Publications

large animal hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic plants.	the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic plants of large domestic animals have been reviewed. the most important ones are those widely distributed as weeds over pastures, negelcted forests and grasslands, those used as ornamentals, the nitrate concentrating forage crops, and the cyanophoric plants. crotolaria spp, the ragwort (senecia jacobaea), the lantana spp. and heliotopum are common hepatoxic plants. amaranthus retroflexus, datura stramonium, solanum rostratum, and the castor oil plant (ricinus comm ...	1979	516370
perirenal edema in swine- caused by ingestion of amaranthus retroflexus (pigweed).		1975	1039199
perirenal edema and toxic nephrosis in cattle, associated with ingestion of pigweed.	twenty-two young cows died or were euthanatized after intoxication associated with ingestion of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) growing in marginal grass pasture. after several days of weakness and posterior incoordination, the cattle became recumbent but remained alert. pertinent clinical laboratory findings included increased blood urea nitrogen content and marked proteinuria. at necropsy, perirenal edema and toxic tubular neprosis were seen.	1975	1184428
[phytotoxicity of hydrazones of aromatic aldehydes].	a series of hydrazones of aromatic aldehydes (b) was prepared and tested for phytotoxicity. these compounds are bioisosters of 1-aryltriazenes (a) which were found to possess interesting phytotoxic properties in a previous research. the substances studied (tables i leads to iii: compounds(i leads to clxxx)) some of which were previously unrecorded, were prepared by the usual procedures from the required aldehyde and hydrazine derivative. the phytotoxicity of all the compounds was studied using s ...	1976	1269737
modification of the fluorescent allergosorbent test as an inhibition assay for determination of cross-reactivity among aeroallergens.	the fluorescent allergosorbent test was adapted as an inhibition assay to determine cross-reactivity between aeroallergens. with this method, similar antigenic determinants were found between short ragweed and giant ragweed, cocklebur, lamb's-quarter, rough pigweed, marsh elder, and goldenrod. cocklebur and giant ragweed were highly potent in their ability to competitively bind to short ragweed ige. the other pollens demonstrated lower potency of cross-reacting antigens. the fluorescent allergos ...	1991	1704024
cross-reactivity among chenopodiaceae and amaranthaceae.	pollen extracts from atriplex latifolia, beta vulgaris, salsola kali and amaranthus retroflexus were compared with an extract from chenopodium album by both in vivo and in vitro methods. skin prick tests on 20 c. album-sensitive patients were positive with all extracts. rast inhibition together with two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and two-dimensional radioimmunoelectrophoresis indicate that common allergenic determinants are present. electrophoretic transfer for detection of ige binding mo ...	1985	2581481
amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed): inability to cause renal toxicosis in rabbits.	rabbits fed amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) did not develop lesions of renal toxicosis reported in other species fed this plant. in feeding trials using adult and weanling rabbits, a retroflexus did not produce indications of renal involvement in rabbits. in both trials, treated rabbits had increased weight loss when compared with controls; however, the weight loss was not attributed to a toxic effect, but to previously described decreased palatability of amaranthus spp.	1985	3970436
production of perirenal edema in swine with amaranthus retroflexus.		1969	5813019
pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus): an oxalate-containing plant.		1967	6068253
nutritive value of green or yellow foxtail, wild oats, wild buckwheat or redroot pigweed seed as determined with the rat.	pure green foxtail (setaria viridis beauv.), yellow foxtail (setaria lutescens hubb.), wild oats (avena fatua l.), wild buckwehat (polygonum convolvulus l.) and redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds were fed to growing male rats in two experiments. in the first experiment, green or yellow foxtail and wild oats seeds were found to be first-limiting in the amino acid lysine. green or yellow foxtail seed supplemented with lysine produced satisfactory rat growth. digestible energy (de) v ...	1980	7410266
characterization of chenopodiales (amaranthus retroflexus, chenopodium album, kochia scoparia, salsola pestifer) pollen allergens.	pollen extracts of the four taxonomically related weeds, amaranthus retroflexus (ama r), chenopodium album (che a), kochia scoparia (koc s), and salsola pestifer (s. kali) (sal p), were characterized by various methods including crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie), crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (crie), and sds-page immunoblotting. the allergen profiles were determined by crie and sds-page ige immunoblotting. crie detected from one to four important allergens, while sds showed up to four ban ...	1995	7573842
amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) poisoning in cattle.	amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed)-induced nephrotoxicity was diagnosed in 6 herds of cattle from 3 counties in southwest missouri. forty-eight cows and calves died and another 35 were clinically affected. serum urea nitrogen concentration, determined in 4 affected calves, was between 55 and 284 mg/dl, and serum creatinine concentration was between 6.7 and 29.9 mg/dl. postmortem examination of affected cows and calves revealed amber-colored fluid in peritoneal cavities and retroperitoneal ...	1994	8045809
redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) poisoning of cattle in southern brazil.	two outbreaks of amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) poisoning occurring in cattle in southern brazil in late summer and early autumn are described. in both instances too many cattle were held in small paddocks heavily invaded by a retroflexus in its seeding stage. in 1 herd 8/28 heifers and in the other 15/45 adult cows died. clinical courses ranged from 3 to 7 d. clinical signs included depression, loss of weight, mild serous nasal discharge, foul smelling liquid feces tinged with blood, ...	1997	9080636
trypanosomatid protozoa in plants of southeastern spain: characterization by analysis of isoenzymes, kinetoplast dna, and metabolic behavior.	three flagellates of the family trypanosomatidae were isolated from mango fruits (mangifera indica) and from the stems of clover (trifolium glomeratum) and amaranth (amaranthus retroflexus) in southeastern spain and were adapted to in vitro culture in monophase media. the parasites showed an ultrastructural pattern similar to that of other species of the genus phytomonas. mango and clover isolates differed from amaranth isolates in ultrastructural terms. the isolates were characterized by isoenz ...	1998	9610631
a study of pollen prevalence in relation to pollen allergy in malaysian asthmatics.	in this paper we report results of skin prick tests (spt) using pollen extracts on 200 patients with clinical symptoms of asthma, and results of a parallel study in which pollen was collected and classified over a period of 18 months. the patients were outpatients from the university hospital in kuala lumpur, malaysia, while the pollen grains were collected with a spore trap placed in the campus of the university of malaya, approximately one kilometer from the university hospital. pollen extract ...	1998	9681122
pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) toxicosis in cattle.	four of approximately 15 dry cows introduced on a 10-acre fescue-clover-orchard grass-dallis grass pasture in east tennessee became recumbent. clinical findings included depression, muscle tremors, increased heart and respiratory rates, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, and elevated creatinine phosphokinase. three cows recovered; 1 died. differential diagnoses considered were hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, rabies and toxicoses from amaranthus retroflexus (pigweed), quercus spp ...	1998	9682407
evaluation of the nutritional value of the amaranth plant. i. raw and heat-treated grain tested in experiments on growing rats.	two experiments were carried out on rats to determine the nutritional value of raw and autoclaved amaranth (amaranthus retroflexus) seeds. the test groups of the first experiment were fed only ground amaranth seed. the control group received pure maize meal. both test groups showed higher growth rate than the control group, due to the higher protein content of amaranth. the final body weight of rats fed autoclaved amaranth seed significantly exceeded that of rats fed raw amaranth seed. the net p ...	1998	9704510
biochemical characterization of a trypanosomatid isolated from the plant amaranthus retroflexus.	a protozoan flagelate has recently been isolated from amaranthus retroflexus. this plant grows near economically important crops in southeastern spain, which are known to be parasitized by phytomonas spp. the present study focuses on the characterization of the energy metabolism of this new isolate. these flagellates utilize glucose efficiently as their primary energy source, although they are unable to completely degrade it. they excrete ethanol, acetate, glycine, and succinate in lower amount, ...	2003	10998214
synthesis and herbicidal activity of [3r,5s,6s]-3-benzyloxy-5- methoxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and [3r,5s,6s]-3-methoxy-5-benzyloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane.	the synthesis of spiroacetals [3r,5s,6s]-3-benzyloxy-5-methoxy-1,7-dioaxaspiro[5.5]undecane 3 and [3r,5s,6s]-3-methoxy-5-benzyloxy-1,7-dioaxaspiro[5.5]undecane4, where the substituents on the spiroacetal assembly are in a 1,3-diaxial orientation, is described. epoxidation of unsaturated spiroacetal 5 using dimethyldioxirane showed greater preference for the alpha-epoxide 11 over the beta-epoxide 12. treatment of the alpha-epoxide 11 with lithium diethylamide in tetrahydrofuran afforded both the ...	1998	11672035
uptake of cesium-137 and strontium-90 from contaminated soil by three plant species; application to phytoremediation.	a field test was conducted to determine the ability of three plant species to extract 137cs and 90sr from contaminated soil. redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.), indian mustard [brassica juncea (l.) czern.], and tepary bean (phaseolus acutifolius a. gray) were planted in a series of spatially randomized cells in soil that was contaminated in the 1950s and 1960s. we examined the potential for phytoextraction of 90sr and 137cs by these three species. concentration ratios (cr) for 137cs for ...	2006	12026094
decoupling of light intensity effects on the growth and development of c3 and c4 weed species through sucrose supplementation.	light availability has a profound effect on plant growth and development. one of the ways to study the effects of light intensity on plant growth and development without the confounding problem of photosynthate availability is sucrose injection/supplementation. a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of light levels (0% and 75% shade) and sucrose injection (distilled water or 150 g sucrose l(-1)) on three weed species: redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l., c4), lambsq ...	2002	12177133
allelopathic potential and chemical constituents of volatiles from ageratum conyzoides under stress.	the allelopathic potential of ageratum conyzoides was investigated under different environmental stress conditions, including nutrient deficiency. physical damage, 2.4-d treatment, competition with bidens pilosa, infection with erysiphe cichoracearum, and feeding by aphiids gossypii. the inhibitory effects of a. conyzoides volatiles on peanut (arachis hypogaea), redroot amaranth (amaranthus retroflexus), cucumber (cucumis sativus), and ryegrass (lolium multiforum) increased when plants were grow ...	2002	12184395
regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity in response to reduced light intensity in c4 plants.	the light-dependent regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activity was studied in 16 species of c4 plants representing all three biochemical subtypes and a variety of taxonomic groups. rubisco regulation was assessed by measuring (a) the ratio of initial to total rubisco activity, which reflects primarily the carbamylation state of the enzyme, and (b) total rubisco activity per mol of rubisco catalytic sites, which declines when 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate ( ...	1993	12231795
on the mechanism of selectivity of the corn herbicide bas 662h: a combination of the novel auxin transport inhibitor diflufenzopyr and the auxin herbicide dicamba.	bas 662h, a 1:2.5 combination of the semicarbazone-type auxin transport inhibitor diflufenzopyr and the auxin herbicide dicamba, is used as a post-emergence herbicide in corn. the combination has been observed to provide more effective broadleaf weed control and improved tolerance in corn than typical rates of dicamba used alone. in order to analyze this phenomenon, the uptake, translocation, metabolism and action of both compounds, applied alone and in combination, were investigated in amaranth ...	2002	12400439
chemical control of perennial and annual weeds in herbicide resistant soybean crops.	in romania, the first tests with roundup ready on soybean crops were performed in 1998, on 2 soil types: a) at teleorman station on chernozem containing 3.5% humus, 4.5% clay b) at brăila station placed in danube meadow on alluvial soil containing 3.90% humus and 46% clay. in every locality cultivated soybean cultivar s.2254 was resistant to glyphosate. during the three years of experiments (1998-2000) the crop of soybean was infested with various species of weeds (both annual and perennial) of ...	2001	12425098
determination of resistant biotypes of amaranthus retroflexus l. on triazines.	considering the fact that since 1966 in our country the mostly produced have been triazine herbicides on the bases of ametryn, simazine, atrazine and prometryn, we have studied resistance of amaranthus retroflexus from different sites in regard to the above mentioned herbicides. seed of weed species for which exist-possibility of resistance have been collected from different localities in vojvodina, such as backa palanka, backi maglic and becej. studies were performed during 1999 and 2000 by who ...	2001	12425102
