Publications

three groups of babesia canis distinguished and a proposal for nomenclature.	two stocks of large babesia from dogs originating in france, transmitted by dermacentor reticulatus, two from north africa, having rhipicephalus sanguineus as vector, and one from south africa, transmitted by haemaphysalis leachi, were compared in cross-immunity tests in dogs and in the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). the french and north african stocks did not immunise against the south african one, while the north african stocks did not protect against a french one. the south africa ...	1989	2655263
canine babesiosis in south africa: more than one disease. does this serve as a model for falciparum malaria?	south african canine babesiosis is caused by the virulent babesia canis rossi. in recent years, this common disease has been detected in 12% of dogs presented at the outpatients' division of the university of pretoria's (onderstepoort) veterinary academic hospital, and 31% of the affected dogs have been hospitalized as seriously ill. of these hospitalized cases, 50% had severe anaemia at presentation, 32% had moderate anaemia and 18% were non-anaemic (often polycythaemic), frequently with centra ...	1998	9683901
babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli, babesia canis rossi: differentiation of the three subspecies by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on amplified small subunit ribosomal rna genes.	the parasites babesia canis and babesia gibsoni (phylum apicomplexa) are responsible for canine babesiosis throughout the world. babesia canis was previously described as a group of three biologically different subspecies, namely b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli, and b. canis rossi. we report partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu-rdna) of each subspecies amplified in vitro with primers derived from a semi-conserved region of the ssu-rdna genes in other babesia species. the po ...	1999	10377990
characterization and molecular cloning of an adenosine kinase from babesia canis rossi.	in the search for immunoprotective antigens of the intraerythrocytic babesia canis rossi parasite, a new cdna was cloned and sequenced. protein sequence database searches suggested that the 41-kda protein belongs to the phosphofructokinase b type family (pfk-b). however, because of the low level sequence identity (< 20%) of the protein both with adenosine and sugar kinases from this family, its structural and functional features were further investigated using molecular modelling and enzymatic a ...	1999	10518797
vaccination of dogs against heterologous babesia canis infection using antigens from culture supernatants.	soluble parasite antigens (spa) from european babesia canis can be used to protect dogs against a homologous but not heterologous challenge infection. in this study it is shown that when dogs are vaccinated with a mixture of spa from both, a european b. canis isolate and a south african babesia rossi isolate, protective immunity against heterologous b. canis infection is induced. three groups of five beagle dogs each were vaccinated twice with graded doses of spa derived from in vitro cultures o ...	2001	11522408
the mixed acid-base disturbances of severe canine babesiosis.	thirty-four dogs suffering from severe babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi were included in this study to evaluate acid-base imbalances with the quantitative clinical approach proposed by stewart. all but 3 dogs were severely anemic (hematocrit <12%). arterial ph varied from severe acidemia to alkalemia. most animals (31 of 34; 91%) had inappropriate hypocapnia with the partial pressure of co2 < 10 mm hg in 12 of 34 dogs (35%). all dogs had a negative base excess (be; mean of - 16.5 meq/l) ...	2001	11596731
nitric oxide metabolites in naturally occurring canine babesiosis.	babesiosis, caused by the virulent haemoprotozoan parasite babesia canis rossi, is an important disease of dogs in south africa. the nitric oxide metabolites, nitrate and nitrite (collectively termed reactive nitrogen intermediates or rnis) were measured in admission sera from dogs in a babesiosis-endemic area. five groups were prospectively studied: mild uncomplicated (n=9), severe uncomplicated (severe anaemia) (n=10) and complicated babesiosis (n=11); and two groups of healthy aparasitaemic d ...	2002	11779653
confirmation of occurrence of babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs in south africa.	the prevalence of babesia infections in domestic dogs in south africa was studied using reverse line blot hybridization and 18s sequence analysis. babesia canis vogeli was confirmed for the first time in domestic dogs in south africa. out of a total of 297 blood samples collected from domestic dogs in bloemfontein, east london, johannesburg, durban and from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital, 31 were positive for babesia canis rossi, whereas b. c. vogeli was detected in 13 dogs. none ...	2004	15177716
