Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| allergic contact dermatitis from cardamom. | a case is presented of a confectioner with a chronic hand dermatitis and positive patch test reactions to cardamom and certain terpenoid compounds present in the dried ripe seeds of cardamom. cardamom is a popular traditional flavouring agent for baked goods and confectionery. dermatitis from skin exposure to cardamom has to the best of our knowledge not been reported. we report one case of allergic contact dermatitis to cardamom elicited by terpenes present in the seeds. | 1975 | 138507 |
| the analysis of essential oils and extracts (oleoresins) from seasonings--a critical review. | a critical review of the analytical methods employed for the determination of the relevant components of seasonings is presented. where the available methods were inadequate, new ones have been devised. particular emphasis has been placed on those methods of analysis that provide a rapid and sufficiently accurate appraisal of seasoning extracts and essential oils from seasonings under routine control laboratory conditions. at the same time, the margin of error of these methods has been determine ... | 1977 | 336288 |
| collaborative study of a modified method for the extraction of light filth from ground white pepper, cardamon, celery seed, coriander, and ginger. | an improved method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from 5 ground spices, ginger, white pepper, coriander, celery seed, and cardamom. the method, a modification of 44.120, utilizes a cold isopropanol defatting, followed by wet sieving and flotation of light filth from 40% isopropanol with hcl and mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15). collaborative results show that the proposed method is more rapid to perform than the present official first action methods, 44.116 and 44.120, and yie ... | 1977 | 833084 |
| symptoms in spice workers. | spices are widely used for flavouring food and are mostly grown in the tropics. twenty-eight workers in a store processing cloves, pepper, nutmeg, mace and cardamom for export were studied. they were exposed to the dust of these products for short periods, in rotation. seventy-six per cent of the workers experienced symptoms such as smarting of the nostrils and eyes, cough, sneezing and running nose while handling cloves. similar symptoms occurred less frequently with pepper (44%). these symptom ... | 1992 | 1560483 |
| evaluation of a microbiological method for detection of irradiation of spices. | the suitability of a microbiological method, a combination of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (deft) and the total aerobic plate count (apc), for the detection of irradiation of spices was evaluated. the evaluation was carried out using different kinds of spices including peppers, paprika, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger; herbs such as thyme, marjoram, basil, and oregano; and garlic powder. ground spices were tested as well as cut and whole spice samples. samples were analysed before and a ... | 1991 | 2038893 |
| cytogenetic studies reveal increased genomic damage among 'pan masala' consumers. | pan masala (pm), a dried powdered mixture containing ingredients like areca nut, catechu, lime, cardamom and flavouring agents, is consumed abundantly by indians and is also exported to western countries. pan masala with tobacco (pm-t) is also available on the market. in view of the role of the ingredients of pm in the causation of oral diseases, the possible harmful effects of consuming this complex mixture were analysed in individuals regularly consuming pm and among healthy non-consuming cont ... | 1991 | 2056918 |
| contact and systemic contact-type dermatitis to spices. | contact and systemic contact-type dermatitis reactions to spices such as nutmeg, mace, cardamom, curry, cinnamon, and laurel may be rare but may well be overlooked. in our experience, patch testing with these spices "as is" is very useful; if there is a positive reaction, testing with dilutions is helpful. scratch-chamber testing often leads to false-positive irritant reactions. as hjorth and niinimäki have pointed out, a positive test to balsam of peru may indicate a spice allergy, but the abse ... | 1990 | 2137403 |
| essential oils and their constituents. 28. examination of oil of cardamom by gas chromatography. | 1965 | 5847014 | |
| [number of stonecells per sq. mm. of the sclerenchymatous layer of elettaria cardamomum. an analysis of the results of the measurement of the complex by quantitative microscopy]. | 1966 | 5915788 | |
| [gas chromatographic investigation of cardamom types]. | 1966 | 5915790 | |
| cardamom--production, technology, chemistry, and quality. | cardamom, elettaria cardamomum maton var. miniscula burkill (fam. zingiberaceae) known as true or lesser cardamom is the widely cultivated variety and important in the world trade. it occupies a high second or third place in world trade, being a high priced spice. it belongs to the sweet spices group and is used predominantly to flavor sweets, baked goods, and coffee, particularly in the arab countries. this monograph critically reviews the post-harvest handling and processing and the chemistry ... | 1982 | 7039980 |
| inhibition of tobacco-induced mutagenesis by eugenol and plant extracts. | inhibitory effects of eugenol, a compound present in many spices such as cloves, cardamom etc. and the extracts of anacyclus pyrethrum and spilanthes calva which are traditionally used in india during the preparation of chewable tobacco, on tobacco-induced mutagenesis were evaluated using ames salmonella/microsome assay. eugenol significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) tobacco-induced mutagenicity at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/plate. anacyclus pyrethrum extract (1 mg/plate) produced 74.33% inhibi ... | 1995 | 7753104 |
| modulatory effects of essential oils from spices on the formation of dna adduct by aflatoxin b1 in vitro. | essential oils from common spices such as nutmeg, ginger, cardamom, celery, xanthoxylum, black pepper, cumin, and coriander were tested for their ability to suppress the formation of dna adducts by aflatoxin b1 in vitro in a microsomal enzyme-mediated reaction. all oils were found to inhibit adduct formation very significantly and in a dose-dependent manner. the adduct formation appeared to be modulated through the action on microsomal enzymes, because an effective inhibition on the formation of ... | 1994 | 8058527 |
| influence of certain essential oils on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and acid-soluble sulfhydryls in mouse liver. | the influence of essential oils from naturally occurring plant dietary items such as cardamom, celery seed, cumin seed, coriander, ginger, nutmeg, and zanthoxylum on the activities of hepatic carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome p450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and glutathione s-transferase) and acid-soluble sulfhydryl level was investigated in swiss albino mice. each oil was fed by gavage at 10 microliters/day for 14 days, and then the animals were sacrificed and their hepatic enzyme ... | 1994 | 8072879 |
