbreak but not against other known type a avian influenzaviruses, newcastle disease virus, myxovirus yucaipa, or mycoplasma gallisepticum.the strain designated a ... | 1972 | 4541004 |
| host response differences among 5 avian species to an influenzavirus--a-turkey-ontario-7732-66 (hav5n?). | experiments were carried out to determine how turkeys, ducks, quails, pheasants, and pigeons respond to the same avian influenzavirus (a/turkey/ontario/7732/66). the factors considered were the antibody response, virus shedding, and overt signs of disease. while no signs of disease were observed among the pheasants and ducks, turkeys had severe disease that terminated fatally. there was a marked antibody response in the pheasants and quail and a poor response in ducks. the ease and regularity of ... | 1972 | 4541005 |
| unusual features of the 1971 influenza epidemic in hungary and the antigen analysis of the isolates by a serum adsorption test. | in hungary the 1971 influenza epidemic, unlike earlier influenza a2 epidemics, started unusually early and in 2 foci. average morbidity (19.3%) was in the usual range but the geographical distribution of the cases was irregular. when 179 isolates were analysed antigenically with monospecific sera prepared by serum adsorption, it was found that they represented 2 clearly distinguishable variants of influenzavirus a (h3n2); 126 strains were closely related to the prototype strain a/hong kong/1/68, ... | 1973 | 4545152 |
| a simple scheme for the early detection of influenza virus type a. | 1974 | 4614046 | |
| [isolation of influenza virus type a on a turkey farm in campania]. | 1969 | 5407920 | |
| [attempted adaptation of 2 strains of influenza virus (type a) to chick embryo cells cultured in vitro]. | 1966 | 6007979 | |
| [antigenic determinants in the makeup of the hemagglutinins of influenza virus type a (h3n2) isolated in 1977--1978]. | antigenic composition of hemagglutinins (ha) of influenza a viruses isolated during the epidemic of 1977--1978 was studied. three antigenic determinants of h3.1, h3.5 and h3.7, identical to the determinants of ha of the viruses isolated in 1975, were detected in ha of the viruses isolated in 1977--1978 by means o the hai test with inhibitor-free and monoreceptor sera. a/south australia/1/77 virus was an exception in this group of viruses, and its ha contained only two determinants, h3.5 and h3.7 ... | 1980 | 6158176 |
| [antigenic heterogeneity of human influenza virus type a populations and its role in the epidemic process]. | 1983 | 6191450 | |
| effect of anti-interferon serum of influenza virus infection in mice. | mice were infected by an aerosol of influenza virus type a (0.5 ld50) and subsequently treated with 4 intranasal instillations of anti-interferon antiserum over a period of 72 h. all the mice treated with antiserum died within 7 days post-infection, whilst the mice in the control groups survived. in mice that did not receive the antibody, virus titers in the lung peaked on day 3 and then decreased again. also, interferon was detectable both in lung homogenates and serum. in mice treated with ant ... | 1983 | 6191656 |
| a longitudinal study of respiratory viruses and bacteria in the etiology of acute otitis media with effusion. | we analyzed data from a 14-year longitudinal study of respiratory infections in young children to determine the relative importance of viral respiratory infection and nasopharyngeal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae as factors influencing the occurrence of acute otitis media with effusion. the incidence of this disorder was increased in children with viral respiratory infections (average relative risk, 3.2; p less than 0.0001). infection with respiratory syncy ... | 1982 | 6281639 |
| [viral characteristics and immunological reactions of the body during adaptation of influenza virus type a to mice. i. viral variability]. | 1984 | 6330473 | |
| [viral characteristics and immunologic reactions of the body during adaptation of influenza virus type a to mice. ii. immunologic reactions]. | 1984 | 6330474 | |
| [viral characteristics and immunologic reactions of the body during adaptation of influenza virus type a to mice. iii. biological properties of viruses used for adaptation and mouse-adapted viruses]. | 1984 | 6330475 | |
| study of several genetic markers of two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | two recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains were studied as regards neuraminidase activity, the rate of elution from chicken rbc and the sensitivity to nonspecific horse serum inhibitors. neuraminidase activity was lower in the a(h1n1) recombinant and in its collection and wild-type parents belonging to the same subtype than in the a(h3n2) recombinant and parental strains; the elution rate was much higher in the former than in the latter. in contrast to the parenta ... | 1982 | 6959412 |
| [isolation and characterization of influenza virus type a, in ornamental birds, in rio de janeiro]. | 1982 | 6985407 | |
| the preventive effect of human interferon-alpha on influenza infection; modification of clinical manifestations of influenza in children in a closed community. | a double-blind, controlled trial to ascertain the preventive effect of human interferon-alpha (hu ifn-alpha) on upper respiratory viral infections was performed on children in a closed community. drops of hu ifn-alpha were instilled into the nasal cavity of 13 healthy children aged one to three years. fourteen children were given placebos as controls. administration of the interferon and clinical observations were carried out in the winter of 1980. serological examination revealed that this was ... | 1982 | 7165687 |