prevalence and risk factors of hypoglycemia in virulent canine babesiosis.	hypoglycemia is a common complication of virulent canine babesiosis. a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and potential risk factors for hypoglycemia in canine babesiosis from babesia canis rossi. plasma glucose concentration was measured at presentation in 250 dogs with babesiosis, of which 111 were admitted to hospital. the prevalence of hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dl) was 9% (23/250). twenty-two hypoglycemic dogs required admission, making the prevalence of hypoglycemia in admitted d ...	2004	15188810
detection of babesia canis rossi, b. canis vogeli, and hepatozoon canis in dogs in a village of eastern sudan by using a screening pcr and sequencing methodologies.	babesia and hepatozoon infections of dogs in a village of eastern sudan were analyzed by using a single pcr and sequencing. among 78 dogs, 5 were infected with babesia canis rossi and 2 others were infected with b. canis vogeli. thirty-three dogs were positive for hepatozoon. hepatozoon canis was detected by sequence analysis.	2005	16275954
the south african form of severe and complicated canine babesiosis: clinical advances 1994-2004.	babesia (canis) rossi infection is common in dogs in south africa, and frequently causes severe, life-threatening disease. acidemia, persistent hyperlactatemia, hemoconcentration, elevated creatinine, cerebral babesiosis, pulmonary edema and pancreatitis are all associated with mortality rates above 30%, compared with overall mortality of 12% in admitted cases. although half the admitted cases are severely anemic, hemoconcentration is associated with far higher mortality. cerebral babesiosis is ...	2006	16503090
capillary and venous babesia canis rossi parasitaemias and their association with outcome of infection and circulatory compromise.	this observational study of 100 dogs naturally infected with babesia canis rossi determined whether severity of parasitaemia was associated with outcome of infection and documented the relative distribution of parasitised red blood cells (prbc) in capillary and venous circulation. the association between increased parasitaemias and outcome with a clinically compromised circulation was also investigated. outcome was defined as either hospitalisation with death, or hospitalisation with eventual re ...	2006	16806713
new data on epizootiology and genetics of piroplasms based on sequences of small ribosomal subunit and cytochrome b genes.	as a continuation of our studies on molecular epizootiology of piroplasmosis in spain and other countries, we present in this contribution the finding of new hosts for some piroplasms, as well as information on their 18s rrna gene sequences. genetic data were complemented with sequences of apocytochrome b gene (whenever possible). the following conclusions were drawn from these molecular studies: theileria annulata is capable of infecting dogs, since it was diagnosed in a symptomatic animal. acc ...	2006	16919391
immunity against babesia rossi infection in dogs vaccinated with antigens from culture supernatants.	soluble parasite antigens (spa) from different babesia species have been shown earlier to induce protective immunity when used as vaccine. however, initial attempts to produce such vaccine against babesia rossi infection using spa from b. rossi culture supernatants were not or only partially successful. here we show that when dogs were vaccinated with a vaccine comprising spa from b. rossi combined with spa from babesia canis protective immunity against experimental challenge infection was induc ...	2007	17056181
endocrine predictors of mortality in canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi.	this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was designed to determine the association between the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid axes and outcome in dogs with naturally occurring babesia canis rossi babesiosis. ninety-five dogs with canine babesiosis were studied and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment at admission to hospital. serum cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), thyroxine, free thyroxine and thyrot ...	2007	17614201
first evidence of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) in dogs in western europe.	canine babesiosis in europe is generally caused by babesia canis canis and babesia canis rossi. here we describe the first two autochthonous cases of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) infection in germany. two american pit bull terriers showed clinical and hematologic signs consistent with babesiosis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of the 18s rdna of blood samples revealed 486 bp fragments. the sequences were 100% identical to each other and 100% identical to babesia gibsoni (asian geno ...	2007	17627433