| skin symptoms among workers in a spice factory. | workers in a swedish spice factory (n = 70), and in the office (n = 23) of the same company, were investigated by questionnaire regarding skin symptoms. in a 2nd part of the study, subjects reporting skin symptoms were examined and investigated by patch and prick testing. skin symptoms were reported by 1/2 the factory workers. pruritus and skin irritation, particularly from cinnamon powder, were common. patch test reactions to cinnamic aldehyde were found in 11/25 factory workers, but in several ... | 1993 | 8281784 |
| microbiological screening method for indication of irradiation of spices and herbs: a bcr collaborative study. | a bcr1 collaborative study was conducted with a microbiological screening method based on the combined use of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (deft) and the conventional aerobic plate count method (apc) for detection of irradiation of spices and herbs. collaborative samples of whole allspice, whole and powdered black peppers, whole white pepper, paprika powder, cut basil, cut marjoram, and crushed cardamom irradiated with doses of 0, 5, and 10 kgy were analyzed by 8 laboratories. the ... | 2008 | 8318863 |
| crude drug (zingiberaceae) enhancement of percutaneous absorption of indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo permeation. | to improve drug permeation through skin, extracts of crude drugs were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo penetration techniques with rabbit skin as a model membrane. the acetone extract of amomum cardamomum (ae-ac) and elettaria cardamomum (ae-ec) had the best effect in enhancing the penetration of indomethacin (idm). the flux of idm for the formulation containing ae-ac from ph 7.4 buffer-alcohol donor solution was 3.6 times higher than that from the 50% alcohol donor solution. in order to con ... | 1993 | 8366543 |
| inhibitory effect of spices on in vitro histamine production and histidine decarboxylase activity of morganella morganii and on the biogenic amine formation in mackerel stored at 30 degrees c. | the inhibitory effects of clove, cinnamon, cardamom, turmeric and pepper on the histamine production and histidine decarboxylase activity of morganella morganii (a potent histamine-producing bacteria in fish) was examined at 30 degrees c using hplc. cinnamon and clove exhibited a significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory effect, whereas turmeric and cardamom had a moderate effect. these spices were applied to whole mackerel at a level of 3% and their inhibitory effect on biogenic amine formation at 30 d ... | 1996 | 8765991 |
| pharmacological studies of cardamom oil in animals. | cardamom seeds are widely used for flavouring purposes in food and as carminative. little information has been reported on their pharmacological and toxicological properties or, for their volatile oil which constitutes about 5% of the seed's total weight. a comparative study of the anti-inflammatory activity of the oil extracted from commercial elettaria cardamomum seeds, in doses of 175 and 280 microliters/kg and indomethacin in a dose of 30 mg/kg against acute carrageenan-induced planter oedem ... | 1996 | 8981560 |
| in vivo antigenotoxic effects of dietary agents and beverages co-administered with urethane: assessment of the role of glutathione s-transferase activity. | antigenotoxic effects and changes in glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity were assessed in mice after oral co-administration of urethane (ure) with aqueous extracts of dietary vegetables (carrot, spinach and cabbage), spices (cinnamon, pepper, cumin, clove and cardamom), tea and coffee. the results of the genotoxicity assay (micronucleus test) demonstrated dose-related antigenotoxic effects after ure was co-administered with aqueous extracts of vegetables, spices, tea and coffee. inhibition ... | 1998 | 9639686 |
| protection from pan masala induced genomic damage by beta-carotene and retinoic acid--an in vitro experience. | cytogenetic studies in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using aqueous and organic extracts of pan masalas, as well as genomic damage observed among pan masala consumers have conclusively shown genotoxic potential of pan masala-a dry complex mixture of areca nut, lime, catechu, cardamom, unspecified flavoring agent, etc., often containing tobacco in it. tobacco and areca nut, major ingredients of pan masala, are closely associated with oral cancer. the most widely studied group of compounds in t ... | 1998 | 9717530 |
| transdermal iontophoretic delivery of diclofenac sodium from various polymer formulations: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo transdermal iontophoresis of various diclofenac sodium polymer formulations. the excised rat skin, human skin as well as cellulose membrane were used to examine the in vitro drug permeation whereas the microdialysis technique was used to monitor the drug concentration in vivo. polymer solutions based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc) binary system showed higher drug permeability than that of ... | 1999 | 10205628 |
| cyclic monoterpene extract from cardamom oil as a skin permeation enhancer for indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the in vitro and in vivo effect of pretreatment by cardamom oil, a crude drug extract, in ethanol/water vehicles on the transdermal delivery of indomethacin was investigated. the cyclic monoterpene components in cardamom oil were also determined and quantified in this study. the permeation of indomethacin was significantly enhanced after pretreatment of cardamom oil both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. the result of various pre-treatment periods showed that the indomethacin flux decreased a ... | 1999 | 10408241 |
| alteration of perceived fragrance of essential oils in relation to type of work: a simple screening test for efficacy of aroma. | the perceptional change of fragrance of essential oils is described in relation to type of work, i.e. mental work, physical work and hearing environmental (natural) sounds. the essential oils examined in this study were ylang ylang, orange, geranium, cypress, bergamot, spearmint and juniper. in evaluating change in perception of a given aroma, a sensory test was employed in which the perception of fragrance was assessed by 13 contrasting pairs of adjectives. scores were recorded after inhaling a ... | 1999 | 10480677 |
| knowledge of consumers regarding the nature and extent of adulteration of indian foods. | the present study was carried out on 60 women consumers selected from three different localities of hisar city in india to study their knowledge regarding adulteration and detecting adulterants in commonly used food items. the post exposure correct responses of the respondents increased remarkably as 100.0 percent of the respondents gave correct responses regarding statements on adulteration of spices and condiments, the most common adulterated food item and to when and whom they could approach ... | 1999 | 10561864 |
