Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| purification and biochemical characterization of squirrel monkey retrovirus-h produced in a human lymphoblastoid cell line. | we found a type d retrovirus in a human lymphoblastoid cell line of b-cell lineage. molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the provirus genome revealed that this virus was closely related to squirrel monkey retrovirus (smrv), and we designated this virus as smrv-h. to investigate the relationship between these retroviruses, smrv-h was purified from the virus-producing cells, and its biochemical properties were characterized. the cell-adhesive virus particles were successfully separated f ... | 1992 | 1282848 |
| reticuloendotheliosis type c and primate type d oncoretroviruses are members of the same receptor interference group. | the reticuloendotheliosis viruses (revs), originally isolated from avian species, constitute a group of retroviruses which are more closely related to mammalian retroviruses than to other avian retroviruses. the envelope glycoproteins of members of the rev group display a striking amino acid sequence identity with a group of primate oncoretroviruses which belong to a single receptor interference group and include all of the type d and some type c primate oncoretroviruses. members of the rev grou ... | 1992 | 1316460 |
| identification of a generalised packaging sequence for d-type retroviruses and generation of a d-type retroviral vector. | in order to construct vectors based upon d-type, rather than c-type, retroviruses, we have identified a 624-bp fragment of mason-pfizer monkey virus (mpmv) which constitutes a packaging sequence for at least two d-type retroviruses. when this fragment was included in an extensively deleted d-type vector genome, the d-type viruses mpmv and srv-5, but not the c-type viruses mlv-a or mlv-e, rescued the vector rna from hela cells. the recombinant virus stocks have the host range of the rescuing d-ty ... | 1992 | 1322603 |
| a single amino acid substitution within the matrix protein of a type d retrovirus converts its morphogenesis to that of a type c retrovirus. | two different morphogenic processes of retroviral capsid assembly have been observed: the capsid is either assembled at the plasma membrane during the budding process (type c), or preassembled within the cytoplasm (types b and d). we describe here a gag mutant of mason-pfizer monkey virus, a type d retrovirus, in which a tryptophan substituted for an arginine in the matrix protein results in efficient assembly of capsids at the plasma membrane through a morphogenic process similar to that of typ ... | 1990 | 2170021 |
| retrovirus-like particles released from the human breast cancer cell line t47-d display type b- and c-related endogenous retroviral sequences. | the human mammary carcinoma cell line t47-d releases retrovirus-like particles of type b morphology in a steroid-dependent manner (i. keydar, t. ohno, r. nayak, r. sweet, f. simoni, f. weiss, s. karby, r. mesa-tejada, and s. spiegelman, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 81:4188-4192, 1984). furthermore, reverse transcriptase (rt) activity is found to be associated with particle preparations. using a set of degenerate primers derived from a conserved region of retroviral pol genes, we repeatedly amplifi ... | 1995 | 7545247 |
| epithelial tumour cells in the lungs of sheep with pulmonary adenomatosis are major sites of replication for jaagsiekte retrovirus. | sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa) is a naturally occurring contagious lung tumour of sheep which has been associated aetiologically with a type d- and b-related retrovirus (jaagsiekte retrovirus; jsrv). to improve understanding of the aetio-pathogenesis of spa, the distribution and the sites of jsrv replication in sheep with naturally or experimentally induced spa or in unaffected controls were identified. new immunological reagents were produced and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ... | 1995 | 7595380 |
| transmissible retrovirus in epstein-barr virus-producer b95-8 cells. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) released from the b95-8 marmoset cell line has served as a prototype for biologic and biochemical studies of ebv. here we identify and characterize a retrovirus carried by many cultures of b95-8 cells. the experiments were stimulated by the isolation of a cdna clone from b95-8 cells in which sequences from the ebv large internal repeat were linked to gag sequences similar to those of squirrel monkey retrovirus, human isolate, smrv-h. however, among 413 amino acids predic ... | 1995 | 7778272 |
| phosphorothioate oligonucleotides inhibit the replication of lentiviruses and type d retroviruses, but not that of type c retroviruses. | phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides at a concentration of 2 microm protected himalayan tahr cells from infection by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) and equine dermis cells from infection by equine infectious anemia virus (eiav). the characteristics of this inhibition against these lentiviruses are similar to those previously described for the inhibition of hiv-1 in ath8 cells [17]. thus, the 28-mer homo-oligomer of cytidine [s-(dc)28] was at least as effective as three ... | 1994 | 7826217 |
| identification of human type d retrovirus as a contaminant in a neuroblastoma cell line. | in this report we describe a type d virus isolated from a human neuroblastoma cell line (paju). the viral rna was isolated, partially molecularly cloned and sequenced. our clones were shown to be identical to a human d-type retrovirus previously isolated from a human lymphoblastoid cell line. however, we obtained no evidence for the virus in earlier passage of the paju cell line and therefore we must consider this isolate a laboratory contamination. contamination. | 1993 | 8385922 |
| distribution of endogenous type b and type d sheep retrovirus sequences in ungulates and other mammals. | the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv), which appears to be a type b/d retrovirus chimera, has been incriminated as the cause of ovine pulmonary carcinoma. recent studies suggest that the sequences related to this virus are found in the genomes of normal sheep and goats. to learn whether there are breeds of sheep that lack the endogenous viral sequences and to study their distribution among other groups of mammals, we surveyed several domestic sheep and goat breeds, other ungulates, and various ... | 1996 | 8622932 |
| the exogenous form of jaagsiekte retrovirus is specifically associated with a contagious lung cancer of sheep. | sheep pulmonary adenomatosis ([spa] ovine pulmonary carcinoma) is a transmissible lung cancer of sheep that has been associated etiologically with a type d- and b-related retrovirus (jaagsiekte retrovirus (jsrv]). to date it has been impossible to cultivate jsrv in vitro and therefore to demonstrate the etiology of spa by a classical approach. in addition, the presence of 15 to 20 copies of endogenous jsrv-related sequences (enjsrv) has hampered studies at the molecular level. the aim of this st ... | 1996 | 8627682 |
| endogenous d-type (herv-k) related sequences are packaged into retroviral particles in the placenta and possess open reading frames for reverse transcriptase. | all primates studied to date produce retroviral-like particles in their placentae. we have purified these particles from two primate species, one old world (human) and one new world (marmoset), and have identified the retroviral sequences which are packaged into these particles. three families of sequences have been detected in these particles in human, all of which have the highest homology to b- and d-type retroviruses and to the human endogenous retrovirus herv-k10. previous studies have repo ... | 1996 | 8806530 |
