Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs. | the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ... | 1976 | 824260 |
| a simple field diagnostic smear test for bovine besnoitiosis. | a fast and inexpensive skin biopsy smear was used for confirming suspected clinical cases of bovine besnoitiosis. the technique was based on the demonstration of besnoitia besnoiti bradyzoites (cystic stages), which appeared stumpy, each organism 6.2 microns by 3.1 microns in size, or banana-shaped, 7.7 microns by 1.5 micron in affected skin smears. a more rapid non-surgical technique, scleral conjunctival scraping, revealed similar bradyzoites, thus enhancing the diagnostic value of conjunctiva ... | 1991 | 1910222 |
| besnoitia besnoiti: quantitative in vitro studies. | experimental parameters for optimization of the growth conditions of besnoitia besnoiti endozoites in vitro are presented. a combination of hepes-buffered mccoy and leibovitz (ml) medium with 10% bovine serum was preferable to eagle's minimum essential medium (mem) based on either hank's or earle's salts. the ml medium and a co2 balanced gas phase significantly increased the growth rate of the parasite. infection of vero cells at 1 h after subcultivation resulted in higher yields of endozoites t ... | 1991 | 1957481 |
| identification and partial purification of soluble antigens from culture-grown besnoitia besnoiti endozoites. | soluble antigens from culture-grown besnoitia besnoiti endozoites were identified following their partial purification by affinity chromatography. a specific eluate obtained after affinity chromatography on a column to which antibodies from serum of a naturally infected cow were bound exhibited seven polypeptide bands on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). five bands were observed in the eluate from an immunoadsorbent to which antibodies from an experimentally in ... | 1990 | 2124714 |
| soluble antigens from culture-grown besnoitia besnoiti endozoites. | soluble antigens from besnoitia besnoiti cell culture-grown endozoites, obtained either by hypotonic lysis or by freeze-thawing and ultrasonication (fts) of the organisms, were detected by the agar gel immunodiffusion method. each antigenic preparation yielded 1-4 precipitin lines when reacted with the corresponding rabbit hyperimmune serum, while no reaction was observed with besnoitia-positive sera from naturally infected cattle. soluble exoantigens released by viable besnoitia endozoites into ... | 1989 | 2511662 |
| cultivation of besnoitia besnoiti and evaluation of susceptibility of laboratory animals to cultured parasites. | cultivation of besnoitia besnoiti on five mammalian cell types showed that vero (green monkey kidney), l929 (mouse fibroblasts) and bek (bovine embryo kidney) cells were highly susceptible and were almost destroyed after 5 days of incubation, while mdbk (madin-darby bovine kidney) and bl (theileria annulata-infected bovine lymphoid) cells were less affected. intraperitoneal infection with culture-derived endozoites was fatal for gerbils (meriones tristrami) and sand rats (psammomys obesus). rabb ... | 1987 | 3105163 |
| besnoitia besnoiti: long term cultivation in tick cell lines. | 1987 | 3115817 | |
| cultivation of besnoitia besnoiti in four tick cell lines. | 1988 | 3135277 | |
| transmission and scanning electron microscopy of besnoitia besnoiti. | 1988 | 3142818 | |
| besnoitia besnoiti: studies on the definitive host and experimental infections in cattle. | domestic cats, 11 other species of carnivorous mammals, 6 species of snakes, and white-backed vultures were tested for their possible role as definitive hosts of benoitia besnoiti by feeding with cystic material from chronically infected bovines. none of the species tested is a definitive host; hence, the life cycle of this parasite remains obscure. in attempts to produce clinical cases of besnoitiosis by experimental infection, bovines were inoculated iv, sc, and ip with cystozoites or tachyzoi ... | 1988 | 3148929 |
| besnoitia besnoiti: chemotherapeutic trials in vivo and in vitro. | 1987 | 3453513 | |
| ultrastructure of the asexual multiplication of besnoitia besnoiti (marotel, 1912) in vero- and crfk-cell cultures. | 1985 | 3922175 | |
| specific antibodies to besnoitia besnoiti precipitated from serum of cattle by live parasites and by soluble antigen. | specific precipitable antibodies of both igg and igm classes were detected in sera of cattle naturally infected with b. besnoiti. the amount of specific antibodies of the igg class precipitated by soluble antigen was in the range of 17-50 micrograms/ml serum while that of the igm class ranged between 5 and 24 micrograms/ml serum. specific antibodies precipitated by live b. besnoiti parasites were in amounts of 10 to 22 micrograms/ml serum for igg and 4 to 26 micrograms/ml serum for igm. differen ... | 1985 | 3927569 |
| chemotherapy of experimental besnoitia besnoiti infection in rabbits. | rabbits were infected with a bovine strain of besnoitia besnoiti parasites derived from vero cell cultures. oxytetracycline, given at 30 mg/kg i.m. simultaneously with infection, prevented the development of orchitis. the controls received no treatment. all infected animals showed a transient febrile reaction. it is concluded that oxytetracycline has some therapeutic potential against besnoitia besnoiti and that rabbits are suitable models for therapeutic trials. | 1985 | 4088644 |
| immunization against bovine besnoitiosis with a live vaccine prepared from a blue wildebeest strain of besnoitia besnoiti grown in cell cultures. 1. studies on rabbits. | 1974 | 4213163 | |
| cultivation of besnoitia besnoiti marotel, 1912, in cell culture. | 1974 | 4214036 | |
| serological survey of besnoitia besnoiti (marotel 1912) infection in israel by immunofluorescence. | 1972 | 4559310 | |
| observations on the pathogenesis of bovine and antelope strains of besnoitia besnoiti (marotel, 1912) infection in cattle and rabbits. | 1970 | 5005082 | |
| the artificial transmission of besnoitia besnoiti (marotel, 1912) from chronically infected to susceptible cattle and rabbits. | 1967 | 5583772 | |
| a preliminary report on the finding of besnoitia besnoiti in goat skins affected with dimple in kenya. | 1967 | 5625717 | |
| the relationship between besnoitia of antelopes and besnoitia besnoiti (marotel, 1912) of cattle. | 1966 | 6011942 | |
| studies on the relationship between besnoitia of blue wildebeest and impala, and besnoitia besnoiti of cattle. | 1967 | 6069326 | |
| enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti in cattle. | the use of the elisa method for the detection of antibodies to b. besnoiti in cattle is described and compared to the ifat technique. one hundred and twenty-one sera were examined, of which 61 were sera of calves experimentally infected with b. besnoiti, 52 sera from field animals and eight were sera with high titres of antibodies to other parasites. the specificity of both assays correlates but elisa seemed to be more sensitive. the elisa technique provides a rapid and reliable method for the s ... | 1984 | 6441325 |
| serodiagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis by elisa and immunofluorescence tests. | sera from non-infected cattle and cattle infected with anaplasma, babesia, theileria and sarcocystis were tested for antibodies to besnoitia in elisa and immunofluorescence tests (ift) with besnoitia besnoiti of blue wildebeest origin as antigen. only 2 out of 86 sera gave false positive reactions in elisa and none in the ift, indicating a high specificity for the tests. three-hundred-and-three bovine sera from 3 farms in an area endemic for besnoitiosis were similarly tested and the results wer ... | 1984 | 6442765 |
| activity of a monoclonal antibody against besnoitia besnoiti endozoites. | besnoitia besnoiti multiplication in vitro was inhibited by a specific organelle complex-directed monoclonal antibody (moab) raised against the endozoite stage. multiplication rates in antibody-treated cultures were lower at parasite/cell ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:10, than in untreated cultures, after 4 or 8 d of incubation. at 1:100 ratio, there was no difference between test and control cultures irrespective of the incubation period. in in vivo experiments, the anti-b besnoiti moab had no neutr ... | 1995 | 7550404 |
| differentiating between besnoitia besnoiti from cattle and sarcocystis hoarensis from rodents. | to provide a biological basis for studies designed to establish the mode of transmission of the veterinary pathogen besnoitia besnoiti, we compared salient features of this pathogen in cattle with those of sarcocystis hoarensis in rodents. the cysts and cystozoites of these organisms can readily be distinguished morphologically. in contrast to s. hoarensis, which is well adapted to rodents, b. besnoiti fails to mature in jirds or mice and generally is lethal in jirds. serological reagents discri ... | 1995 | 7567907 |
| the route of immunization of gerbils with live besnoitia besnoiti as a factor in protection against lethal challenge. | gerbils (meriones tristrami) were infected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with live culture-grown besnoitia besnoiti at doses ranging from 10(1) to 10(7) endozoites. all animals injected subcutaneously survived the infection and were refractory to a lethal challenge dose of 10(7) endozoites given intraperitoneally 6 weeks later. by contrast, gerbils surviving primary intraperitoneal inoculation with 10(2) to 10(6) endozoites showed a variable survival rate to challenge. all gerbils develope ... | 1993 | 8128584 |
| preliminary findings from an experimental study of caprine besnoitiosis in kenya. | inoculation of cystozoites obtained from natural, chronic cases of caprine besnoitiosis produced clinical disease in goats but not in rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats or cattle. histological examination of tissue sections from the experimental animals showed besnoitia cysts only in goats. this, together with field observations that cattle reared together with goats having besnoitiosis do not contract the disease, suggests that the besnoitia species that infects goats in kenya is host-s ... | 1993 | 8284897 |
| besnoitiosis in a horse. | besnoitiosis was confirmed in a pony which presented with inspiratory dyspnoea, scleroderma and ventral oedema. numerous cysts were visible in the sclerae. histological examination of the skin confirmed the presence of numerous cysts. the parasite could not be transmitted by subcutaneous injection of homogenised skin from the infected horse to rabbits and a horse. ultrastructural morphology of the crescent-shaped bradyzoites was not compatable with besnoitia besnoiti or b. jellisoni and it is pr ... | 1993 | 8410950 |
| comparative ultrastructural studies on besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia caprae. | comparative transmission electron microscopy on besnoitia besnoiti and on a strain of besnoitia derived from goats in kenya revealed that the two organisms differ in their pellicle, micropore, microtubules, nucleus, wall-forming body 1 (w1), amount of lipids and amylopectin. thus the caprine besnoitia is probably a different organism and the term besnoitia caprae should continue to be used. | 1995 | 8540241 |
| vaccines against hemoparasitic diseases in israel with special reference to quality assurance. | four vaccines against hemoparasitic diseases (anaplasmosis, babesiosis and theileriosis) and a vaccine against besnoitiosis are currently used in israel. these vaccines contain live attenuated parasites derived from cell culture (theileria annulata and besnoitia besnoiti) or from blood of infected, splenectomized calves (babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma centrale). cryopreserved master seed is used to initiate production of the vaccines. quality control performed during the preproduction ... | 1997 | 9512751 |
| an epidemic of besnoitiosis in cattle in kenya. | a total of 17 head of cattle presenting with typical "elephant skin disease" were isolated from the rest of the herd within a beef ranch for further clinical observation. on physical examination, all the animals had characteristic sclero-conjunctival cysts of besnoitia besnoiti. in addition, some of the animals had characteristic skin nodules on the legs, ears and back. histological examination of skin sections revealed typical large besnoitia cysts. microscopic examination of crush preparations ... | 1998 | 9741057 |
| the relationship of hammondia hammondi and sarcocystis mucosa to other heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidia as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of the 18s ssu ribosomal dna sequence. | the complete sequence of the 18s small subunit (ssu) ribosomal dna of hammondia hammondi and sarcocystis mucosa was obtained and compared to ssu rdna sequences of neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, besnoitia besnoiti, 2 species of frenkelia, 3 species of isospora, and 13 species of sarcocystis. analyses showed that h. hammondi and t. gondii are monophyletic and that these taxa shared a common ancestor with n. caninum and b. besnoiti. the weight of evidence shows that s. mucosa, s. neurona, and ... | 1999 | 10466120 |
| immunohistochemical study of the cyst of besnoitia besnoiti. | the present study has been undertaken in order to provide information on the molecular structure of the cysts of besnoitia besnoiti. to that end, immunohistochemical techniques have been used to investigate the expression of several enzymes and proteins implicated in the cellular membrane permeability of bradyzoites. paraffin and frozen sections, which were obtained from subcutaneous tissue samples taken from naturally infected cattle (coming from northeast spain), were treated with a panel of a ... | 2000 | 10889354 |