| anti-oxidant effects of cinnamon (cinnamomum verum) bark and greater cardamom (amomum subulatum) seeds in rats fed high fat diet. | in order to gain insight into the antioxidant effect of cinnamon (cinnamomum verum; lauraceae) and cardamom (amomum subulatum; zingiberaceae) hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (gsh) content and lipid conjugated dienes were studied in rats fed high fat diet along with cinnamon or cardamom. the antioxidant enzyme activities were found to be significantly enhanced whereas gsh content was markedly restored in rats fed a fat diet with spices. in addition, these spices partially cou ... | 1999 | 10641152 |
| influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. | the effect of spices on gastric acid secretion is variable. their mechanism of action is also not well established. | 2000 | 10812814 |
| passive and iontophoretic delivery of three diclofenac salts across various skin types. | the in vitro permeation of three diclofenac salts--diclofenac sodium (dfs), diclofenac potassium (dfp) and diclofenac diethylammonium (dfd)-across skin by both passive and iontophoretic transport were investigated. various skin types were used as the barriers to elucidate the mechanism controlling transdermal delivery of diclofenac salts. the importance of the intercellular (paracellular) route for both dfs and dfp in passive permeation was elucidated. the transfollicular route constitutes an im ... | 2000 | 11085366 |
| preservation of alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil by herbs and spices. | the ability of some commercially available herb and spice extracts to preserve alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil during heating at 85-105 degrees c was assessed using sunflower oil as a model system. the rancimat was evaluated for the heating stage and was used throughout as it was shown to be viable: alpha-tocopherol did not evaporate under the test conditions. the delay in the onset of rancidity was found to be directly related to the initial alpha-tocopherol concentration (p < 0.01). rosemary ... | 2000 | 11103298 |
| antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids in common indian foods. | to determine antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids in commonly consumed indian foods we chemically analysed 85 food-stuffs comprising of cereals, pulses, nuts, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and beverages. total phenolics were measured biochemically and flavonoids were measured as a sum of quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and pelargonidin. high flavonoid content (> 100 mg/100 gm) was present in tea, coffee, apple, guava, terminalia bark, fenugreek seeds, mustard seeds, cinnamon, red chili powder, cl ... | 1998 | 11229280 |
| evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effect of large cardamom (fruits of amomum subulatum roxb). | large cardamom (fruit of amomum subulatum roxb, n.o. zingiberaceae) commonly known as 'heel kalan' or 'bari ilaichi' is used in unani system of medicine in gastrointestinal disorders. a crude methanolic extract and its different fractions, viz. essential oil, petroleum ether (60-80 degrees ), ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions, were studied in rats for their ability to inhibit the gastric lesions induced by aspirin, ethanol and pylorus ligature. in addition their effects on wall mucus, outpu ... | 2001 | 11297839 |
| aflatoxins in spices marketed in portugal. | seventy-nine prepackaged samples of 12 different types of spice powders (five cardamom, five cayenne pepper, eight chilli, five cloves, seven cumin, five curry) powder, five ginger, five mustard, 10 nutmeg, 12 paprika, five saffron and seven white pepper) were selected from supermarkets and ethnic shops in lisbon (portugal) for estimation of aflatoxins by immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by hplc. aflatoxin b1 (afb1) was detected in 34 samples of prepackaged spices (43.0%). all of the caye ... | 2001 | 11339266 |
| soil, water and nutrient conservation in mountain farming systems: case-study from the sikkim himalaya. | the khanikhola watershed in sikkim is agrarian with about 50% area under rain-fed agriculture representing the conditions of the middle mountains all over the himalaya. the study was conducted to assess overland flow, soil loss and subsequent nutrient losses from different land uses in the watershed, and identify biotechnological inputs for management of mountain farming systems. overland flow, soil and nutrient losses were very high from open agricultural (cropped) fields compared to other land ... | 2001 | 11381770 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils from plants against selected pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. | the beneficial health effects of extracts from many types of plants that are used as seasoning agents in foods and beverages have been claimed for centuries. the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selected herb and spice essential oils for control of growth and survival of microorganisms. inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. antibiotic susceptibility discs were used as control. minimum lethal concentration (mlc) was determined by the tub ... | 2001 | 11456186 |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active compounds from greater cardamom (amomum subulatum roxb.). | constituents of the fruits of greater cardamom (amomum subulatum) were fractionated into three fractions, the dichloromethane extract, and the ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble fractions of the 70% aqueous acetone extract. the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed a high radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph). four compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, and their structures were ascribed to protocatechualdehyde (1), protocatechuic ... | 2001 | 11508709 |
| 3'-terminal sequence analysis of the rna genome of the indian isolate of cardamom mosaic virus: a new member of genus macluravirus of potyviridae. | cardamom mosaic virus, a possible member of the family potyviridae has been associated with the mosaic disease (katte disease) of small cardamom in india. a virus isolated from the symptomatic cardamom leaves was positive in elisa only with antiserum to the guatemalan isolate of cardamom mosaic virus and not with a number of other potyviruses. the size of the viral rna (8.5 kb) and the molecular weight of the coat protein (cp) (38 kda) were determined. a 1.8-kb product containing the partial nuc ... | 2001 | 11556406 |
| effect of different terpene-containing essential oils on permeation of estradiol through hairless mouse skin. | purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate six terpene-containing essential oils for their capacity to promote permeation of estradiol (es) through hairless mouse skin in vitro. tests on cajuput, cardamom, melissa, myrtle, niaouli and orange oil, all used at the 10% w/w concentration in propylene glycol (pg), evidenced niaouli oil (nia) as the best permeation promoter for es. tests on the main terpene components of nia (1,8 cineole, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol and d-limonene), evalua ... | 2002 | 11955818 |