| [effect of low ph values on the infectivity and neuraminidase activity of human and animal strains of influenza virus type a]. | the influence of acidic ph on the infectivity and neuraminidase activity of human, equine and avian type a influenza virus strains has been studied. following exposure to ph 3 human and equine strains lost their infectivity completely, whereas all investigated strains of the subtypes hav6n2 and hav7neq2 retained a certain amount of infectivity. in contrast to human and equine strains the avian strains retained also 38% of their original neuraminidase activity after acidic treatment. partial rete ... | 1982 | 7170871 |
| study of recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type a strains. | simultaneous inoculation of chick embryos with a standard laboratory influenza virus--a/pr8/34 (h0n1)--and with an autochthonous epidemic strain--belonging to the antigenic subtype a(h1n1) of a(h3n2), respectively--resulted in the isolation of two genetic recombinants, designated r1ivn (h1n1) and r2ivn (h3n2). each recombinant was antigenically identical to its wild-type parent and exhibited a hemagglutinating titer in chick embryos about 4-fold greater than that of the autochthonous parental st ... | 1981 | 7303494 |
| [cytological differences in cell cultures infected with classical fowl plague virus and influenza virus type a]. | 1981 | 7345914 | |
| [influenza virus type a proteins]. | 1980 | 7412611 | |
| [comparative study of the proteins of influenza virus type a nucleoproteins]. | a comparative study of protein of nucleoproteins (np-protein) of influenza a viruses by peptide mapping shows its variability to be small within one drifting series and quite marked in strains belonging to different sero-types. in oligopeptide maps of np-proteins of viruses of the hong kong (h3n2) series there is a typical group of spots differing them from oligopeptide maps of np-proteins of viruses of other serotypes, particularly of the preceeding serotype h2n2 and the viruses related by hema ... | 1980 | 7434735 |
| ig-secreting and interferon-gamma-producing cells in mice mucosally immunized with influenza virus. | 1. oral immunization of mice with influenza virus type a/udorn, induced antigen-specific iga antibodies in external secretions (e.g., saliva and fecal extract). 2. increased numbers of antigen-specific iga spot-forming cells (sfc) were seen in mononuclear cells isolated from iga-effector tissues (e.g., sg) of mice orally-immunized with influenza virus. 3. following oral or systemic immunization of mice, ifn gamma-secreting cells (th1 type) displayed a characteristic pattern of distribution which ... | 1995 | 7502861 |
| mx proteins: gtpases involved in the interferon-induced antiviral state. | mx proteins have molecular masses between 70 and 80 kda and their synthesis is tightly regulated by interferons in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates. some mx proteins function as intracellular mediators of the interferon-induced antiviral state. when suitable cdna constructs were constitutively expressed in mouse 3t3 cells the mouse nuclear mx1 protein conferred selective resistance to influenza virus. the human cytoplasmic mxa protein conferred resistance to influenza virus and vesicular ... | 1993 | 7507812 |
| sequential addition of temperature-sensitive missense mutations into the pb2 gene of influenza a transfectant viruses can effect an increase in temperature sensitivity and attenuation and permits the rational design of a genetically engineered live influenza a virus vaccine. | we have previously described a strategy for the recovery of a synthetic influenza a virus wild-type (wt) pb2 gene (derived from influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 [aa] virus) into an infectious virus. it was possible to introduce an attenuating temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation at amino acid residue 265 of the aa wt pb2 gene and to rescue this mutant gene into infectious virus. application of this new technology to influenza a virus vaccine development requires that multiple attenuating mutations be i ... | 1995 | 7666501 |
| respiratory virus antibodies in adults of a norwegian community: prevalences and risk factors. | the aims were to examine prevalences as well as demographic and environmental predictors of respiratory virus antibodies in serum. | 1995 | 7797347 |
| [influenza and other acute respiratory infections. republic of cuba, 1989]. | information is provided on the epidemiological situation of influenza and other acute respiratory tract diseases in cuba during 1989. general mortality rate was 25.4 per 105 inhabitants. global morbidity rate was 373.9 per 1,000 inhabitants. the highest morbidity rate reported corresponded to children 5-14 years old and under 1 year of age. serologically, the viral agent proportionally most identified was influenza virus type a (h3n2). | 1993 | 7800896 |
| preparation of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of influenza a infection using different immunization protocols. | four immunization protocols were used to obtain cross-reactive influenza type a-specific monoclonal antibodies: (1) repeated administration of purified influenza virus, (2) immunization with bromelain-treated viral particles free of ha and na, (3) sequential immunization with two strains of different subtypes, and (4) immunization with bromelain-treated particles following tolerization of mice to surface glycoproteins by cyclophosphamide. the fourth approach was shown to be the most effective si ... | 1995 | 7897242 |
| ionizing radiation increases endothelial and epithelial cell production of influenza virus and leukocyte adherence. | to characterize the effect of 60co gamma radiation on cell-cell and pathogen-cell interactions, the adherence of undifferentiated hl-60 cells to huvec monolayers was tested in the absence and presence of lps or influenza virus type a. basal hl-60 cell adherence to uninfected huvec monolayers (3.0 +/- 1.6%, n = 30) was not altered when huvecs were exposed to 1- to 10-gy gamma irradiation 4 to 72 h before the adhesion assay. lps treatment of huvec monolayers (0.5 microgram/ml, 4 h) produced a 6.9- ... | 1994 | 7963577 |