atrazine resistance entails a limited xanthophyll cycle activity, a lower psii efficiency and an altered pattern of excess excitation dissipation.	atrazine-resistant (ar) weeds have a modified d1 protein structure, with a ser264-->gly mutation on the d1 protein, near the plastoquinone binding niche. the photosynthetic performance, the light response of the xanthophyll cycle and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching-related parameters were compared in attached leaves of susceptible (s) and ar biotypes of the c3 dicot chenopodium album l., epilobium adenocaulon hausskn., erigeron canadensis l., senecio vulgaris l. and solanum nigrum l. and the ...	2003	12702013
uptake and release of cesium-137 by five plant species as influenced by soil amendments in field experiments.	phytoextraction field experiments were conducted on soil contaminated with 0.39 to 8.7 bq/g of 137cs to determine the capacity of five plant species to accumulate 137cs and the effects of three soil treatments on uptake. the plants tested were redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l. var. aureus); a mixture of redroot pigweed and spreading pigweed (a. graecizans l.); purple amaranth (a. cruteus l.) x powell's amaranth (a. powellii s. watson), referred to here as the amaranth hybrid; indian mus ...	2012	14674551
photosynthetic and growth responses of zea mays l and four weed species following post-emergence treatments with mesotrione and atrazinet.	we compared photosynthesis and growth of zea mays l (corn) and four weed species, setaria viridis (l) beauv (green foxtail), echinochloa crus-galli (l) beauv (barnyardgrass), abutilon theophrasti medic (velvetleaf), and amaranthus retroflexus l (redroot pigweed), following foliar applications with atrazine, mesotrione, or a combination of atrazine and mesotrione in two greenhouse experiments. plant responses to the three herbicide treatments were compared with responses of untreated plants (cont ...	2004	15532681
effects of hand weeding strip and nitrogen fertilizer on corn plants.	the objective of the present research was to evaluate effects of different strip weed control associated with nitrogen fertilizer on corn applied after planting. the experiment was set and conducted in botucatu, são paulo state, brazil, and the hybrid planted was dekalb 333-b. a completely randomized block design with four replications was used. experimental plots were disposed as a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 4, constituted by two types of weeding on row (with or without manual hoeing), two types ...	2005	15656170
amplified fragment length polymorphism-based genetic relationships among weedy amaranthus species.	weedy amaranthus species frequently cause economically significant reductions in crop yields. accurate identification of amaranthus species is important for efficient weed control, but amaranthus species can interbreed, which might cause difficulty when identifying hybrid-derived specimens. to determine which of several economically important weedy amaranthus species are most genetically similar, and thus most likely to produce viable hybrids, we performed amplified fragment length polymorphism ...	2006	15829725
plant growth inhibition by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides and cis-cinnamic acid.	spiraea thunbergii sieb. contains 1-o-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose (cg) and 6-o-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-1-o-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose (bcg) as major plant growth inhibiting constituents. in the present study, we determined the inhibitory activity of cg and bcg on root elongation of germinated seedlings of lettuce (lactuca sativa), pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus), red clover (trifolium pratense), timothy (phleum pratense), and bok choy (brassica rapa var chinensis) in c ...	2005	15898503
an antimicrobial peptide ar-amp from amaranth (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds.	a 30-residue antimicrobial peptide ar-amp was isolated from the seeds of amaranth amaranthus retroflexus l. essentially by a single step procedure using reversed-phase hplc, and its in vitro biological activities were studied. the complete amino acid sequence of ar-amp was determined by edman degradation in combination with mass spectrometric methods. in addition, the cdna encoding ar-amp was obtained and sequenced. the cdna encodes a precursor protein consisting of the n-terminal putative signa ...	2005	16126239
confirmation of potential herbicidal agents in hulls of rice, oryza sativa.	an ethyl acetate extract of oryza sativa (rice) hulls yielded seven compounds: hentriacontane, 1-tetratriacontanol, beta-sitosterol, momilactone a, momilactone b, tricin (a flavonoid), and beta-sitosterol-3-o-beta-d-glucoside. the structures of these compounds were elucidated with 500 mhz nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), using 1d and 2d spectral methods, aided by electron ionization mass spectrometry (ei-ms), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (fab-ms), infrared (ir), and ultraviolet (uv) ...	2005	16222775
chloroplast membrane alterations in triazine-resistant amaranthus retroflexus biotypes.	the effectiveness of diuron, atrazine, procyazine, and cyanazine were compared in controlling growth of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) in hydroponic culture. a very marked differential inhibition response was observed for atrazine between resistant and susceptible biotypes. procyazine and cyanazine exhibited less dramatic differential responses, whereas diuron was equally effective in controlling growth in both biotypes. photosystem ii activity of chloroplasts from both triazine-res ...	1979	16592608
a comparison of dark respiration between c(3) and c(4) plants.	lower respiratory costs were hypothesized as providing an additional benefit in c(4) plants compared to c(3) plants due to less investment in proteins in c(4) leaves. therefore, photosynthesis and dark respiration of mature leaves were compared between a number of c(4) and c(3) species. although photosynthetic rates were generally greater in c(4) when compared to c(3) species, no differences were found in dark respiration rates of individual leaves at either the beginning or after 16 h of the da ...	1992	16652945
action of phytochrome during prechilling of amaranthus retroflexus l. seeds.	dark germination of amaranthus retroflexus l. seeds at 35 degrees increased after several days of prechilling at 20 degrees or lower. irradiation with far-red light for short periods during the early hours of a prechilling period at 10 degrees inhibited subsequent dark germination at 35 degrees . the inhibition was completely reversible with red light. far-red irradiation in the latter part of the prechilling period was less effective. increased dark germination of a. retroflexus seeds following ...	1969	16657136
changes in phytochrome expressed by germination of amaranthus retroflexus l. seeds.	effects of red (600 to 680 nanometers) and far red (700 to 760 nanometers) irradiances on amaranthus retroflexus l. seeds indicate that synthesis of phytochrome in the red-absorbing form takes place in water-imbibed nongerminating seeds at 35 c. after 96 hours in darkness, conversion of about 0.10% phytochrome to the far red-absorbing form induces 50% germination. continuous far red radiation at 35 c with an irradiance of 0.4 x 10(-10) einsteins per square centimeter per second caused photoinact ...	1971	16657672
rehydration of phytochrome in imbibing seeds of amaranthus retroflexus l.		1972	16658024