| [influence of spiced feed additives on taste of hen's eggs]. | the effect of the spices garlic (allium sativum), extract from garlic, sage (salvia officinalis), caraway (carum carvi), peppermint (mentha piperita), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), thyme (thymus vulgaris), paprika (capsicum annuum), marjoram (majorana hortensis), cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) and sausage-mix fed to white hybrides on the quality of eggs (n = 705) was tested by 10 qualified persons. changes in smell or taste were partly significant; a direct improvement is hard to induce. a well ... | 2002 | 12058595 |
| expression of cardamom mosaic virus coat protein in escherichia coli and its assembly into filamentous aggregates. | cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv), a member of the genus macluravirus of potyviridae, causes a mosaic disease in cardamom. a polyclonal antiserum was raised against the purified virus and igg was prepared. electron microscopic studies on the purified virus showed flexuous filamentous particles of approximately 800 nm in length, typical of members of potyviridae. the coat protein (cp) encoding sequence of the virus was expressed in escherichia coli and the protein purified by affinity chromatography u ... | 2002 | 12076837 |
| performance of an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the sikkim himalaya: productivity, energetics and efficiencies. | biomass, net primary productivity, energetics and energy efficiencies were estimated in an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the eastern himalaya. the impact of stand age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years) on the performance of mixtures of n2-fixing (alnus nepalensis) and non-n2-fixing (large cardamom) plants was studied. large cardamom (amomum subulatum) is the most important perennial cash crop in the region and is cultivated predominantly under alnus trees. net primary productivity wa ... | 2002 | 12096738 |
| performance of an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the sikkim himalaya: nutrient dynamics. | nutrient cycling, nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen fixation in an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations were studied in the eastern himalaya. the impact of stand age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years) on the nutrient dynamics of mixtures of n2-fixing (alnus nepalensis) and non-n2-fixing (large cardamom) plants was assessed. foliar nutrient concentrations of alnus decreased with advancing age groups of plantations and showed an inverse relationship with stand age. annual n fixation increased ... | 2002 | 12096739 |
| detecting concentration differences in aromatic oils. | 200 university of wolverhampton undergraduates rank-ordered samples of aromatic oils commonly used in complementary medicine in terms of their concentration in the air above an oil-soaked cotton ball. each participant was assigned the task of discriminating between 5 microl, 10 microl, and 20 microl of oil absorbed onto cotton balls. 25 participants assessed each oil, and 8 oils were used. cardamom, rosemary, and ylang ylang were highly discriminable; however, discrimination of different concent ... | 2002 | 12509173 |
| role of volatile oil pretreatment and skin cholesterol on permeation of ion-paired diclofenac sodium. | this study was designed to investigate the influence of volatile oil pretreated skin on in vitro permeation from films containing ionized and dodecylamine ion-paired diclofenac sodium (ds). the involvement of skin cholesterol was investigated to determine its possible role in enhancing the permeation of ion-paired ds. cardamom oil produced the maximum (10 x) in vitro permeation enhancement for ion-paired ds. the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema reduction (up to 12 hr) by cardamom oil was compa ... | 2000 | 12561947 |
| fungi and aflatoxins associated with spices in the sultanate of oman. | one hundred and five samples of seven spices (cumin, cinnamon, clove, black pepper, cardamom, ginger, and coriander) were purchased from five popular companies in the sultanate of oman. the spices were surveyed for the mycoflora and aflatoxins. twenty fungal species were isolated in which aspergillus flavus, a. niger. penicillium, rhizopus, and syncephalastrum racemosum were the most dominant. when colony forming units per gm (cfu/gm) of fungi were compared, significant differences were found am ... | 2002 | 12617502 |
| molecular evidence that aphid-transmitted alpinia mosaic virus is a tentative member of the genus macluravirus. | alpinia mosaic virus (alpmv), once assigned to the genus potyvirus, infects primarily plants of the ginger family. to seek molecular evidence for correct classification of this virus, a cdna clone corresponding to the 3' portion of the alpmv genome was obtained by reverse transcriptase-pcr and ta cloning. the authenticity of the cdna clone was confirmed by expression of the coat protein (cp) in e. coli followed by immunoblot analysis. sequence analysis indicated that, in contrast to its low iden ... | 2003 | 12756625 |
| high genetic diversity in the coat protein and 3 untranslated regions among geographical isolates of cardamom mosaic virus from south india. | a survey was conducted to study the biological and genetic diversity of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) that causes the most widespread disease in the cardamom growing area in the western ghats of south india. six distinct subgroups were derived based on their symptomatology and host range from the sixty isolates collected. the serological variability between the virus isolates was analysed by elisa and western blotting. the 3 terminal region consisting of the coat protein (cp) coding sequence and ... | 2003 | 14517362 |
| element analysis and biological studies on ten oriental spices using xrf and ames test. | ten oriental spices were analyzed for their element composition using x-ray fluorescence (xrf): nutmeg (myristica fragrans), coriander (coriandrum sativum), safflower (carthamus tinctorius), caraway (carum carvi), sicilian sumac (rhus coriaria), aniseed (anisum vulgare), black pepper (piper nigrum), cardamom (elettaria cardamomum), cumin (cuminum cyminum) and nigella (nigella sativum). the spices were found to contain the following elements: mg, al, si, p, s, cl, k, ca, ti, mn, fe, cu and zn, wi ... | 2003 | 14531636 |
| indian food ingredients and cancer prevention - an experimental evaluation of anticarcinogenic effects of garlic in rat colon. | the major food items of indian cuisine include rice, wheat, diary products, and abundant fruits and vegetables. beside these, there are several kinds of herbs and spices as important ingredients, containing many phytochemicals with medicinal properties, adding taste to indian cuisine. an impressive body of data exists in support of the concept that indian food ingredients can be used in preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality of different types of cancers because of t ... | 2004 | 15244513 |