| pcr-based detection and partial characterization of a retrovirus associated with contagious intranasal tumors of sheep and goats. | a type d-related retrovirus has been demonstrated in enzootic nasal tumors (ents) of sheep and goats. this retrovirus, ent virus (entv), has antigenic cross-reactivity with the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv), which is associated with a contagious lung tumor of sheep (sheep pulmonary adenomatosis). here, we present the first report of nucleic acid sequence from entv which confirms, at the nucleic acid level, that this retrovirus is related to jsrv yet apparently distinct from it. reverse tran ... | 1996 | 8892877 |
| jaagsiekte retrovirus establishes a disseminated infection of the lymphoid tissues of sheep affected by pulmonary adenomatosis. | jaagsiekte retrovirus (jsrv) is an exogenous type d-related retrovirus specifically associated with a contagious lung cancer of sheep (sheep pulmonary adenomatosis; spa). recently, epithelial tumour cells in the lungs of spa-affected sheep were identified as major sites of jsrv replication by immunological techniques and rt-pcr amplification of part of jsrv gag. jsrv was not detected outside the lungs and their draining lymph nodes. however, low levels of jsrv expression in non-respiratory tissu ... | 1996 | 9000089 |
| characterization of enzootic nasal tumor virus capsid antigen. | the rt-pcr was carried out on tumor tissue from sheep with enzootic nasal tumor (ent), using primers designed from conserved amino acid regions of related type d retroviruses. a 591 bp pcr fragment, corresponding to 90% of the capsid antigen was cloned, sequenced and expressed in e. coli. alignment with ovine pulmonary carcinoma (opc) virus showed 93% nucleotide and 96% amino acid homology. no amplification occurred when dna from ovine fetal cell line was used as template. the recombinant protei ... | 1996 | 9008337 |
| siv hunt leads to baboon virus discovery. | 1997 | 9157548 | |
| a cellular cofactor for the constitutive transport element of type d retrovirus. | a human nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the constitutive transport element (cte) of simian retrovirus was identified as adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent rna helicase a. this protein could bind to functional cte but not to inactive cte mutants. the interaction of helicase a with cte was distinct from previously described helicase activity of this protein. helicase a shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the presence of a transcription inhibitor or in cells transiently ... | 1997 | 9162007 |
| sheep pulmonary adenomatosis: a unique model of retrovirus-associated lung cancer. | sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa) is a contagious bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma of sheep associated with an exogenous type d/b retrovirus known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv). spa represents a unique model for lung cancer, and studies on its aetiopathogenesis can provide further insight into the mechanisms of epithelial neoplasms. | 1997 | 9447659 |
| seroprevalence of specific viral infections in confiscated orangutans (pongo pygmaeus). | a serological survey of confiscated orangutans was conducted to determine the prevalence of specific viral infections cross reacting with human viruses. antibodies specific for human hepatitis a (hav) and b (hbv) viruses, herpes simplex viruses (hsv), and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv types i and ii), as well as for the simian type d retroviruses (srv types 1 to 3) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were tested in samples from 143 orangutans. results revealed a high prevalence of potenti ... | 1998 | 9606041 |
| lack of a specific immune response against a recombinant capsid protein of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in sheep and goats naturally affected by enzootic nasal tumour or sheep pulmonary adenomatosis. | enzootic nasal tumour (ent) and sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa) are two contagious adenocarcinomas of the respiratory tract of sheep and goats. both diseases are associated with related, but distinct, type-d-retroviruses (entv and jsrv respectively). no evidence of circulating antibodies has been described in animals affected by either ent or spa using antigens from natural sources. we evaluated the usefulness of a recombinant jsrv capsid protein (jsrv-ca) as antigen to study the antibody res ... | 1998 | 9613437 |
| isolated leptomeningeal castleman's disease with viral particles in the follicular dendritic cells. | to our knowledge, five cases of castleman's disease involving only the central nervous system have been reported previously. we report a sixth case, which occurred in a 47-year-old woman with a 3-month history of headaches and a large superior frontal lobe mass on neuroimaging. excisional biopsy revealed confluent lymphoid nodular areas with multiple well-developed germinal centers surrounded by concentrically layered proliferations of small b lymphocytes typical of castleman's disease. ultrastr ... | 1998 | 9822134 |
| complete sequence of enzootic nasal tumor virus, a retrovirus associated with transmissible intranasal tumors of sheep. | the sequence of the complete genome of ovine enzootic nasal tumor virus, an exogenous retrovirus associated exclusively with contagious intranasal tumors of sheep, was determined. the genome is 7,434 nucleotides long and exhibits a genetic organization characteristic of type b and d oncoviruses. enzootic nasal tumor virus is closely related to the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and to sheep endogenous retroviruses. | 1999 | 10196294 |
| jaagsiekte retrovirus is widely distributed both in t and b lymphocytes and in mononuclear phagocytes of sheep with naturally and experimentally acquired pulmonary adenomatosis. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) is a type d retrovirus specifically associated with a contagious lung tumor of sheep, sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa). jsrv replicates actively in the transformed epithelial cells of the lung, and jsrv dna and rna have been detected in lymphoid tissues of naturally affected animals. to determine the lymphoid target cells of jsrv, cd4(+) t cells, cd8(+) t cells, b lymphocytes, and adherent cell (macrophage/monocyte) populations were isolated from the mediasti ... | 1999 | 10196296 |
| novel endogenous type d retroviral particles expressed at high levels in a scid mouse thymic lymphoma. | a xenograft model of the human disease langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch) was investigated with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice. transplantation of human lch biopsy material into scid mice resulted in the generation of mouse tumors resembling lymphomas. a thymoma cell line (thye1m6) was generated from one of these mice and found to display significant levels of mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity. electron microscopy revealed particles with type d retroviral morphology bu ... | 1999 | 10233925 |
| improved mg2+-based reverse transcriptase assay for detection of primate retroviruses. | the reverse transcriptase (rt) assay is a simple, relatively inexpensive, widely used assay that can detect all retroviruses (known and novel retroviruses as well as infectious and defective retroviruses) on the basis of the divalent cation requirement of their rt enzyme, i.e., mg2+ or mn2+. descriptions of various rt assays have been published; however, they cannot be directly applied to the analysis of biological products or clinical samples without further standardization to determine the low ... | 1999 | 10325311 |
| jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is necessary and sufficient to induce a contagious lung cancer in sheep. | sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa) is a contagious and experimentally transmissible lung cancer of sheep resembling human bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. a type d retrovirus, known as jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv), has been associated with the etiology of spa, but its exact role in the induction of the tumor has not been clear due to the lack of (i) a tissue culture system for the propagation of jsrv and (ii) an infectious jsrv molecular clone. to investigate the role of jsrv in the etiology ... | 1999 | 10400795 |
| identification of novel import and export signals of human tap, the protein that binds to the constitutive transport element of the type d retrovirus mrnas. | the nuclear export of the unspliced type d retrovirus mrna depends on the cis-acting constitutive transport rna element (cte) that has been shown to interact with the human tap (htap) protein promoting the export of the cte-containing mrnas. we report here that htap is a 619-amino-acid protein extending the previously identified protein by another 60 residues at the n terminus and that htap shares high homology with the predicted rat and mouse tap proteins. we found that htap is a nuclear protei ... | 1999 | 10454577 |
| in vitro infection of ovine cell lines by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. | sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa), also known as jaagsiekte or ovine pulmonary carcinoma, is a contagious lung cancer of sheep, originating from type ii pneumocytes and clara cells. previous studies have implicated a type d retrovirus (jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus [jsrv]) as the causative agent of spa. we recently isolated a proviral clone of jsrv from an animal with a spontaneous case of spa (jsrv(21)) and showed that it harbors an infectious and oncogenic virus. this demonstrated that jsrv is ... | 1999 | 10559321 |
| sheep pulmonary adenomatosis: characterization of two pathological forms associated with jaagsiekte retrovirus. | pathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the lungs of 10 sheep with lesions of "classical" sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa) and six sheep with "atypical" lung tumours. lung tumour samples and other tissues from the same 16 animals were tested for the presence of jaagsiekte retrovirus (jsrv) by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that amplified a portion of the u3 long terminal repeat. the differences in the gross appearance of the classical and atypical forms paralleled the ... | 2000 | 10627391 |
| porcine endogenous retroviral mrnas in pancreas and a panel of tissues from specific pathogen-free pigs. | pigs are potential providers of donor tissues for xenotransplantation (e.g. of pancreatic islets) in type 1 diabetes. in this context, our group has studied the use of islets from specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs as a means of reducing the risks of "conventional zoonosis". although this approach does not prevent the transmission of pig endogenous retrovirus (perv) to humans, we attempted to determine the presence of c-type perv mrnas for gag, pol, and env subtypes as a first descriptive step in ... | 1999 | 10633879 |
| an accessory open reading frame (orf-x) of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is conserved between different virus isolates. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) is the etiological agent of a contagious lung tumour of sheep known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (syn: ovine pulmonary carcinoma, jaagsiekte). jsrv exhibits a simple genetic organization, characteristic of the type d and type b retroviruses, with the canonical retroviral sequences gag, pro, pol and env encoding the structural proteins of the virion. an additional open reading frame (orf-x), of approximately 500 bp overlapping pol, is present in the only two ... | 2000 | 10653922 |
| the c-myc locus is a common integration site in type b retrovirus-induced t-cell lymphomas. | type b leukemogenic virus (tblv) induces rapidly appearing t-cell leukemias. tblv insertions near the c-myc gene were detectable in 2 of 30 tumors tested, whereas 80% of the tumors showed c-myc overexpression. tblv insertions on chromosome 15 (including a newly identified locus, pad7) may cause c-myc overexpression by cis-acting effects at a distance. | 2000 | 10666282 |
| role of matrix protein in the type d retrovirus replication cycle: importance of the arginine residue at position 55. | we previously reported that a mutant of mason-pfizer monkey virus (m-pmv), which has an amino acid substitution in the matrix (ma) protein at position 55, ma-r55w, showed altered viral morphogenesis, reduced glycoprotein incorporation, and loss of infectivity. in this report, we show that two additional amino acid substitutions at this site in ma, r55f and r55y, also result in similar altered morphogenesis, env incorporation, and infectivity, demonstrating that these changes are not specific for ... | 2000 | 10704360 |
| a novel shuttle protein binds to rna helicase a and activates the retroviral constitutive transport element. | the constitutive transport element (cte) of type d retroviruses mediates the nuclear export of unspliced viral transcripts. we previously showed that rna helicase a functionally interacts with cte and contains a bidirectional nuclear transport domain at the carboxyl terminus. here we report the identification of a novel human protein, helicase a-binding protein 95 (hap95), which specifically binds to the carboxyl terminus of rna helicase a. hap95 is partially homologous to akap95, a member of th ... | 2000 | 10748171 |
| retrovirus vectors bearing jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus env transduce human cells by using a new receptor localized to chromosome 3p21.3. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) is a type d retrovirus associated with a contagious lung tumor of sheep, ovine pulmonary carcinoma. other than sheep, jsrv is known to infect goats, but there is no evidence of human infection. until now it has not been possible to study the host range for jsrv because of the inability to grow this virus in culture. here we show that the jsrv envelope protein (env) can be used to pseudotype moloney murine leukemia virus (momlv)-based retrovirus vectors and that ... | 2000 | 10775607 |
| the long terminal repeat of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is preferentially active in differentiated epithelial cells of the lungs. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) is the etiologic agent of a contagious bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of sheep known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (spa; ovine pulmonary carcinoma). jsrv is unique among retroviruses because it transforms the alveolar type ii cells and the nonciliated bronchiolar cells (clara cells) of the lungs; these cells are where jsrv is specifically expressed in both naturally and experimentally spa-affected sheep. in this study, we investigated the cell specificity of js ... | 2000 | 10846056 |