a field trial evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of amitraz-impregnated collars against canine babesiosis (babesia canis rossi) in south africa.	south african canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi is a common clinical disease in dogs in south africa and remains a significant cause of domestic dog mortality. to determine whether tick-repellent, 9% amitraz-impregnated tick collars (preventic-virbac) could prevent tick-borne exposure to b. canis rossi, 50 dogs were assigned to two groups. group 1 (20 dogs), polymerase chain reaction (pcr)--and reverse line blot (rlb)-negative for b. canis rossi, were fitted with amitraz collars an ...	2007	17941596
plasma insulin concentrations in hypoglycaemic dogs with babesia canis rossi infection.	hypoglycaemia has been identified as a life-threatening metabolic complication in almost 20% of severely ill dogs suffering from babesiosis due to babesia canis rossi infection, and has been correlated with mortality. hyperinsulinaemia as a result of inappropriate insulin secretion may precipitate hypoglycaemia, and has been suggested as a possible cause of hypoglycaemia in human and murine malaria. this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, including 94 dogs with naturally occurrin ...	2008	18164550
assessment of primers designed for the subspecies-specific discrimination among babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi by pcr assay.	canine babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by either babesia gibsoni or babesia canis protozoans. the latter is also classified under three different phylogenetic groups, referred to as subspecies b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli and b. canis rossi. the objective of the present study was to validate and standardize a pcr assay to discriminate the organisms at the subspecies level. first, the reference sequences of the 18s rrna, 5.8s rrna and 28s rrna genes, including the internal transcrib ...	2008	18242863
adrenal response to the low dose acth stimulation test and the cortisol-to-adrenocorticotrophic hormone ratio in canine babesiosis.	this prospective, interventional, case-controlled study sought to determine the association between adrenocortical function and mortality in dogs with naturally occurring babesia rossi babesiosis. sixty-eight dogs with canine babesiosis were studied and fifteen normal dogs were used as controls. blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment, at admission to hospital, for the measurement of basal plasma acth (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) and serum cortisol conc ...	2008	18468798
molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in south africa.	a total of 1,138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000-2006) from domestic dogs in south africa. specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital (ovah) in pretoria, the society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (johannesburg, durban, east london and bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (gauteng, mpumalanga, kwazulu-natal and western cape). all specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon an ...	2008	18502588
the response of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroidal axes to the plasma glucose perturbations in babesia canis rossi babesiosis.	this prospective, cross-sectional, interventional study was designed to determine the association between the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid axes and other clinical parameters with the blood glucose perturbations in dogs with naturally occurring babesia canis rossi babesiosis. thirty-six dogs with canine babesiosis were studied. blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment at admission to hospital and serum endogenous adrenocorticotrop ...	2007	18507221
molecular detection of babesia rossi and hepatozoon sp. in african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in south africa.	blood specimens from wild dogs (n=301) were obtained from de wildt cheetah and wildlife centre (pretoria) and five game reserves (4 in the north-west province and 1 in limpopo province), south africa. specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon and ehrlichia/anaplasma species using pcr and reverse line blot (rlb) assays. positive results were obtained in 18 (6%) wild dogs. sixteen specimens were found positive for babesia rossi and two dogs were hepatozoon sp. positive. it appears ...	2008	18752897
first molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in two naturally infected dogs of buenos aires, argentina.	large piroplasms (>2.5microm) were detected by direct microscopical investigation in 34 out of 16,767 (0.20%) canine blood smears in the southern region of greater buenos aires. genomic dna was extracted from two parasitemic dogs and the hypervariable 18s rna gene region of the pathogen was specifically amplified, sequenced, and aligned with corresponding gene sequences available in the genbank. phylogenetic trees were constructed and compared. 18s rna gene sequences reliably segregated in three ...	2008	18786765