| evaluation of sedative and anticonvulsant activities of unmadnashak ghrita. | 'unmadnashak ghrita' (ug) is a ayurvedic formulation containing ferula narthex (6 g), gardenia gummifera (6 g), ellataria cardamom (6 g), bacopa monneri (6 g), and cow's ghee (clarified butter fat) (76 g). in the present study, neuropharmacological activities of ug were evaluated for its gross behavioural effect, pentobarbitone sleeping time, spontaneous locomotor activity, antagonism to amphetamine induced hyperlocomotor activity, analgesic activity by tail flick test, rota-rod performance (mot ... | 2004 | 15261966 |
| mysore cardamom oil. | 1950 | 15427353 | |
| comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical co2 extract of elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton. | the volatile oil of elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton seeds was obtained by supercritical co(2) extraction (sc-co(2)). the effect of the extraction conditions on the yield and composition of the resulting cardamom volatile oil was examined by testing two pressure values, 9.0 and 11.0 mpa; two temperatures, 40 and 50 degrees c; two flow rate values, 0.6 and 1.2 kg/h; and two particles size values, 250-425 and >850 microm. the extraction conditions that gave the highest yield, y (grams of extract pe ... | 2004 | 15453700 |
| investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeuthic properties. | spices are an important group of agricultural commodities being used by many civilizations all over the world to aid flavor, taste and nutritional values in the food. in traditional medical systems, their ability to heal various physical, mental and emotional problems has widely been reported. with this view, hplc analysis was performed to estimate phenolic acids in 21 spices (asafetida, bishop's weed, black mustard, coriander, cinnamon, clove, curry leaf, cumin black, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, ... | 2004 | 15927923 |
| dietary cardamom inhibits the formation of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in mice and reduces cox-2 and inos expression in the colon. | recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive compounds capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-step carcinogenesis. the primary aim of the present study was to identify the effects of a commonly consumed spice, viz., cardamom against azoxymethane (aom) induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (acf) in swiss albino mice. the secondary aim, was to explore the ability of cardamom to modulate the status of proliferation and apoptosi ... | 2005 | 16101317 |
| cardamom extract as inhibitor of human platelet aggregation. | the inhibitory activity of cardamom extract was studied on human platelets. platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation were evaluated with platelet rich plasma (prp) and platelet membranes, respectively, obtained from blood of healthy volunteers. human platelets were subjected to stimulation with a variety of agonists including adp (2.5 mm), epinephrine (2.5 mm), collagen (10 mm), calcium ionophore a 23187 (6 microm) and ristocetin (1.25 microg/ml). the ic50 were 0.49, 0.21, 0.55 and 0.59 mg wi ... | 2005 | 16106388 |
| the use of health foods, spices and other botanicals in the sikh community in london. | attitudes and practice concerning complementary and alternative medicine (cam) are currently an area of considerable interest. however, little is known about the overall importance of such practices, for example, in immigrant communities such as the sikh (punjabi) british. the use of cam in immigrants belonging to the sikh religion in london was studied. the primary objective was to analyse the extent to which traditional medicine is used and understood by this population. traditional sikh medic ... | 2005 | 16161027 |
| gastroprotective effect of cardamom, elettaria cardamomum maton. fruits in rats. | cardamom, the fruits of elettaria cardamomum maton. (zingiberaceae) commonly known as "heel khurd" is used in unani system of medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. a crude methanolic extract (tm), essential oil (eo), petroleum ether soluble (ps) and insoluble (pi) fractions of methanolic extract, were studied in rats at doses of 100-500, 12.5-50, 12.5-150 and 450 mg/kg, respectively for their ability to inhibit the gastric lesions induced by aspirin, ethanol and pylorous ligature. in add ... | 2006 | 16298093 |
| in vitro susceptibility of helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | the gram-negative bacterium helicobacter pylori (hp), identified in 1982, is now recognized as the primary etiological factor associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. in addition, hp infections are also associated with chronic gastritis, gastric carcinoma and primary gastric b-cell lymphoma. for centuries, herbals have been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments, including gastrointestinal (gi) disorders such as dyspepsia, gastritis and pepti ... | 2005 | 16317658 |
| midgut proteases of the cardamom shoot and capsule borer conogethes punctiferalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and their interaction with aprotinin. | protease inhibitors cause mortality in a range of insects, and transgenic plants expressing protease inhibitors have been protected against pest attack, particularly internal feeders that are not amenable to control by conventional means. a study of luminal proteases in conogethes punctiferalis guenée was performed to identify potential targets for proteinaceous biopesticides, such as protease inhibitors. the midgut protease profile of the gut lumen from c. punctiferalis was studied to determine ... | 2006 | 16441909 |
| policy and practice in myanmar's protected area system. | myanmar's protected area (pa) system began nearly 150 years ago under royal patronage. park policies and practices, embodied in 19 pieces of legislation developed sporadically during and after the colonial period. as a result of the fao-undp's nature conservation and national parks project (1981-1985) the government established the nature & wildlife conservation division and placed it within the forest department as the agency responsible for pa management. as a consequence the number of parks i ... | 2007 | 16979284 |
| the relation between phosphine sorption and terminal gas concentrations in successful fumigation of food commodities. | owing to increased tolerance and the development of resistance in stored product insects to the fumigant phosphine, in recent years there has been a shift in the target terminal concentration from 100 ppm (100 ml m(-3)) to a higher level of 1000 ppm to achieve 100% insect mortality in 7 day commodity treatments. therefore, there is a need to investigate whether the revised target concentration could be achieved for food commodities fumigated with phosphine at the standard dose of 2 g m(-3) for 7 ... | 2007 | 17051623 |
| efficacy of neem products and insecticides for the control of shoot fly formosina flavipes mall. of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton.). | experiments were conducted at zonal agricultural research station, mudigere, india, for two years with an objective to study the population fluctuation, seasonal incidence and evaluation of neem products and insecticides for their efficacy against cardamom shoot fly. during the study period, it was noticed that shoot fly population the increased during the dry months (march, may and october) but was low from june to september months. the population exhibited a negative correlation with rainfall, ... | 2006 | 17385516 |