| specific interaction between rna helicase a and tap, two cellular proteins that bind to the constitutive transport element of type d retrovirus. | constitutive transport element (cte) facilitates retroviral rna export by interacting with the cellular rna export machinery. two cellular proteins, rna helicase a (rha) and tip-associated protein (tap) were identified as binding to cte and were proposed to function as cte co-factors (1,2). here, we report that these two cte-binding proteins interact with each other in vitro and in vivo. the in vitro binding of rha to tap is direct and independent of either cte or the nuclear transport domain of ... | 2000 | 10924507 |
| sam68, rna helicase a and tap cooperate in the post-transcriptional regulation of human immunodeficiency virus and type d retroviral mrna. | unlike cellular mrna, retroviral mrna bypasses the tight coupling of the splicing and nuclear export steps to allow the export of intron-containing viral rna transcripts to the cytoplasm. two distinct nuclear export pathways for retroviral mrna have been described: a crm-1 dependent pathway mediated by the hiv-1 rev protein and the rev response element (rre), and a crm-1 independent pathway mediated by the constitutive transport element (cte) of type d retroviruses. two cte-binding proteins, rna ... | 2000 | 10951562 |
| conservation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 inner-domain sequences in lentivirus and type a and b retrovirus envelope surface glycoproteins. | we recently described a sequence similarity between the small ruminant lentivirus surface unit glycoprotein (su) gp135 and the second conserved region (c2) of the primate lentivirus gp120 which indicates a structural similarity between gp135 and the inner proximal domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 (i. hötzel and w. p. cheevers, virus res. 69:47-54, 2000). here we found that the seven-amino-acid sequence of the gp120 strand beta 25 in the c5 region, which is also part of the ... | 2001 | 11160703 |
| endogenous type d retrovirus in a marsupial, the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). | we have sequenced and characterized an endogenous type d retrovirus, which we have named tverv(d), from the genome of an australian marsupial, the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). intact tverv(d) gag, pro, pol, and env open reading frames were detected in the possum genome. tverv(d) was classified as a type d retrovirus, most closely related to those of old world monkeys, new world monkeys, and mice, based on phylogenetic analyses and genetic organization. approximately 30 tverv( ... | 2001 | 11160757 |
| identification of novel porcine endogenous betaretrovirus sequences in miniature swine. | pcr amplification of genomic dna from miniature swine peripheral blood lymphocytes, using primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of the polymerase (pol) gene, allowed the identification of two novel porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) sequences, pmsn-1 and pmsn-4. phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of pmsn-1 and pmsn-4 revealed them to be most closely related to betaretroviruses. the identification of pervs belonging to the betaretrovirus genus shows that endogenous re ... | 2001 | 11222699 |
| comparison of replication-competent molecular clones of porcine endogenous retrovirus class a and class b derived from pig and human cells. | vertically transmitted endogenous retroviruses pose an infectious risk in the course of pig-to-human transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs. two classes of polytropic type c porcine endogenous retroviruses (perv) which are infectious for human cells in vitro are known. recently, we described the cloning and characterization of replication-competent perv-b sequences from productively infected human cells (f. czauderna, n. fischer, k. boller, r. kurth, and r. r. tönjes, j. virol. 74:4028-40 ... | 2001 | 11356953 |
| retroviral constitutive transport element evolved from cellular tap(nxf1)-binding sequences. | the constitutive transport element (cte) of type d retroviruses serves as a signal of nuclear export of unspliced viral rnas. the human tap(nxf1) protein, a cellular mrna export factor, directly binds to cte and mediates nuclear export of cte-containing rnas. here, we use genomic selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) to show that the human genome encodes a family of high-affinity tap ligands. these tap-binding elements (tbe) are 15-bp minisatellite repeats that are ho ... | 2001 | 11356964 |
| mapping the functional domains of hap95, a protein that binds rna helicase a and activates the constitutive transport element of type d retroviruses. | the complex retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, type 1, employ a virally encoded protein, rev, to mediate the nuclear export of unspliced and partially spliced mrna. in contrast, the simian type d retroviruses act through a cis-acting constitutive transport element (cte) that presumably interacts directly with cellular export proteins. we first reported that rna helicase a (rha) is a shuttle protein that binds to functional cte in vitro and in vivo. recently, we isolated a novel p ... | 2001 | 11402034 |
| a pcr primer system for detecting oncoretroviruses based on conserved dna sequence motifs of animal retroviruses and its application to human leukaemias and lymphomas. | many c- and d-type retroviruses are known to cause a broad spectrum of malignant diseases in animals. certain genome regions of these animal retroviruses are highly conserved between different animal species. it should be possible to detect new members of the retrovirus family with consensus pcr primers derived from these conserved sequence motifs. the consensus pcr primers developed in this study are generic enough to detect nearly all known oncogenic mammalian and avian exogenous c- and d-type ... | 2001 | 11514731 |
| expression of endogenous betaretroviruses in the ovine uterus: effects of neonatal age, estrous cycle, pregnancy, and progesterone. | the ovine genome contains 15 to 20 copies of endogenous retroviruses (enjsrvs) highly related to the oncogenic jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) and enzootic nasal tumor virus. enjsrvs are highly expressed in the endometrial lumenal epithelia (le) and glandular epithelia (ge) of the ovine uterus. the effects of neonatal age, estrous cycle, pregnancy, and progesterone on expression of enjsrvs in the ovine uterus were determined. expression of enjsrv rnas was absent from the uterus of ewes at bir ... | 2001 | 11689612 |
| selection for c-myc integration sites in polyclonal t-cell lymphomas. | type b leukemogenic virus (tblv) is highly related to mouse mammary tumor virus but induces rapidly appearing t-cell lymphomas in mice. unlike other t-cell tumors induced by retroviruses, only 5 to 10% of tblv-induced lymphomas have detectable viral integrations near c-myc by southern blotting, whereas northern blotting has shown that most tumors have two- to sixfold overexpression of c-myc rna. in this report, pcr was used to demonstrate that at least 30% of these lymphomas have tblv insertions ... | 2002 | 11836386 |
| envelope-induced cell transformation by ovine betaretroviruses. | ovine betaretroviruses include jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (entv). jsrv and entv represent a unique class of oncogenic retroviruses that induce tumors of the respiratory tract. jsrv and entv are highly related but induce different diseases. expression of the jsrv envelope (env) induces transformation of rodent fibroblasts in vitro and phosphorylation of akt, a central player in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi-3k)/akt signal transduction pathway. howeve ... | 2002 | 11991967 |