the scintigraphic evaluation of the pulmonary perfusion pattern of dogs hospitalised with babesiosis.	the possibility of coagulopathy in babesia canis rossi infections in the canine patient has been suggested in the literature, but minimal work has been done to evaluate the clinicopathological nature of it in further detail. pulmonary thromboembolism (pte) has not yet been implicated in canine babesiosis (cb), but may also be one of the causes of the sudden dyspnoea and tachypnoea that are frequently seen in complicated cb patients. the objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the s ...	2008	18846852
a prospective, randomized comparison of oxyglobin (hb-200) and packed red blood cell transfusion for canine babesiosis.	to establish the efficacy of oxyglobin (hb-200) in canine babesiosis and compare it to standard therapy, packed red blood cell transfusion (prbct) with respect to improvements in specific parameters of blood gas, acid-base, blood pressure, and subjective evaluations.	2009	19691591
preliminary evaluation of the brema1 gene as a tool for associating babesia rossi genotypes and clinical manifestation of canine babesiosis.	babesia rossi, an intraerythrocytic protozoan, causes a severe, often life-threatening disease of domestic dogs. dogs treated early for b. rossi infection usually recover from the disease, but dogs left untreated or treated at a later stage of infection seldom survive. dogs infected with b. rossi have varied clinical manifestations that can be categorized as uncomplicated (with a good prognosis) or complicated (with a poor prognosis). one hundred twenty-one blood samples were collected from dogs ...	2009	19741079
comparison of babesia rossi and babesia canis isolates with emphasis on effects of vaccination with soluble parasite antigens: a review.	babesia canis and b. rossi are large babesia species that infect dogs and cause clinical disease. the spectrum of disease is highly diverse with either parasite, but upon evaluation of field cases it has been suggested that in general b. rossi is more virulent than b. canis. this difference was also found in experimental infections using b. canis and b. rossi isolates and appeared to be related to a difference in parasitaemia. whether this difference reflects the essential difference between b. ...	2009	19831266
c-reactive protein in canine babesiosis caused by babesia rossi and its association with outcome.	c-reactive protein (crp) is a positive major acute-phase protein in dogs and can be used as a predictive marker for risk of disease and to monitor the response to treatment. increased concentrations in certain diseases are associated with poor outcome. this cross-sectional, observational study of 75 dogs naturally infected with babesia rossi was designed to examine the relationship between outcome and crp concentration at admission and the magnitude of crp change 24 hours after admission. diagno ...	2009	19831269
canine babesiosis.	babesiosis is a tick-borne disease affecting humans and many domestic and wild animals. domestic animals showing appreciable morbidity and mortality include dogs, cats, cattle and horses. both canine and feline babesiosis are diseases characterised by haemolytic anaemia, icterus and haemoglobinuria. canine babesiosis can range from chronic or subclinical to peracute and fatal, depending on the virulence of the species and the susceptibility of the host. this paper deals with canine babesiosis wi ...	2009	19967929
a pcr study of piroplasms in 166 dogs and 111 horses in france (march 2006 to march 2008).	positive pcr results for piroplasms were obtained on edta blood samples from 166 dogs and 111 horses between march 2006 and march 2008. the organisms were initially identified using common primers, followed by restriction enzyme profiles to determine the species and types of babesia/theileria. in 27 dogs and eight horses with positive results, the size of the specimen was insufficient to separate species/types. we identified babesia canis canis in 105 of the 166 dogs (63%) and theileria equi in ...	2010	20221639
babesia canis and babesia rossi co-infection in an untraveled nigerian dog.	a sexually intact 6-month-old female alsatian dog was presented to the veterinary clinic of the national veterinary research institute, vom, plateau state, nigeria, for the following complaints: anorexia, hemoglobinuria, fever, tick infestation and general malaise. microscopy revealed piroplasms with a wide range of sizes (1-5 μm in length) in red blood cells, raising a suspicion of a co-infection with two or more babesia species. specific pcr assays for canine babesia spp. and dna sequencing re ...	2010	20705395