| evaluation of the genetic stability of the temperature-sensitive pb2 gene mutation of the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted vaccine virus. | a single-gene reassortant bearing the pb2 gene of the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted virus in the background of the a/korea/82 (h3n2) wild-type virus is a temperature-sensitive (ts) virus with an in vitro shutoff temperature of 38 degrees c. a single mutation at amino acid (aa) at 265 (asp-ser) of the pb2 protein is responsible for the ts phenotype. this ts single-gene pb2 reassortant virus was serially passaged at elevated temperatures in madin-darby canine kidney cells to generate ts+ phenotypi ... | 1994 | 7966557 |
| reverse misreading of a gc doublet by the modified t7 dna polymerase, sequenase. | in nucleotide sequencing of the cdna of the influenza virus pb2 polymerase gene by the dideoxy method using a modified t7 dna polymerase, sequenase, the sequence of the promoter region, 5'-agcgaaagcagg, was shown to be misread as 5'-agcgaaacgagg, i.e., a gc doublet at positions 8 and 9 was read in reverse. this misreading was also found both when the sequence of bsmi restriction site upstream from the pb2 promoter sequence was exchanged by that of the promoter of t7 rna polymerase and when the d ... | 1994 | 7975272 |
| [the results of a study of the data obtained from patients vaccinated earlier with different influenza vaccines]. | studies of influenza virus type a and b strains isolated during the epidemics of 1990 and 1991 in novgorod from sick children previously vaccinated with influenza vaccines demonstrated no influence of postvaccination immunity on the antigenic properties of the isolates from patients with different vaccination history. under conditions of the concurrent circulation of viruses with previously known and new antigenic structures the difference in the immune response consisted in its greater stimulat ... | 1994 | 8017055 |
| influenza a virus infections among hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | although influenza virus continues to cause annual epidemics of respiratory diseases, surprisingly little is known about the frequency and clinical course of influenza among adult patients with cancer. during the 1991-92 influenza epidemic in houston, texas, we followed all adult bmt recipients hospitalized at m.d. anderson cancer center. none of these 68 patients had received prophylaxis for influenza. influenza virus type a was isolated from 8 (29%) of 28 bmt recipients with an acute respirato ... | 1994 | 8019468 |
| lower respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent children. | viral lower respiratory disease causes a heavy burden on our society. better understanding of the epidemiology of these viruses combined with new rapid diagnostic techniques will provide more rapid and more reliable diagnosis of these agents in the future. two agents not commonly thought of as causes of lri in children (rhinoviruses, coronaviruses) should now be added to an already long list. effective drugs exist for prophylaxis against influenza virus type a and therapy for influenza virus typ ... | 1994 | 8123226 |
| two family outbreaks of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. | during autumn 1992, we observed two unrelated family outbreaks of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. family a consisted of grandmother (aged 77 yrs), father (aged 41 yrs), mother (aged 38 yrs), daughter (aged 10 yrs), and two sons (aged 6 yrs and 3 months, respectively). the grandmother and daughter suffered from pneumonia, father from pharyngitis and bronchitis and the older son from mild bronchitis. no symptoms were recorded in the mother and younger son. symptomatic subjects showed a fourfold in ... | 1994 | 8143807 |
| single- and multi-hit kinetics of immunoglobulin g neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by monoclonal antibodies. | a quantal assay, based on syncytium formation in the human t cell leukaemia-derived c8166 cell line, was used to determine the kinetics of human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strain iiib neutralization. three rat monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used, under physiological conditions of temperature and antibody concentration. mab icr39.3b (igg2b) neutralized virus with no lag period while the other two mabs, icr39.13g (igg2b) and icr41.1i (igg2a), neutralized with lag periods of 5 min an ... | 1994 | 8207410 |
| interaction of the amino-terminus of an influenza virus protein with mitochondria. | reye's syndrome is characterized in part by liver mitochondrial damage. previous studies in an animal model have demonstrated the presence of viral antigens in hepatocytes, but replication of the virus does not occur. evidence is presented in this paper for the interaction of an influenza virus protein with mitochondria as a mechanism for mitochondrial damage in reye's syndrome. the amino-terminal 22 amino acids of the pb2 protein of influenza a interact with mitochondria alone (5 micrograms/mg ... | 1993 | 8215446 |
| translational control by influenza virus. selective translation is mediated by sequences within the viral mrna 5'-untranslated region. | in cells infected by influenza virus type a, host cell protein synthesis declines rapidly and dramatically, while influenza viral protein synthesis occurs efficiently throughout infection. previously, we had shown that the selective translation of influenza viral mrnas in infected cells occurred in a cap-dependent manner and was due at least in part to structures inherent in the mrnas. using chimeras containing the noncoding and coding regions of cellular and viral mrnas, we can now report that ... | 1993 | 8226725 |