| molecular phylogeny of besnoitia and the genetic relationships among besnoitia of cattle, wildebeest and goats. | knowledge on parasites of the genus besnoitia is sparse, which are classified in the subfamily toxoplasmatinae of the phylum apicomplexa. this arrangement hypotheses that besnoitia represents the sister group to species such as toxoplasma gondii and hammondia hammondi. in order to test this hypothesis, phylogenetic analyses of 18s ribosomal dna (rdna) from besnoitia, hammondia, isospora, frenkelia, eimeria, neospora, sarcocystis and toxoplasma were performed. the 18s rdna of besnoitia besnoiti, ... | 2000 | 11212893 |
| immunological relationship between neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti. | neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite identified as a major cause of abortion in cattle. a combined infection of n. caninum with another taxonomically related parasite of cattle, besnoitia besnoiti can occur in geographical areas endemic for both species. both infections are routinely diagnosed serologically, and incorrect diagnosis could occur if immunological cross-reactivity exists between the two parasites. to investigate the possible degree of cross-reactivity, we compared results obtain ... | 2002 | 11992709 |
| ultrastructure of besnoitia besnoiti tissue cysts and bradyzoites. | besnoitia besnoiti is an economically important tissue cyst-forming apicomplexan of cattle in africa and israel. tissue cysts and bradyzoites of b. besnoiti from the skin of a naturally infected bull were studied by transmission electron microscopy. tissue cysts enclosed host cell and bradyzoites. bradyzoites were 6-7.5 x 1.9-2.3 microm in size and contained organelles found in coccidian merozoites including numerous micronemes, rhoptries, amylopectin granules, and a posteriorly located nucleus. ... | 2003 | 15132166 |
| monoclonal antibodies identify two neutralization-sensitive epitopes in besnoitia besnoiti endocytes. | four monoclonal antibodies were produced against endozoite membrane and cytoplasmic antigens of b. besnoiti. in immunofluorescence antibody tests, three of the clones, designated 2m3c5, 2m1g8 and 2m9g3 recognized antigens restricted to the anterior pole of the endozoites. the fourth clone, 2m9c4, recognized a membrane-associated component in a "beaded" pattern, cytoplasmic granules and extracellular background. the staining characteristics differed from the solid diffuse staining of polyclonal s ... | 2004 | 15349773 |
| redescription of besnoitia tarandi (protozoa: apicomplexa) from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | besnoitia tarandi tissue cysts were found in naturally-infected reindeer (rangifer tarandus) from finland. infectivity of its tissue cysts, bradyzoites, and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. the bradyzoites and tissue cysts were not infectious to out-bred mice, rabbits or gerbils. when fed tissue cysts, neither cats nor dogs excreted oocysts. however, the parasite was lethal to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice irrespective of the route of inoculation. the parasite was grow ... | 2004 | 15491590 |
| redescription of besnoitia bennetti (protozoa: apicomplexa) from the donkey (equus asinus). | besnoitia bennetti tissue cysts were found in four naturally-infected donkeys (equus asinus) from the usa. infectivity of its bradyzoites and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. the bradyzoites were not infectious to out-bred swiss webster mice, rabbits or gerbils. when fed tissue cysts, cats did not excrete oocysts. however, the parasite was infectious to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice. the parasite from tissues of two donkeys was grown successfully in bovine monocyte mon ... | 2005 | 15862579 |
| bovine besnoitiosis and its effect on the male reproductive system. | besnoitia besnoiti and several species of the genus have been reported in a variety of domestic and wild animals in many parts of the world (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). cutaneous besnoitiosis in cattle has been described as a serious skin condition characterized by painful swellings, alopecia and thickening of the skin (6). it is a chronic, debilitating and occasionally fatal disease with both cutaneous and systemic manifestations (6, 7, 8). besnoitia cysts and lesions have been observed in the testes, epid ... | 1981 | 16725665 |
| isolation of besnoitia besnoiti from infected cattle in portugal. | besnoitia besnoiti, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum apicomplexa, is the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis. besnoitiosis is responsible for significant losses in the cattle industry of africa and mediterranean countries due to the high morbidity rate, abortion and infertility in males. the acute stage of disease is associated with the proliferative forms (tachyzoites) and is characterized by fever, whimpery, general weakness and swelling of the superficia ... | 2006 | 16822614 |
| immunodiagnosis of besnoitia besnoiti infection by elisa and western blot. | besnoitia besnoiti, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis. this infection may dramatically affect body condition and lead to irreversible infertility in males, resulting in important economical losses in livestock production. identification of serologically positive animals is of major relevance to elaborate appropriate measures of control. while identification of clinical cases is relatively easy to carry out, the finding of sub ... | 2006 | 16822616 |
| microtubule cytoskeleton behavior in the initial steps of host cell invasion by besnoitia besnoiti. | besnoitia besnoiti is a protozoan parasite responsible for bovine besnoitiosis. indirect immunofluorescence showed that isolated b. besnoiti possesses a set of subpellicular microtubules, radiating from the apical end and extending for more than 2/3 of the cell body. upon interaction with the host cell, b. besnoiti undergoes dramatic modifications of shape and surface, as revealed by atomic force microscopy, accompanied by a distinct tubulin labeling on the posterior region. in the host cell, th ... | 2006 | 16876796 |
| in vitro efficacy of nitro- and bromo-thiazolyl-salicylamide compounds (thiazolides) against besnoitia besnoiti infection in vero cells. | nitazoxanide (ntz) and its deacetylated metabolite tizoxanide (tiz) exhibit considerable in vitro activity against besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites grown in vero cells. real-time-pcr was used to assess b. besnoiti tachyzoite adhesion, invasion, and intracellular proliferation in vitro. a number of ntz-derivatives, including rm4822 and rm4803, were generated, in which the thiazole-ring-associated nitro-group was replaced by a bromo-moiety. we here show that replacement of the nitro-group on the thi ... | 2007 | 17306057 |