dependence of phytochrome action in seeds on membrane organization.	germination of amaranthus retroflexus l. seeds imbibed at 40 c is enhanced by establishing the active form of phytochrome before a reduction in temperature to <32 c. the half-time for effectiveness of the lower temperature is about 8 min at 15 c. isolated membrane fragments of a. retroflexus seeds associated with the fluorescent probe 1,8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonate (ans) increase in structural order as the temperature is lowered through the 32 c region. the germination response is decreased b ...	1978	16660228
further studies on oxalic acid biosynthesis in oxalate-accumulating plants.	l-ascorbic acid functions as a precursor of oxalic acid in several oxalate-accumulating plants. the present study extends this observation to include rumex crispus l. (curly dock), amaranthus retroflexus l. (red root pigweed), chenopodium album l. (lamb's-quarters), beta vulgaris l. (sugar beet), halogeton glomeratus m. bieb. (halogeton), and rheum rhabarbarum l. (rhubarb). several species with low oxalate content are also examined.when l-[1-(14)c]ascorbic acid is supplied to young seedlings of ...	1978	16660342
effects of irradiance on relative growth rates, net assimilation rates, and leaf area partitioning in cotton and three associated weeds.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. var. ;stoneville 213'), velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medic.), redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.), and hemp sesbania (sesbania exaltata [raf.] cory) were grown in a controlled environment room at 31/25 c day/night temperature and three irradiances: 90, 320, and 750 mueinsteins meter(-2) second(-1). from total dry weights and leaf areas determined at intervals during the first exponential phase of growth, we used mathematical growth analysis techniques to ...	1978	16660454
effects of temperature, water potential, and light on germination responses of redroot pigweed seeds to ethylene.	the responses of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds to nine ethylene concentrations between 0.5 and 50 microliters per liter were assessed at different temperatures and water potentials and in either continuous white light or darkness. under all experimental treatments, the probit-transformed percentages increased linearly with the log of the ethylene concentration. in dormant seeds, the slope of the response line was unaffected by either light or water potential but increased wit ...	1980	16661350
phase-sequence of redroot pigweed seed germination responses to ethylene and other stimuli.	phase-sequence studies showed that light, ethylene, and high temperature each enhanced germination of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds when given during the first 24 hours of seed imbibition. responses were maximal during the first 12 hours. after 48 hours all three stimuli given together caused 75% germination but each alone was ineffective. the main influence of water potential on seed germination occurred at about 24 hours, but the influence of co(2) extended into the second ...	1981	16661865
lipid composition of chloroplast membranes from weed biotypes differentially sensitive to triazine herbicides.	chloroplasts were isolated from triazine-sensitive and triazine-resistant biotypes of common groundsel (senecio vulgaris l.), common lambsquarter (chenopodium album l.), and redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.). chloroplast lipids were extracted and analyzed for differences among sensitive and resistant biotypes. the distribution of lipid between major lipid classes differed in chloroplasts from resistant and susceptible biotypes. chloroplasts from resistant biotypes contained higher prop ...	1981	16661961
determination of nad malic enzyme in leaves of c(4) plants : effects of malate dehydrogenase and other factors.	malate dehydrogenase may interfere with the assay of nad malic enzyme, as nadh is formed during the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. during the present study, two additional effects of malate dehydrogenase were investigated; they are evident only if the malate dehydrogenase reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium prior to initiating the malic enzyme reaction. one of these (outlaw, manchester 1980 plant physiol 65: 1136-1138) might cause an underestimation of nad reduction by malic enzyme d ...	1982	16662234
the nitrogen use efficiency of c(3) and c(4) plants: i. leaf nitrogen, growth, and biomass partitioning in chenopodium album (l.) and amaranthus retroflexus (l.).	the effect of applied nitrogen (n) on the growth, leaf expansion rate, biomass partitioning and leaf n levels of chenopodium album (c(3)) and amaranthus retroflexus (c(4)) were investigated. at a given applied n level, c. album had 50% greater leaf n per unit area (n(a)) than a. retroflexus. nitrate accumulated at lower n(a) in a. retroflexus than c. album. a. retroflexus was more productive than c. album at high n, but c. album was more productive at low n. at high applied n, nitrogen use effic ...	1987	16665550
the nitrogen use efficiency of c(3) and c(4) plants: ii. leaf nitrogen effects on the gas exchange characteristics of chenopodium album (l.) and amaranthus retroflexus (l.).	the effect of leaf nitrogen (n) on the photosynthetic capacity and the light and temperature response of photosynthesis was studied in the ecologically similar annuals chenopodium album (c(3)) and amaranthus retroflexus (c(4)). photosynthesis was linearly dependent on leaf n per unit area (n(a)) in both species. a. retroflexus exhibited a greater dependence of photosynthesis on n(a) than c. album and at any given n(a), it had a greater light saturated photosynthesis rate than c. album. the diffe ...	1987	16665551
the nitrogen use efficiency of c(3) and c(4) plants : iii. leaf nitrogen effects on the activity of carboxylating enzymes in chenopodium album (l.) and amaranthus retroflexus (l.).	the relationships between leaf nitrogen content per unit area (n(a)) and (a) the initial slope of the photosynthetic co(2) response curve, (b) activity and amount of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), and (c) chlorophyll content were studied in the ecologically similar weeds chenopodium album (c(3)) and amaranthus retroflexus (c(4)). in both species, all parameters were linearly dependent upon leaf n(a). the dependence of the ini ...	1987	16665701
role of ethylene metabolism in amaranthus retroflexus.	(14)c-ethylene was metabolized by etiolated pigweed seedlings (amaranthus retroflexus l.) in the manner similar to that observed in other plants. the hormone was oxidized to (14)co(2) and incorporated into (14)c-tissue components. selected cyclic olefins with differing abilities to block ethylene action were used to determine if ethylene metabolism in pigweed is necessary for ethylene action. 2,5-norbornadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene were effective inhibitors of ethylene action at 800 and 6400 mi ...	1989	16666717
design and syntheses of novel phthalazin-1(2h)-one derivatives as acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitors.	a series of 2-substituted-8-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)-4-methylphthalazin-1-one derivatives, 7a-7w, were designed via an ortho-substituent cyclization strategy to discover a new herbicidal lead structure. these compounds were synthesized by a seven-step route using 3-hydroxy-acetophenone as a starting material. determination of the ki values against wild-type a. thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas) (ec 4.1.3.18) indicated that some of the compounds displayed good enzyme inhibition act ...	2006	17117801