why is southern african canine babesiosis so virulent? an evolutionary perspective.	abstract: canine babesiosis is a common, highly virulent disease in southern africa with even pups and juveniles being severely affected. this contrasts with bovine babesiosis, for example, where host, parasite and vector co-evolved and young animals develop immunity after infection without showing clinical signs. babesia rossi, the main causative organism of canine babesiosis in sub-saharan africa, was first described from a side-striped jackal (canis adustus) in kenya. although data are meagre ...	2011	21489239
babesiosis in dogs and cats-expanding parasitological and clinical spectra.	canine babesiosis caused by different babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. historically, babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. all large forms of babesia were designated babesia canis, whereas all small forms of babesia were considered to be babesia gibsoni. however, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other babesia species such as ba ...	2011	21571435
babesia canis rossi infection in a texas dog.	a 5-month-old intact male boerboel dog, imported from south africa 1 week previously, was presented to a texas veterinarian for lethargy, anorexia, and labored breathing. the dog was febrile, anemic, leukopenic, thrombocytopenic, and slightly azotemic. results of the idexx snap-4dx enzyme immunoassay were negative for dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. an edta blood sample analyzed at oklahoma state university ...	2011	21790699
phylogenetic characterization of babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of goiás, brazil.	the genus babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. dogs are commonly affected by babesia canis or babesia gibsoni. babesia canis is divided into the subspecies babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi. among these, babesia canis vogeli predominates in brazil. the objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on babesia isolates from dogs in goiânia, goiás. blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs sugg ...	2011	22166380
serial haematology results in transfused and non-transfused dogs naturally infected with babesia rossi.	this prospective longitudinal study investigated the progression of haematological changes in 32 transfused and 54 non-transfused dogs naturally infected with babesia rossi over the 1st 6 days following diagnosis and treatment. the effect of patient age on the results of complete blood counts was determined. haematology data were analysed at presentation and at 24 hours, 3 days and 6 days after presentation. dogs were treated with diminazene aceturate at diagnosis and a blood transfusion was giv ...	2011	22332296
strong monovalent electrolyte imbalances in serum of dogs infected with babesia canis.	canine babesiosis is a systemic tick-borne protozoan disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus babesia. acid-base disorders and ion imbalances have been described in dogs infected with babesia rossi in south africa. in this paper, the authors describe changes to monovalent ion concentrations and calculated parameters of monovalent ions in 70 dogs naturally infected with b. canis, a species occurring in europe. hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hyperchloraemia, decrease of chloride gap, ...	2012	22463923
assessment of renal dysfunction using urinary markers in canine babesiosis caused by babesia rossi.	renal damage is deemed a common, yet poorly documented, complication in canine babesiosis. serum urea and creatinine are insensitive and non-specific markers of early renal dysfunction and their measurements are influenced by hemolysis caused by babesiosis. therefore, the aim of this study was to use urinary markers to assess the localization and degree of renal dysfunction in dogs with babesia rossi infection. urinary immunoglobulin g (uigg) and urinary c-reactive protein (ucrp) were measured a ...	2012	22884913
mortality in virulent canine babesiosis is associated with a consumptive coagulopathy.	the inflammatory response to infection can activate the coagulation system via complex interactions. if uncontrolled, this may lead to a consumptive coagulopathy, a major risk factor for a poor clinical outcome. this prospective observational study was conducted to determine whether consumptive coagulopathy in dogs with babesia rossi infection is related to mortality. seventy-two client-owned dogs diagnosed with canine babesiosis were included. diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reactio ...	2013	23098634
hemostatic abnormalities in uncomplicated babesiosis (babesia rossi) in dogs.	babesiosis in dogs is associated with severe thrombocytopenia; yet infected dogs rarely show clinical signs of hemorrhage.	2016	23194149
molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from nigeria.	only limited information is currently available on the prevalence of vector borne and zoonotic pathogens in dogs and ticks in nigeria. the aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to detect and characterize vector borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from nigeria.	2013	23505591
occurrence of tick-transmitted pathogens in dogs in jos, plateau state, nigeria.	canine babesiosis caused by babesia rossi, transmitted by haemaphysalis elliptica in south africa, has also been reported from nigeria. although h. leachi (sensu lato) is widespread in sub-saharan africa, published literature on the occurrence of canine babesiosis is meagre. it has been postulated that the genotype of babesia rossi erythrocyte membrane antigen 1 (brema1) may be linked to virulence of the specific isolate. the primary objective of this study was to detect and characterise tick-bo ...	2014	24661795
optimization of a molecular method for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis.	babesiosis is a hemolytic disease caused by protozoans of the genus babesia (apicomplexa). this disease occurs worldwide and is transmitted by ticks to a variety of mammals, including humans. the objective of the present study was to optimize a molecular approach for the detection of a fragment of 18s rdna of babesia canis, babesia vogeli, babesia rossi or babesia gibsoni based on a single semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and compare the efficiency of this approach with that of a sim ...	2014	24728371
low t3 syndrome in canine babesiosis associated with increased serum il-6 concentration and azotaemia.	low triiodothyronine (t3) syndrome, also named euthyroid sick syndrome or non-thyroidal illness syndrome, has been recognized in canine babesiosis caused by babesia rossi, where it manifested by lowering of the serum thyrotropin (tsh), total thyroxin (tt4) and free thyroxin (ft4) concentrations. this syndrome has also been observed in critical diseases in humans and animals, and the severity of the disease is considered an important factor in lowering of thyroid hormone concentrations. interleuk ...	2015	25976636
infection and exposure to vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and their ticks, uganda.	in rural parts of africa, dogs live in close association with humans and livestock, roam freely, and usually do not receive prophylactic measures. thus, they are a source of infectious disease for humans and for wildlife such as protected carnivores. in 2011, an epidemiological study was carried out around three conservation areas in uganda to detect the presence and determine the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and associated ticks to evaluate the risk that these pathogens po ...	2015	26043771
platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in dogs naturally infected with babesia rossi.	using flow cytometry, platelet-leukocyte aggregate (pla) formation has previously been documented in dogs with a variety of systemic inflammatory disorders and immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. platelet activation and subsequent interaction between platelets and leukocytes are important for regulating innate immunity and systemic inflammation. the objective of this study was to investigate pla formation in canine babesiosis and to determine whether it was associated with outcome. blood was col ...	2015	26088270
serum canine pancreatic-specific lipase concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring babesia rossi infection.	babesia rossi is the cause of a highly virulent multisystemic disease with a variable outcome, which is a reliable model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs). the objective of this study was to determine the concentration of canine pancreatic-specific lipase (cpl) in a population of dogs with naturally acquired b. rossi infection. in addition, the associations between serum cpl and death and sirs status were examined. an observational study recruited 87 dogs diagnosed with b. rossi ...	2015	26304138
platelet indices in dogs with babesia rossi infection.	thrombocytopenia without clinical bleeding is a consistent finding in virulent canine babesiosis.	2015	26613563
a study of naturally acquired canine babesiosis caused by single and mixed babesia species in zambia: clinicopathological findings and case management.	a retrospective and prospective analysis of clinical records of dogs diagnosed with babesia infections was carried out for the years 2000 to 2013 from practices in lusaka, zambia. records of 363 dogs with confirmed babesia infections were analysed using demographic factors including sex, breed, age, and clinical signs in relation to haematological findings and babesia species. the clinical and laboratory findings observed are described as well as babesia species identification. the study include ...	2015	26682062