| application of conventional and real-time fluorescent its1 rdna pcr for detection of besnoitia besnoiti infections in bovine skin biopsies. | besnoitia besnoiti, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis. this infection may dramatically affect body condition, and, in males, lead to irreversible infertility. while identification of clinical cases and their histopathological confirmation is relatively simple to carry out, finding subclinical forms of infection is more difficult, thus a more sensitive test for the identification of the etiological agent may be an appropriate diagnostic tool. we hav ... | 2007 | 17418951 |
| first isolation of besnoitia besnoiti from a chronically infected cow in spain. | besnoitia besnoiti was isolated from a skin biopsy of a chronically infected cow from central spain. zoites released from macroscopic cysts were adapted to its culture in vitro on a marc-145 cell monolayer. tachyzoites produced in vitro were either cryopreserved or used for genomic dna isolation. a 2206 nt sequence containing 18s ribosomal rna gene, internal transcribed spacer 1 (its 1), and a partial sequence of 5.8s ribosomal rna gene was amplified by pcr and sequenced. this sequence showed a ... | 2009 | 18803440 |
| another african disease in central europa: besnoitiosis of cattle. i. light and electron microscopical study. | the paper reports the first detection of besnoitiosis of cattle in germany. just 2 years after the first appearance of the african bluetongue disease (btd) of cattle in central europe, another african agent of disease has arrived in germany. while it was proven that the btd virus was transmitted (after its first appearance) by endemic midges of the genus culicoides (c. obsoletus, c. pulicaris), nothing is known, how the infectious stages of besnoitia besnoiti-a member of the so-called cyst-formi ... | 2009 | 19082626 |
| studies on besnoitiosis bennetti in miniature donkeys. | besnoitia tissue cysts associated with the skin lesions recovered from the naturally-infected miniature donkeys (equus asinus) during clinical examination were studied by the light and electron microscopy, as well as histochemically to elucidate the specific morphologic features of the cyst causing this disease. the cyst was differentiated phenotypically from those of other besnoitia spp. the interpretation of results showed that morphometric attributes of the tissue cysts and the associated pat ... | 2008 | 19143129 |
| first in vitro isolation of besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in germany. | besnoitia besnoiti was in vitro isolated during the first recorded outbreak of bovine besnoitiosis in germany. molecular characterization of the new isolate, named bb-ger1, revealed almost 100% identity with other b. besnoiti isolates obtained in portugal, spain, israel or south africa, when partial sequences of the 18s ribosomal rna gene, of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and of the 5.8s rna gene were compared. cystozoites obtained from skin tissue of one bull were infectious for gamma-inter ... | 2009 | 19477592 |
| pattern of recognition of besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoite and bradyzoite antigens by naturally infected cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the protozoan parasite besnoitia besnoiti. many recent cases have been described in different european countries, which may be indicative of expansion of the disease in the next few years. many infected animals remain asymptomatic; therefore, serological tests are essential tools for diagnosis. the objective of the present work was to identify b. besnoiti tachyzoite and bradyzoite immunodominant antigens (idas). idas were recognised by sds-page under reducing con ... | 2009 | 19595513 |
| molecular biological comparison of different besnoitia species and stages from different countries. | besnoitia besnoiti tissue cysts from a recent outbreak in cattle in germany were characterized with respect to their internal transcribed spacer regions 1, 2, and 18s rdna gene sequences. these results were compared with own sequences of an israelian isolate of b. besnoiti and of besnoitia jellisoni cystozoites stored for years in liquid nitrogen. furthermore, material was studied that was obtained from white mice (balb/c) that had been successfully infected by intraperitoneal infection of fresh ... | 2010 | 20135147 |
| bovine besnoitiosis in germany. | abstract this paper reports a case of natural occurring bovine besnoitiosis in germany. the skin lesions consisted of multifocal hypotrichosis and alopecia, lichenification, erythema and seborrhoea. histopathologic findings revealed characteristic cysts of besnoitia spp. the diagnosis was confirmed by serology and the species besnoitia besnoiti was identified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2010 | 20230585 |
| comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent antibody and new immunoblot tests for the specific detection of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and bradyzoites in bovine sera. | besnoitia besnoiti, an apicomplexan parasite causes economically important disease in cattle in many countries of africa and asia is re-emerging in europe. serological identification of infected cattle is important because introduction of these animals into naive herds seems to play a major role in the transmission of the parasite. we report new, simplified immunoblot-based serological tests for the detection of b. besnoiti-specific antibodies. antigens were used under non-reducing conditions in ... | 2010 | 20378250 |
| development and use of an indirect elisa in an outbreak of bovine besnoitiosis in spain. | an indirect elisa based on a soluble extract of besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites was developed and standardised. a set of positive and negative reference bovine sera were characterised using an immunofluorescence antibody test and western blot. a cut-off with a relative index per cent of 8.1 was determined for equal sensitivity and specificity (100 per cent) by two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis. cross-reactions with other closely related apicomplexan parasites were discarded. th ... | 2010 | 20581359 |