| infection of simian b lymphoblastoid cells with simian immunodeficiency virus is associated with upregulation of cd23 and cd40 cell surface markers. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) as well as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) induce polyclonal b-cell activation and are associated with the appearance of lymphomas in their respective hosts in either the presence or the absence of other co-infecting viruses such as epstein-barr virus (ebv). however, the pathogenic role of these retroviruses in the development of lymphoproliferative disorders remains poorly understood. to explore the virus-b-cell interactions, two immortalized lymphoblastoi ... | 2002 | 12210440 |
| receptor usage and fetal expression of ovine endogenous betaretroviruses: implications for coevolution of endogenous and exogenous retroviruses. | betaretroviruses of sheep include two exogenous viruses, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (entv), and a group of endogenous viruses known as enjsrvs. the exogenous jsrv and entv are the etiological agents of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (opa) and enzootic nasal tumor (ent), respectively. sheep affected by opa or ent do not show an appreciable antibody response to jsrv or entv. consequently, it is conceivable that enjsrv expression in the fetal lamb tolerizes sh ... | 2003 | 12477881 |
| role of virus receptor hyal2 in oncogenic transformation of rodent fibroblasts by sheep betaretrovirus env proteins. | the ovine betaretroviruses jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (entv) cause contagious cancers in the lungs and upper airways of sheep and goats. oncogenic transformation assays using mouse and rat fibroblasts have localized the transforming activity to the env proteins encoded by these viruses, which require the putative lung and breast cancer tumor suppressor hyaluronidase 2 (hyal2) to promote virus entry into cells. these results suggested the hypothesis that the ... | 2003 | 12584308 |
| a history of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (jaagsiekte) and experiments leading to the deduction of the jsrv nucleotide sequence. | jaagsiekte (js), a contagious cancer affecting the lungs of sheep has been called many names over the years. at a recent workshop in missilac, france it was agreed that the disease would be called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (opa). the disease is caused by an infectious retrovirus called jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv). this chapter focuses on the early research that led up to the isolation, cloning and sequencing of the exogenous infectious form of jsrv and the demonstration that it has a ... | 2003 | 12596893 |
| pathology of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. | clinical, gross pathology, histopathology and electron microscopy of the ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (opa, jaagsiekte) either natural or experimentally induced in sheep, goat and moufflon are described. opa is caused by an oncogenic betaretrovirus,jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv). most natural cases of opa appear in animals 1-4 years old. there is no evidence of sex or breed susceptibility. sheep affected by opa show an afebrile respiratory illness associated with loss of weight. a very cha ... | 2003 | 12596894 |
| pathology of human bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and its relationship to the ovine disease. | lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer with a poor prognosis. bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (bac) is a rare tumor that has always intrigued physicians. since the last world health organization classification the pathology has been clarified; bac per se is an adenocarcinoma with a pure bronchioloalveolar growth pattern and appears as an in situ alveolar adenocarcinoma. more usually bac is a clinically recognizable entity presenting as multi-focal nodules evolving towards pneumonia associated wit ... | 2003 | 12596901 |
| prevalence of antibodies to selected viruses in a long-term closed breeding colony of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in brazil. | the rhesus macaque breeding colony of the oswaldo cruz foundation (fiocruz) was established in 1932 from a founding stock of 100 animals. this population has remained closed to new animal introductions for almost 70 years. a serologic survey was performed to determine the prevalence of antibodies to selected viruses as a first approach to identifying viral pathogens endemic in this population. banked serum samples were tested for antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian t-lympho ... | 2003 | 12619046 |
| putative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) binding motifs in ovine betaretrovirus env proteins are not essential for rodent fibroblast transformation and pi3k/akt activation. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (entv) are simple betaretroviruses that cause epithelial cell tumors in the lower and upper airways of sheep and goats. the envelope (env) glycoproteins of both viruses can transform rodent and chicken fibroblasts, indicating that they play an essential role in oncogenesis. previous studies found that a yxxm motif in the env cytoplasmic tail, a putative docking site for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) after tyrosine phosphory ... | 2003 | 12829832 |
| does a betaretrovirus infection trigger primary biliary cirrhosis? | patients with primary biliary cirrhosis develop progressive ductopenia associated with the production of antimitochondrial antibodies that react with a protein aberrantly expressed on biliary epithelial cells and peri-hepatic lymph nodes. although no specific microbe has been identified, it is thought that an infectious agent triggers this autoimmune liver disease in genetically predisposed individuals. previous serologic studies have provided evidence to suggest a viral association with primary ... | 2003 | 12832623 |
| dutpase and nucleocapsid polypeptides of the mason-pfizer monkey virus form a fusion protein in the virion with homotrimeric organization and low catalytic efficiency. | betaretroviruses encode dutpase, an essential factor in dna metabolism and repair, in the pro open reading frame located between gag and pol. ribosomal frame-shifts during expression of retroviral proteins provide a unique possibility for covalent joining of nucleocapsid (nc) and dutpase within gag-pro polyproteins. by developing an antibody against the prototype betaretrovirus mason-pfizer monkey virus dutpase, we demonstrate that i) the nc-dutpase fusion protein exists both within the virions ... | 2003 | 12869552 |
| understanding xenotransplantation risks from nonhuman primate retroviruses. | significant progress in making animal-to-human transplantation a viable adjunct to human organ donation will require a greater understanding of the intricacies of immunologic rejection. recent success in generating cloned knockout piglets increases the possibility that xenotransplantation may find its way into the clinics. nonhuman primates' organs have been used for human transplants in the past and there is reason to believe that if ethical considerations and inherent problems with supply were ... | 2003 | 12934943 |
| identification of the receptor binding domain of the mouse mammary tumor virus envelope protein. | mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) is a betaretrovirus that infects rodent cells and uses mouse transferrin receptor 1 for cell entry. to characterize the interaction of mmtv with its receptor, we aligned the mmtv envelope surface (su) protein with that of friend murine leukemia virus (f-mlv) and identified a putative receptor-binding domain (rbd) that included a receptor binding sequence (rbs) of five amino acids and a heparin-binding domain (hbd). mutation of the hbd reduced virus infectivity, a ... | 2003 | 12970432 |