| dose effects of the food spice cardamom on aspects of hamster gut physiology. | the dose effects of pectic polysaccharide-rich extract from the food spice cardamom (amomum villosum lour.) on intestinal environment were investigated. the results showed that pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulose were the major polysaccharides in the cardamom extract. the administration of cardamom extract (0.5 and 1.5 g/100 g diet) effectively (p < 0.05) shortened hamster gastrointestinal transit time by approximately 58%, increased fecal moisture contents (148-174%), increased scfa concen ... | 2007 | 17440996 |
| modulatory effect of spice extracts on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. | the antioxidants in foods play an important role in preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). some of the dietary constituents, commonly used in indian foods such as cloves (syzygium aromaticum), licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra), mace (aril of myristica fragrans) and greater cardamom (amomum subulatum), were selected as the test samples to find their effect on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (lpo) in rat liver homogenate. three different oxidant systems were used to induce lp ... | 2007 | 17673831 |
| antifungal effects of volatile compounds from black zira (bunium persicum) and other spices and herbs. | the dish pack method, which measures growth inhibition or promotion effects of volatile compounds on germinating seeds, was applied to measure the antifungal effects of 52 dried samples of spices and herbs against a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus, fusarium oxysporum. black zira showed the strongest effect, followed by cumin and cardamom. headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of black zira identified seven volatile compounds, gamma-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, ... | 2007 | 17932718 |
| antibacterial effect of five zingiberaceae essential oils. | essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and two different solvent extractions (petroleum ether and ethanol) from five zingiberaceae species: ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe.), galanga (alpinia galanga sw.), turmeric (curcuma longa l.), kaempferia (boesenbergia pandurata holtt.) and bastard cardamom (amomum xanthioides wall.) was characterized. volatile components of all extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the major components of ginger, turmeric, galang ... | 2007 | 17960105 |
| structure elucidation of a pungent compound in black cardamom: amomum tsao-ko crevost et lemarié (zingiberaceae). | natural plant extracts containing taste modifier compounds will gain more commercial interest in the future. black cardamom, amomum tsao-ko crevost et lemarié, used as a spice in asia, produces a nice refreshing effect in the mouth. therefore, an ethyl acetate extract was prepared, and constituents were separated by liquid chromatography. guided by the tasting of each fraction (lc tasting), a new pungent compound was discovered, (+/-)-trans-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-1h-indene-4-carbaldehyde. to confi ... | 2007 | 18020415 |
| gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering, diuretic and sedative activities of cardamom. | cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) is traditionally used in various gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. | 2008 | 18037596 |
| protective capacities of certain spices against peroxynitrite-mediated biomolecular damage. | peroxynitrite, a potent cytotoxic agent, can damage a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and dna, and is considered as one of the major pathological causes of several diseases. therefore, it would appear likely that interception of peroxynitrite by certain dietary compounds may represent one mechanism by which such foods may exert their beneficial action in vivo. a number of researchers have speculated that certain spices, rich in phenolics, may, conceivably, act as potential prot ... | 2008 | 18063286 |
| purification of elastase-like chymotrypsin from cardamom shoot and capsule borer [corrected]. | an elastase-like chymotrypsin was purified by aprotinin-agarose affinity chromatography from the midgut extract of cardamom shoot and capsule borer, conogethes punctiferalis. the purified enzyme had a vmax of 687.6 +/- 22.1 nmole pna released/min/mg protein, km of 0.168 +/- 0.012 mm with saaplpna as substrate and gave a single band on sds-page with a molecular mass of 72.1 kda. casein zymogram revealed one clear zone of proteolytic activity, which corresponded to the band obtained with sds-page ... | 2007 | 18072546 |
| inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of gst activity by cardamom and cinnamon during chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice. | globally, colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer in men since 1975.the present study focuses on the preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidences and mortality of large bowel cancer. chemoprevention of colon cancer appears to be a very realistic possibility because various intermediate stages have been identified preceding the development of malignant colonic tumors. several studies have demonstrated that generous consumption of vegetables reduces the risk of colon cancer. this ... | 2007 | 18260732 |
| traditional medicinal plants of cold desert ladakh-used against kidney and urinary disorders. | traditional medicine of clod desert ladakh has large potential to treat various ailments among tribal communities inhabited in the remotest region of indian subcontinent. this study was conducted to document the new ethno-medico-botanical information and traditional use of medicinal plants against kidney and urinary disorders, and thus to conserve the rapidly disappearing traditional knowledge system of amchis of ladakh. | 2008 | 18550306 |
| pharmacological interventions for clozapine-induced hypersalivation. | clozapine is widely used for people with schizophrenia. although agranulocytosis, weight gain, and cardiac problems are serious problems associated with its use, hypersalivation, sometimes of a gross and socially unacceptable quantity, is also common (30-80%). | 2008 | 18646130 |
| free radical scavenging activity, metal chelation and antioxidant power of some of the indian spices. | food constituents are the major source of various phytochemicals and micronutrients. the importance of these dietary constituents has been stressed in recent years due to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic potential. spices used in indian foods such as cloves (syzygium aromaticum), licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra), mace (aril of myristica fragans), and greater cardamom (amomum subulatum) were tested for their antioxidant properties in vitro. the metal chelating activity, bleomycin dependent dna ... | 2007 | 18997285 |