| bovine besnoitiosis: epidemiological and clinical aspects. | bovine besnoitiosis, due to the cyst-forming apicomplexan besnoitia besnoiti, is widespread in africa, in asia and in the south of europe. this infection leads to major economic losses in cattle production with a decrease in milk production, transient of definitive sterility of bulls and mortality. since its emergence in europe (germany, spain and centre of france), more attention has been given to this infection during the last 10 years, including the recent development of serological methods f ... | 2010 | 20850933 |
| genetic characterization of the causative agent of besnoitiosis in goats in iran on the basis of internal transcribed spacer rdna and its comparison with besnoitia species of other hosts. | this study was conducted to identify genetic characteristics of besnoitia spp. isolated from goat in iran. molecular analysis of two portions of nuclear ribosomal dna (its1 and its2) was used for the genetic characterization of the besnoitia species. comparison of the sequencing data of the iranian besnoitia samples obtained in the present study (genbank accession number hm008988) with those previously reported for other besnoitia spp. in the genbank database revealed a particularly close relati ... | 2010 | 20941630 |
| evaluation of a commercial elisa for the specific detection of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti. | bovine besnoitiosis is an economically important disease in cattle caused by the protozoan parasite besnoitia besnoiti, which occurs endemically in many countries of africa and asia and is spreading in europe. serological identification of subclinically infected cattle is important to avoid the introduction of infected animals into naive herds. here we determine the sensitivity and specificity of the priocheck(®) besnoitia ab, a serological test recently introduced into the european market. anal ... | 2010 | 21035269 |
| a longitudinal study of besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest france. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan besnoitia besnoiti, is commonly reported in some restricted regions of south-western europe, and in larger regions of africa and asia. this infection is thought to be transmitted by blood feeding insects and is responsible for major economic losses in cattle production. a recent emergence in europe, notified in the centre of france, spain and germany, has attracted more attention to this disease. clinical signs could appear in some ani ... | 2010 | 21185653 |
| exploring the life cycle of besnoitia besnoiti - experimental infection of putative definitive and intermediate host species. | the biology of besnoitia besnoiti, the cause of bovine besnoitiosis, is poorly understood. its definitive host is unknown, and information on potential intermediate hosts is scarce. in order to investigate potential definitive and intermediate hosts for european isolates of b. besnoiti, domestic dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs (cavia porcellus), gerbils (meriones unguiculatus), common voles (microtus arvalis) and nmri-mice were inoculated with b. besnoiti isolated from naturally infected german ... | 2011 | 21310538 |
| quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ... | 2011 | 21324596 |
| a modified agglutination test for the diagnosis of besnoitia besnoiti infection. | bovine besnoitiosis is caused by besnoitia besnoiti, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. affected animals present cutaneous and systemic manifestations and the disease may lead to considerable economic losses. although generally associated to tropical and subtropical areas, bovine besnoitiosis is now considered an emergent disease in europe, due to the increasing number of new cases and apparent geographical expansion. in this study we evaluated the performance of a modified aggluti ... | 2011 | 21324602 |
| in vitro effects of arylimidamides against besnoitia besnoiti infection in vero cells. | the in vitro effects of 4 arylimidamides (db811, db786, db750 and db766) against the proliferative tachyzoite stage of the apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti were investigated. these four compounds had been shown earlier to exhibit in vitro activities in the nanomolar range against the related apicomplexans neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. real-time-pcr was used to assess b. besnoiti intracellular proliferation in vitro. preliminary assessment by light microscopy identified db811 an ... | 2011 | 21349220 |
| besnoitia besnoiti protein disulfide isomerase (bbpdi): molecular characterization, expression and in silico modelling. | besnoitia besnoiti is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for bovine besnoitiosis, a disease with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions and re-emerging in europe. despite the great economical losses associated with besnoitiosis, this disease has been underestimated and poorly studied, and neither an effective therapy nor an efficacious vaccine is available. protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) is an essential enzyme for the acquisition of the correct three-dimensional structure of ... | 2011 | 21756909 |
| Molecular pathology, taxonomy and epidemiology of Besnoitia species (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae). | Until recently, besnoitiosis has been a neglected disease of domestic animals. Now, a geographic expansion of the causing protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti in livestock has been recognized and the disease in cattle is considered emerging in Europe. Bovine besnoitiosis leads to significant economic losses by a decline in milk production, sterility, transient or permanent infertility of bulls, skin lesions and increase of mortality in affected cattle population. Phylogenetically, the Besnoitia ... | 2011 | 21906696 |
| evidence for bovine besnoitiosis being endemic in italy-first in vitro isolation of besnoitia besnoiti from cattle born in italy. | until 2009, bovine besnoitiosis had never been considered endemic in italy and the only report on the disease in this country referred to animals imported from france shortly before. however, recently, an autochthonous outbreak of bovine besnoitiosis was reported in four herds located at the intersection of the borders between emilia-romagna, toscana and marche (northern apennine mountains), which has led to an increased awareness concerning this disease. the present study describes a further ou ... | 2011 | 21978744 |
| sero-prevalence of neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti in south australian beef and dairy cattle. | a serological survey for neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti was carried out in beef and dairy cattle in south australia. serum samples of dairy cattle (n=133) from 9 properties and tank milk samples from a further 122 dairy herds were tested. an additional 810 sera from beef cattle from 51 properties were also tested. testing at the individual animal level by idexx neospora x2 ab test elisa revealed a low prevalence of n. caninum antibodies of only 2.7% (95% ci; 1.6-3.7%) sera positive, as ... | 2011 | 22138306 |