excessive pro-inflammatory serum cytokine concentrations in virulent canine babesiosis.	babesia rossi infection causes a severe inflammatory response in the dog, which is the result of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. the aim of this study was to determine whether changes in cytokine concentrations were present in dogs with babesiosis and whether it was associated with disease outcome. ninety-seven dogs naturally infected with b. rossi were studied and fifteen healthy dogs were included as controls. diagnosis of babesiosis was confirmed by polymera ...	2016	26953797
prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in dogs from haiti.	canine vector-borne pathogens are common on some caribbean islands, but survey data in haiti are lacking. to determine the prevalence of selected vector-borne pathogens in dogs from haiti, we tested blood samples collected from 210 owned dogs, 28 (13.3%) of which were infested with rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks at the time of blood collection. no other tick species were identified on these dogs. a commercially available elisa identified antibodies to ehrlichia spp. in 69 (32.9%), antibodies to ...	2016	27270383
confirmation of occurrence of <i>babesia vogeli</i> in a dog in windhoek, central namibia.	although there is evidence of high seroprevalence of antibodies to babesia spp. in dogs in central namibia, clinical babesiosis is rarely diagnosed. rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, the vector of babesia vogeli, is common in namibia while haemaphysalis elliptica, the vector of the highly virulent but morphologically indistinguishable babesia rossi, has rarely been recorded, mainly in northern namibia. on the basis of vector occurrence, clinical cases of canine babesiosis in windhoek, central ...	2016	27796110
mitochondrial genome sequences and structures aid in the resolution of piroplasmida phylogeny.	the taxonomy of the order piroplasmida, which includes a number of clinically and economically relevant organisms, is a hotly debated topic amongst parasitologists. three genera (babesia, theileria, and cytauxzoon) are recognized based on parasite life cycle characteristics, but molecular phylogenetic analyses of 18s sequences have suggested the presence of five or more distinct piroplasmida lineages. despite these important advancements, a few studies have been unable to define the taxonomic re ...	2016	27832128
genetic diversity among babesia rossi detected in naturally infected dogs in abeokuta, nigeria, based on 18s rrna gene sequences.	adequate knowledge of the genetic diversity among babesia species infecting dogs is necessary for a better understanding of the epidemiology and control of canine babesiosis. hence, this study determined the genetic diversity among the babesia rossi detected in dogs presented for routine examination in veterinary hospitals in abeokuta, nigeria. blood were randomly collected from 209 dogs. field-stained thin smears were made and dna extracted from the blood. partial region of the 18s small subuni ...	2017	28030336
black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) are natural hosts of babesia rossi, the virulent causative agent of canine babesiosis in sub-saharan africa.	babesia rossi, which is transmitted by haemaphysalis spp. and is highly virulent to domestic dogs, occurs only in sub-saharan africa. since dogs are not native to the region, it has been postulated that the natural host of b. rossi is an indigenous african canid. although various attempts at artificial infection indicated that black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) could become subclinically infected with b. rossi, data on occurrence of b. rossi in free-ranging jackals was lacking. a long-term b ...	2017	28285591
a flow cytometric assessment of the lymphocyte immunophenotypes in dogs naturally infected with babesia rossi.	immunity to babesia infection requires both innate and acquired responses, including cell mediated- and humoral responses. the aims of this study were to investigate the variation in selected peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes in dogs with virulent babesiosis at presentation and over time after treatment, and to determine whether these were correlated with the severity of clinical signs. forty-four dogs naturally infected with b. rossi were studied and 5 healthy dogs were included as control ...	2017	28579026
a new pcr assay for the detection and differentiation of babesia canis and babesia vogeli.	babesia spp. are globally distributed tick-borne protozoan parasites that infect the red blood cells of a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. diagnosis of babesiosis is often impeded by the transient presence of the parasites in peripheral blood, as well as by their pleomorphic nature. given the reports of an expanding and, in some cases, sympatric geographical distribution of babesia canis and babesia vogeli in dogs and associated vectors, in europe, the development of time-effici ...	2017	28739301