| domestication of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) in western ghats, india: divergence in productive traits and a shift in major pollinators. | elettaria cardamomum, a highly priced spice, is native to the western ghats of south india. wild populations still occur in isolated patches in their natural habitats; however, much of today's commercial product comes from cultivated sources. there is no information on domestication-related traits of this species; the main objective of this study was to compare wild and cultivated populations of cardamom in terms of vegetative and reproductive features in order to identify domestication syndrome ... | 2009 | 19126635 |
| proleptonchoides southindiae n. gen., n. sp., a new leptonchoid from south india. | proleptonchoides southindiae n. gen., n. sp. (dorylaimida: leptonchidae), is described from soil around false tobacco (lobelia excelsa) and cardamom (elettaria cardamomurn) in south india. p. southindiae is prodelphic, has a short constricted esophageal bulb and flanged odontophore, and is phylogenetically close to proleptonchus. | 1979 | 19305531 |
| in vivo enhancement of natural killer cell activity through tea fortified with ayurvedic herbs. | the effect of a tea fortified with five herbs selected from indian traditional medicine (ayurveda) for their putative immunoenhancing effect (withania somnifera, glycyrrhzia glabra, zingiber officinale, ocimum sanctum and elettaria cardamomum) on innate immunity was investigated. ex vivo natural killer (nk) cell activity was assessed after consumption of fortified tea compared with regular tea in two independent double-blind intervention studies. both studies were conducted in india with healthy ... | 2010 | 19504465 |
| possibility of fighting food borne bacteria by egyptian folk medicinal herbs and spices extracts. | phytotherapy (herbal medicine) have a long-standing history in egypt. current study investigated the antimicrobial potentialities of twenty five herbs and spices which are widely used in folk medicine by egyptian housewives to treat gastrointestinal disorders against seven bacterial strains, mostly food borne including pathogens. they were tested by using paper disc diffusion technique as qualitative assay and agar dilution method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of her ... | 2009 | 19712651 |
| effect of different dietary levels of mangrove (laguncularia racemosa) leaves and spice supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism and metabolic profiles in laying hens. | in order to study the influence of white mangrove (laguncularia racemosa) leaves on productive performance, egg quality, lipids metabolism and metabolic profiles, 180 hy-line laying hens were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments each contained 6 replicates of 5 individually caged hens during the period from 50 to 60 weeks of age. 2. three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0, 50 and 100 g/kg of sun-dried mangrove leaves. each diet was fed with or without sup ... | 2009 | 19946823 |
| panmasala chewing induces deterioration in oral health and its implications in carcinogenesis. | abstract panmasala containing tobacco was introduced in the indian market during the 1970s. panmasala consists of areca nut (betel nut), catechu, lime, cardamom, spices, and unspecified flavoring agents, etc., with tobacco locally known as gutkha or without tobacco (plain or sada), and consumed abundantly in india and also other parts of the world, predominantly in south east asian countries. available studies demonstrate that the habits of chewing panmasala gutkha or plain by students and adole ... | 2008 | 20020923 |
| [antioxidant properties of essential oils]. | by the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography we studied antioxidant properties and stability during the storage of hexane solutions of 14 individual essential oils from black and white pepper (piper nigrum l.), cardamom (elettaria cardamomum l.), nutmeg (myristica fragrans houtt.), mace (myristica fragrans houtt), juniperberry (juniperus communis l.), seed of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill., var. dulce thelling), caraway (carvum carvi l.), dry leaves of cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum b ... | 2009 | 20067158 |
| toxicity of diafenthiuron to honey bees in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. | cardamom, an important spice crop often attacked by many insect pests, is controlled mainly using synthetic insecticides. as honey bees play a vital role in pollination in cardamom, the impact of insecticides on honey bees needs to be explored to assess its safety. | 2010 | 20069631 |
| activity of essential oils against bacillus subtilis spores. | alternative methods for controlling bacterial endospore contamination are desired in a range of industries and applications. attention has recently turned to natural products, such as essential oils, which have sporicidal activity. in this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against bacillus subtilis spores. spores were exposed to thirteen essential oils, and surviving spores were enumerated. cardamom, tea tree, and juniper leaf oils were the mos ... | 2009 | 20075624 |
| in vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (piper nigrum) and cardamom (elettaria cardamomum). | although the immunomodulatory effects of many herbs have been extensively studied, research related to possible immunomodulatory effects of various spices is relatively scarce. here, the potential immunomodulatory effects of black pepper and cardamom are investigated. our data show that black pepper and cardamom aqueous extracts significantly enhance splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent, synergistic fashion. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments reveal that black pepper and carda ... | 2010 | 20210607 |
| compound tincture of cardamom. | 1947 | 20241917 | |
| blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum). | elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton. (small cardamom) fruit powder was evaluated for its antihypertensive potential and its effect on some of the cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with stage 1 hypertension. twenty, newly diagnosed individuals with primary hypertension of stage 1 were administered 3 g of cardamom powder in two divided doses for 12 weeks. blood pressure was recorded initially and at 4 weeks interval for 3 months. blood samples were also collected initially and at 4 weeks inte ... | 2009 | 20361714 |
| antioxidant activity of spice extracts in a liposome system and in cooked pork patties and the possible mode of action. | three experiments were conducted to assess the antioxidant efficacy of spice extracts in cooked meat. in experiment 1, antioxidant activity of 13 common spice extracts was screened in a liposome system. six of the extracts (clove, rosemary, cassia bark, liquorice, nutmeg, and round cardamom), identified to have the greatest total phenolic contents, were strongly inhibitory of tbars formation. in experiment 2, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing power ... | 2010 | 20430533 |