| an inter-laboratory comparative study of serological tools employed in the diagnosis of besnoitia besnoiti infection in bovines. | bovine besnoitiosis is considered an emerging chronic and debilitating disease in europe. many infections remain subclinical, and the only sign of disease is the presence of parasitic cysts in the sclera and conjunctiva. serological tests are useful for detecting asymptomatic cattle/sub-clinical infections for control purposes, as there are no effective drugs or vaccines. for this purpose, diagnostic tools need to be further standardized. thus, the aim of this study was to compare the serologica ... | 2013 | 22429475 |
| large-scale serosurvey of besnoitia besnoiti in free-living carnivores in spain. | the disease bovine besnoitiosis is responsible for severe economic losses caused by the protozoan besnoitia besnoiti. the identity of the definitive host (dh) of this parasite has yet to be determined, although it is presumed to be a carnivore. with the aim of advancing in the identification of b. besnoiti dh, a necessary step in implementing control strategies, the contact rate of 205 free-roaming carnivores with this parasite in spain was studied. the study included 16 wolves (canis lupus), 41 ... | 2012 | 22770702 |
| serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ... | 2012 | 22795672 |
| development of a protocol testing the ability of stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeus, 1758) (diptera: muscidae) to transmit besnoitia besnoiti (henry, 1913) (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae). | cattle besnoitiosis due to the cyst-forming coccidian parasite besnoitia besnoiti has recently been reported in expansion in europe since the end of the twentieth century. the b. besnoiti life cycle and many epidemiological traits are still poorly known. hematophagous flies, including the worldwide-distributed stomoxys calcitrans, could be mechanical vectors in the contamination of mouthparts after the puncture of cutaneous cysts or ingestion of infected blood. in this study, a protocol is prese ... | 2013 | 23064799 |
| [first cases of besnoitiosis in cattle in switzerland]. | bovine besnoitiosis has been diagnosed in neighboring countries but not in switzerland so far. this disease occurs endemically in france and focal outbreaks have been reported in germany and italy. to determine if besnoitia besnoiti is introduced into switzerland through the import of breeding cattle from france, a systematic serological survey was performed. a total of 412 breeding cattle (from 114 farms) imported from france into switzerland between 2005 and 2011, were serologically examined f ... | 2012 | 23117988 |
| participatory diagnosis and prioritization of constraints to cattle production in some smallholder farming areas of zimbabwe. | a participatory epidemiological study was conducted to identify and prioritize constraints to livestock health and production on smallholder farms in sanyati and gokwe districts of zimbabwe. questionnaires were administered to 294 randomly selected livestock owners across the two districts. livestock diseases (29% of the respondents), high cost of drugs (18.21%), weak veterinary extension (15.18%), inadequate grazing (13.60%), inadequate water (13.54%), and livestock thefts (10.44%) were the maj ... | 2013 | 23149306 |
| novel tools for the diagnosis and differentiation of acute and chronic bovine besnoitiosis. | diagnosis of acute bovine besnoitiosis is a major diagnostic problem. we developed diagnostic tests to serologically diagnose and differentiate acute and chronic cases of bovine besnoitiosis using affinity purified antigens of besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites in immunoblots and in both, a conventional elisa and an avidity elisa. sera of acutely and chronically infected cattle were investigated using these tests. acutely infected cattle initially recognised an antigen of 74 kda relative molecular m ... | 2013 | 23160022 |
| first cross-sectional serological survey on besnoitia besnoiti in cattle in italy. | a cross-sectional serological survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of besnoitiosis in cattle farms located in a region of southern italy. a geographical information system (gis) was used in order to uniformly sample the bovine farms (n=88) throughout the entire region. blood samples were collected from 528 autochthonous cattle and sera were tested for antibodies to besnoitia besnoiti using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. the farm prevalence was 83.0% (73/88), and the indivi ... | 2012 | 23274487 |
| development of early tissue cysts and associated pathology of besnoitia besnoiti in a naturally infected bull (bos taurus) from south africa. | besnoitia besnoiti is an apicomplexan that causes serious economic loss in cattle in many countries and the disease is now spreading in europe. at least 2 phases of bovine besnoitiosis are recognized clinically. an acute febrile phase characterized by anasarca and necrosis of skin is associated with multiplication of tachyzoites in vascular endothelium; this phase is short-lived and rarely diagnosed. chronic besnoitiosis characterized by dermal lesions is associated with the presence of macrosco ... | 2013 | 23327488 |
| first 2-de approach towards characterising the proteome and immunome of besnoitia besnoiti in the tachyzoite stage. | bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti. it is considered to be a re-emergent disease in europe and is also present in africa and asia. due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease, bovine besnoitiosis is responsible for severe economic losses. however, many aspects of the disease and parasite biology remain unknown. proteomics studies could help to investigate relevant biological processes as well as host immune response associated ... | 2012 | 23332121 |
| identification of besnoitia besnoiti proteins that showed differences in abundance between tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages by difference gel electrophoresis. | bovine besnoitiosis is a chronic and debilitating disease, caused by the apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti. infection of cattle by b. besnoiti is governed by the tachyzoite stage, which is related to acute infection, and the bradyzoite stage gathered into macroscopic cysts located in subcutaneous tissue in the skin, mucosal membranes and sclera conjunctiva and related to persistence and chronic infection. however, the entire life cycle of this parasite and the molecular mechanisms underly ... | 2013 | 23594379 |