| the endogenous langur type d retrovirus po-1-lu and its exogenous counterparts in macaque and langur monkeys. | po-1-lu, the endogenous type d retrovirus of langurs (trachypithecus obscurus) has previously been considered a progenitor to the prototype type d retrovirus, mason pfizer monkey virus (m-pmv/srv-3), that became established in macaque monkeys (macaca spp.) following a zoonosis. this study reevaluates this hypothesis to include other exogenous srvs. new sequence information from the gp70(su)-encoding region of po-1-lu shows striking similarity to the newly identified exogenous langur retrovirus, ... | 2003 | 14585330 |
| endogenous betaretroviruses of sheep: teaching new lessons in retroviral interference and adaptation. | the endogenous betaretroviruses of small ruminants offer an excellent model to investigate the biological relevance of endogenous retroviruses (ervs). approximately twenty copies of endogenous betaretroviruses (enjsrvs) are present in the genome of sheep and goats. enjsrvs are highly related to jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) and the enzootic nasal tumour virus (entv), the causative agents of naturally occurring carcinomas of the respiratory tract of sheep. enjsrvs interact/interfere at diffe ... | 2004 | 14718613 |
| retrovirus infection as a trigger for primary biliary cirrhosis? | 2004 | 14751695 | |
| cloning the human betaretrovirus proviral genome from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. | patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) have both serologic and tissue evidence of infection. a recently identified human betaretrovirus was originally cloned from the biliary epithelium cdna library of a patient with pbc. by conducting a blastn search, the initial partial pol gene fragment was found to have 95% to 97% nucleotide homology with mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) and with retrovirus sequences derived from human breast cancer samples. using an anti-p27(ca) mmtv antibody, viral ... | 2004 | 14752833 |
| cryoelectron microscopy of mouse mammary tumor virus. | cryoelectron microscopy of mouse mammary tumor virus, a betaretrovirus, provided information about glycoprotein structure and core formation. the virions showed the broad range of diameters typical of retroviruses. betaretroviruses assemble cytoplasmically, so the broad size range cannot reflect the use of the plasma membrane as a platform for assembly. | 2004 | 14963166 |
| biodistribution of the rd114/mammalian type d retrovirus receptor, rdr. | the limited expression of viral receptors on target cells is a recognized barrier to therapeutic gene transfer. previous analysis of receptor expression has been performed using indirect methods due to a lack of receptor-specific antibodies. | 2004 | 15026986 |
| multiple groups of endogenous betaretroviruses in mice, rats, and other mammals. | betaretroviruses exist in endogenous and exogenous forms in hosts that are widely distributed and evolutionarily distantly related. here we report the discovery and characterization of several previously unknown betaretrovirus groups in the genomes of mus musculus and rattus norvegicus. each group contains both mouse and rat elements, and several of the groups are more closely related to previously known betaretroviruses from nonmurine hosts. some of the groups also include members from hosts wh ... | 2004 | 15140976 |
| human endogenous retrovirus family herv-k(hml-5): status, evolution, and reconstruction of an ancient betaretrovirus in the human genome. | the human genome harbors numerous distinct families of so-called human endogenous retroviruses (herv) which are remnants of exogenous retroviruses that entered the germ line millions of years ago. we describe here the hitherto little-characterized betaretrovirus herv-k(hml-5) family (named hervk22 in repbase) in greater detail. out of 139 proviruses, only a few loci represent full-length proviruses, and many lack gag protease and/or env gene regions. we generated a consensus sequence from multip ... | 2004 | 15280487 |
| detection and characterization of betaretroviral sequences, related to sheep jaagsiekte virus, in africans from nigeria and cameroon. | jaagsiekte retrovirus (jsrv) causes ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (opa) that resembles bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (bac) in humans. to test the possible role of jsrv in human diseases, dna specimens from 103 individuals either healthy or suffering from lung carcinomas were analyzed for jsrv sequences. orf-x sequences were detected in 19 of 64 samples and gag-prt sequences in 4 of 38 samples, predominantly in individuals from africa. sequences obtained from orf-x amplimers varied in-between each ... | 2004 | 15351203 |
| proteinases of betaretroviruses bind single-stranded nucleic acids through a novel interaction module, the g-patch. | retroviral proteinases (prs) are essential for retrovirus infectivity but the mechanism of their activity regulation is poorly understood. we investigated possible involvement in this process of the c-terminal domain (ctd) of betaretroviral prs. we found that the presence of ctd attenuates proteolytic activity of mason-pfizer monkey virus pr, while it does not significantly affect the activity of mouse intracisternal a-particle retrovirus pr. however, both prs bind single-stranded nucleic acids ... | 2004 | 15474050 |
| pilot studies of single and combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. | preliminary reports suggest that patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) have evidence of human betaretrovirus infection. the aim of this study was to determine whether antiviral therapy impacts on the disease process. | 2004 | 15571581 |
| proof of principal studies to assess the role of the human betaretrovirus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. | 2004 | 15571601 | |
| localization of self-interacting domains within betaretrovirus gag polyproteins. | the betaretrovirus genus is characterized by the ability to preassemble immature capsids within the cytoplasm. for mason-pfizer monkey virus (m-pmv) this ability depends in part upon the unique internal scaffold domain (isd) within the p12 region of gag. in this study, we have further characterized the ability of m-pmv p12 to promote gag-gag interaction and have examined the gag polyprotein of the related mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) to potentially identify a region with equivalent function. ... | 2005 | 15680431 |
| [lymphadenopathy of the neck in children]. | 2004 | 15699993 | |
| isolation and characterization of a new simian retrovirus type d subtype from monkeys at the tsukuba primate center, japan. | exogenous type d simian retroviruses (srv/d) are prevalent in captive and feral populations of various macaque monkeys. thus far, five subtypes of srv/ds have been reported, three of which (srv-1, -2 and -3) have been molecularly characterized. two srv/d strains (n27 and t150) were isolated from seropositive cynomolgus macaques at the tsukuba primate center (tpc) in japan, showing clinical signs of srv/d infection, including anemia and persistent unresponsive diarrhea. electron microscopy demons ... | 2004 | 15716073 |
| variable regions 1 and 2 (vr1 and vr2) in jsrv gag are not responsible for the endogenous jsrv particle release defect. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) is a betaretrovirus causing ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, a transmissible lung tumor of sheep. a very closely related endogenous retrovirus (enjsrv) occurs as 15 to 20 copies in the genome of all sheep, and is not known to be linked to pathogenesis. we previously localized a particle release defect of the full-length endogenous-derived expression construct pcmv2enjs56a1 to the amino-terminal region of gag that incorporates the two variable regions vr1 and vr2 ... | 2005 | 15744563 |