| the effect of chewing gum flavor on the negative affect associated with tobacco abstinence among dependent cigarette smokers. | many smokers relapse during cessation attempts due to increases in negative affect. previous research has shown that chewing confectionary chewing gum appears to lessen the severity of acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms and help individuals who are trying to reduce smoking in part due to the flavor of the gum chewed. the current study compared the effects of three flavored gums to a no gum control during 48-hour cessation periods for young dependent smokers. forty-nine smokers participated in th ... | 2010 | 20598808 |
| chemopreventive properties of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane and other constituents of cardamom against carcinogenesis. | oxidative stress results from an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and cell's own antioxidant defenses that in part lead to numerous carcinogenesis. several phytochemicals, derived from vegetables, fruits, herbs and spices, have demonstrated excellent chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis by regulating the redox status of the cells during oxidative stress. i3c (indole-3-carbinol) and dim (diindolylmethane) are the phytochemicals that are found in all types ... | 2010 | 20653562 |
| comparative antioxidant activity study of some commonly used spices in bangladesh. | many spices have been shown to impart an antioxidative effect in foods. this study summarized the literature on the antioxidative effects of spices. the term spice is defined as dry plant material that is normally added to food to impart flavor. the methanolic crude extracts of allium sativum, coriandrum sativum, cuminum cyminum, zingiber officinale, cinnamomum verum, elettaria cardamomum and cinnamomum tamala were screened for their free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as stan ... | 2010 | 20836290 |
| [intestinal helminths in the works of galen]. | galen was undoubtedly one of the most important physicians in antiquity. he left a voluminous work which was edited by numerous scholars. the most capacious edition was done by karl gottlob kühn between 1821 and 1833, which is, besides other more recent editions, the major source for this work. galen deals in his works with all aspects of medicine and with philosophy. the texts on intestinal helminths are spread over the whole works of galen and give a deep insight of the understanding of parasi ... | 2010 | 20924704 |
| cardamom: further numerical studies of its sclerenchymatous layer. | 1945 | 21005089 | |
| cardamom: structural and numerical features of the testa; including their combined application for diagnostic purposes. | 1945 | 21005090 | |
| optimized expression, solubilization and purification of nuclear inclusion protein b of cardamom mosaic virus. | all rna viruses encode an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) that is required for replication of the viral genome. nuclear inclusion b (nib) gene codes for the rdrp in potyviridae viruses. in this study, expression, solubilization and purification of nib protein of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) is reported. the objective of the present study was to express and purify the nib protein of cdmv on a large scale for structural characterization, as the structure of the rdrp from a plant virus is yet t ... | 2008 | 21086722 |
| cardamom ingestion as a possible cause of hematuria. | 2011 | 21660407 | |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oil and various extracts of fruits of greater cardamom. | greater cardamom (amomum subulatum roxb. zingiberaceae) commonly known as "bari ilaichi" is a well known plant used in ayurvedic and unani medicine. it has been used for the treatment of various diseases and disorders like gastric ulcer. therefore antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts from leaves and roots, essential oil and isolated vasicine from a. vasica were tested against various microorganisms. antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion method. the ... | 2010 | 21695005 |
| bacterial communities of two parthenogenetic aphid species cocolonizing two host plants across the hawaiian islands. | aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) have been the focus of several studies with respect to their interactions with inherited symbionts, but bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. in this research, we used bar-coded pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities in aphids. specifically, we examined the diversity of bacteria in two obligately parthenogenetic aphid species (the melon aphid, aphis gossypii, and the cardamom aphid, pentalonia caladii) cocolonizing ... | 2011 | 21965398 |
| analysis of cardamonin by square wave voltammetry. | several biochemical studies have already shown that cardamonin has health promoting properties, such is in agreement with typical characteristics of chalcones. although being a very promising compound for the nutraceutical field there is a lack of studies concerning its electroanalytical properties. | 2013 | 22025454 |
| anti-fungal activity of cold and hot water extracts of spices against fungal pathogens of roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa) in vitro. | crude extracts of seven spices, viz. cardamom, chilli, coriander, onion, garlic, ginger, and galangale were made using cold water and hot water extraction and they were tested for their anti-fungal effects against the three roselle pathogens i.e. phoma exigua, fusarium nygamai and rhizoctonia solani using the 'poisoned food technique'. all seven spices studied showed significant anti-fungal activity at three concentrations (10, 20 and 30% of the crude extract) in-vitro. the cold water extract of ... | 2012 | 22138549 |
| cancer cell signaling pathways targeted by spice-derived nutraceuticals. | extensive research within the last half a century has revealed that cancer is caused by dysregulation of as many as 500 different gene products. most natural products target multiple gene products and thus are ideally suited for prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, including cancer. dietary agents such as spices have been used extensively in the eastern world for a variety of ailments for millennia, and five centuries ago they took a golden journey to the western world. various ... | 2012 | 22149093 |
| molecular modeling and conformational analysis of native and refolded viral genome-linked protein of cardamom mosaic virus. | the viral genome-linked protein (vpg) of potyviruses is covalently attached to the 5' end of the genomic rna. towards biophysical characterization, the vpg coding region of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) was amplified from the cdna and expressed in e. coli. most of the expressed vpg aggregated as inclusion bodies that were solubilized with urea and refolded with l-arginine hydrochloride. the various forms of cdmv vpg (native, denatured and refolded) were purified and the conformational variations ... | 2011 | 22165292 |