| chronic bovine besnoitiosis: intra-organ parasite distribution, parasite loads and parasite-associated lesions in subclinical cases. | bovine besnoitiosis caused by besnoitia besnoiti is a chronic and debilitating disease. the most characteristic clinical signs of chronic besnoitiosis are visible tissue cysts in the scleral conjunctiva and the vagina, thickened skin and a generally poor body condition. however, many seropositive animals remain subclinically infected, and the role that these animals may play in spreading the disease is not known. the aim of the present study was to assess the intra-organ parasite distribution, t ... | 2013 | 23680543 |
| first serosurvey of besnoitia spp. infection in wild european ruminants in spain. | besnoitia besnoiti has been reported to affect cattle, wildebeest, kudu and impala, and b. tarandi other wild ruminants (caribou, reindeer, mule deer and musk ox), causing similar characteristic clinical signs and lesions. however, both besnoitia species have been reported in different geographical areas and the link between the sylvatic and domestic life cycles of besnoita spp. in wild ruminants and cattle remains unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of specific antibodie ... | 2013 | 23790546 |
| a century of bovine besnoitiosis: an unknown disease re-emerging in europe. | bovine besnoitiosis, which is caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti, is a chronic and debilitating vector-borne disease characterized by both cutaneous and systemic manifestations. in europe, this parasitic disease appeared in a few restricted areas in france and portugal since the first recorded cases in the beginning of the 20th century. however, at present, the disease is considered to be re-emerging by the european food safety authority due to an increased numbe ... | 2013 | 23830145 |
| combination of monoclonal antibodies improves immunohistochemical diagnosis of neospora caninum. | histological analysis is commonly used for a conclusive diagnosis of neosporosis. immunohistochemistry (ihc) using monoclonal (mab) and polyclonal (pab) antibodies can improve diagnosis; however, the use of pab may induce cross-reactivity with other related parasites. the aims of this study were to compare the performance of mabs and their combinations with that of pab in ihc and evaluate the usefulness of mab to identify neospora caninum infection in aborted bovine fetal tissues. for this purpo ... | 2013 | 23927916 |
| bovine besnoitiosis in switzerland: imported cases and local transmission. | bovine besnoitiosis is an economically important disease of cattle, caused by besnoitia besnoiti (protozoa, apicomplexa). a considerable spreading of this parasitic infection has been observed in europe in the last ten years, mainly related to animal trade. in order to investigate the possibility of b. besnoiti being unnoticed introduced and getting established in switzerland through the import of breeding cattle from france, a total of 767 animals (650 cattle imported from france and 117 cattle ... | 2013 | 24120579 |
| blood-feeding patterns of horse flies in the french pyrenees. | horse flies can mechanically transmit besnoitia besnoiti, the agent of bovine besnoitiosis. although previously limited to enzootic areas, especially the french pyrenees mountains, bovine besnoitiosis is now considered a re-emerging disease in western europe. to improve understanding of the role of horse flies as mechanical vectors, this study investigated their blood-feeding ecology in the eastern french pyrenees, in two high-altitude summer pastures whose main domestic ungulates were cattle, a ... | 2014 | 24210525 |
| frequency of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti in brazilian cattle. | besnoitia besnoiti is a cyst-forming parasite that has been associated with economic losses in africa and europe. besnoitiosis is considered as a re-emergent disease in the european continent. it is unknown whether cattle are exposed to b. besnoiti in the americas, thus the aim of this study was to serologically investigate antibodies against b. besnoiti in a total of 2014 cattle serum samples from two states from brazil. all samples were evaluated by ifat and part of the positive sera was teste ... | 2014 | 24290901 |
| evidence for bovine besnoitiosis in egypt-first serosurvey of besnoitia besnoiti in cattle and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in egypt. | the present study evaluated the presence of specific antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti in cattle and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in egypt. sera from cattle (n = 216) and water buffaloes (n = 133) collected from five different provinces of egypt (behera, alexandria, assuit, gharbia, and matrouh) were analyzed. testing for b. besnoiti antibodies by priocheck® besnoitia ab 2.0 elisa initially identified 13.75 % (48 out of 349) of individual sera as positive at the manufacturer's suggested c ... | 2014 | 24375275 |
| bovine besnoitiosis emerging in central-eastern europe, hungary. | besnoitia besnoiti, the cause of bovine besnoitiosis, is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite that has recently been shown to be spreading in several western and southern european countries. | 2014 | 24410743 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps as innate immune reaction against the emerging apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti. | besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle is an important emerging protozoan disease in europe causing economic losses and severe clinical signs, such as generalized dermatitis, orchitis, and vulvitis in affected animals. neutrophil extracellular trap (net) formation was recently demonstrated as an important effector mechanism of pmn acting against several invading pathogens. in the present study, interactions of bovine pmn with tachyzoites of b. besnoiti were investigated in this respect in vitro. ... | 2014 | 24618849 |
| prevalence of besnoitia besnoiti infection in beef cattle from the spanish pyrenees. | reports of recent outbreaks of bovine besnoitiosis in europe have emphasized the need for prevalence studies to determine the importance of the disease. a previous cross-sectional study carried out in a northern province of spain showed that seropositive cattle were beef breeds primarily located in regions where the disease is endemic (such as in the pyrenees). the present study focused on this population. sixty-three beef herds were selected and at least 50% of the animals in each herd were sam ... | 2014 | 24650545 |