water stress and nitrogen limitation effects on corn (zea mays l.) competition with a c3 and a c4 weed.	to examine how drought and nitrogen limitation might affect crop competitive ability with c3 or c4 weeds, a two year experiment was conducted at the research field of plant pest and disease research institute, karaj, in 2002 and 2003. irrigation interval (every 7d and 14d (moderate drought stress)), nitrogen rate (recommended and 1/4 recommended), and crop-weed competition (corn, corn-common lambsquarters (chenopodium album l.), corn-redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.), and corn-common l ...	2006	17390817
interference of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) in green bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.).	several species of amaranthus are known to reduce crop yields and interference with harvest throughout the iran. in the past few years, the occurrence of some amaranthus species including of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) increased throughout the east azerbaijan province in iran, supplanting all the other amaranthus species in large areas of the region and causing concern among farmers and researchers. green bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) is one of the tropical pulse crops, that c4 we ...	2006	17390819
inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth.	monoterpenes, the chemical constituents of essential oils found in plants, are known biologically active compounds. the present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of 30 monoterpenes including monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth of amaranthus retroflexus, chenopodium album and rumex crispus under laboratory conditions. the monoterpenes were applied at contents of 10 and 20 microl for liquid compounds and 10 and 20 mic ...	2015	17542486
experimental transmission of pospiviroid populations to weed species characteristic of potato and hop fields.	weed plants characteristic for potato and hop fields have not been considered in the past as potential hosts that could transmit and lead to spreading of potato spindle tuber (pstvd) and hop stunt (hsvd) viroids, respectively. to gain insight into this problem, we biolistically inoculated these weed plants with viroid populations either as rna or as cdna. new potential viroid host species, collected in central europe, were discovered. from 12 weed species characteristic for potato fields, high v ...	2007	17715233
effect of kinetin on formation of red pigment in seedlings of amaranthus retroflexus.	kinetin induces formation of red pigment in seedlings of amaranthus retroflexus in the dark. this effect is similar to the light-induced formation of pigment. light and kinetin do not act in a simple additive way. the pigment is not an anthocyanin, and its formation is not affected by inhibitors of anthocyanin formation.	1960	17745680
role of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and its secondary hosts in plum pox virus propagation.	plum pox virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, ppv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of plants in the genus prunus, particularly prunus persica l. the role of the myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) as a vector of ppv-m, and its role in spreading ppv-m, was investigated. ppv-m-infected peach trees were used as inoculum sources, and transmission to 15 herbaceous species commonly present in and around peach orchards was evaluated. the presence of ppv-m in secondary hos ...	2007	17849850
synthesis and physiological activity of ureas and amides with carvone residues.	the synthesis and herbicidal activity of ureas and amides with carvone residues were examined. (s)-(+)-(1) and (r)-(-)-carvone(2) were converted to the respectively, primary amines(3) and (4) by oximation and reduction with lialh(4). primary amine derivatives were further converted into the urea and amide compounds (3a) approximately (3e) and (4a) approximately (4e). the herbicidal activity of products (3a) approximately (3e) and (4a) approximately (4e) towards weeds found in a paddy field and f ...	2007	17898496
pyrimidinyl-substituted amides and thioureas: syntheses, crystal structure and herbicidal activities.	the high herbicidal activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine and 2h-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives suggested the development of new fused heterocyclic compounds for application as herbicides.	2008	18080290
phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants.	the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ...	2008	18205060
potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi, and nematodes.	the phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of olive mill wastes have been widely investigated and demonstrated over the past decade. however, their potential utilization as biodegradable pesticides against plant pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, a series of laboratory bioassays was designed to test the inhibitory effects of sterile water extracts of two-phase olive mill waste (tpomw) and tpomw composts with different degrees of stabilization on several different plant pathoge ...	2008	18471866
antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from turkish origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene.	the chemical composition of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of origanum acutidens was analyzed by gc-ms. carvacrol (87.0%), p-cymene (2.0%), linalool acetate (1.7%), borneol (1.6%) and beta-caryophyllene (1.3%) were found to be as main constituents. antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities of the oil and its aromatic monoterpene constituents, carvacrol, p-cymene and thymol were also determined. the antifungal assays showed that o. acutidens oil, carvac ...	2008	18513954
physiological and growth responses of c3 and c4 plants to reduced temperature when grown at low co2 of the last ice age.	during the last ice age, co2 concentration ([co2]) was 180-200 micromol/mol compared with the modern value of 380 micromol/mol, and global temperatures were approximately 8 degrees c cooler. relatively little is known about the responses of c3 and c4 species to long-term exposure to glacial conditions. here abutilon theophrasti medik. (c3) and amaranthus retroflexus l. (c4) were grown at 200 micromol/mol co2 with current (30/24 degrees c) and glacial (22/16 degrees c) temperatures for 22 d. over ...	2008	19017126
allelopathic potential of trifolium resupinatum and t. alexandrium on seed germination of four weed species.	laboratory studies were conducted to determine the seed germination of amaranthus retroflexus, convolvulus arvensis, secale cereale and sinapis arvensis as affected by water-and methanol-soluble constituents of persian and berseem clovers. aboveground tissues of the clovers were collected during flowering stage and dried. three concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts were used: full-strength (33.3 g l(-1)), half-strength (16.7 g l(-1)) and quarter-strength (8.3 g l(-1)). the weed seeds ...	2007	19070068
allelopathic effects of medicago sativa l. and vicia cracca l. leaf and root extracts on weeds.	in this study, the allelopathic potential of different concentration (5, 25 and 50%) of m. sativa and v. cracca leaf and root extracts were evaluated on germination and radicle length of four weed species (amaranthus retroflexus l., lolium perenne l., ipomoea hederacea l. and portulaca oleracea l.) in laboratory condition. as a result, germination and radicle length of all species were reduced by the extract from m. sativa and v. cracca leaf and root at different percentage. increasing the water ...	2007	19086510