| evolution and distribution of class ii-related endogenous retroviruses. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are widespread in vertebrate genomes and have been loosely grouped into "classes" on the basis of their phylogenetic relatedness to the established genera of exogenous retroviruses. four of these genera-the lentiviruses, alpharetroviruses, betaretroviruses, and deltaretroviruses-form a well-supported clade in retroviral phylogenies, and ervs that group with these genera have been termed class ii ervs. we used pcr amplification and sequencing of retroviral fragments ... | 2005 | 15858031 |
| the pp24 phosphoprotein of mason-pfizer monkey virus contributes to viral genome packaging. | the gag protein of mason-pfizer monkey virus, a betaretrovirus, contains a phosphoprotein that is cleaved into the np24 protein and the phosphoprotein pp16/18 during virus maturation. previous studies by yasuda and hunter (j. virology. 1998. 72:4095-4103) have demonstrated that pp16/18 contains a viral late domain required for budding and that the np24 protein plays a role during the virus life cycle since deletion of this n-terminal domain blocked virus replication. the function of the np24 dom ... | 2005 | 16274484 |
| development of real-time pcrs for detection and quantitation of human mmtv-like (hml) sequences hml expression in human tissues. | the human genome contains around 1000 betaretrovirus-like copies, human mouse mammary tumour virus (mmtv)-like (hml) groups 1-10, also referred to as human endogenous retrovirus "herv-k". despite many efforts, it is not established whether betaretroviruses, exo- or endogenous, are involved in the etiology of breast cancer, or other cancer diseases, in humans. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) taqman-based assays for hml groups 1-7, targeting the conserved reverse transcriptase (rt) and integrase ... | 2006 | 16713632 |
| differentiation-induced cleavage of cutl1/cdp generates a novel dominant-negative isoform that regulates mammary gene expression. | cutl1/ccaat displacement protein (cdp) is a transcriptional repressor of mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv), a betaretrovirus that is a paradigm for mammary-specific gene regulation. virgin mammary glands have high levels of full-length cdp (200 kda) that binds to negative regulatory elements (nres) to repress mmtv transcription. during late pregnancy, full-length cdp levels decline, and a 150-kda form of cdp (cdp150) appears concomitantly with a decline in dna-binding activity for the mmtv nres a ... | 2006 | 17015474 |
| the betaretrovirus mason-pfizer monkey virus selectively excludes simian apobec3g from virion particles. | the apobec3 protein family can constitute a potent barrier to the successful infection of mammalian species by retroviruses. therefore, any retrovirus that has evolved the ability to replicate in a given animal must have developed mechanisms that allow it to avoid or inhibit the apobec3 proteins expressed in that animal. here, we demonstrate that mason-pfizer monkey virus (mpmv) is resistant to inhibition by the apobec3g protein expressed in its normal host, the rhesus macaque, but highly suscep ... | 2006 | 17035335 |
| murine musd retrotransposon: structure and molecular evolution of an "intracellularized" retrovirus. | we had previously identified active autonomous copies of the musd long terminal repeat-retrotransposon family, which have retained transpositional activity. these elements are closely related to betaretroviruses but lack an envelope (env) gene. here we show that these elements encode strictly intracellular virus-like particles that can unambiguously be identified by electron microscopy. we demonstrate intracellular maturation of the particles, with a significant proportion of densely packed core ... | 2007 | 17151128 |
| ledgf/p75 interacts with divergent lentiviral integrases and modulates their enzymatic activity in vitro. | transcriptional co-activator ledgf/p75 is the major cellular interactor of hiv-1 integrase (in), critical to efficient viral replication. in this work, a series of ins from the betaretrovirus, gammaretrovirus, deltaretrovirus, spumavirus and lentivirus retroviral genera were tested for interaction with the host factor. none of the non-lentiviral ins possessed detectable affinity for ledgf in either pull-down or yeast two-hybrid assays. in contrast, all lentiviral ins examined, including those fr ... | 2007 | 17158150 |
| flexible segments modulate co-folding of dutpase and nucleocapsid proteins. | the homotrimeric fusion protein nucleocapsid (nc)-dutpase combines domains that participate in rna/dna folding, reverse transcription, and dna repair in mason-pfizer monkey betaretrovirus infected cells. the structural organization of the fusion protein remained obscured by the n- and c-terminal flexible segments of dutpase and the linker region connecting the two domains that are invisible in electron density maps. small-angle x-ray scattering reveals that upon oligonucleotide binding the nc do ... | 2007 | 17169987 |
| jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv): from virus to lung cancer in sheep. | jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) is a betaretrovirus infecting sheep. this virus is responsible for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, by transformation of epithelial cells from the bronchioli and alveoli. this animal cancer is similar to human bronchioloalveolar cancer (bac), a specific form of human lung cancer for which a viral aetiology has not yet been identified. jsrv interacts with target cells through the membrane receptor hyal2. the jsrv genome is simple and contains no recognised oncogene. ... | 2007 | 17257570 |
| critical role of dendritic cells in mouse mammary tumor virus in vivo infection. | mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) is a milk-transmitted betaretrovirus that causes mammary tumors in mice. although mammary epithelial cells are the ultimate targets of mmtv, the virus utilizes components of the host immune system to establish infection. previous studies indicated that dendritic cells play a role in mmtv infection. here we show that dendritic cells are the first cells to be infected by mmtv in vivo and that they are capable of producing infectious virus that can be transmitted to ... | 2007 | 17267484 |
| search for dna of exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus-related virus in human breast cancer samples. | earlier reports of a human exogenous retrovirus (hmtv) related closely to mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) led us to search for these viral sequences in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues. a real-time pcr was developed based on mmtv and published hmtv envelope sequences. the real-time pcr method can detect one to ten copies of mmtv target dna. tissue samples were collected prospectively from 18 breast cancer patients and 11 non-malignant control cases, as well as peripheral blood leukocyte ... | 2007 | 17485542 |
| reverse transcriptase activity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune liver disorders. | patients with biliary disease make retroviral antibodies and the human betaretrovirus has been characterized in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. | 2007 | 17661762 |
| jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is not detected in human lung adenocarcinomas expressing antigens related to the gag polyprotein of betaretroviruses. | a proportion of human lung adenocarcinomas (hlacs) express an antigen related to the major capsid protein (ca) of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv), a betaretrovirus that causes a transmissible lung cancer in sheep. in this study, we have investigated whether jsrv or related betaretroviruses are expressed in hlacs. results obtained indicate that jsrv is not associated with human lung adenocarcinomas. however, a proportion of hlacs reacted positively in immunohistochemistry with antibodies speci ... | 2007 | 17889995 |
| conservation of inner domain modules in the surface envelope glycoproteins of an ancient rabbit lentivirus and extant lentiviruses and betaretroviruses. | the consensus sequence of endogenous lentiviral elements in the genome of european rabbits (relik) was used to extend a model of conserved lentiviral and betaretroviral surface envelope glycoprotein (su) inner domain structures. here it is shown that nearly all the inner domain elements of human and simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 mediating conformational changes upon cd4 binding were conserved in the su of relik. many of these inner domain elements and a carboxy-terminal region outside the ... | 2008 | 18037464 |
| replication of beta- and gammaretroviruses is restricted in i/lnj mice via the same genetic mechanism. | mice of the i/lnj inbred strain are unique in their ability to mount a robust and sustained humoral immune response capable of neutralizing infection with a betaretrovirus, mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv). virus-neutralizing antibodies (abs) coat mmtv virions secreted by infected cells, preventing virus spread and hence the formation of mammary tumors. to investigate whether i/lnj mice resist infection with other retroviruses besides mmtv, the animals were infected with murine leukemia virus (m ... | 2008 | 18057254 |
| variable transcriptional activity of endogenous retroviruses in human breast cancer. | human endogenous retroviruses (hervs) account for up to 9% of the human genome and include more than 800 elements related to betaretroviruses. while mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) is the accepted etiological agent of mammary tumors in mice, the role of retroviral elements in human breast cancer remains elusive. here, we performed a comprehensive microarray-based analysis of overall retroviral transcriptional activities in 46 mammary gland tissue specimens representing pairs of nonmalignant and ... | 2008 | 18077721 |
| signal transduction pathways utilized by enzootic nasal tumor virus (entv-1) envelope protein in transformation of rat epithelial cells resemble those used by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. | the ovine beta-retroviruses enzootic nasal tumor virus (entv) and jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) are the causative agent of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ena) and ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (opa), respectively, characterized by neoplastic transformation of secretory epithelial cells. the envelope (env) proteins of these related betaretroviruses act as oncogenes, in that they can transform fibroblast and epithelial cell lines in culture. in addition, viral vector-mediated expression of t ... | 2008 | 18176837 |
| characterization of the bovine endogenous retrovirus beta3 genome. | we recently used degenerate pcr and locus-specific pcr methods to identify the endogenous retroviruses (erv) in the bovine genome. using the ovine erv classification system, the bovine ervs (bervs) could be classified into four families. here, we searched the most recently released bovine genome database with the partial nucleotide sequence of the pro/pol region of the berv beta3 family. this allowed us to obtain and analyze the complete genome of berv beta3. the berv beta3 genome is 7666 nucleo ... | 2008 | 18319627 |
| convergence on chromatin of non-genomic and genomic pathways of hormone signaling. | gene regulation by steroid hormones involves genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways and the relationship between these two pathways is unknown. genomic actions are often mediated by binding of the ligand-activated hormone receptors to hormone responsive elements (hres) followed by recruitment of co-regulators, remodeling of chromatin and formation of the transcription initiation complex. the non-genomic effects of steroid hormones involve the rapid and transient activation of several kinase ... | 2008 | 18417338 |
| other potential medical therapies: the use of antiviral agents to investigate and treat primary ciliary cirrhosis. | a human betaretrovirus has been characterized in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) and the related mouse mammary tumor virus linked with autoimmune biliary disease in the nod.c3c4 mouse model. translational studies have been performed in patients who have pbc to investigate the role of viral infection in disease. patients treated with combivir experienced significant improvements in hepatic biochemistry, clinical symptoms, and histology with evidence of reversal of ductopenia. prelim ... | 2008 | 18456190 |
| early increases in superantigen-specific foxp3+ regulatory t cells during mouse mammary tumor virus infection. | mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) is a milk-borne betaretrovirus that has developed strategies to exploit and subvert the host immune system. here, we show in a natural model of mmtv infection that the virus causes early and progressive increases in superantigen (sag)-specific foxp3(+) regulatory t cells (t(reg)) in peyer's patches (pp). these increases were shown to be dependent on the presence of dendritic cells. cd4(+) cd25(+) t cells from the pp of infected mice preferentially suppress the pr ... | 2008 | 18495774 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for quantitation of simian betaretrovirus serotype-1, -2, -3, and -5 viral dna in asian monkeys. | simian betaretroviruses (srv), formerly known as simian type d retroviruses, are endemic in many populations of asian monkeys of the genus macaca. asian monkeys have been used extensively as animal models for preclinical hiv vaccine development, therapeutics, and other biomedical studies. srv infection can sometimes lead to immune deficiency disease, which complicates such studies; thus, it is important to screen for srv infection and remove infected animals from test populations. real-time pcr ... | 2008 | 18597861 |
| structural characterization of the genome of berv gamma4, the most abundant endogenous retrovirus family in cattle. | the genome of replication-competent berv gamma4 provirus, which is the most abundant erv family in the bovine genome, was characterized in detail. the berv gamma4 genome showed that berv gamma4 harbors 8576 nucleotides and has the typical 5'-long terminal repeat (ltr)-gag-pro-pol-env-ltr-3' retroviral organization with a long leader region positioned before the gag open reading frame. multiple sequences analysis showed that the nucleotide difference between 5' and 3' ltrs was 4.2% (mean value 0. ... | 2008 | 18612240 |
| clinical trial: randomized controlled trial of zidovudine and lamivudine for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis stabilized on ursodiol. | background: a human betaretrovirus has been characterized in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc). uncontrolled studies using combination anti-retroviral therapy have reported significant biochemical and histological improvement. our aim was to conduct a double blind, randomized controlled trial as a proof of principal to link infection with pbc. methods: 59 patients with an alkaline phosphatase level > 1.5 upper limits of normal stabilized on ursodeoxycholic acid therapy were randomize ... | 2008 | 18627363 |