| seroprevalence of besnoitia besnoiti infection and associated risk factors in cattle from an endemic region in europe. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the parasite besnoitia besnoiti, is a chronic, debilitating disease with both cutaneous and systemic clinical signs that has re-emerged in europe. this is the first random cross-sectional prevalence study of b. besnoiti infection in cattle carried out in an endemic area in europe (navarra, spain). dairy (n = 372) and beef (n = 340) cattle >1 year of age were randomly blood sampled. serum was evaluated using a validated elisa. true animal prevalence data were restri ... | 2014 | 24656628 |
| a review on bovine besnoitiosis: a disease with economic impact in herd health management, caused by besnoitia besnoiti (franco and borges, ). | bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the largely unexplored apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti. in cows, infection during pregnancy often results in abortion, and chronically infected bulls become infertile. similar to other apicomplexans b. besnoiti has acquired a largely intracellular lifestyle, but its complete life cycle is still unknown, modes of transmission have not been entirely resolved and the definitive host has not been identified. outbreaks of bovine besnoitiosis in cattle were de ... | 2014 | 24694568 |
| no detection of besnoitia besnoiti dna in the semen of chronically infected bulls. | bovine besnoitiosis is a chronic and debilitating disease observed in many european countries that may cause important economic losses in cattle. the recent widespread of the parasite in europe had led the european food safety authority to declare bovine besnoitiosis as a re-emerging disease in europe. many aspects of the epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis such as the main routes of transmission are still unclear and need to be further studied. among the different hypotheses, a sexual transmiss ... | 2014 | 24802865 |
| dynamics of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti. this disease progresses in two sequential phases: a febrile acute phase with oedemas and respiratory disorders, and a chronic phase characterized by the presence of subcutaneous tissue cysts and skin lesions. serious consequences of the infection are poor body condition, sterility in bulls and eventual death. the role of host/parasite-dependent factors, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of the d ... | 2014 | 24871877 |
| besnoitia besnoiti and toxoplasma gondii: two apicomplexan strategies to manipulate the host cell centrosome and golgi apparatus. | besnoitia besnoiti and toxoplasma gondii are two closely related parasites that interact with the host cell microtubule cytoskeleton during host cell invasion. here we studied the relationship between the ability of these parasites to invade and to recruit the host cell centrosome and the golgi apparatus. we observed that t. gondii recruits the host cell centrosome towards the parasitophorous vacuole (pv), whereas b. besnoiti does not. notably, both parasites recruit the host golgi apparatus to ... | 2014 | 24892307 |
| prevalence and geographic distribution of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle herds in portugal. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti is considered an emergent disease in europe. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and geographic distribution of b. besnoiti in cattle herds in continental portugal and to identify potential spatial clustering of infection. a stratified two-stage cross-sectional serological survey was carried out between march 2012 and may 2013 with the five administrative nuts ii regions, norte, centro, lisboa, alentejo, and alg ... | 2014 | 25033814 |
| a new caryospora coccidian species (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the laughing kookaburra (dacelo novaeguineae). | a new caryospora coccidian species is described from the laughing kookaburra (dacelo novaeguineae). sporulated oocysts (n=30) are ovoid in shape with a smooth, colourless, bilayered oocyst wall and measure 31.4×29.3 (30.0-32.0×28.0-31.0) μm with a shape index of 1.1. oocysts contain one spheroidal to subspheroidal sporocyst, 21.2×20.6 (20.0-24.0×20.0-21.0) μm. a spheroidal shaped sporocyst residuum is present; micropyle, stieda, substieda and parastieda bodies are absent. vermiform sporozoites ( ... | 2014 | 25092438 |
| naturally acquired bovine besnoitiosis: histological and immunohistochemical findings in acute, subacute, and chronic disease. | the pathogenesis of bovine besnoitiosis, a disease of increasing concern within europe, is still incompletely understood. in this study, disease progression after natural infection with the causative apicomplexan besnoitia besnoiti was monitored in histological skin sections of 5 individual female cattle over time. high-frequency skin sampling of 2 cattle with mild and 2 with severe acute, subacute, and chronic besnoitiosis, as well as from 1 animal during subclinical disease, enabled documentat ... | 2015 | 25096291 |
| besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites induce monocyte extracellular trap formation. | extracellular trap (et) formation has been demonstrated as an important novel effector mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn), eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages acting extracellularly against pathogens. in the present study, we show that tachyzoites of the emerging apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti, that have recently been reported as potent inducers of pmn-derived etosis, also trigger the release of ets in an additional cell type, namely in monocytes. fluorescence illustr ... | 2014 | 25193048 |
| proteomics reveals differences in protein abundance and highly similar antigenic profiles between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi are two cyst-forming apicomplexan parasites of the genus besnoitia. b. besnoiti uses cattle as an intermediate host, in which it causes a disease that progresses in two sequential phases: the acute anasarca stage and the chronic scleroderma stage. reindeer and caribou act as intermediate hosts for b. tarandi, which causes clinical signs similar to those caused by b. besnoiti. previous studies demonstrated high molecular similarity, as determined by 18s an ... | 2014 | 25260331 |
| a small-molecule cell-based screen led to the identification of biphenylimidazoazines with highly potent and broad-spectrum anti-apicomplexan activity. | an in vitro screening of the anti-apicomplexan activity of 51 compounds, stemming from our chemical library and from chemical synthesis, was performed. as a study model, we used toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), expressing β-galactosidase for the colorimetric assessment of drug activity on parasites cultivated in vitro. this approach allowed the validation of a new series of molecules with a biphenylimidazoazine scaffold as inhibitors of t. gondii growth in vitro. hence, 8 molecules significantly i ... | 2015 | 25462254 |