study on the role of common weeds in survival of verticillium dahliae the causal agent of cotton wilt disease.	this study was carried out to investigate the roles of common weeds in the survival of verticillium dahliae and the incidence of cotton wilt disease in moghan and neishabour area of iran during 2003-2005 cropping seasons. the design of the experiment was randomized complete blocks (rcb) with ten treatments (no. of weeds) and four replications (no. of cotton fields). populations of v. dahliae in the roots of weeds and their surrounding soil was determined every year and were compared in different ...	2007	19090252
screening for soil streptomycetes from north jordan that can produce herbicidal compounds.	a total of 231 different soil streptomyces isolates were recovered from 16 different locations in north jordan. they were assessed for their phytotoxic activity on seeds of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) placed adjacent to a 2 cm wide streptomyces culture strips grown at 28c degrees for 3 weeks on starch casein nitrate (scn) agar. phytotoxicity was ascertained on the basis of suppressed seed germination, discoloration of the root tip, reduced root and the shoot gr ...	2008	19275043
host suitability of 32 common weeds to meloidogyne hapla in organic soils of southwestern quebec.	thirty-two weeds commonly found in the organic soils of southwestern quebec were evaluated for host suitability to a local isolate of the northern root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla under greenhouse conditions. galls were observed on the roots of 21 species. sixteen of the 21 had a reproduction factor (pf/pi = final number of m. hapla eggs and juveniles per initial number of m. hapla juveniles per pot) higher than carrot (pf/pi = 0.37), the major host crop in this agricultural area. tomato cv. ...	1996	19277189
phytoremediation of heavy-metal-polluted soils: screening for new accumulator plants in angouran mine (iran) and evaluation of removal ability.	heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem. phytoremediation is an effective and low-cost interesting technology. this study was conducted in a dried waste pool of a lead and zinc mine in angouran (iran) to find accumulator plant(s). concentrations of heavy metals were determined both in the soil and the plants that were grown in the mine and out of mine. the concentration of total cu, fe, zn, pb and ni in the mine area were higher than the control soil. the results showed that five dominant v ...	2009	19386362
synthesis, herbicidal activities and comparative molecular field analysis study of some novel triazolinone derivatives.	a series of novel triazolinones were synthesized and their structures were characterized by (1)h nmr, elemental analysis and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. the herbicidal activities were evaluated against echinochloa crusgalli (l.) beauv., digitaria adscendens, brassica napus and amaranthus retroflexus. the herbicidal activity data indicated that the title compounds had higher activities with substituted benzyl group moieties than with other groups such as sulfonyl, alkyl, etc. to fu ...	2009	19635060
[occurrence and performance of euschistus heros (f.) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on alternative host plants in rio grande do sul state, brazil].	the neotropical brown stink bug euschistus heros (f.) can reach high densities in some soybean areas in brazil. besides soybean, it also feeds on other plants, but little is known on the alternative hosts of e. heros in rio grande do sul state. in this study, wild non-cultivated hosts of e. heros at norwest of rio grande do sul state were determined, and the e. heros performance was compared when fed on soybean and on wild hosts. bugs were sought in plants located inside and on the edge of soybe ...	2009	19768262
phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted soils: application of polygonum aviculare and its root-associated (penetrated) fungal strains for bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils.	petroleum-polluted soils are a common disaster in many countries. bioremediation of oil contamination in soils is based on the stimulation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-degrading fungal and microbial communities. a field study was conducted in a petroleum-contaminated site to find petroleum-resistant plants and their root-associated fungal strains for use in bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils. results and observations showed that the amounts of petroleum pollution in nonvegetated soils were s ...	2010	19932506
syntheses and herbicidal activity of new triazolopyrimidine-2-sulfonamides as acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitor.	the triazolopyrimidine-2-sulfonanilide, discovered from preparing bioisosteres of the sulfonylurea herbicides, is an important class of acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas, ec 4.1.3.18) inhibitors. at least over ten triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilides have been commercialized as herbicides for the control of broadleaf weeds and grass with cereal crop selectivity. herein, a series of triazolopyrimidine-2-sulfonanilides were designed and synthesized with the aim of discovery of new herbicides with highe ...	2010	20598554
immunochemical characterization of amaranthus retroflexus pollen extract: extensive cross-reactive allergenic components among the four species of amaranthaceae/chenopodiaceae.	the importance of amaranthus retroflexus pollen in causing respiratory allergy has been well ascertained in many countries including iran with a high positive rate (69%) among iranian allergic patients. the aim of the present study is to identify the allergenic properties of a. retroflexus pollen. sixteen patients with allergy to a. retroflexus pollen were selected for the study. the antigenic and allergenic profiles of the a. retroflexus pollen extract as well as pollen extracts from other spec ...	2010	20683102
plant uptake of depleted uranium from manure-amended and citrate treated soil.	six plant species were tested for their ability to accumulate depleted uranium in their above-ground biomass from deployed munitions contaminated soil in new mexico. in greenhouse experiments, kochia (kochia scoparia l. schrad.) and pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l) were grown with steer manure added at rates of 22.4, 44.8, and 89.6 mg ha(-1). citric acid and glyphosate (n-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) applied at the end of the growing season increased du concentrations from 2.5 to 17 times. leaf ...	2010	21166280
identification of a new allergen from amaranthus retroflexus pollen, ama r 2.	background: pollinosis from amaranthus retroflexus pollen is a common cause of respiratory allergy in iran with a high positive rate (68.8%) among iranian allergic patients. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the allergenicity of the a. retroflexus pollen profilin. methods: using sera from twelve patients allergic to a. retroflexus pollen, ige-binding proteins from the a. retroflexus pollen extract was identified by immunoblotting. the cdna of a. retroflexus pollen profilin was amplifi ...	2011	21430432
assessment of effects of the rising atmospheric nitrogen deposition on nitrogen uptake and long-term water-use efficiency of plants using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes.	this study assesses the effects of the atmospheric nitrogen (n) deposition on the n uptake and the long-term water-use efficiency of two c(3) plants (agropyron cristatum and leymus chinensis) and two c(4) plants (amaranthus retroflexus and setaria viridis) using n and c stable isotopes. in addition, this study explores the potential correlation between leaf n isotope (δ(15) n) values and leaf c isotope (δ(13) c) values. this experiment shows that the atmospheric n deposition has significant effe ...	2011	21638358
anticomplement activity of organic solvent extracts from korea local amarantaceae spp.	the study evaluated the anticomplement activity from various solvent extracts of nine amarantaceae plants (achyranthes japonica (miq.) nakai, amaranthus mangostanus l., amaranthus retroflexus l., amaranthus spinosus l., celosia argentea var. spicata., amaranthus lividus l., celosia cristata l., amaranthus viridis l., gomphrena globosa l.) from south korea on the classical pathway. we have evaluated various organic solvent extract from nine amarantaceae plants with regard to its anticomplement ac ...	2012	21736535
[effects of exogenous lead on the growth and lead accumulation characteristics of roadside dominant herbaceous plants in shanxi province].	a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentration (0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg x kg(-1)) lead (pb) on the growth and pb absorption and accumulation of 14 roadside dominant herbaceous plants in shanxi province. with increasing pb concentration in the pot, amaranthus retroflexus and sorghum bicolor x s. sudanese appeared obviously toxic symptoms, while the other 12 test plants had higher pb tolerance, with no significant decrease in their plant height and biomass, ...	2011	22097358
boa detoxification of four summer weeds during germination and seedling growth.	a recent greenhouse study revealed a significant reduction of germination and growth of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) and common purslane (portulaca oleracea) by rye mulch, whereas velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti) and common lambsquarters (chenopodium album) were not suppressed. since boa detoxification by metabolic alteration may influence the relation between the benzoxazinoid content of the soil mulch and weed suppression, we tested the dynamics in boa detoxification in different ...	2012	22614450
effect of pre-planting irrigation, maize planting pattern and nitrogen on weed seed bank population.	pre-planting irrigation and planting patterns are important factors in weed management that effect on seed bank. additionally, the nitrogen is the most important factor in plant growth that affects weed-crop competition and ultimately, seed rain into the soil. a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen application rates, pre-planting irrigation and maize planting patterns on weed seed bank population. experimental factors were nitrogen rates at 4 levels (200, 300, 400 and 5 ...	2011	22696965
analysis of gene sequences indicates that quantity not quality of chloroplast small hsps improves thermotolerance in c4 and cam plants.	chloroplast-localized small heat-shock proteins (cp-shsp) protect photosystem ii and thylakoid membranes during heat and other stresses, and cp-shsp production levels are related to plant thermotolerance. however, to date, a paucity of cp-shsp sequences from c4 or cam species, or from other extremely heat-tolerant species, has precluded an examination to determine if cp-shsp genes or proteins might differ among plants with photosynthetic pathways or between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant speci ...	2012	22797908
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-one.	a series of 2-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)alkyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-ones iia-s were designed and synthesized on the basis of the previous work for the modification of alkylphosphonates i, and their structures were confirmed by (1)h nmr, (31)p nmr, (13)c nmr, ir, ms, and elemental analysis. their herbicidal activities against seven species of weeds were evaluated in a greenhouse. a part of the title compounds such as iia-g, iik, iio, and iir exhibited significant postemergence he ...	2012	22816730
[herbicide activity of some micromycetes].	screening of phytotoxic properties of 5 micromycete strains were made concerning cultivated plants and weeds. all of the strains show phytotoxic activity of different levels. in particular, the cultural filtrates of penicillium sp. 10-51 and aspergillus niveus 2411 suppressed the growth of seeds of galinsoga parviflora, amaranthus retroflexus and capsella bursa pastoris. the cultural filtrate of ulocladium consortiale 960 suppressed the growth of panicum capillare and setaria viridis. the greate ...	2015	22830196
can soil seed banks serve as genetic memory? a study of three species with contrasting life history strategies.	we attempted to confirm that seed banks can be viewed as an important genetic reservoir by testing the hypothesis that standing (aboveground) plants represent a nonrandom sample of the seed bank. we sampled multilocus allozyme genotypes from three species with different life history strategies: amaranthus retroflexus, carduus acanthoides, pastinaca sativa. in four populations of each species we analysed the extent to which allele and genotype frequencies vary in consecutive life history stages i ...	2012	23185340
phytotoxic activity of foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi.	foliar volatiles and essential oils of calamintha nepeta (l.) savi, a mediterranean plant species belonging to the labiatae family, were investigated for their phytotoxic activities on seed germination and root growth of crops (lactuca sativa l. and raphanus sativus l.) and weed species (lolium perenne l. and amaranthus retroflexus l.). foliar volatiles of c. nepeta (l.) savi strongly inhibited both germination and root growth of lettuce, and its essential oils, especially at 125, 250 and 500 μl ...	2013	23216166
phytotoxical effect of lepidium draba l. extracts on the germination and growth of monocot (zea mays l.) and dicot (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds.	laboratory experiments were performed to determine phytotoxic potentials of white top (lepidium draba) methanol extracts (root, stem and leaf) on germination and early growth of corn (zea mays) and redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus). furthermore, the effects of different methanol extracts of l. draba on the phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), gibberellic acid (ga), abscisic acid (aba) and zeatin) levels of corn and redroot pigweed were investigated. it was observed that all concentra ...	2015	23293131
susceptibility of several common subtropical weeds to meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica.	experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to assess root galling and egg production of three root-knot nematode species, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica, on several weeds common to florida agricultural land. weeds evaluated were amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge), eleusine indica (goosegrass), portulaca oleracea (common purslane), and solanum americanum (american black nightshade). additionally, although it is recommended as a co ...	2012	23482324
characteristics of chloroplast thylakoid lipid composition associated with resistance to triazine herbicides.	a detailed comparison of the polar-lipid composition of chloroplast thylakoid membranes isolated from triazine-susceptible and triazine-resistant biotypes of chenopodium album, senecio vulgaris, poa annua and amaranthus retroflexus has been carried out. no major differences in the composition of the bulk lipid matrix were found except for a slightly higher monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol ratio in resistant compared with susceptible biotypes. there was, however, in the ...	1985	24241445
phytotoxicity of sorgoleone found in grain sorghum root exudates.	root exudates ofsorghum bicolor consist primarily of a dihydroquinone that is quickly oxidized to ap-benzoquinone named sorgoleone. the aim of this investigation was to determine the potential activity of sorgoleone as an inhibitor of weed growth. bioassays showed 125μm sorgoleone reduced radicle elongation oferagrostis tef. in liquid culture, 50-μm sorgoleone treatments stunted the growth oflemna minor. over a 10-day treatment period, 10μm sorgoleone in the nutrient medium reduced the growth of ...	1992	24254628
studies on the leaf of amaranthus retroflexus (amaranthaceae): ultrastructure, plasmodesmatal frequency, and solute concentration in relation to phloem loading.	both the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells associated with the minor veins in the leaf of amaranthus retroflexus l. contain abundant tubular endoplasmic reticulum, which is continuous between the two cell types via numerous plasmodesmata in their common walls. in bundle-sheath cells, the tubular endoplasmic reticulum forms an extensive network that permeates the cytoplasm, and is closely associated, if not continuous, with the delimiting membranes of the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and microbodi ...	1982	24271968
role of benzoxazinones in allelopathy by rye (secale cereale l.).	two phytotoxic compounds [2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa)] were previously isolated and identified in 35-day-old greenhouse-grown rye shoot tissue. both compounds were also detected by tlc in greenhouse-grown root and fieldgrown shoot tissue. the concentration of diboa varied in the tissues, with the greatest quantity detected in greenhouse-grown shoots. diboa and boa were compared with β-phenyllactic acid (pla) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (hba) for a ...	1987	24302054
synthesis and evaluation of heterocyclic analogues of bromoxynil.	one attractive strategy to discover more active and/or crop-selective herbicides is to make structural changes to currently registered compounds. this strategy is especially appealing for those compounds with limited herbicide resistance and whose chemistry is accompanied with transgenic tools to enable herbicide tolerance in crop plants. bromoxynil is a photosystem ii (psii) inhibitor registered for control of broadleaf weeds in several agronomic and specialty crops. recently at the university ...	2014	24354444
growth analysis of corn and soybean response to allelopathic effects of weed residues at various temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux densities.	the effects of redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) and yellow foxtail [setariaglauca (l.) beauv.] residues on corn (zea mays l.) and soybeans [glycine max (l.) merr.] were evaluated at various temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux densities (ppfd) in a biotron. mathematical growth analysis techniques were used for the evaluation. redroot pigweed markedly reduced leaf area duration (lad), leaf weight ratio (lwr), and total dry matter production in both crops. yellow foxtail residue ...	1983	24407817
a kinetic analysis of the facultative photoperiodic response in amaranthus retroflexus l.	the ontogenetic change taking place in the facultative photoperiodic response of a. retroflexus to inductive short-day (sd) conditions was studied by exposing plants to continuous induction after different initial exposures to long-days (ld), and comparing the kinetics of their developmental responses (cumulative number of plants with reproductive apices, flowering stage, and height of the apical dome). as the plants progressed from emergence to "autonomous" flowering (i.e., in non-inductive con ...	1977	24420220
the facultative photoperiodic response in the reproductive development of amaranthus retroflexus l.: changes in the dose response during ontogeny.	the first inductive (short-day; sd) cycle advanced the initiation of reproductive development, while additional sd cycles progressively reduced the lag phase between the start of induction and initiation. the sensitivity to sd increased during ontogeny in long-days (ld) until even the requirement for the first sd cycle disappeared at the onset of "autonomous" flowering. in photo-induced plants, the postinitiation rate of elongation of the apex was accelerated as the sd dose was increased, but wa ...	1977	24420629
effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in c3 and c 4 plants.	the effects of root applications of gibberellic acid (ga3) on growth and photosynthesis of 12 species of plants including c3 monocots (triticum aestivum l., wheat, hordeum vulgare l., barley and avena sativa l., oat), c3 dicots (vigna radiata l., mung bean, cucurbita moschata l., squash and capsicum annuum l., pepper), c4 monocots (zea mays l., corn, sorghum vulgare l., sorghum and panicum ramosum l., millet) and c4 dicots (amaranthus retroflexus l., pigweed, kochia scoparis l., kochia and gomph ...	1985	24442874
[effect of decimeter polarized electromagnetic radiation on germinating capacity of seeds].	the effect of a polarization structure of electromagnetic radiation on the germinating capacity of seeds of such weeds as green foxtail (setaria viridis) and green amaranth (amaranthus retroflexus) has been studied. seeds have been exposed to impulse electromagnetic radiation in a frequency of 896 mhz with linear, elliptical right-handed and elliptical left-handed polarizations at different power flux density levels. it is determined that the effect of the right-handed polarized electromagnetic ...	2014	24455890
effectiveness of phytoremediation technologies to clean up of metalloids using three plant species in iran.	phytoremediation is a potential, innovative, and cost-effective technology for non-destructive remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. a field trial was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiencies of three plants and the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) or ammonium addition [(nh4)2so4 and nh4no3] for assisting removal of heavy metals (pb, hg, and cd) from contaminated soil. the tested plants include amaranthus retroflexus, sorghum bicolor, and lolium perrene. ...	2014	24617109
synthesis, crystal structure, herbicidal activities and 3d-qsar study of some novel 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives.	1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives represent a new series of compounds that possess good herbicidal activity against echinochloa crusgalli (l.) beauv., setaria faberii, digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop., brassica juncea coss., amaranthus retroflexus l. and eclipta prostrata l.	2015	24753294